2022-2023学年河南省信阳市高级中学高三下学期开学考试英语试题 （解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年河南省信阳市高级中学高三下学期开学考试英语试题 （解析版），共29页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
河南省信阳高级中学2023届高三年级二轮复习滚动测试1
英语试题
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Monthly educational subscription boxes for students can be a great way to develop an interest in a particular subject. If you want to learn something at home while having fun, you can have educational subscription boxes delivered monthly straight to your house.
Spangler Boxes
Spangler Boxes feature a range of hands-on scientific experiments designed by Steve Spangler, who previously hosted a popular science education program on News for Kids Projects focus on STEM-science, technology, engineering and math Examples of projects include exploring lava (岩浆) science, the sound waves, and physical laws.
Finders Seekers Boxes
After receiving a Finders Seekers Box, you’ll explore characters of a new city and culture every month while solving puzzles. Think of a Finders Seekers Box as an escape room challenge that takes place in your living room. Clues and online research tools are available to help in case you get stuck solving the mystery. Each puzzle takes approximately two to four hours to complete.
Creation Boxes
Creation Boxes teach students electronics, digital tips and high-level problem-solving. Each box teaches a lesson and is progressively more challenging. A sampling of the projects includes a mood lamp, an electronic memory game, and a distance detector using an ultrasonic sensor (超声传感器).
Kiwi Doodle Boxes
Kiwi Doodle Boxes are among the most popular boxes on the market. They feature a variety of themes customized to students aged from 8 to 18 and focus on art and design with projects such as a felt botanic garden,an artificial leather sample set, and a handmade soap. These projects introduce students to new crafting materials and techniques and all craft supplies are included in the box.
1. What did Steve Spangler use to be?
A. A scientist. B. An educator. C. A TV host. D. An engineer.
2. Which of the following is included in Finders Seekers Boxes?
A. Features of cities. B. Online instructions.
C. Historical mysteries. D. Escape room challenges.
3. If you are interested in handicraft art, which box would you subscribe?
A. Creation Boxes. B. Spangler Boxes.
C. Finders Seekers Boxes. D. Kiwi Doodle Boxes.
B
As a child growing up in a suburban town in the Northeast of the United States, the arrival of spring had little meaning for me.
Sure, we had a weeklong spring vocation from school, but the key word there was vacation, not spring.
For the kids in my neighborhood, the arrival of spring was a non-event. There were two important seasons: winter, when we could go skating and sledding or build snow forts, and summer, when we could finally make proper use of the beach about 100 meter east of my family home. Spring and autumn were just technical details, weeks and weeks of waiting for the good times' return.
Admittedly, spring later developed its own attractions for me—"In the spring a young man's fancy turns to thoughts of love", ns the poet Alfred Lord Tennyson noted—however, it was not spring itself, but the other stuff bat got my attention.
In short, I never thought much at all about spring…. and then I arrived in China. I had been in Beijing for about three months when my first Spring Festival rolled around, and it could hardly be ignored. Aside from the random bursts of fireworks at any time day or night, what stood out most for me was that the capital seemed to be empty.
It was as though the crowds and streams of cars and trucks commonly seen in the capital had all gone into hiding. My puzzlement cleared up when I returned to work. My colleagues explained that Chinese traditionally travel, if necessary, to visit their families during Spring Festival, and that many Beijingers were not natives of the capital.
I also got my first knowledge of something about Spring Festival that never ceases to amaze me. Regardless of when the holiday is set to begin, there is m almost immediate and sudden change for the better in the weather. Spring really does arrive.
I can't begin to figure out how the ancient Chinese could create a system for the millennia hat would almost always accurately predict when the season would shift year after year after year. But they did.
4. What did the author think of spring as a child?
A. Eventful. B. Hopeful C. Dull. D. Trilling.
5. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The author never had a spring vacation before he came to China.
B. Spring to the author is a season when he could do nothing.
C. Empty streets and random bursts of fireworks upset the author.
D. Spring Festival tends to indicate the coming of Spring.
6. What' the author's attitude towards China's traditional culture?
A. Doubtful. B. Admirable. C. Objective. D. Confused.
7 Which of the following can be the best title?
A. Springtime—a season of waiting B. Springtime—a season of senses awakening
C. Spring Festival—a time of celebrating D. Spring Festival—a time of loneliness
C
Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (大脑杏仁核) involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, hinting at the potential benefits of nature. “But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,” says Sonja Sudimac.
To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.
“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. Interestingly, the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases, which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress,” explains Simone Kühn, head of the group.
The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk. This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health. Even a short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity, suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain.
In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.
8. What does the hen-and-egg problem mean by Sonja Sudimac?
A. Living in rural areas actually affects brain activity.
B People in cities tend to have a higher risk of mental problems.
C. It’s unnecessary to work out the complex issue of stress and health.
D. It’s hard to clarify the impact of living environment on mental health.
9. How did researchers collect evidence for the study?
A. By quoting authoritative experts.
B. By interviewing healthy volunteers.
C. By researching on a previous theory.
D. By comparing volunteers’ amygdala activities.
10. What contribution did Simone Kühn and his team mainly make?
A. Confirming the assumption of nature’s benefits to brain health.
B. Supporting a commonly held view of urban exposure.
C. Revealing the link between age and mental health.
D. Identifying the causes of mental health problems.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. Benefits of a regular walk in nature.
B. The focus of the follow-up research.
C. An appeal for living in urban regions.
D. Nature’s positive effects on women and children.
D
Search “toxic parents”, and you’ll find more than 38, 000 posts, largely urging young adults to cut ties with their families. The idea is to safeguard one’s mental health from abusive parents. However, as a psychoanalyst (精神分析学家), I’ve seen that trend in recent years become a way to manage conflicts in the family, and I have seen the severe impacts estrangement (疏远) has on both sides of the divide. This is a self-help trend that creates much harm.
