高中英语高考2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重介词

这是一份高中英语高考2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重介词，共9页。试卷主要包含了in，n，at，ver，in，after，frm，since，fr，amazing　考查词形转换等内容，欢迎下载使用。
介词辨析
表示时间的介词
1．in，n，at，ver
(1)in表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如：
in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer，in January，in ne's thirties，in the mrning等。
(2)n表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。如：
n May 1st，n Mnday，n a cld night in January, n a fine mrning等。
(3)at表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间，也泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如：
at 3：20， at this time f year，at Christmas，at night，at this mment等。
(4)ver后面接一段时间，表示“超过……”或“在……期间”。如：
David Crum, the CEO f Geldart Sftware, annunced that the crpratin wuld pen three branches in Bangkk ver the next several mnths.
(5)在last，next，this，that，sme，every等词之前一律不用介词。如：
He went t Japan last year.
We meet every day.
2．in，after
(1)“in＋一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后。如：
My mther will cme back in three r fur days.
(2)“after＋一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。如：
He arrived after five mnths.
(3)“after＋具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如：
She will appear after five 'clck this afternn.
The rain began t fall after seven.
3．frm，since，fr
(1)frm后接具体时间，说明从什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如：
I hpe t d mrning exercises frm tday.
(2)since后接具体过去时间，表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。如：
We have nt seen each ther since 2010.
(3)fr后接一段时间，通常与完成时连用。如：
I have been in the army fr 5 years.
表地点的介词
1．at，in，n，t
(1)at表示在小地方或“在……附近；在……旁边”。如：
He arrived at the statin at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
(2)in表示在大地方或“在……范围之内”。如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Shandng lies in the east f China.
(3)n表示毗邻或接壤。如：
Russia lies n the nrth f China.
(4)t表示“在……范围外”，不强调是否接壤。如：
Japan is t the east f China.
2．abve，ver，n
(1)abve意为“在……上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直，与belw相对。如：
The bird is flying abve my head.
(2)ver意为“在……之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。ver强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。如：
There is a bridge ver the river.
(3)n意为“在……之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：
He put his watch n the desk.
表示运动方向的介词
1．acrss，ver，thrugh
(1)acrss表示从物体表面穿过，与n有关。如：
acrss the playgrund/square/desert/river
(2)ver表示动作是在空中进行的。如：
He jumped ver the wall.
(3)thrugh表示从物体里面穿过，与in有关。也可表示时间，指“(从开始到结束)经历了……”。如：
thrugh the pipe/frest/dr
We wrk hard all thrugh the year.
2．in，int
(1)in通常表示静态，意为“在……里面”。如：
We walked in the park.
我们在公园里走着。
(2)int通常表示动态，意为“进入到……里面”。如：
We walked int the park.
我们走进了公园。
表示原因的介词
1．fr表示原因时，常与srry，famus，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用。如：
I am srry fr what I said t yu.
2．at表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到……而……”。如：
He was surprised at the news.
3．frm常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。如：
He died frm the wund.
4．f多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等。如：
The ld man died f hunger.
5．with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如：
Hearing the news, he jumped with jy.
He was shaking with anger.
6．by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如：
She tk yur umbrella by mistake.
她错拿了你的雨伞。
7．ver一般用于cry，weep，laugh等带有感情色彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因。如：
She wept ver the death f her daughter.
We laughed ver the victry.
8．because f表示引起结果的直接原因。如：
He retired last mnth because f his illness.
9．thanks t表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常意为“幸亏……，多亏……”。如：
Thanks t Jhn, we wn the game.
表示计量的介词
1．at表示“以……速度；以……价格”。如：
It flies at abut 900 kilmeters an hur.
I sld my car at a high price.
2．fr表示“用……交换；以……为代价”。如：
He sld his car fr 500 dllars.
注意：at表示单价，fr表示总钱数。
3．by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。如：
They paid him by the mnth.
注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。
表示工具或手段的介词
1．by意为“用某种方式”，后面的名词不带冠词。如：
I went there by bus.
2．with表示“用某种工具”，后面的名词需带冠词。如：
He brke the windw with a stne.
3．in表示“用”时，后面的宾语不带冠词，且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如：
I hate letters written in pencil.
We will never frget this histrical lessn written in bld.
4．n表示“以……方式”，多用于固定词组。如：
They talked n the telephne.
She learns English n the radi/n TV.
表示“在……之间”的介词
1．between表示在两者之间。如：
Yu are t sit between yur father and me.
2．amng表示在三者或三者以上之间。如：
He is always happy amng his classmates.
3．有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，但强调多者中的两两关系时用between。如：
Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.
Pay attentin t the relatinship between the sentences in yur cmpsitin.
表示“除了”的介词
1．besides表示“除……之外，还有……”。如：
We all went t see the film besides yu.
除你之外我们也都去看电影了。
2．except表示“除……外，把……除去”。如：
We all went t see the film except yu.
除你之外我们都去看电影了。
3．but与except同义，但多用于不定代词n ne/nbdy/nthing/everything/all和副词nwhere/anywhere以及疑问代词wh之后。如：
I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.
4．except fr表示“如无……就……，只是……”，多表明理由细节。如：
His diary is gd except fr a few spelling mistakes.
5．except that表示“除……外，把……除去”，后面接句子。如：
I knw nthing abut him except that he is frm Beijing.
6．apart frm在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except fr的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：
Apart frm/Besides English，he has a gd cmmand f Russian and French.
He has n interests，apart frm/except his wrk.
It's a gd paper，apart frm/except fr a few spelling mistakes.
