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北京卷- 2023年中考英语摸底卷（原卷版+解析版）
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这是一份北京卷- 2023年中考英语摸底卷（原卷版+解析版），文件包含北京市统考卷-2023年中考英语摸底卷解析版docx、北京市统考卷-2023年中考英语摸底卷原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。
2023年中考英语摸底卷
北京市统考卷
（满分60分，考试时间90分钟）
第一部分
本部分共33题，共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。
一、单项填空（每题0.5分，共6分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．Zhang Guimei ________ in less-developed areas for 40 years.
A．works B．is working C．has worked D．will work
【答案】C
【解析】句意：张桂梅已经在欠发达地区工作40年了。
考查现在完成时。根据“for 40 years”可知她已经在欠发达地区工作40年了，句子应用现在完成时，谓语结构是have/has done。故选C。
2．—Tony, do you know________?
—Yes. It’s behind the big supermarket.
A．where is the nearest cinema B．where the nearest cinema is
C．where was the nearest cinema D．where the nearest cinema was
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——汤姆，你知道最近的电影院在哪里吗？——知道。它在大超市的后面。
考查宾语从句。根据“do you know…”可知，此处是宾语从句，故应该用陈述语序，排除A、C项。根据答语“It’s behind the big supermarket.”可知，be动词用is。故选B。
3．—Tom, ________ you finish your homework in ten minutes?
—Yes, I can.
A．must B．should C．need D．can
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——汤姆，你能在十分钟内完成你的作业吗？——是的，我能。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须；should应该；need需要；can能。根据答语“Yes, I can”可知空处应用can，故选D。
4．— ________ do you look worried, Mike?
—I lost my new bike.
A．How B．When C．Where D．Why
【答案】D
【解析】——你为什么看起来很烦恼，Mike？——我丢失了我的自行车。how如何；when什么时候；where哪里；why为什么。根据“I lost my new bike.”可知，提问的是Mike烦恼的原因。故选D。
5．We planted some trees ________ the park yesterday.
A．on B．to C．in D．of
【答案】C
【解析】句意：昨天我们在公园里种了一些树。
考查介词词义辨析。on在……上面；to到，往；in在……里面；of……的。结合语境，in the park意为“在公园里”，故选C。
6．This pair of shoes are nice, ________ I don’t like the color.
A．for B．so C．but D．or
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这双鞋不错，但我不喜欢它的颜色。
考查连词辨析。for因为；so因此；but但是；or或者。“This pair of shoes are nice”与“I don’t like the color”是转折关系，用but符合语境。故选C。
7．My mother takes good care of my grandpa. She is ________ than ever before.
A．patient B．more patient C．most patient D．the most patient
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我的妈妈照顾我的爷爷。她比以前更有耐心了。
考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知应用比较级；patient“耐心的”，比较级为more patient。故选B。
8．Look at the sign. You ________ take photos in this museum.
A．wouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：看这个标志。禁止在这个博物馆里拍照。
考查情态动词辨析。couldn’t不能；needn’t不需要；mustn’t禁止；wouldn’t将不。根据“Look at the sign...take photos in this museum.”及常识可知，应该是“禁止拍照”，应用mustn’t。故选C。
9．I think playing baseball is ________ than any other sport.
A．interesting B．more interesting
C．most interesting D．the most interesting
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我认为打棒球比其他任何运动都更有趣。
考查比较级。根据“than any other sport”可知句子含有比较意味，表达比其他任何运动都“更有趣”，用“more interesting”。故选B。
10．—Excuse me, ________ is this coat?
—It’s 168 yuan.
A．how many B．how old C．how long D．how much
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——请问，这件外套多少钱？——168元。
考查疑问词词组。how many多少；how old几岁；how long多长时间；how much多少钱。根据“It’s 168 yuan.”可知，空处是询问价格，所以用how much。故选D。
11．I ________ you for two years. I miss you very much.
A．don’t see B．won’t see C．didn’t see D．haven’t seen
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我有两年没见到你了。我非常想念你。
考查动词的时态。根据“for two years”和语境可知，表示已经两年没见面了，用现在完成时have/has done，否定在助动词后加not。故选D。
12．Nancy is happy ________ she has got a new idea for her history project.
A．because B．while C．if D．though
【答案】A
【解析】句意：Nancy很开心，因为她对她的历史项目有了新的想法。
考查连词辨析。because因为；while当……时候；if如果；though虽然。分析语境可知，前后两句是因果关系，前果后因，用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。
二、完形填空（每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
I was a boy of nine in 1960. I used to mow the lawn for Mrs. Long. She paid me little for the job, but promised to give me a Christmas ____13____.
I spent much time wondering what it would be. Many boys had baseball gloves or ice skates and I was eager to have any of these. “It would hardly be a baseball glove,” I ____14____ with myself.” She wouldn’t know much about baseball.” So I was quite sure that she would give me ice skates. I even imagined myself upon the skates.
As Christmas was coming, it was ____15____ for me not to ask Mrs. Long for my present. On December 22, I presented myself at the door of the house. Mrs. Long handed me a small box which couldn’t hold a pair of skates. I was ____16____. When lifting it from her, I was curious about the lightness of the present. It weighed almost nothing.
“What is it?” I asked.
“A kind of magic,” she said. Her words were enough to set my mind dancing with new ____17____.
On Christmas morning, I had this box on my knees. With great excitement I opened the box to find inside ten sheets (纸张) of black paper, each written in colorful letters, Carbon Paper Regal Premium. “What is it?” I asked. Mum took two pieces of white paper, ____18____ between them one of the black paper, and wrote my name on the upper sheet. Then she handed me the second sheet without her pencil touching. There was my name!
It was a miracle (奇迹) to my childish mind. In that one moment, I remembered the ____19____ about the duplication (复制) of words and the printing. Thank Mrs. Long for her wisdom to guess that a boy might ____20____ from a present completely outside of his ordinary experience.