“Canceling” your parent can be seen as an extension of a cultural trend aimed at correcting imbalances in power and systemic inequality. Today’s social justice values respond to this reality, calling on us to criticize oppressive and harmful figures and to gain power for those who have been powerless. But when adult children use the most effective tool they have – themselves – to gain a sense of security and ban their parents from their lives, the roles are simply switched, and the pain only deepens.
Often, what I see in my practice are cases of family conflict mismanaged, power dynamics turned upside down rather than negotiated. I see the terrible effect of that trend: situations with no winners, only isolated humans who long to be known and feel safe in the presence of the other.
The catch is that after estrangement, adult children are not suddenly less dependent. In fact, they feel abandoned and betrayed, because in the unconscious, it doesn’t matter who is doing the leaving; the feeling that remains is “being left”. They carry the ghosts of their childhood, tackling the emotional reality that those who raised us can never truly be left behind, no matter how hard we try.
What I have found is that most of these families need repair not permanent break-up. How can one learn how to negotiate needs, to create boundaries and to trust? How can we love others, and ourselves, if not through accepting the limitations that come with being human? Good relationships are the result not of a perfect level of harmony but rather of successful adjustments.
To pursue dialogue instead of estrangement will be hard and painful work. It can’t be a single project of “self-help”, because at the end of the day, real intimacy (亲密关系) is achieved by working through the injuries of the past together. In most cases of family conflict, repair is possible and preferable to estrangement – and it’s worth the work.
12. Why do young people cut ties with the family?
A. To gain an independent life. B. To restore harmony in the family.
C. To protect their psychological well-being. D. To follow a tendency towards social justice.
13. What does the underlined word “catch” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Response. B. Problem. C. Operation. D. Emphasis.
14. To manage family conflict, the author agrees that young adults should________.
A. break down boundaries B. gain power within the family
C. live up to their parents’ expectations D. accept imperfection of family members
15. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To advocate a self-help trend. B. To justify a common social value.
C. To argue against a current practice. D. To discuss a means of communication.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Can I Fight Laziness?
Lazy people will never amount to anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.
____16____. Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.
Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. ____17____
Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. ____18____Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.
Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. ____19____ Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.
____20____ Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.
A. To fight family laziness, set an example.
B. Knowing how to fight laziness is important.
C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.
D. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.
E. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal.
F. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.
G. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child.
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a beautiful day with the sun shining brightly. ____21____to spend some time outdoors, I went up the mountain with Uncle Jimmy. The mountain was not easy to climb and had tough rocks and streams on it. Halfway up the mountain, ____22____and hot, I couldn’t go any further. ____23____, we went back down the mountain in the end. On the way back down, Uncle Jimmy asked me a question, which ____24____me speechless for a second: “What’s your dream, young lady?” “I have no idea,” I answered after thinking for a while. Then he smiled and told me about his ____25____. He didn’t ____26____well at school when he was a student. Although ____27____thought he could succeed, he knew ____28____what his dream was—to be a ____29____. “I knew I wasn’t _____30_____when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a nearby market and sell them after class,” he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to _____31_____which one was most attractive to customers. Of course, he often had no money in his pocket, but however _____32_____life was, he never gave up.
“There is no doubt that a person who puts in a great deal of _____33_____to reach his or her goal will have good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to _____34_____your dream,” he said in a gentle voice.
That night I could not fall asleep. With my eyes wide open, I lay in bed tossing and turning and I asked myself, “What’s my motivation?” I wanted to be a top student, but the hard work _____35_____meant putting everything into following my _____36_____. If I find myself _____37_____willpower, what should I do? Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the mountain again all by myself. It made me think: If we don’t _____38_____it to the top of a mountain, how can we enjoy the scenery there? At last, I reached the top and was _____39_____by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more _____40_____than that.
21. A. Hesitant B. Eager C. Satisfied D. Unwilling
22. A. worried B. anxious C. scared D. exhausted
23 A. Therefore B. However C. Meanwhile D. Furthermore
24. A. left B. caused C. pushed D. brought
25. A. career B. story C. idea D. confusion
26. A. behave B. respond C. perform D. impress
27. A. somebody B. everybody C. nobody D. anybody
28. A. clearly B. directly C. shortly D. rapidly
29. A. chef B. scholar C. deliveryman D. businessman
30. A. skilled B. gifted C. diligent D. knowledgeable
31. A. make sure B. check in C. figure out D. count on
32. A. secure B. tough C. reliable D. boring
33. A. talent B. potential C. effort D. ambition
34. A. chase B. create C. change D. promote
35. A. directed B. connected C. pulled D. involved
36. A. demand B. ability C. strength D. passion
37. A. desiring B. sharing C. lacking D. possessing
38. A. make B. reach C. get D. bring
39. A. shocked B. amused C. honored D. greeted
40. A. unexpected B. pleasant C. relaxing D. challenging
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Anyone who has an interest in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. The Chinese archaeologist ___41___ has spent more than half a century researching and preserving the caves at the heart of the ancient Silk Road in Gansu Province ___42___(know) as the “Daughter of Dunhuang” in her field, though “protector” is probably a more fitting ___43___(describe).
Fan has been studying the historical site since the early 1960s, first as an archaeology undergraduate from Peking University, then as a conservationist when she ___44___(become) the deputy director of the Dunhuang Research Academy in 1984, which serves to prevent the ancient site ___45___ being destroyed.
“It is over a thousand years old. It is an old person, an ___46___(extreme) weak old person. It has ___47___(variety) illnesses. If you are a little careless, it could be gone. Gone forever,” Fan says.
