


备战中考英语易错题精编 易错点10 动词的时态和语态 (原卷版)
展开中高考易错题的重要性
中考冲刺阶段,除了知识点的总结,进行模块化的复习和整理以外,对于易错的题型也是冲刺阶段必备的。复习板块之一。我们通常都说冲刺阶段一定要回归课本,对于基础的知识点以及知识的应用能力的提高是迫在眉睫的。那么易错体对于提升知识的应用能力以及巩固基础来说是非常重要的一个环节。
首先,冲刺阶段的易错题能够帮助我们快速的查缺补漏,总结经验教训,知识梳理,提高知识的应用能力。
其次,通过对错题分析,其中涉及到的知识点以及考点的分析与总结,它能够减少我们复习过程当中同类型的题或者是同一知识点的犯错频率。
第三,对于错题集的复习,最简单的方法就是盖住答案,然后重新来做一遍,从分析的角度条件的分析以及技巧的使用三个方面进行逐一的排除。
第四,在这些错题当中,并非所有的错题都是每个同学易错的,那么在第一遍的错题复习当中,我们就要进行排除,筛选出符合自己特点错题及其针对性也才更强。
如果自己已经完全掌握的,那么就当是对于知识点的再一次复习。这样的错题对于提升自己的能力来说也才是起到了最大的作用。
易错点10 动词的时态和语态
01 has gone to和has been to的区别和用法
(2020 •贵州铜仁市)—Maria, what do you think of Mount Fanjing?
—Very cool. I________ there once. I’d like to go there again.
A. has been B. have been C. have gone D. has gone
此题学生容易做错的原因是分不清has gone to和has been to的用法:
somebody has gone to +表示地点的名词:意思某人去了某个地方(有可能在还在路上,有可能到达了某个地方,但是还没有回来)
Tom has gone to America. 汤姆去了美国(有可能还在去美国路上,有可能已经抵达美国)
somebody has been to + 表示地点的名词:意思某人曾经过去过地方(但是现在已经不在那个地方了)
Tom has been to America. 汤姆曾经过去过美国(现在已经不在美国了)
现在完成时中been to,gone to和been in/at been to去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用。
She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里)
gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地。
She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不在这里) 她已经去了上海。
been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间),常和for ten days,since I came here等连用。
She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 自从她搬到那以后,她就一直住在上海。
02 现在完成时用法
(2021·湖北鄂州市·中考真题)—Would you like something to drink?
—No, thanks. I _____ some tea already.
A.have drunk B.was drinking C.will drink D.drink
此题考查现在完成时,现在完成时是中考常考的考点,考生掌握住现在完成时的用法,是做对这类题的关键。
现在完成时用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响"照片不在这里"。
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如:
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
注意:for和since的用法。
①for + 时间段 译为:……时间
②since + 过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)
③since + 时间段 + ago
④since + 从句(过去时)
⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)
注意:瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时,要改变成延续性动词。变化如下:
come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over
open→be open die→be dead buy→have
Fall ill→be ill Come back→be back Put on→be on/wear
Worry→be worried Catch a cold→have a cold
现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态,因此,具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。
1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用,如"for+时间段","since+时间点"。如:
We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。
We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。学科%网
从以上两个例句我们可以看出,与表示一段时间的状语连用时,谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。
2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用,如already, never, ever, just等。如:
I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
她唱得多美啊!我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。
3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如:
How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何?
The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.
那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。
Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗?
The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.
迄今为止,布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。
注意:现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. 侧重点不同
现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去,但它们所强调的重点不同:现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响;而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间,即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果,而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如:
I have seen the film.
我看过这部电影。(现在我仍记得电影的内容)
I saw the film three days ago.
三天前我看了这部电影。(强调是三天前,而不是别的什么时候看的电影)
Mr Green has bought a new computer.
格林先生买了一台新电脑。(着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑)
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.
格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。(强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天)
2. 时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副词以及"for+段时间","since+过去时间/从句"等时间状语连用;而一般过去时则常与"时间段+ago",just now,yesterday,last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如:[来源:Zxxk.Com]
She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。
She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。
He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。
03 从句中的一般将来时用法
(2020 •北京市)If you take this train, you _________ in Shanghai in five hours.
A. arrive B. will arrive C. arrived D. have arrived
此题考查一般将来时的用法,该句为if引导的条件状语从句,遵循主将从现的原则。考生掌握在什么情况下用将来时,更容易作对这类题。
一般将来时
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:
tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon,
the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
1. 基本结构:
①be going to + do; ②will+ do.
I am going to sing in the singing competition next week.
Sally will have dance lessons this weekend.
2. 否定句和疑问句:
⑴ 否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或will后加not,常缩略为won’t。例如:
He isn’t going to practice the piano this month.
Tony won’t visit the Great Wall next summer.
⑵ 在一般疑问句中,通常把be或will提到句首。例如:
Are you going to see your grandmother next month?
Will you watch a football game tomorrow?
3. There be句型的一般将来时
该句型的一般将来时也有两种形式:“there is/are going to be…”和“there will be…”。如:
There will be a nice concert tonight.(There is going to be a concert tonight.