13．A．present B．letter C．card D．baseball
14．A．checked B．reasoned C．expected D．complained
15．A．sad B．happy C．difficult D．patient
16．A．excited B．anxious C．pleasant D．disappointed
17．A．energy B．surprise C．possibilities D．confidence
18．A．played B．placed C．noticed D．hoped
19．A．ideas B．papers C．choices D．suggestions
20．A．spread B．keep C．teach D．benefit
【短文大意】
本文主要讲述了作者帮朗太太除草，她答应作者在圣诞节给他一份礼物，当收到礼物时作者掂量着盒子的分量感到很失望，待打开礼物之后，发现这份礼物给了他不一样的惊喜。
【答案解析】
13．句意：但她答应给我一份圣诞礼物。
present礼物；letter信件；card卡片；baseball棒球。根据“ask Mrs. Long for my present”可知，答应给一份圣诞礼物，故选A。
14．句意：我跟自己推理。
checked检查；reasoned推理；expected期待；complained抱怨。根据“It would hardly be a baseball glove”及“She wouldn’t know much about baseball”可知，作者自己在推理究竟会收到什么礼物，故选B。
15．句意：圣诞节快到了，我很难不向朗太太要礼物。
sad难过的；happy开心的；difficult困难的；patient耐心的。根据“On December 22, I presented myself at the door of the house”可知，圣诞节快到了，作者就赶紧去向她要礼物，所以此处是指很难不去要，故选C。
16．句意：我很失望。
excited兴奋的；anxious焦虑的；pleasant愉快的；disappointed失望的。根据“It weighed almost nothing”可知，装礼物的盒子很轻，这让作者很失望，故选D。
17．句意：她的话足以让我的心在新的可能性中起舞。
energy能源；surprise惊讶；possibilities可能性；confidence自信。根据“Her words were enough to set my mind dancing with new”可知，本来作者是失望的，听了她的话，又让作者觉得有了新的可能性，故选C。
18．句意：妈妈拿了两张白纸，把其中一张黑纸夹在中间，把我的名字写在上面那张纸上。
played玩；placed存放；noticed注意到；hoped希望。根据“between them one of the black paper”可知，把其中一张黑纸夹在中间，故选B。
19．句意：在那一刻，我想起了关于文字复制和印刷的想法。
ideas想法；papers试卷；choices选择；suggestions建议。根据“about the duplication (复制) of words and the printing”可知，有了关于文字复制和印刷的想法，故选A。
20．句意：感谢朗太太的智慧，她猜到一个男孩可能会从一件完全不同于他平常经验的礼物中受益。
spread传播；keep保持；teach教；benefit得益于。根据“from a present completely outside of his ordinary experience”可知，从这个特殊的礼物中受益匪浅，故选D。
三、阅读理解（每题2分，共26分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
A
Every week, Liu Fang, a 38-year-old media worker in Beijing, goes to a store which sells near-expired (将要过期的) food in Sanlitun and returns with a bag of snacks or drinks.
“The price tags on these goods have caught my eye. They are often sold at 10% to 30% of the market price,” Liu said. “More importantly, most of them are from big brands(品牌). Why wouldn’t I love them?”
Liu is among the increasing number of Chinese people who enjoy buying near-expired food at much cheaper prices. According to the latest report by iiMedia Research, the near-expired food industry had a market size of over 30 billion yuan in 2020. 47.8% of the consumers (消费者) are aged between 26 and 35.
Unlike the traditional thinking that buying such goods makes them feel shy, more and more young people consider it as a kind of sustainable consumption (可持续消费) that can help reduce food waste.
“I don’t care much about the date as long as I can eat it before its expiry. It meets my needs while saving resources and protecting the environment, which is a good thing,” Wu Lin, a 19-year-old college student and a fan of near-expired food, told Xinhua.
Actually, food waste is a great challenge for China and other countries. According to a 2020 report from the National People’s Congress, about 18 billion kilograms of food is wasted every year in China’s urban catering industry (城镇餐饮业).
“As more Chinese people choose to buy near-expired food, the food waste will be reduced,” said Liu.
According to CGTN, China had the tradition of saving food leading to the 1990s.
As people’s lives improved greatly, many began to make or order more food than could be consumed, CGTN reported. But the trend (趋势) of buying near-expired food may suggest that the Chinese virtue (美德) of frugality (节约) is coming back.
“I’ve been very frugal all my life. Living through a serious famine (饥荒), I’m used to saving every grain and every penny,” a woman born in the 1950s, told CGTN. “I’m happy to see more young people joining our group.”
21．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Old consumers don’t like near-expired snacks or drinks.
B．Most of food from big brands is at cheaper prices in Sanlitun.
C．Liu Fang goes to Sanlitun to sell near-expired food every week.
D．More Chinese people enjoy buying near-expired food at much cheaper prices now.
22．What is the influence of buying near-expired food in China according to CGTN?
A．Young people won’t buy expensive things.
B．People don’t like caring about the production date.
C．More and more people won’t buy food at right prices.
D．The Chinese virtue of frugality may return to our daily life.
23．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The Chinese traditional virtue of frugality.
B．The success of the near-expired food business.
C．A new shopping trend among young consumers.
D．Different opinions about buying near-expired food.
【短文大意】
本文主要讲述了越来越多的年轻人认为购买过期食品是一种可持续的消费，可以帮助减少食物浪费。
【答案解析】
21．细节理解题。根据“Liu is among the increasing number of Chinese people who enjoy buying near-expired food at much cheaper prices.”可知，现在越来越多的中国人喜欢以更便宜的价格购买临近过期的食品。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据“But the trend (趋势) of buying near-expired food may suggest that the Chinese virtue (美德) of frugality (节约) is coming back.”可知，据中国国际电视台报道，在中国购买临近过期的食品可能会使中国人节俭的美德回归到日常生活中。故选D。
23．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了越来越多的年轻人认为购买过期食品是一种可持续的消费，可以帮助减少食物浪费。故选项C“年轻消费者的新购物潮流。”符合题意。故选C。
B
Jane was from a small village in South Africa. Her family was poor and noodles were their only food. Her parents couldn’t afford to pay the electricity bill, so she had to study by candle light.
What was worse, to live on, her parents moved to a faraway village with other four children. As for Jane, she didn’t want to give up learning and she dreamed of entering a famous university. She stuck to (坚守) living alone in her village.
After Jane’s parents left, she lived a difficult life. Having no place to live in, the homeless girl had to sleep on the back seat of the school bus. Luckily, Mrs. Brown, a school bus driver, learnt about Jane’s situation and invited Jane to live with her family. Soon, Jane found a job in her school. She helped in the school kitchen from 6:00 am to 7:40 am before the first school bell rang. She also swept floor and picked up rubbish in the afternoons. With the money she got from the work, she paid for her education. And she stayed up late in the evenings studying for all kinds of exams day after day.