Today, thanks to the work of great ___48___(archaeologist) such as Fan, Dunhuang is proud of the world’s largest and best-preserved collection of Buddhist relics ___49___(date) from the 15th to the 13th centuries. The main Mogao site is made up of 735 caves spread across a 1,700-metre-wide cliff face, containing 45,000 square metres of murals(壁画) ____50____ more than 2,000 colourful sculptures.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处：每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
As is known to us, a large number of wild animals has been killed for their meat. As a result, thousand of animals have either died out and become endangered.
Actually, protect wild animals benefits the animals as well as humans. For an example, if farmers killed too many eagles, their corn and grain would be destroyed by rats. The reason is because with no eagles to hunt rats, their number would increase rapid.
Therefore, all of us must do what they can to protect wild animals. As for me, I have joined an organization in our town which aim is to call on people to protect wild animals and I have taken part several activities.
第二节:书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是李华，你校英文报“校园生活(School Life)”栏目正在征文，请你以“Be a Responsible Person”为题，用英文写一篇短文投稿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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河南省信阳高级中学2023届高三年级二轮复习滚动测试1
英语试题
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Monthly educational subscription boxes for students can be a great way to develop an interest in a particular subject. If you want to learn something at home while having fun, you can have educational subscription boxes delivered monthly straight to your house.
Spangler Boxes
Spangler Boxes feature a range of hands-on scientific experiments designed by Steve Spangler, who previously hosted a popular science education program on News for Kids Projects focus on STEM-science, technology, engineering and math Examples of projects include exploring lava (岩浆) science, the sound waves, and physical laws.
Finders Seekers Boxes
After receiving a Finders Seekers Box, you’ll explore characters of a new city and culture every month while solving puzzles. Think of a Finders Seekers Box as an escape room challenge that takes place in your living room. Clues and online research tools are available to help in case you get stuck solving the mystery. Each puzzle takes approximately two to four hours to complete.
Creation Boxes
Creation Boxes teach students electronics, digital tips and high-level problem-solving. Each box teaches a lesson and is progressively more challenging. A sampling of the projects includes a mood lamp, an electronic memory game, and a distance detector using an ultrasonic sensor (超声传感器).
Kiwi Doodle Boxes
Kiwi Doodle Boxes are among the most popular boxes on the market. They feature a variety of themes customized to students aged from 8 to 18 and focus on art and design with projects such as a felt botanic garden,an artificial leather sample set, and a handmade soap. These projects introduce students to new crafting materials and techniques and all craft supplies are included in the box.
1. What did Steve Spangler use to be?
A. A scientist. B. An educator. C. A TV host. D. An engineer.
2. Which of the following is included in Finders Seekers Boxes?
A. Features of cities. B. Online instructions.
C. Historical mysteries. D. Escape room challenges.
3. If you are interested in handicraft art, which box would you subscribe?
A. Creation Boxes. B. Spangler Boxes.
C. Finders Seekers Boxes. D. Kiwi Doodle Boxes.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍四种“教育盒子”。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Spangler Boxes部分的“Steve Spangler, who previously hosted a popular science education program(史蒂夫·斯潘格勒曾主持过一个科普教育节目)”可知，Steve Spangler过去是一个电视节目主持人。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Finders Seekers Boxes部分的“After receiving a Finders Seekers box, you’ll explore characters of a new city and culture every month while solving puzzles.(在收到“Finders Seekers”盒子后，每个月可以一边解开谜题，一边探索新城市的人物和文化。)”可知，Finders Seekers Boxes包括了城市的特点，故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Kiwi Doodle Boxes部分的“They feature a variety of themes customized to students aged from 8 to 18 and focus on art and design with projects such as a felt botanic garden, an artificial leather sample set, and a handmade soap. (他们的特色是为8至18岁的学生定制各种主题，并专注于艺术和设计项目，如体验植物园、人造皮革样品集和手工肥皂。)”可知，如果你对手工艺术感兴趣，你会订阅Kiwi Doodle Boxes，故选D。
B
As a child growing up in a suburban town in the Northeast of the United States, the arrival of spring had little meaning for me.
Sure, we had a weeklong spring vocation from school, but the key word there was vacation, not spring.
For the kids in my neighborhood, the arrival of spring was a non-event. There were two important seasons: winter, when we could go skating and sledding or build snow forts, and summer, when we could finally make proper use of the beach about 100 meter east of my family home. Spring and autumn were just technical details, weeks and weeks of waiting for the good times' return.
Admittedly, spring later developed its own attractions for me—"In the spring a young man's fancy turns to thoughts of love", ns the poet Alfred Lord Tennyson noted—however, it was not spring itself, but the other stuff bat got my attention.
In short, I never thought much at all about spring…. and then I arrived in China. I had been in Beijing for about three months when my first Spring Festival rolled around, and it could hardly be ignored. Aside from the random bursts of fireworks at any time day or night, what stood out most for me was that the capital seemed to be empty.
It was as though the crowds and streams of cars and trucks commonly seen in the capital had all gone into hiding. My puzzlement cleared up when I returned to work. My colleagues explained that Chinese traditionally travel, if necessary, to visit their families during Spring Festival, and that many Beijingers were not natives of the capital.
I also got my first knowledge of something about Spring Festival that never ceases to amaze me. Regardless of when the holiday is set to begin, there is m almost immediate and sudden change for the better in the weather. Spring really does arrive.
I can't begin to figure out how the ancient Chinese could create a system for the millennia hat would almost always accurately predict when the season would shift year after year after year. But they did.
4. What did the author think of spring as a child?
A. Eventful. B. Hopeful C. Dull. D. Trilling.
5. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The author never had a spring vacation before he came to China.
