高考英语易错题精编 易错点06 动词时态和语态 (解析版)
展开高考易错题的重要性
高考冲刺阶段,除了知识点的总结,进行模块化的复习和整理以外,对于易错的题型也是冲刺阶段必备的。复习板块之一。我们通常都说冲刺阶段一定要回归课本,对于基础的知识点以及知识的应用能力的提高是迫在眉睫的。那么易错体对于提升知识的应用能力以及巩固基础来说是非常重要的一个环节。
首先,冲刺阶段的易错题能够帮助我们快速的查缺补漏,总结经验教训,知识梳理,提高知识的应用能力。
其次,通过对错题分析,其中涉及到的知识点以及考点的分析与总结,它能够减少我们复习过程当中同类型的题或者是同一知识点的犯错频率。
第三,对于错题集的复习,最简单的方法就是盖住答案,然后重新来做一遍,从分析的角度条件的分析以及技巧的使用三个方面进行逐一的排除。
第四,在这些错题当中,并非所有的错题都是每个同学易错的,那么在第一遍的错题复习当中,我们就要进行排除,筛选出符合自己特点错题及其针对性也才更强。
如果自己已经完全掌握的,那么就当是对于知识点的再一次复习。这样的错题对于提升自己的能力来说也才是起到了最大的作用。
专题06 动词时态和语态
易错题【01】一般过去时和现在完成时的混用
易错题【02】完成时态
易错题【03】被动语态
01 一般过去时
(2020年全国Ⅰ,语法填空,1.5分)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and ____________ down the river.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是时态混淆。
【问诊】一般现在时和一般过去时是近几年语法填空和短文改错题必考的语法项目,而且考查的均是最基本的用法。
【答案】 pointed
【叮嘱】(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday、 last year、 the other day等时间状语连用;也可表示过去习惯性的动作。
(2)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若主句用了过去将来时,从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。
·He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.
他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
(3)有些句子,虽然没有明确地表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know、 think、 expect、 want等。
·Edward, you play so well. But I didn't know you played the piano.
爱德华,你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________ (mean) me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】句意:大猩猩和我吓了彼此一跳,但是我很高兴发现他们活着。大猩猩确实本性并不好斗,这只巨大的动物并不是真的要伤害我。设空处所填谓语动词与句中已有的谓语动词frightened和was时态一致,应用一般过去时,故填mean的过去式meant。
2.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:他到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
【答案】D
02 完成时态
1.(2019年新课标全国卷Ⅱ,语法填空,1.5分)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配记忆不牢。
【问诊】句意:我喜欢去这里,看我的家人和这些年我结交的朋友们。
【答案】have made
【叮嘱】1.现在完成时
(1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与lately、 recently、 so far、 by now、 up to/till now、 in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用。
·Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
到目前为止,工作进展得很顺利,我们确信一定会按时完工。
(2)表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态,常与“since+时间点”或“for+时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。
—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?
—Sorry, I haven't played the piano for years.
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗?
——抱歉,我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
(3)现在完成时用于以下句型
①It is/has been+时间段+since ...表示“自从……以来已经……”。
·It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.
自我从这个大学毕业已经10年了。
②This/It/That is the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用现在完成时。
·This is the first time that I have visited Beijing.
这是我第一次游览北京。
2.过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作,强调“过去的过去”之意。常与by、 before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。
·By the end of last year, we had accomplished the project completely.
到去年年底,我们已彻底完成了该项目。
(2)表示意向的动词,如hope、 wish、 expect、 think、 intend、 mean、 suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
·I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment.
我本打算帮你的,但当时我太忙了。
(3)用过去完成时的固定句型
①This/It/That was the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用过去完成时。
②hardly ... when ...和no sooner ... than ...两个句型中,主句均用过去完成时。
·Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。
- Since 2011, the country ________ (grow) more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】句意:自2011年以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。根据句中的时间状语Since 2011可知,此处谓语动词用现在完成时,且主语the country是第三人称单数形式,故填has grown。
牢记:①见到since+时间点,要知道谓语用现在完成时;②不规则动词grow(种植,成长,生长)—grew—grown—growing;其名词形式growth也最易拼错。
2.(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
【答案】had been trapped
【解析】句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险拯救了两名已在山中被困两天的游客。根据主句谓语risked可知事情发生在过去,而“被困两天”发生在主句谓语动词risked之前,表过去的过去,故用过去完成时;定语从句关系词who指代的先行词two tourists与trap是被动关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态,填had been trapped。
03 被动语态
(2020年浙江卷1月,语法填空,1.5分)People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should _______________ (place) on longevity.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配运用不灵活。
【问诊】句意:人们倾向于第一种原因。但是,人们更关注长寿的问题。
【答案】be placed
【叮嘱】1.被动语态的构成(以do为例)
| 现在 | 过去 | 将来 | 过去将来 |
一般 | am/is/ are done | was/were done | shall/will be done | should/ would be done |
进行 | am/is/are being done | was/were being done | — | — |
完成 | have/has been done | had been done | shall/will have been done | should/ would have been done |
2.不能用被动语态的几种情况
(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如:last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。
(3)表示归属的动词,如have,own,belong to等。
(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词,如:wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。
(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等,谓语动词不用被动语态。
3.主动形式表被动意义
(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;当cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
The flowers smell sweet.花儿散发着芳香。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料很容易洗。
(2)当break out,take place,shut off,turn off,work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
The lamps on the wall turned off.墙上的灯熄灭了。
1. While waiting for the opportunity to get _____________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
【错因分析】本题易误填promoting。
【试题解析】While waiting for the opportunity to...是"While he was waiting for the opportunity to..."的省略,Henry和promote之间是被动关系,应该使用被动语态,此处为"get+动词的过去分词",故填promoted。
【参考答案】promoted
2. —Excuse me, is the book Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell available now?