一般疑问句为“Will there be…或Is/Are there going to be…?”,对应的肯定回答Yes, there will. (Yes, there is/ are.);否定回答为:No, there won’t.( No, there isn’t/ aren’t.)。例如:
Will there a heavy rain tomorrow?
Yes, there will. / No, there won’t.
04 被动语态特殊用法
(内蒙古呼和浩特市)The shop in Wanda Square _______for six years, but I ______there so far.
A. has opened; haven’t gone B. has been open; haven’t been
C. has been open; haven’t gone D. has been opened; haven’t been
被动语态的特殊情况:
1. 不能用被动语态的几种情况:
(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
(3)表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等。
(4)表示"希望、意图"的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
2. 主动形式表被动意义的情况:
(1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)当cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等词带状语修饰语时。
(3)当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词词组表示"发生、关闭、制定"等意思时。
(4)want,require,need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
(5)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
(6)在"be + 形容词 + to do"中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。
另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。
1.(2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题)—Mum, where is David?
— He _____ to see the science fiction film Back to the future.
A.is going B.goes C.has gone D.was going
2.(2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题)—Jack, how do you like the new movie Hi, Mom! directed(导演) by Jia Ling?
—Well, it’s really a funny movie. I _____ it for three times.
A.am watching B.will watch C.have watched
3.(2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题)—How clean the roads are!
—They _____ by the hard-working cleaners every day.
A.are cleaned B.clean C.will clean
4.(2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题)Over the past few months, Chinese COVID vaccines (疫苗) _____ in many other countries.
A.have arrived B.arrived C.will arrive D.had arrived
5.(2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题)—What were you doing at the time of the rainstorm yesterday?
—I _____ at the library after school.
A.read B.was reading C.am reading D.was read
6.(2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题)—Don’ make noise! The children _____ online.
—Sorry, I won’t.
A.studies B.are studying C.studied D.were studying
7.(2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题)—Your scarf is so beautiful! When did you buy it?
—On my 18th birthday. I _____ it for 6 years.
A.bought B.will have C.have had D.have bought
8.(2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题)—I often see Peter’s father play basketball on my way to school.
—That’s not strange. Not only Peter but also his father _____ sports.
A.enjoy B.enjoys C.enjoyed D.was enjoyed
9.(2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题)—Why are you in such a hurry?
—Because the class _____ for 10 minutes.
A.has been on B.has begun C.is on D.begins
10.(2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题)—The policewoman _____ the driver for breaking the traffic rules.
—That’s right. He’s explaining to her loudly over there.
A.is punishing B.was punishing C.would punish D.is punished
11.(2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题)—This math problem _____ in half an hour.
—Don’t worry. Mr. Wang is good at math. He can make it.
A.is working out B.would work out C.should be worked out D.has worked out
12.(2021·湖南邵阳市·中考真题)—COVID-19 is spreading wildly in India. Take care!
—Yes. More than 300,000 people _____ there.
A.die B.are dying C.have died
13.(2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题)— Dad, I can’t find my school ID card. Did you see it?
— No, I didn’t. I think you _____ it!
A.lose B.will lose C.have lost D.are losing
14.(2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题)— Eric, you _____ to go to the teachers’ office just now. What’s up?
— We aren’t allowed to bring phones to school. Em, but I broke the rule.
A.told B.tell C.are told D.were told
15.(2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题)—Has your father come back yet?
—No. He _____ come back _____ this Sunday.
A.doesn’t; until B.won’t; after C.doesn’t; after D.won’t; until
16.(2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题)—Look! There are some students _____ basketball on the playground.
—Yes. I often see them _____ basketball there.
A.play; play B.play; playing C.playing; play D.playing; playing
17.(2021·广西贺州市·中考真题)China ______ great achievements in science and technology since 1978.
A.makes B.made C.has made D.is made
18.(2021·广西贺州市·中考真题)I don’t know if Lucy _____ to Jack’s party next Sunday. If she _____, so will I.
A.goes; goes B.will go; will go C.goes; will go D.will go; goes
19.(2021·北京)—Peter, what are you doing?
—Oh, I _____ a report about national heroes.
A.will write B.am writing C.wrote D.have written
20.(2021·北京)My parents and I _____ trees last Sunday.
A.plant B.will plant C.are planting D.planted
21.(2021·北京)—Lily, what do you usually do after school?
—I _____ exercise with my friends.
A.do B.did C.will do D.was doing
22.(2021·北京)Mr. Smith _____ Chinese for two years. He’s much better at it now.
A.learns B.was learning C.has learned D.will learn
23.(2021·北京)Today, many winter Olympic sports _____ even by children.
A.enjoyed B.enjoy C.were enjoyed D.are enjoyed
中考英语二轮复习易错易混点专题 10 动词的时态和语态(含解析): 这是一份中考英语二轮复习易错易混点专题 10 动词的时态和语态(含解析),共18页。
备战中考英语易错题精编 易错点11 非谓语动词 (原卷版): 这是一份备战中考英语易错题精编 易错点11 非谓语动词 (原卷版),共9页。试卷主要包含了 动词不定式的作用, 不定式的特殊用法等内容,欢迎下载使用。
备战中考英语易错题精编 易错点10 动词的时态和语态 (解析版): 这是一份备战中考英语易错题精编 易错点10 动词的时态和语态 (解析版),共15页。