B. Spring to the author is a season when he could do nothing.
C. Empty streets and random bursts of fireworks upset the author.
D. Spring Festival tends to indicate the coming of Spring.
6. What' the author's attitude towards China's traditional culture?
A. Doubtful. B. Admirable. C. Objective. D. Confused.
7. Which of the following can be the best title?
A. Springtime—a season of waiting B. Springtime—a season of senses awakening
C. Spring Festival—a time of celebrating D. Spring Festival—a time of loneliness
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要论述了作者小时候认为春天很无聊，到后来来到中国，看到春节期间中国的传统，对中国的传统文化产生了钦佩之心。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“As a child growing up in a suburban town in the Northeast of the United States, the arrival of spring had little meaning for me.(作为一个在美国东北部郊区小镇长大的孩子，春天的到来对我来说没什么意义)”可知，作者小时候认为春天很无聊。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I also got my first knowledge of something about Spring Festival that never ceases to amaze me. Regardless of when the holiday is set to begin, there is m almost immediate and sudden change for the better in the weather. Spring really does arrive.(我也得到了我的第一个关于春节的知识，从未停止让我惊讶。不管假期什么时候开始，天气都会立刻突然变好。春天真的来了)”可知，春节往往预示着春天的到来。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“I can't begin to figure out how the ancient Chinese could create a system for the millennia hat would almost always accurately predict when the season would shift year after year after year. But they did.(我不知道古代中国人是如何创造出一个可以持续数千年的系统, 几乎总能准确预测季节何时会年复一年地变化。但他们做到了)”可推知，作者对中国的传统文化有一颗钦佩之心。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“As a child growing up in a suburban town in the Northeast of the United States, the arrival of spring had little meaning for me.(作为一个在美国东北部郊区小镇长大的孩子，春天的到来对我来说没什么意义)”以及根据最后一段“I can't begin to figure out how the ancient Chinese could create a system for the millennia hat would almost always accurately predict when the season would shift year after year after year. But they did.(我不知道古代中国人是如何创造出一个可以持续数千年的系统, 几乎总能准确预测季节何时会年复一年地变化。但他们做到了)”结合文章主要论述了作者小时候认为春天很无聊，到后来来到中国，看到春节期间中国的传统，对中国的传统文化产生了钦佩之心。可知，B选项“春天——感官觉醒的季节”最符合文章标题。故选B。
C
Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (大脑杏仁核) involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, hinting at the potential benefits of nature. “But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,” says Sonja Sudimac.
To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.
“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. Interestingly, the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases, which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress,” explains Simone Kühn, head of the group.
The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk. This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health. Even a short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity, suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain.
In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.
8. What does the hen-and-egg problem mean by Sonja Sudimac?
A. Living in rural areas actually affects brain activity.
B. People in cities tend to have a higher risk of mental problems.
C. It’s unnecessary to work out the complex issue of stress and health.
D. It’s hard to clarify the impact of living environment on mental health.
9. How did researchers collect evidence for the study?
A. By quoting authoritative experts.
B. By interviewing healthy volunteers.
C. By researching on a previous theory.
D. By comparing volunteers’ amygdala activities.
10. What contribution did Simone Kühn and his team mainly make?
A. Confirming the assumption of nature’s benefits to brain health.
B. Supporting a commonly held view of urban exposure.
C. Revealing the link between age and mental health.
D. Identifying the causes of mental health problems.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. Benefits of a regular walk in nature.
B. The focus of the follow-up research.
C. An appeal for living in urban regions.
D. Nature’s positive effects on women and children.
【答案】8 D 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然对人大脑产生的影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions(但是到目前为止，母鸡和蛋的问题还没有得到解决，也就是说，到底是大自然对大脑产生了影响，还是特定的个体选择生活在农村还是城市地区)”可知，Sonja Sudimac的“母鸡和鸡蛋的问题”意味着生活环境对精神健康的影响很难说清楚。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin.(为了获得因果证据，该小组的研究人员对63名健康志愿者在格鲁内瓦尔德森林或柏林交通繁忙的购物街散步一小时前后的大脑活动进行了检查)”可知，研究人员通过比较志愿者的杏仁核活动来为这项研究收集证据。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link.(研究结果支持了之前假设的自然和大脑健康之间的正相关关系，但这是首次证明因果关系的研究)”可知，Simone Kühn和他的团队的主要贡献是证实了自然对大脑健康有益的假设。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.(为了调查自然对不同人群和年龄组的有益影响，研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，研究在自然环境和城市环境中散步一小时对母亲和婴儿的压力有何影响)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是后续研究的重点。故选B。
D
Search “toxic parents”, and you’ll find more than 38, 000 posts, largely urging young adults to cut ties with their families. The idea is to safeguard one’s mental health from abusive parents. However, as a psychoanalyst (精神分析学家), I’ve seen that trend in recent years become a way to manage conflicts in the family, and I have seen the severe impacts estrangement (疏远) has on both sides of the divide. This is a self-help trend that creates much harm.
“Canceling” your parent can be seen as an extension of a cultural trend aimed at correcting imbalances in power and systemic inequality. Today’s social justice values respond to this reality, calling on us to criticize oppressive and harmful figures and to gain power for those who have been powerless. But when adult children use the most effective tool they have – themselves – to gain a sense of security and ban their parents from their lives, the roles are simply switched, and the pain only deepens.
Often, what I see in my practice are cases of family conflict mismanaged, power dynamics turned upside down rather than negotiated. I see the terrible effect of that trend: situations with no winners, only isolated humans who long to be known and feel safe in the presence of the other.
The catch is that after estrangement, adult children are not suddenly less dependent. In fact, they feel abandoned and betrayed, because in the unconscious, it doesn’t matter who is doing the leaving; the feeling that remains is “being left”. They carry the ghosts of their childhood, tackling the emotional reality that those who raised us can never truly be left behind, no matter how hard we try.
What I have found is that most of these families need repair, not permanent break-up. How can one learn how to negotiate needs, to create boundaries and to trust? How can we love others, and ourselves, if not through accepting the limitations that come with being human? Good relationships are the result not of a perfect level of harmony but rather of successful adjustments.