Jane’s hard work made a difference to her life. She finished high school in Cape Town and was accepted by Harvard, one of the most famous universities in the world, with full scholarship (奖学金). The 18-year-old girl surprised the world.
24．Why did Jane stick to living alone in the village?
A．She could eat enough food in the village. B．She had to pay the electricity bill herself.
C．She didn’t want to give up her dream. D．She didn’t want to leave her friends.
25．According to the passage, which is NOT right?
A．Mrs. Brown helped Jane find a good job on the bus.
B．Jane was invited to live with the school driver’s family.
C．Jane paid for her education with the money she got from the work.
D．Jane was accepted by Harvard when she was 18 years old.
26．What have we learnt from the passage?
A．Harvard has changed Jane’s life. B．Any success is depended on one’s effort.
C．Jane’s success belongs to the bus driver. D．A girl born in a poor family is easier to succeed.
【短文大意】
本文主要讲述出身贫穷的简在通过自己的不懈努力后考上哈佛大学的故事，启发我们任何成功都是靠个人努力的。
【答案解析】
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“As for Jane, she didn’t want to give up learning and she dreamed of entering a famous university. ”可知，简不想放弃学习，她梦想中进入一所著名的大学。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“Soon, Jane found a job in her school. She helped in the school kitchen from 6:00 am to 7:40 am before the first school bell rang.”可知，简在学校找到一份工作，在学校厨房里帮忙，选项A“布朗太太帮简在公交车上找到一份好工作”是错误的。故选A。
26．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，出身贫穷的简在通过自己的不懈努力后考上哈佛大学，选项B“任何成功都是靠个人努力的”符合原文。故选B。
C
Background knowledge is the knowledge a person has about the world when he or she starts to read a text. It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading. Put simply, the more you know about a topic, the easier it is for you to read a text, understand it, and remember the information.
To understand this, here are two points. First, background knowledge enables readers to choose between different meanings of words. For example, if you read the word “operation” in a sports article, you might think about a sportsperson with a serious injury（伤）. But if you read the word in a math text, you’d think about a mathematical process. Second, understanding a text requires readers to fill missing information and make inferences. To do this, readers need to have some basic knowledge about the topic.
Students get background knowledge both through personal experiences and by learning in the classroom. Then how can teachers help students build background knowledge? Here are some suggestions.
Begin by teaching words in categories（类别）. For example, teachers can try something as simple as this: “Apples, bananas, strawberries, mangoes. They are a type of...（fruit）. Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）.
________. Reading builds knowledge, but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics. Teachers can try a different way: encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic.
Use multimedia（多媒体）. Direct experiences are the most effective ways to build knowledge. There is nothing more exciting for students than learning through direct experiences, such as field trips and other activities. Although multimedia cannot replace real-life experiences, it can often provide a lot of information that we could only wish to experience firsthand. It can also introduce children to important words and concepts.
Background knowledge is important in a student’s ability to fully understand a text. Teachers’ efforts can help students become stronger thinkers and life-long readers and learners.
27．The writer talks about the word “operation” in Paragraph 2 to explain________.
A．what background knowledge is
B．why background knowledge is important
C．when people need background knowledge
D．how people develop background knowledge
28．Which of the following would be the best topic sentence for Paragraph 5?
A．Make wide reading interesting.
B．Introduce different topics to students.
C．Encourage topic-centered wide reading.
D．Help students find their favourite books.
29．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Vocabulary is the greatest difficulty in understanding a text.
B．Making inferences has little connection with background knowledge.
C．Multimedia is more useful than direct experiences in building knowledge.
D．Developing vocabulary and concepts can help build background knowledge.
【短文大意】
本文主要讲述了背景知识在阅读中起着重要的作用，并针对“教师如何帮助学生建立背景知识”这一问题提出了几点建议。
【答案解析】
27．推理判断题。根据“It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading.”及第二段“To understand this, here are two points. ”可知，第二段主要是在解释为什么背景知识很重要，所以作者举这个例子是为了说明这一点。故选B。
28．推理判断题。根据“but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics..... encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic.”可知，本段主要是介绍鼓励孩子尽可能多地阅读自己感兴趣的同一主题的书籍，C项“鼓励以主题为中心的广泛阅读”最适合作为主题句。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据“Begin by teaching words in categories”和“Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）.”可知，增加词汇量，发展概念可以帮助建立背景知识。故选D。
D
Human activity is changing the surface and temperature of our planet. But new research shows it is also changing the sound of oceans and seas. Scientists say these changes affect （影响）many sea animals—from very small fish to huge whales.
Sound travels very far underwater. For fish, sound is a better way to sense their environment than light. They use sounds to communicate with each other. Sounds also help some ocean animals find food and avoid their hunters. Sounds help fish and other sea animals survive（生存）.
However, increased noise from humans is making it harder for these animals to hear each other. The noise comes from shipping traffic, underwater oil and gas exploration, and other noisy human activity. For many sea animals, their efforts to communicate are being masked （被掩盖）by sounds that humans have introduced. Experts explain the term masking, which happens when one or more noises in the water block sound important to an ocean animal’s life.
The Red Sea is one of the world’s most important shipping passages. It is full of large ships traveling to Asia, Europe, and Africa. Some fish and other animals now avoid the noisiest areas. Also, the overall number of sea animals has gone down by about half since 1970. In some parts of the ocean, scientists now record fewer animals singing and calling than in the past.
Experts say that effects of noise on sea animals are not well understood. However, some studies suggest that noise may cause hearing loss. The stress from human noise might also affect the immune（免疫）system-an animal’s natural defense system. Many sea animals are showing higher levels of stress because of noise.
When people think of threats（威胁）facing the ocean, we often think of climate change, plastics, and overfishing. But noise pollution is another necessary thing we need to be monitoring. When it comes to something humans can do for the ocean, we need to think about how to make it quieter. Sound pollution may be easier to deal with than other ocean threats. You can reduce or turn off sound immediately. It’s not like plastics or climate change, which are much harder to undo.
30．According to the passage, sounds can help sea animals in many ways except ________.
A．blocking the sunshine outside B．searching for something to eat
C．getting away from their hunters D．communicating with each other
31．What can you know from the passage?
A．Noise does more harm to sea animals than humans realize.
B．Plastic pollution is the biggest threat facing oceans and seas.
C．Fish sense their environment better through light than sound.
D．The Red Sea is one of the most popular fishing areas in the world.
32．The underlined words “to undo” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “________”.