介词的搭配、介词短语
1．名词词组：如n the cntrary相反；in turn依次；in ne's pinin根据某人的看法；n time准时；ut f reach够不着
2．动词词组：如remind sb. f sth.提醒某人某事；rb sb. f sth.抢劫某人的……；result frm由……引起；call at访问(某地)
3．形容词词组：如be curius abut对……好奇；be prud f因……而自豪；be ppular with受到……的欢迎
4．介词短语：如apart frm除……之外；in additin t除……之外(还)；because f因为；instead f代替；in fear f为……提心吊胆；fr fear f以免；in case f防备，万一；thanks t由于；in the middle f在……中间accrding t根据；in frnt f在……前面；in return fr作为对……的回报；in charge f负责；as a result f作为……的结果；in exchange fr与……交换等。

高考语法填空选练题
【2018高考选练】语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Michael lves scuba­diving. By 9, he was an extrardinary swimmer and a gd listener in the pl.
Michael's first dive, __1__， was truly unfrgettable. Instead f using a bat, the plan was t g dwn a ladder at the bat and drp int abut 15 feet f water. Everything went __2__ (perfect). His instructr Plly led him t the nearby reef. While __3__ (explre) the reef in 27 feet f water, Michael suddenly signaled a prblem with his mask. Plly signaled back fr him t clear it. He cleared it __4__ then later signaled the prblem again. His mask was cmpletely flded with water. Michael made a sign __5__ he wanted t g up. Plly signaled, “N! Stay with me！”
Accrding t Plly, even thugh scuba __6__ (train) teaches new divers hw t deal with flded masks, many beginners panic the first time water fills their masks during an actual dive. Michael wasn't like many beginners, thugh. He didn't panic. He did __7__ (exact) what he learned t d during his years. He stayed calm, __8__ (think) it thrugh, and fllwed Plly's __9__ (instruct). Plly gradually led Michael t an area with shallwer water. The grup swam tgether back t the shre fr a celebratin f Michael's __10__ (amaze) accmplishment.
【文章大意】 Michael 是一名潜水员。最值得一提的就是他第一次潜水的时候突遇意外，其他人可能已经惊慌失措，可是他却与众不同。
解析：
1．hwever 考查上下文语境。根据第一段中的 he was an extrardinary swimmer 可知他是一名非常优秀的潜水员，结合下文可知这里表示“但是他的第一次潜水却永生难忘”，是转折关系，而且本空缺少的是副词，能这样使用的是hwever。
2．perfectly 考查词形转换。本空缺少的是副词，修饰谓语动词 went。
3．explring 考查状语从句的省略。当主句和从句的主语一致，而且从句中含有 be 动词的时候，从句中的主语和 be 动词可以省略。从句中 explre 的逻辑主语是 Michael，动作是主动发出的，所以用 explring。
4．but 考查连词。前后是转折关系，这里需要一个表示转折关系的并列连词。
5．that 考查同位语从句。句中的 he wanted t g up 解释名词 sign，所以这是一个同位语从句。
6．training 考查词形转换。这里指的是 Michael 接受的要成为一名潜水员所必需的“训练”，所以用名词 training 作主语。
7．exactly 考查词形转换。这里用 exactly 修饰动词 d。
8．thught 考查动词的时态。本句中含有三个连续的过去的动作，所以应该使用 think 的过去式。
9．instructins 考查词形转换。本空需要一个名词与fllw构成动宾短语；而 instructin意为“指示”时是一个可数名词，因此须用其复数形式。
10．amazing 考查词形转换。Michael临危不惧，取得了令人惊讶的成就。这里用 amazing修饰accmplishment。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
【2016高考训练】
CHICAGO(Reuters)-Smking nt nly can wrinkle(皱纹)the face and turn it yellw—it can d the same t the whle bdy, researchers reprted n Mnday.
The study, published in the Archives f Dermatlgy, shws that smking affects the skin all ver the bdy-even skin prtected frm the sun.
“We examined nn-facial skin that was prtected frm the sun, and fund that the ttal number f packs, f cigarette smked per day and the ttal years a persn has smked were linked with the amunt f skin damage a persn experienced, ”Dr. Ylanda, wh led the study, said in a statement.
“In participants lder than 65 years, smkers had significantly mre fine wrinkling than nnsmkers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 t 65 years. ” Ylanda’s team added in their reprt.
The researchers tested 82 peple, smkers and nnsmkers, taking pictures f the inner right arms. They ranged, in age frm 22 t 91 and half were smkers. In dependent judges decided hw wrinkled each persn’s skin was.
When skin is expsed t sunlight, especially the face, it becmes carse(粗糙的). Wrinkled and disclred with a pale yellw tint, Ylanda's team wrte.
Several previus studies have fund that cigarette smking led t premature(过早的)skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been dne t measure the aging f skin nt expsed t light.
The reprt did nt discuss die mechanism invlved but previus research has fund that cigarette smke, amng ther things, causes bld vessels(血管)beneath the skin t cnstrict(紧缩), reducing bld supply t the skin.
Smking can als damage the cnnective tissue(组织)that supprts bth die skin and the internal rgans.
1. The best title fr this passage wuld be ______________.
A. The danger f smkingB. Smking causes skin aging
C. Quit smking fr health D. A survey f smkers
2. Accrding t the passage, hw wrinkled a persn’s skin is desn’t relate t ___________.
A. the number f cigarettes a persn smkesB. the kind and characteristics f skin
C. hw lng a persn smkesD. hw lng skin is under sunlight
3. Frm the passage smking results in skin aging mainly because ____________.
A. it will lwer bld supply t skinB. it can make yu feel tired
C. it can make skin cme ffD. it can make bld run faster
4. The main purpse f the passage is t ____________.
A. infrm peple abut the study f skinB. advise peple hw t prtect skin
C. warn peple nt t smke againD. intrduce a new way f avid skin aging
参考答案1—4、BBAC