To pursue dialogue instead of estrangement will be hard and painful work. It can’t be a single project of “self-help”, because at the end of the day, real intimacy (亲密关系) is achieved by working through the injuries of the past together. In most cases of family conflict, repair is possible and preferable to estrangement – and it’s worth the work.
12. Why do young people cut ties with the family?
A. To gain an independent life. B. To restore harmony in the family.
C. To protect their psychological well-being. D. To follow a tendency towards social justice.
13. What does the underlined word “catch” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Response. B. Problem. C. Operation. D. Emphasis.
14. To manage family conflict the author agrees that young adults should________.
A. break down boundaries B. gain power within the family
C. live up to their parents’ expectations D. accept imperfection of family members
15. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To advocate a self-help trend. B. To justify a common social value.
C. To argue against a current practice. D. To discuss a means of communication.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了面对家庭冲突或隔阂，相比疏远，修复才是更好的方法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Search “toxic parents”, and you’ll find more than 38, 000 posts, largely urging young adults to cut ties with their families. The idea is to safeguard one’s mental health from abusive parents.(搜索“有毒父母”，你会发现超过38000条帖子，大部分都是敦促年轻人与家庭断绝关系。这样做是为了保护孩子的心理健康不受父母虐待。)”可知，年轻人选择与家庭切断联系是为了保护自己免受心理上的伤害。故选C。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“that after estrangement, adult children are not suddenly less dependent. In fact, they feel abandoned and betrayed, because in the unconscious, it doesn’t matter who is doing the leaving; the feeling that remains is “being left”. (在关系疏远之后，成年子女对父母的依赖并不会突然减少。事实上，他们觉得自己被抛弃了，被背叛了，因为在潜意识里，是谁离开并不重要；剩下的感觉是“被留下”。)”可知，子女选择与家庭疏远后，产生的结果是消极的影响，所以划线单词catch表示的意思是“问题或者后果”。选项A“Response (回复)”；选项B“Problem (问题)”；选项C“Operation (手术)”；选项D“Emphasis (强调)”。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“What I have found is that most of these families need repair, not permanent break-up.(我发现，大多数这样的家庭需要修复，而不是永久破裂。)”可知，作者建议年轻人去修复家庭关系而不是疏远；再根据“How can we love others, and ourselves, if not through accepting the limitations that come with being human? Good relationships are the result not of a perfect level of harmony but rather of successful adjustments.(如果不接受作为人类的局限性，我们怎么能爱别人，爱自己呢?良好的人际关系不是完美和谐的结果，而是成功调整的结果。)”可知，作者建议年轻人要接受家人的不完美，调整心态，修复关系。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Search “toxic parents”, and you’ll find more than 38, 000 posts, largely urging young adults to cut ties with their families. The idea is to safeguard one’s mental health from abusive parents.(搜索“有毒父母”，你会发现超过38000条帖子，大部分都是敦促年轻人与家庭断绝关系。这样做是为了保护孩子的心理健康不受父母虐待。)”可知，开篇作者先提出了一个当下普遍存在的趋势，即年轻人在处理家庭冲突时，选择的是疏远家庭。再根据however之后的内容“However, as a psychoanalyst (精神分析学家), I’ve seen that trend in recent years become a way to manage conflicts in the family, and I have seen the severe impacts estrangement (疏远) has on both sides of the divide. This is a self-help trend that creates much harm.(然而，作为一名精神分析学家，我看到近年来这种趋势成为了一种管理家庭冲突的方式，我也看到了疏远对分歧双方的严重影响。这是一种会造成很多伤害的自助趋势。)”可知，作者紧接着通过转折词“however”指出这种疏远的处理方式是错误的，会带来很大的伤害。因此，作者是为了论述与开篇趋势相反的观点。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Can I Fight Laziness?
Lazy people will never amount to anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.
____16____. Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.
Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. ____17____
Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. ____18____Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.
Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. ____19____ Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.
____20____ Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.
A. To fight family laziness, set an example.
B. Knowing how to fight laziness is important.
C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.
D. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.
E. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal.
F. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.
G. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child.
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. G 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。懒惰的人一生将一事无成。然而，只要你在思想上做一些改变，懒惰是可以被克服的。文章主要介绍了一些克服懒惰的方法。
【16题详解】
根据后文“Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.(许多人经常缺乏睡眠，因为他们熬夜过晚，无法早起准备工作。这些人一旦回到家就没有什么动力了。懒惰与缺乏动力和爱拖延密切相关。通过调整你的睡眠时间表，提供几个小时重要的休息，你可以战胜一整天的懒惰)”可知，本段关于克服懒惰的方法是要获得充足的睡眠，C选项中sleep与后文中sleep相对应。故C选项“克服懒惰的一个方法是获得充足的睡眠”符合语境，故选C。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone.(另一种战胜懒惰的方法是把思想从被动转变为主动。有些人对待自己的生活就好像是被迫从一个任务推到另一个任务。另一些人则采取更积极主动的方法，将每项任务视为他们必须独自克服的挑战)”可知，本段克服懒惰的方法是变被动为主动，也就是说，要主动掌握生活，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明当无法主动掌控生活时，就会变懒惰的情况。故F选项“当你觉得自己不再能掌控自己的生活时，就会变得懒惰”符合语境，故选F。
【18题详解】
根据后文“complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.(完成一些任务，用自己喜欢的东西奖励自己，比如一顿美餐或一场电影)”可知，后文提到了用自己喜欢的东西奖励自己，可知本段说明的克服懒惰的方法是：给予自己奖励，G选项中a reward system for yourself对应后文中reward yourself。故G选项“为自己建立一个奖励系统，就像父母为自己的孩子做的那样”符合语境，故选G。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately.(懒惰在家里也是一个长期存在的问题。夫妻和孩子的精力可能各不相同，但如果不立即处理，懒惰会蔓延开来)”以及后文“Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.(饭后要第一个收拾碗碟。家里的其他人最终可能会以你为榜样，完成他们自己的任务。当你周围都是干劲十足的人时，很难养成懒惰的习惯)”可知，本段主要是关于如何克服家庭懒惰，上文提到懒惰蔓延，后文则提到了要树立榜样，故本句是在说明对抗家庭懒惰的方法是树立榜样。且A选项中family对应上文中at home。故A选项“要对抗家庭懒惰，树立榜样”符合语境，故选A。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.(足够的运动和均衡的饮食可以帮助你养成健康的生活方式，从而使你有更多的精力，并帮助你振作精神)”可知，本段主要说明的是通过锻炼来克服懒惰，D选项中taking exercise对应后文中Enough exercise。故D选项“最后，经常锻炼可以帮助你战胜懒惰”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a beautiful day with the sun shining brightly. ____21____to spend some time outdoors, I went up the mountain with Uncle Jimmy. The mountain was not easy to climb and had tough rocks and streams on it. Halfway up the mountain, ____22____and hot, I couldn’t go any further. ____23____, we went back down the mountain in the end. On the way back down, Uncle Jimmy asked me a question, which ____24____me speechless for a second: “What’s your dream, young lady?” “I have no idea,” I answered after thinking for a while. Then he smiled and told me about his ____25____. He didn’t ____26____well at school when he was a student. Although ____27____thought he could succeed, he knew ____28____what his dream was—to be a ____29____. “I knew I wasn’t _____30_____when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a nearby market and sell them after class,” he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to _____31_____which one was most attractive to customers. Of course, he often had no money in his pocket, but however _____32_____life was, he never gave up.