A．to involve the effort B．to promise the result C．to cancel the effects D．to forget the influences
33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Why Are Ocean Animals So Noisy? B．Helpful Ways to Save Ocean Animals.
C．Humans Are Making Oceans Too Noisy. D．Which Threat to Oceans Is the Biggest?
【短文大意】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍新的研究表明，人类活动正在改变地球上海洋的声音。科学家们说，海洋和其他水域声音的变化影响了许多海洋动物。
【答案解析】
30．细节理解题。根据“They use sounds to communicate with each other. Sounds also help some ocean animals find food and avoid their hunters. Sounds help fish and other sea animals survive.”可知，声音可以用来互相交流，也可以帮助一些海洋动物找到食物和躲避它们的猎人，还帮助鱼和其他海洋动物生存。 没有提到遮挡外面的阳光，故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据“When people think of threats facing the ocean, we often think of climate change, plastics, and overfishing. But noise pollution is another necessary thing we need to be monitoring.”可知，当人们想到海洋面临的威胁时，我们通常会想到气候变化、塑料制品和过度捕捞，但噪音污染是另一个我们需要监控的必要因素。所以噪音对海洋动物的危害比人类意识到的要大，故选A。
32．词句猜测题。分析“Sound pollution may be easier to deal with than other ocean threats. You can reduce or turn off sound immediately. It’s not like plastics or climate change, which are much harder to undo.”可知，声音污染可能比其他海洋威胁更容易处理，你可以立即减少或关闭声音，它不像塑料或气候变化，后者更难消除。此处“to undo”的意思是“更难消除、取消效果”，故选C。
33．最佳标题题。本文介绍新的研究表明，人类活动正在改变地球上海洋的声音。科学家们说，海洋和其他水域声音的变化影响了许多海洋动物。选项C“人类让海洋太喧闹了”符合主题，故选C。
第二部分
本部分共6题，共20分。根据题目要求，完成相应任务。
四、阅读表达（每题2分，共10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Touch down to Earth
China welcomed three heroic astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu home on April 16. This return ended the Shenzhou XIII astronauts’ six-month space mission. It also marks a major (重大的) breakthrough for China’s efforts in space.
In order to return home safety, they did a lot of preparation before leaving the space station.
If you are coming home after a long journey, you have to pack up. For astronauts in space, besides their personal belongings, they “packed” experimental data (数据) and samples, so they would be further researched on Earth.
The astronauts had to tidy up a large number of materials, including goods on the Tianzhou 3 cargo (货物) spacecraft, according to Zhong Weiwei, a researcher at the China Astronaut Research and Training Center.
Since the space station had no room service, the three astronauts needed to “clear the house” themselves. They collected a great amount of waste. This included leftover foods, sanitary (卫生) waste and waste from in-orbit experiments. The waste was then put into the orbital module (轨道舱), which burnt up as it reentered Earth’s atmosphere.
They also had to put all equipment in place correctly since there would be a gap of more than one month before the astronauts of Shenzhou XIV enter the space station, according to Zhong. They needed to make sure some items, such as gym equipment, were fixed to the walls to avoid floating and slipping (滑落).
Astronauts experienced microgravity for long periods of time during their stays on the space station, which had an effect on their bodies. This included a loss of fluid (体液) muscle atrophy (萎缩) as well as bone loss.
To ensure their safe and sound return, the three astronauts had been doing physical exercises to train their muscles for the return to Earth. Based on their in-orbit physical examinations and data, experts had customized (定制) exercise plans for each of them to ensure a safe landing.
Just like a house that will be vacant (空着的) for a long time must have it’s water and power switched off, astronauts checked everything before they left. Based on experience at home and abroad, they checked and adjusted 40 to 50 items to ensure that the space station could transmit valid parameters (参数) to the ground during subsequent unmanned missions.
34．When did the three astronauts return to earth safety?
________________________________________________________
35．What did they “pack” experimental data and samples for?
________________________________________________________
36．Where did they put the waste they collected?
________________________________________________________
37．How did experts help the three astronauts return?
________________________________________________________
38．What do you think of staying in space? Why do you think so?
________________________________________________________
【短文大意】
本文主要介绍了宇航员在返回地面前需要做哪些工作。
【答案解析】
34．根据“China welcomed three heroic astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu home on April 16”可知，在4月16日安全回到地面，故填On April 16.
35．根据“For astronauts in space, besides their personal belongings, they “packed” experimental data (数据) and samples, so they would be further researched on Earth”可知，为了可以在地球上进行进一步的研究，故填For that they could be further researched on Earth.
36．根据“They collected a great amount of waste. This included leftover foods, sanitary (卫生) waste and waste from in-orbit experiments. The waste was then put into the orbital module ”可知，把它放进了轨道舱，故填They put it into the orbital module.
37．根据“Based on their in-orbit physical examinations and data, experts had customized (定制) exercise plans for each of them to ensure a safe landing”可知，专家们为他们每个人定制了运动计划，以确保安全着陆，故填They customized exercise plans for each of them.
38．开放性题，答案合理即可。参考答案为I think it interesting. Because I can experience something different from staying on the Earth.
五、文段表达（10分）
39．假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter给你发邮件说自己最近经过多次尝试终于学会了做中国传统美食一饺子，开心不已。询问你在日常的学习和生活中，是否有过类似经历。请用英语回复一封邮件，分享一件你曾经尝试的新事物，学到了什么以及你的感受。
注意：根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
提示词语：
practice, overcome (克服), difficulty, proud
提示问题：
●What new thing have you ever tried to do?
●What have you learnt from your experience?
●How do you feel about it?
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your email. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your email. I know that you learned how to make dumplings. You’re so great. Now let me share my experience with you.
Since I watched the Winter Olympics Games in Beijing, I have been in love with skating. From then on, I began to make up my mind to learn it. But as soon as I stepped on the ice, I stumbled over myself. I found it difficult to learn skating. Although I practiced again and again, and fell again and again, when I thought of the athletes on the field, I didn’t give up. Soon I could skate quite well. I’m proud of myself.
From learning skating, I know while doing anything, we often meet many kinds of difficulties, but we shouldn’t lose heart, we should try our best to overcome them.