“There is no doubt that a person who puts in a great deal of _____33_____to reach his or her goal will have good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to _____34_____your dream,” he said in a gentle voice.
That night I could not fall asleep. With my eyes wide open, I lay in bed tossing and turning and I asked myself, “What’s my motivation?” I wanted to be a top student, but the hard work _____35_____meant putting everything into following my _____36_____. If I find myself _____37_____willpower, what should I do? Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the mountain again all by myself. It made me think: If we don’t _____38_____it to the top of a mountain, how can we enjoy the scenery there? At last, I reached the top and was _____39_____by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more _____40_____than that.
21. A. Hesitant B. Eager C. Satisfied D. Unwilling
22. A. worried B. anxious C. scared D. exhausted
23. A. Therefore B. However C. Meanwhile D. Furthermore
24. A. left B. caused C. pushed D. brought
25. A. career B. story C. idea D. confusion
26 A. behave B. respond C. perform D. impress
27. A. somebody B. everybody C. nobody D. anybody
28. A. clearly B. directly C. shortly D. rapidly
29. A. chef B. scholar C. deliveryman D. businessman
30. A. skilled B. gifted C. diligent D. knowledgeable
31. A. make sure B. check in C. figure out D. count on
32. A. secure B. tough C. reliable D. boring
33. A. talent B. potential C. effort D. ambition
34. A. chase B. create C. change D. promote
35. A. directed B. connected C. pulled D. involved
36. A. demand B. ability C. strength D. passion
37. A. desiring B. sharing C. lacking D. possessing
38. A. make B. reach C. get D. bring
39. A. shocked B. amused C. honored D. greeted
40. A. unexpected B. pleasant C. relaxing D. challenging
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者与吉米叔叔的一次爬山时因畏惧山路艰险及天热难受而半途返回，返回途中，吉米叔叔和作者分享了自己的故事，告诉作者生命的意义就是在于投入全力去追逐自己的梦想。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：渴望在户外呆上一段时间，于是我与Jimmy叔叔一起去爬山。A. Hesitant犹豫的；B. Eager渴望的；C. Satisfied感到满意的；D. Unwilling不情愿的。根据上文“It was a sunny day.”以及空后“to spend some time outdoors, I went up the mountain with Uncle Jimmy”可知，天气晴朗，我渴望和叔叔在这样好的日子里一起去户外登山。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，我又累又热，再也走不动了。A. worried担忧的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. scared害怕的；D. exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据上文“The mountain was not easy to climb and had tough rocks and streams on it.”以及下文“and hot, I couldn’t go any further”可知，作者因为山路难走，所以爬到一半就感到又累又热决定放弃。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，最后我们下山返回了。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Meanwhile与此同时，在此期间；D. Furthermore此外，而且。上文“I couldn’t go any further”作者因为感到劳累走不动，以及空后“we went back down the mountain in the end”可知上下文之间为因果关系。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在下山返回的路上，Jimmy叔叔问了我一个问题 ，使我一时无言以对，他说：“你的梦想是什么，小姐？”。A. left留下，让……处于（某种状态、某地等）；B. caused引起；C. pushed推；D. brought带来；根据后文“me speechless for a second”可知，是叔叔的话使作者无言以对。短语leave sb.+adj，表示让某人处于某种状态，句中形容词speechless 作宾补，其他选项无此用法。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他笑着给我讲了他自己的故事。A. career事业；B. story故事；C. idea主意；D. confusion困惑。根据后文“He didn’t ____6____ well at school when he was a student.”可知，是Jimmy叔叔和我分享了他的故事。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生时期他在校表现不好。A. behave行为；B. respond回应；C. perform表现；D. impress使印象深刻。根据后文“I knew I wasn’t ____10____ when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a nearby market and sell them after class”可知，吉米叔叔在学校学习方面表现并不好，固定短语perform well意为to work or do things well“表现得好”。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：虽然没有人认为他会功，但是他清楚的知道自己的梦想是什么。A. somebody某人；B. everybody每人；C. nobody没有人；D. anybody任何人。由前文“He didn’t ____6____ well at school when he was a student.”可知吉米叔叔在学校表现根本不好，再结合空前的“Although”可知主从句之间为转折关系，所以，没有人会认为他会成功，符合语境。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然没有人认为他会成功，但他清楚地知道他梦想是什么——成为一个商人。A. clearly清楚地；B. directly直接地；C. shortly简短地；D. rapidly快速地。根据下文“what his dream was — to be a ____9____ .”以及“‘I knew I wasn’t____10____when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a nearby market and sell them after class,’ he told me.”可知，叔叔清楚的知道自己的梦想是什么。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然没有人认为他会成功，但他清楚地知道他的梦想是什么——成为一个商人。A. chef厨师；B. scholar学者；C. deliveryman送货员；D. businessman商人。根据下文“I tried to buy snacks from a nearby market and sell them after class”他贩卖各种东西，可知，他的梦想是做一名商人。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道我在学习方面没有天赋。A. skilled技术娴熟的；B. gifted有天赋的；C. diligent勤劳的；D. knowledgeable有学识的。根据上文“He didn’t____6____well at school when he was a student.”可知，叔叔在学校学习不好，说明他在学习上没有天赋。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：离开学校后，他开始出售不同的商品，以弄清楚哪种商品最能吸引顾客。A. make sure确保；B. check in登记入住；C. figure out理解，弄明白；D. count on依赖。根据后文“which one was most attractive to customers.”可知，此处是指叔叔搞清楚顾客最想买什么，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，他的口袋里经常没有钱，但无论生活多么困难，他从不放弃。A. secure安全的，稳妥的；B. tough艰难的；C. reliable可靠的，可信赖的；D. boring令人厌烦的，乏味的。根据上文“he often had no money in his pocket”可知他那时生活很困难。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，一个人如果付出了巨大的努力去实现他或她的目标，他会在某个时候拥有好运。A. talent天赋；B. potential潜能；C. effort付出，努力；D. ambition雄心，抱负。结合后文“to reach his or her goal”以及常识可知，要付出努力，才能实现梦想。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“生命的意义是追逐你的梦想，”他用温柔的声音说道。A. chase追逐，追赶；B. create创造；C. change改变；D. promote促进，晋升。根据上文“puts in a great deal of ____13____to reach his or her goal”以及Jimmy叔叔自己的故事可知Jimmy叔叔认为生命的意义在于追逐自己的梦想，尽最大努力去实现自己的梦想，短语chase one’s dream意为“追求梦想”。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想当一名尖子生，但是想当尖子生所需的艰辛工作意味着我要把一切都投入到追随我的内心热爱的事情中。A. directed指导；B. connected连接；C. pulled拉；D. involved需要，涉及。结合上文“I wanted to be a top student, but the hard work”以及句子结构分析可知，“the hard work”指想成为尖子生所需的艰苦努力。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想当一名尖子生，但是想当尖子生所需的艰辛工作意味着我要把一切都投入到追随我的内心热爱的事情中。A. demand需求；B. ability能力；C. strength优点，力量；D. passion酷爱，热衷的爱好（或活动）。根据前文的“I wanted to be a top student.”可知，成为尖子生是作者所追求的目标，故作者需要把一切都投入到成为尖子生这一事情中，passion符合句意。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果发现自己缺乏意志力，我该怎么办？A. desiring渴望；B. sharing分享；C. lacking缺乏；D. possessing拥有。根据句中“what should I do？”以及作者登山半途要返回，可知，此时作者在想如果自己缺乏意志力该怎么办，故选C。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不登上山顶，我们怎么能欣赏那里的风景呢？A. make制造，使成功；B. reach到达；C. get获得，得到；D. bring带来。根据句中的“how can we enjoy the scenery there?”以及下文“At last, I reached the top and was____19____by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more____20____than that.”可知努力登上山顶，才有机会领略到顶峰上的美景，短语make it 意为“做成某事，获得成功，准时到达”，此句中“make it to the top”意为“登上顶峰”。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我到达了山顶，迎接我的是温暖的微风和阳光。A. shocked使震惊；B. amused（使）娱乐，逗乐，（提供）消遣；C. honored尊敬，给与表扬；D. greeted问候，迎接。根据“I reached the top”以及“by the warm breeze and sunshine.”可知，此处作者到达顶峰上，首先感受到的是温暖的微风和阳光，greet符合语境。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查形容词义辨析。句意：没有比那更令人愉快了。A. unexpected意料之外的；B. pleasant愉悦的；C. relaxing放松的；D. challenging富于挑战性的。根据前文的“by the warm breeze and sunshine”可知，当作者到达山顶，迎着温暖的微风和阳光，领略到顶峰上的美景，明白了叔叔的鼓励，坚定了自己的意志力，所以此时的内心感觉是愉悦的。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Anyone who has an interest in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. The Chinese archaeologist ___41___ has spent more than half a century researching and preserving the caves at the heart of the ancient Silk Road in Gansu Province ___42___(know) as the “Daughter of Dunhuang” in her field, though “protector” is probably a more fitting ___43___(describe).
Fan has been studying the historical site since the early 1960s, first as an archaeology undergraduate from Peking University, then as a conservationist when she ___44___(become) the deputy director of the Dunhuang Research Academy in 1984, which serves to prevent the ancient site ___45___ being destroyed.
“It is over a thousand years old. It is an old person, an ___46___(extreme) weak old person. It has ___47___(variety) illnesses. If you are a little careless, it could be gone. Gone forever,” Fan says.
Today, thanks to the work of great ___48___(archaeologist) such as Fan, Dunhuang is proud of the world’s largest and best-preserved collection of Buddhist relics ___49___(date) from the 15th to the 13th centuries. The main Mogao site is made up of 735 caves spread across a 1,700-metre-wide cliff face, containing 45,000 square metres of murals(壁画) ____50____ more than 2,000 colourful sculptures.