Yours,
Li Hua
,
【解析】1.题干解读：该题目是写一封电子邮件，向英国的朋友分享一件自己曾经尝试的新事物，并讲述一下自己学到了什么以及自己的感受，开头已给出，可适当发挥。
2.写作指导：本文主要采用第一人称来叙述；时态上在叙述经历时用一般过去时。写作时要适当使用一些副词和连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，结构清晰，表达具有条理性。
2023年中考英语摸底卷
北京市统考卷
（满分60分，考试时间90分钟）
第一部分
本部分共33题，共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。
一、单项填空（每题0.5分，共6分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．Zhang Guimei ________ in less-developed areas for 40 years.
A．works B．is working C．has worked D．will work
【答案】C
【解析】句意：张桂梅已经在欠发达地区工作40年了。
考查现在完成时。根据“for 40 years”可知她已经在欠发达地区工作40年了，句子应用现在完成时，谓语结构是have/has done。故选C。
2．—Tony, do you know________?
—Yes. It’s behind the big supermarket.
A．where is the nearest cinema B．where the nearest cinema is
C．where was the nearest cinema D．where the nearest cinema was
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——汤姆，你知道最近的电影院在哪里吗？——知道。它在大超市的后面。
考查宾语从句。根据“do you know…”可知，此处是宾语从句，故应该用陈述语序，排除A、C项。根据答语“It’s behind the big supermarket.”可知，be动词用is。故选B。
3．—Tom, ________ you finish your homework in ten minutes?
—Yes, I can.
A．must B．should C．need D．can
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——汤姆，你能在十分钟内完成你的作业吗？——是的，我能。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须；should应该；need需要；can能。根据答语“Yes, I can”可知空处应用can，故选D。
4．— ________ do you look worried, Mike?
—I lost my new bike.
A．How B．When C．Where D．Why
【答案】D
【解析】——你为什么看起来很烦恼，Mike？——我丢失了我的自行车。how如何；when什么时候；where哪里；why为什么。根据“I lost my new bike.”可知，提问的是Mike烦恼的原因。故选D。
5．We planted some trees ________ the park yesterday.
A．on B．to C．in D．of
【答案】C
【解析】句意：昨天我们在公园里种了一些树。
考查介词词义辨析。on在……上面；to到，往；in在……里面；of……的。结合语境，in the park意为“在公园里”，故选C。
6．This pair of shoes are nice, ________ I don’t like the color.
A．for B．so C．but D．or
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这双鞋不错，但我不喜欢它的颜色。
考查连词辨析。for因为；so因此；but但是；or或者。“This pair of shoes are nice”与“I don’t like the color”是转折关系，用but符合语境。故选C。
7．My mother takes good care of my grandpa. She is ________ than ever before.
A．patient B．more patient C．most patient D．the most patient
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我的妈妈照顾我的爷爷。她比以前更有耐心了。
考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知应用比较级；patient“耐心的”，比较级为more patient。故选B。
8．Look at the sign. You ________ take photos in this museum.
A．wouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：看这个标志。禁止在这个博物馆里拍照。
考查情态动词辨析。couldn’t不能；needn’t不需要；mustn’t禁止；wouldn’t将不。根据“Look at the sign...take photos in this museum.”及常识可知，应该是“禁止拍照”，应用mustn’t。故选C。
9．I think playing baseball is ________ than any other sport.
A．interesting B．more interesting
C．most interesting D．the most interesting
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我认为打棒球比其他任何运动都更有趣。
考查比较级。根据“than any other sport”可知句子含有比较意味，表达比其他任何运动都“更有趣”，用“more interesting”。故选B。
10．—Excuse me, ________ is this coat?
—It’s 168 yuan.
A．how many B．how old C．how long D．how much
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——请问，这件外套多少钱？——168元。
考查疑问词词组。how many多少；how old几岁；how long多长时间；how much多少钱。根据“It’s 168 yuan.”可知，空处是询问价格，所以用how much。故选D。
11．I ________ you for two years. I miss you very much.
A．don’t see B．won’t see C．didn’t see D．haven’t seen
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我有两年没见到你了。我非常想念你。
考查动词的时态。根据“for two years”和语境可知，表示已经两年没见面了，用现在完成时have/has done，否定在助动词后加not。故选D。
12．Nancy is happy ________ she has got a new idea for her history project.
A．because B．while C．if D．though
【答案】A
【解析】句意：Nancy很开心，因为她对她的历史项目有了新的想法。
考查连词辨析。because因为；while当……时候；if如果；though虽然。分析语境可知，前后两句是因果关系，前果后因，用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。
二、完形填空（每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
I was a boy of nine in 1960. I used to mow the lawn for Mrs. Long. She paid me little for the job, but promised to give me a Christmas ____13____.
I spent much time wondering what it would be. Many boys had baseball gloves or ice skates and I was eager to have any of these. “It would hardly be a baseball glove,” I ____14____ with myself.” She wouldn’t know much about baseball.” So I was quite sure that she would give me ice skates. I even imagined myself upon the skates.
As Christmas was coming, it was ____15____ for me not to ask Mrs. Long for my present. On December 22, I presented myself at the door of the house. Mrs. Long handed me a small box which couldn’t hold a pair of skates. I was ____16____. When lifting it from her, I was curious about the lightness of the present. It weighed almost nothing.
“What is it?” I asked.
“A kind of magic,” she said. Her words were enough to set my mind dancing with new ____17____.
On Christmas morning, I had this box on my knees. With great excitement I opened the box to find inside ten sheets (纸张) of black paper, each written in colorful letters, Carbon Paper Regal Premium. “What is it?” I asked. Mum took two pieces of white paper, ____18____ between them one of the black paper, and wrote my name on the upper sheet. Then she handed me the second sheet without her pencil touching. There was my name!
It was a miracle (奇迹) to my childish mind. In that one moment, I remembered the ____19____ about the duplication (复制) of words and the printing. Thank Mrs. Long for her wisdom to guess that a boy might ____20____ from a present completely outside of his ordinary experience.