【答案】41. who##that
42. is known
43. description
44. became 45. from
46. extremely
47. various
48. archaeologists
49. dating 50. and
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“敦煌的女儿”樊锦诗为保护敦煌文物作出的巨大贡献。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词archaeologist，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
【42题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。根据语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。句子的主语The Chinese archaeologist是单数，和know之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is known。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。设空处被不定冠词a 修饰，应使用名词的单数形式。故填description。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：樊锦诗从20世纪60年代初开始研究这一历史遗址，最初是北京大学考古专业的本科生，1984年成为敦煌研究院副院长，作为一名自然保护主义者，该研究院旨在防止这一古老遗址被破坏。根据下文中的in 1984可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应使用一般过去时。故填became。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：樊锦诗从20世纪60年代初开始研究这一历史遗址，最初是北京大学考古专业的本科生，1984年成为敦煌研究院副院长，作为一名自然保护主义者，该研究院旨在防止这一古老遗址被破坏。prevent sth. from doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“防止某事物发生某种情况”。故填from。
【46题详解】
考查副词。句意：这是一个老人，一个极其虚弱的老人。设空处作状语，修饰形容词weak，应使用副词。故填extremely。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它有各种各样的疾病。设空处作定语，修饰名词illnesses，应使用形容词，故填various。
【48题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：今天，多亏了樊锦诗等伟大考古学家的工作，敦煌拥有世界上最大、保存最完好的15世纪至13世纪的佛教文物。archaeologist意为“考古学家”，是可数名词，且此处表泛指，应使用复数形式。故填archaeologists。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，多亏了樊锦诗等伟大考古学家的工作，敦煌拥有世界上最大、保存最完好的15世纪至13世纪的佛教文物。此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰collection of Buddhist relics，且collection of Buddhist relics与date为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填dating。
【50题详解】
考查连词。句意：莫高窟主址由735个洞窟组成，分布在1700米宽的悬崖上，包含4.5万平方米的壁画和2000多件彩色雕塑。45,000 square metres of murals(壁画)与more than 2,000 colourful sculptures为并列关系，指出敦煌古迹数量之大。故填and。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处：每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
As is known to us, a large number of wild animals has been killed for their meat. As a result, thousand of animals have either died out and become endangered.
Actually, protect wild animals benefits the animals as well as humans. For an example, if farmers killed too many eagles, their corn and grain would be destroyed by rats. The reason is because with no eagles to hunt rats, their number would increase rapid.
Therefore, all of us must do what they can to protect wild animals. As for me, I have joined an organization in our town which aim is to call on people to protect wild animals and I have taken part several activities.
【答案】1. has → have
2. thousand → thousands
3. and → or
4. protect → protecting
5. an删除
6. because → that
7. rapid → rapidly
8. they→we
9. which → whose
10. take part后加in
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述大量的野生动物被杀，成千上万的动物要么灭绝，要么成为濒危物种，呼吁人们要保护野生动物。
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：正如我们所知，大量的野生动物因吃肉而被杀。分析句子可知，本句主语是a large number of wild animals为复数，谓语也要用复数形式，故将has改为have。
考查数词。句意：结果，成千上万的动物要么灭绝，要么成为濒危物种。数词thousand加of要加s，意为“成千上万”，根据句意，故将thousand 改为thousands。
考查固定搭配。句意：同上。either…or…，意为“或者…或者…”，根据句意和语境，故将and改为or。
考查动名词。句意：事实上，保护野生动物有利于动物和人类。分析句子可知，protect wild animals为主语，应用动名词形式，故将protect改为protecting。
考查固定短语。句意：例如，如果农民杀死太多的老鹰，他们的玉米和谷物就会被老鼠破坏。短语for example，意为“例如”，根据句意，故将an删除。
考查表语从句。句意：原因是没有老鹰来捕食老鼠，它们的数量会迅速增加。分析句子可知，because with no eagles to hunt rats, their number would increase rapid接在be动词之后为表语从句，从句不缺少成分，也不缺少意义，应用that连接，故将because改为that。
考查表语从句。句意：同上。分析句子可知，rapid修饰动词increase作状语，应用副词，故将rapid改为rapidly。
考查代词。句意：因此，我们所有人都必须尽我们所能来保护野生动物。分析句子可知，从句的主语指代应和主句的主语保持一致，根据句意，故将they改为we。
考查定语从句。句意：至于我，我已经加入了我们镇上的一个组织，其目的是呼吁人们保护野生动物，我已经参加了几个活动。分析句子可知，which aim is to call on people to protect wild animals为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an organization，引导词在从句中作定语，故将which改为whose。
考查固定短语。句意：同上。短语take part in，意为“参加…”，根据句意，故在take part后加in。
第二节:书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是李华，你校英文报“校园生活(School Life)”栏目正在征文，请你以“Be a Responsible Person”为题，用英文写一篇短文投稿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Be a Responsible Person
Responsibility is one of the most important human qualities. Responsible people can be trusted, and this benefits both the person and the people counting on him. No one can become successful without a good sense of responsibility.
What does responsibility mean for us students? Firstly, being responsible means making our own choices, attending classes or handing in homework on time, and cleaning our own rooms. Secondly, being responsible means caring about others in social communication. We should not break our promises, or hurt friends and family members. Instead, we should help them when they are in need of help. Finally, as we are all members of our country, we need to obey the laws, regulations and rules of the country. We also need to do some voluntary work for our community.
Being responsible, I’m sure I will contribute to the world through knowledge-learning and hard-working.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇以“Be a Responsible Person”为题，为你校英文报“校园生活(School Life)”栏目投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
依靠：count on→ depend on
帮助：help → aid
最后：Finally → At length
对……作贡献：contribute to → make a contribution to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：No one can become successful without a good sense of responsibility.
拓展句：No one can become successful if they don’t have a good sense of responsibility.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Instead, we should help them when they are in need of help. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】Being responsible, I’m sure I will contribute to the world through knowledge-learning and hard-working. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)