13．A．present B．letter C．card D．baseball
14．A．checked B．reasoned C．expected D．complained
15．A．sad B．happy C．difficult D．patient
16．A．excited B．anxious C．pleasant D．disappointed
17．A．energy B．surprise C．possibilities D．confidence
18．A．played B．placed C．noticed D．hoped
19．A．ideas B．papers C．choices D．suggestions
20．A．spread B．keep C．teach D．benefit
【短文大意】
本文主要讲述了作者帮朗太太除草，她答应作者在圣诞节给他一份礼物，当收到礼物时作者掂量着盒子的分量感到很失望，待打开礼物之后，发现这份礼物给了他不一样的惊喜。
【答案解析】
13．句意：但她答应给我一份圣诞礼物。
present礼物；letter信件；card卡片；baseball棒球。根据“ask Mrs. Long for my present”可知，答应给一份圣诞礼物，故选A。
14．句意：我跟自己推理。
checked检查；reasoned推理；expected期待；complained抱怨。根据“It would hardly be a baseball glove”及“She wouldn’t know much about baseball”可知，作者自己在推理究竟会收到什么礼物，故选B。
15．句意：圣诞节快到了，我很难不向朗太太要礼物。
sad难过的；happy开心的；difficult困难的；patient耐心的。根据“On December 22, I presented myself at the door of the house”可知，圣诞节快到了，作者就赶紧去向她要礼物，所以此处是指很难不去要，故选C。
16．句意：我很失望。
excited兴奋的；anxious焦虑的；pleasant愉快的；disappointed失望的。根据“It weighed almost nothing”可知，装礼物的盒子很轻，这让作者很失望，故选D。
17．句意：她的话足以让我的心在新的可能性中起舞。
energy能源；surprise惊讶；possibilities可能性；confidence自信。根据“Her words were enough to set my mind dancing with new”可知，本来作者是失望的，听了她的话，又让作者觉得有了新的可能性，故选C。
18．句意：妈妈拿了两张白纸，把其中一张黑纸夹在中间，把我的名字写在上面那张纸上。
played玩；placed存放；noticed注意到；hoped希望。根据“between them one of the black paper”可知，把其中一张黑纸夹在中间，故选B。
19．句意：在那一刻，我想起了关于文字复制和印刷的想法。
ideas想法；papers试卷；choices选择；suggestions建议。根据“about the duplication (复制) of words and the printing”可知，有了关于文字复制和印刷的想法，故选A。
20．句意：感谢朗太太的智慧，她猜到一个男孩可能会从一件完全不同于他平常经验的礼物中受益。
spread传播；keep保持；teach教；benefit得益于。根据“from a present completely outside of his ordinary experience”可知，从这个特殊的礼物中受益匪浅，故选D。
三、阅读理解（每题2分，共26分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
A
Every week, Liu Fang, a 38-year-old media worker in Beijing, goes to a store which sells near-expired (将要过期的) food in Sanlitun and returns with a bag of snacks or drinks.
“The price tags on these goods have caught my eye. They are often sold at 10% to 30% of the market price,” Liu said. “More importantly, most of them are from big brands(品牌). Why wouldn’t I love them?”
Liu is among the increasing number of Chinese people who enjoy buying near-expired food at much cheaper prices. According to the latest report by iiMedia Research, the near-expired food industry had a market size of over 30 billion yuan in 2020. 47.8% of the consumers (消费者) are aged between 26 and 35.
Unlike the traditional thinking that buying such goods makes them feel shy, more and more young people consider it as a kind of sustainable consumption (可持续消费) that can help reduce food waste.
“I don’t care much about the date as long as I can eat it before its expiry. It meets my needs while saving resources and protecting the environment, which is a good thing,” Wu Lin, a 19-year-old college student and a fan of near-expired food, told Xinhua.
Actually, food waste is a great challenge for China and other countries. According to a 2020 report from the National People’s Congress, about 18 billion kilograms of food is wasted every year in China’s urban catering industry (城镇餐饮业).
“As more Chinese people choose to buy near-expired food, the food waste will be reduced,” said Liu.
According to CGTN, China had the tradition of saving food leading to the 1990s.
As people’s lives improved greatly, many began to make or order more food than could be consumed, CGTN reported. But the trend (趋势) of buying near-expired food may suggest that the Chinese virtue (美德) of frugality (节约) is coming back.
“I’ve been very frugal all my life. Living through a serious famine (饥荒), I’m used to saving every grain and every penny,” a woman born in the 1950s, told CGTN. “I’m happy to see more young people joining our group.”
21．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Old consumers don’t like near-expired snacks or drinks.
B．Most of food from big brands is at cheaper prices in Sanlitun.
C．Liu Fang goes to Sanlitun to sell near-expired food every week.
D．More Chinese people enjoy buying near-expired food at much cheaper prices now.
22．What is the influence of buying near-expired food in China according to CGTN?
A．Young people won’t buy expensive things.
B．People don’t like caring about the production date.
C．More and more people won’t buy food at right prices.
D．The Chinese virtue of frugality may return to our daily life.
23．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The Chinese traditional virtue of frugality.
B．The success of the near-expired food business.
C．A new shopping trend among young consumers.
D．Different opinions about buying near-expired food.
【短文大意】
本文主要讲述了越来越多的年轻人认为购买过期食品是一种可持续的消费，可以帮助减少食物浪费。
【答案解析】
21．细节理解题。根据“Liu is among the increasing number of Chinese people who enjoy buying near-expired food at much cheaper prices.”可知，现在越来越多的中国人喜欢以更便宜的价格购买临近过期的食品。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据“But the trend (趋势) of buying near-expired food may suggest that the Chinese virtue (美德) of frugality (节约) is coming back.”可知，据中国国际电视台报道，在中国购买临近过期的食品可能会使中国人节俭的美德回归到日常生活中。故选D。
23．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了越来越多的年轻人认为购买过期食品是一种可持续的消费，可以帮助减少食物浪费。故选项C“年轻消费者的新购物潮流。”符合题意。故选C。
B
Jane was from a small village in South Africa. Her family was poor and noodles were their only food. Her parents couldn’t afford to pay the electricity bill, so she had to study by candle light.
What was worse, to live on, her parents moved to a faraway village with other four children. As for Jane, she didn’t want to give up learning and she dreamed of entering a famous university. She stuck to (坚守) living alone in her village.
After Jane’s parents left, she lived a difficult life. Having no place to live in, the homeless girl had to sleep on the back seat of the school bus. Luckily, Mrs. Brown, a school bus driver, learnt about Jane’s situation and invited Jane to live with her family. Soon, Jane found a job in her school. She helped in the school kitchen from 6:00 am to 7:40 am before the first school bell rang. She also swept floor and picked up rubbish in the afternoons. With the money she got from the work, she paid for her education. And she stayed up late in the evenings studying for all kinds of exams day after day.
Jane’s hard work made a difference to her life. She finished high school in Cape Town and was accepted by Harvard, one of the most famous universities in the world, with full scholarship (奖学金). The 18-year-old girl surprised the world.
24．Why did Jane stick to living alone in the village?
A．She could eat enough food in the village. B．She had to pay the electricity bill herself.
C．She didn’t want to give up her dream. D．She didn’t want to leave her friends.
25．According to the passage, which is NOT right?
A．Mrs. Brown helped Jane find a good job on the bus.
B．Jane was invited to live with the school driver’s family.
C．Jane paid for her education with the money she got from the work.
D．Jane was accepted by Harvard when she was 18 years old.
26．What have we learnt from the passage?
A．Harvard has changed Jane’s life. B．Any success is depended on one’s effort.
C．Jane’s success belongs to the bus driver. D．A girl born in a poor family is easier to succeed.
【短文大意】
本文主要讲述出身贫穷的简在通过自己的不懈努力后考上哈佛大学的故事，启发我们任何成功都是靠个人努力的。
【答案解析】
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“As for Jane, she didn’t want to give up learning and she dreamed of entering a famous university. ”可知，简不想放弃学习，她梦想中进入一所著名的大学。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“Soon, Jane found a job in her school. She helped in the school kitchen from 6:00 am to 7:40 am before the first school bell rang.”可知，简在学校找到一份工作，在学校厨房里帮忙，选项A“布朗太太帮简在公交车上找到一份好工作”是错误的。故选A。
26．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，出身贫穷的简在通过自己的不懈努力后考上哈佛大学，选项B“任何成功都是靠个人努力的”符合原文。故选B。
C
Background knowledge is the knowledge a person has about the world when he or she starts to read a text. It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading. Put simply, the more you know about a topic, the easier it is for you to read a text, understand it, and remember the information.
To understand this, here are two points. First, background knowledge enables readers to choose between different meanings of words. For example, if you read the word “operation” in a sports article, you might think about a sportsperson with a serious injury（伤）. But if you read the word in a math text, you’d think about a mathematical process. Second, understanding a text requires readers to fill missing information and make inferences. To do this, readers need to have some basic knowledge about the topic.
Students get background knowledge both through personal experiences and by learning in the classroom. Then how can teachers help students build background knowledge? Here are some suggestions.
Begin by teaching words in categories（类别）. For example, teachers can try something as simple as this: “Apples, bananas, strawberries, mangoes. They are a type of...（fruit）. Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）.
________. Reading builds knowledge, but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics. Teachers can try a different way: encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic.
Use multimedia（多媒体）. Direct experiences are the most effective ways to build knowledge. There is nothing more exciting for students than learning through direct experiences, such as field trips and other activities. Although multimedia cannot replace real-life experiences, it can often provide a lot of information that we could only wish to experience firsthand. It can also introduce children to important words and concepts.
Background knowledge is important in a student’s ability to fully understand a text. Teachers’ efforts can help students become stronger thinkers and life-long readers and learners.
27．The writer talks about the word “operation” in Paragraph 2 to explain________.
A．what background knowledge is
B．why background knowledge is important
C．when people need background knowledge
D．how people develop background knowledge
28．Which of the following would be the best topic sentence for Paragraph 5?
A．Make wide reading interesting.
B．Introduce different topics to students.
C．Encourage topic-centered wide reading.
D．Help students find their favourite books.
29．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Vocabulary is the greatest difficulty in understanding a text.
B．Making inferences has little connection with background knowledge.
C．Multimedia is more useful than direct experiences in building knowledge.
D．Developing vocabulary and concepts can help build background knowledge.
【短文大意】
本文主要讲述了背景知识在阅读中起着重要的作用，并针对“教师如何帮助学生建立背景知识”这一问题提出了几点建议。
【答案解析】
27．推理判断题。根据“It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading.”及第二段“To understand this, here are two points. ”可知，第二段主要是在解释为什么背景知识很重要，所以作者举这个例子是为了说明这一点。故选B。
28．推理判断题。根据“but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics..... encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic.”可知，本段主要是介绍鼓励孩子尽可能多地阅读自己感兴趣的同一主题的书籍，C项“鼓励以主题为中心的广泛阅读”最适合作为主题句。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据“Begin by teaching words in categories”和“Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）.”可知，增加词汇量，发展概念可以帮助建立背景知识。故选D。
D
Human activity is changing the surface and temperature of our planet. But new research shows it is also changing the sound of oceans and seas. Scientists say these changes affect （影响）many sea animals—from very small fish to huge whales.
Sound travels very far underwater. For fish, sound is a better way to sense their environment than light. They use sounds to communicate with each other. Sounds also help some ocean animals find food and avoid their hunters. Sounds help fish and other sea animals survive（生存）.
However, increased noise from humans is making it harder for these animals to hear each other. The noise comes from shipping traffic, underwater oil and gas exploration, and other noisy human activity. For many sea animals, their efforts to communicate are being masked （被掩盖）by sounds that humans have introduced. Experts explain the term masking, which happens when one or more noises in the water block sound important to an ocean animal’s life.
The Red Sea is one of the world’s most important shipping passages. It is full of large ships traveling to Asia, Europe, and Africa. Some fish and other animals now avoid the noisiest areas. Also, the overall number of sea animals has gone down by about half since 1970. In some parts of the ocean, scientists now record fewer animals singing and calling than in the past.
Experts say that effects of noise on sea animals are not well understood. However, some studies suggest that noise may cause hearing loss. The stress from human noise might also affect the immune（免疫）system-an animal’s natural defense system. Many sea animals are showing higher levels of stress because of noise.
When people think of threats（威胁）facing the ocean, we often think of climate change, plastics, and overfishing. But noise pollution is another necessary thing we need to be monitoring. When it comes to something humans can do for the ocean, we need to think about how to make it quieter. Sound pollution may be easier to deal with than other ocean threats. You can reduce or turn off sound immediately. It’s not like plastics or climate change, which are much harder to undo.
30．According to the passage, sounds can help sea animals in many ways except ________.
A．blocking the sunshine outside B．searching for something to eat
C．getting away from their hunters D．communicating with each other
31．What can you know from the passage?
A．Noise does more harm to sea animals than humans realize.
B．Plastic pollution is the biggest threat facing oceans and seas.
C．Fish sense their environment better through light than sound.
D．The Red Sea is one of the most popular fishing areas in the world.
32．The underlined words “to undo” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “________”.
A．to involve the effort B．to promise the result C．to cancel the effects D．to forget the influences
33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Why Are Ocean Animals So Noisy? B．Helpful Ways to Save Ocean Animals.
C．Humans Are Making Oceans Too Noisy. D．Which Threat to Oceans Is the Biggest?
【短文大意】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍新的研究表明，人类活动正在改变地球上海洋的声音。科学家们说，海洋和其他水域声音的变化影响了许多海洋动物。
【答案解析】
30．细节理解题。根据“They use sounds to communicate with each other. Sounds also help some ocean animals find food and avoid their hunters. Sounds help fish and other sea animals survive.”可知，声音可以用来互相交流，也可以帮助一些海洋动物找到食物和躲避它们的猎人，还帮助鱼和其他海洋动物生存。 没有提到遮挡外面的阳光，故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据“When people think of threats facing the ocean, we often think of climate change, plastics, and overfishing. But noise pollution is another necessary thing we need to be monitoring.”可知，当人们想到海洋面临的威胁时，我们通常会想到气候变化、塑料制品和过度捕捞，但噪音污染是另一个我们需要监控的必要因素。所以噪音对海洋动物的危害比人类意识到的要大，故选A。
32．词句猜测题。分析“Sound pollution may be easier to deal with than other ocean threats. You can reduce or turn off sound immediately. It’s not like plastics or climate change, which are much harder to undo.”可知，声音污染可能比其他海洋威胁更容易处理，你可以立即减少或关闭声音，它不像塑料或气候变化，后者更难消除。此处“to undo”的意思是“更难消除、取消效果”，故选C。
33．最佳标题题。本文介绍新的研究表明，人类活动正在改变地球上海洋的声音。科学家们说，海洋和其他水域声音的变化影响了许多海洋动物。选项C“人类让海洋太喧闹了”符合主题，故选C。
第二部分
本部分共6题，共20分。根据题目要求，完成相应任务。
四、阅读表达（每题2分，共10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Touch down to Earth
China welcomed three heroic astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu home on April 16. This return ended the Shenzhou XIII astronauts’ six-month space mission. It also marks a major (重大的) breakthrough for China’s efforts in space.
In order to return home safety, they did a lot of preparation before leaving the space station.
If you are coming home after a long journey, you have to pack up. For astronauts in space, besides their personal belongings, they “packed” experimental data (数据) and samples, so they would be further researched on Earth.
The astronauts had to tidy up a large number of materials, including goods on the Tianzhou 3 cargo (货物) spacecraft, according to Zhong Weiwei, a researcher at the China Astronaut Research and Training Center.
Since the space station had no room service, the three astronauts needed to “clear the house” themselves. They collected a great amount of waste. This included leftover foods, sanitary (卫生) waste and waste from in-orbit experiments. The waste was then put into the orbital module (轨道舱), which burnt up as it reentered Earth’s atmosphere.
They also had to put all equipment in place correctly since there would be a gap of more than one month before the astronauts of Shenzhou XIV enter the space station, according to Zhong. They needed to make sure some items, such as gym equipment, were fixed to the walls to avoid floating and slipping (滑落).
Astronauts experienced microgravity for long periods of time during their stays on the space station, which had an effect on their bodies. This included a loss of fluid (体液) muscle atrophy (萎缩) as well as bone loss.
To ensure their safe and sound return, the three astronauts had been doing physical exercises to train their muscles for the return to Earth. Based on their in-orbit physical examinations and data, experts had customized (定制) exercise plans for each of them to ensure a safe landing.
Just like a house that will be vacant (空着的) for a long time must have it’s water and power switched off, astronauts checked everything before they left. Based on experience at home and abroad, they checked and adjusted 40 to 50 items to ensure that the space station could transmit valid parameters (参数) to the ground during subsequent unmanned missions.
34．When did the three astronauts return to earth safety?
________________________________________________________
35．What did they “pack” experimental data and samples for?
________________________________________________________
36．Where did they put the waste they collected?
________________________________________________________
37．How did experts help the three astronauts return?
________________________________________________________
38．What do you think of staying in space? Why do you think so?
________________________________________________________
【短文大意】
本文主要介绍了宇航员在返回地面前需要做哪些工作。
【答案解析】
34．根据“China welcomed three heroic astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu home on April 16”可知，在4月16日安全回到地面，故填On April 16.
35．根据“For astronauts in space, besides their personal belongings, they “packed” experimental data (数据) and samples, so they would be further researched on Earth”可知，为了可以在地球上进行进一步的研究，故填For that they could be further researched on Earth.
36．根据“They collected a great amount of waste. This included leftover foods, sanitary (卫生) waste and waste from in-orbit experiments. The waste was then put into the orbital module ”可知，把它放进了轨道舱，故填They put it into the orbital module.
37．根据“Based on their in-orbit physical examinations and data, experts had customized (定制) exercise plans for each of them to ensure a safe landing”可知，专家们为他们每个人定制了运动计划，以确保安全着陆，故填They customized exercise plans for each of them.
38．开放性题，答案合理即可。参考答案为I think it interesting. Because I can experience something different from staying on the Earth.
五、文段表达（10分）
39．假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter给你发邮件说自己最近经过多次尝试终于学会了做中国传统美食一饺子，开心不已。询问你在日常的学习和生活中，是否有过类似经历。请用英语回复一封邮件，分享一件你曾经尝试的新事物，学到了什么以及你的感受。
注意：根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
提示词语：
practice, overcome (克服), difficulty, proud
提示问题：
●What new thing have you ever tried to do?
●What have you learnt from your experience?
●How do you feel about it?
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your email. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your email. I know that you learned how to make dumplings. You’re so great. Now let me share my experience with you.
Since I watched the Winter Olympics Games in Beijing, I have been in love with skating. From then on, I began to make up my mind to learn it. But as soon as I stepped on the ice, I stumbled over myself. I found it difficult to learn skating. Although I practiced again and again, and fell again and again, when I thought of the athletes on the field, I didn’t give up. Soon I could skate quite well. I’m proud of myself.
From learning skating, I know while doing anything, we often meet many kinds of difficulties, but we shouldn’t lose heart, we should try our best to overcome them.
Yours,
Li Hua
,
【解析】1.题干解读：该题目是写一封电子邮件，向英国的朋友分享一件自己曾经尝试的新事物，并讲述一下自己学到了什么以及自己的感受，开头已给出，可适当发挥。
2.写作指导：本文主要采用第一人称来叙述；时态上在叙述经历时用一般过去时。写作时要适当使用一些副词和连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，结构清晰，表达具有条理性。
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