—Sorry, but it _________ (sell) so well that we don’t have any in store.
【错因分析】本题易误填is sold。
【试题解析】句意:——玛格丽特﹒米切尔写的《飘》现在有货吗?——对不起,它那么畅销,我们没有任何存货了。sell在此处意为"卖得……",sell well表示"畅销",不能用于被动语态。
【参考答案】sells
错
1.(2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知,表示当时的情况,故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时;从句主语为it,是第三人称单数形式。故填was。
2.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:1861年,林肯被选举为国家总统后,他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语,用and连接,所以都用一般过去时。
3.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,空格填写谓语动词, 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall,和build是被动关系,且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立,故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意:它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的,现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
4.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词,根据后文My bike was old可知, 应该为过去的时态,主语为we, 为主动语态,故填hired。
5.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词,可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意:自从它开放后,林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
6.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空)Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷,所以用被动。动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时。
7.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语,主语是单数,根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时,故答案为 is considered。
8.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系动词。句意:然而在城市里,女人增长数值是1.3,男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时,故答案为was。
9.(2021.6全国甲卷 改错)One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble?
【答案】are改为is;
【解析】考查主谓一致。主语为one of the questions,表示问题中的一个,是单数意义,谓语动词应为单数,故are改为is。
10.(2021.6全国乙卷 改错)That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
把hopes改为hope
考查省略句。分析题目可知,此处表示(I) hope this can inspire…,故hope应用动词原形形式。故把hopes改为hope。
11.(2021.6全国乙卷 改错)I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
【答案】把tidying改为tidy
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据句中的and可知,water和tidy应为并列动作,所以动词形式应该保持一致。故把tidying改为tidy。
12.(2020·新课标I卷语法填空)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
13.(2020·新课标I卷语法填空)"This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct) ."
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
68.【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。
14.(2020·新课标II卷短文改错)Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.
【答案】start→started
【解析】考查时态。句意:事实上,我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子,此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候,动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
15.(2020·新课标III卷语法填空)The artist was sure he would63.(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
16.(2020·新课标III卷语法填空) 65(When/As) he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
17.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)And,as more children were born,more food 59.(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
18.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)By about 6000 BC,people 61. (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
19.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)New methods 65. (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
20.(2020·山东卷语法填空)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39(which/that) opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
21.(2020·浙江高考)Those who held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
________________________________________________________________
【答案】:held前加had
【解析】:此处动作发生在tended to do之前,所以为过去的过去,应用过去完成时。
22.(2020·浙江高考)I start reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books.
________________________________________________________________
【答案】:start→started
【解析】:句意:我5岁以前就开始自己看书,妈妈每周会带我去公共图书馆借几本书。根据后面的took可知,start也应用一般过去时。
23.(2019·北京高考)A retired engineer, 76yearold Wilson has been offered free rides to college students for the past eight years.
________________________________________________________________
【答案】:offered→offering
【解析】:此处表示“在过去八年中他自愿开车搭载学生”,这个动作从过去持续到现在并仍在进行,故用现在完成进行时,无被动含义,故将offered改为offering。
24.(2019·天津高考)I hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
________________________________________________________________
【答案】:hoped前加had
【解析】:由couldn't manage用的是一般过去时可知,动词hope发生在couldn't manage之前,表示过去本打算做某事而没有做成,用过去完成时,故填hade hoped。
25.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
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【答案】:are→were
【解析】:根据前后时态一致性原则可知,应将are改为were。
26.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college, I told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.
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【答案】:told前加was
【解析】:根据语意可知,此处表示“我”被告知,同时结合“was offering”和前面的时间状语“During my second year at the city college”可知,使用一般过去时的被动语态,故told前加was。
27.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it works.
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【答案】:works→worked
【解析】:and连接的是并列句,结合前面的found可知,使用一般过去时。
28.(2018·北京高考)Anger seems simple when we were feeling it, but the causes of anger are various.
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【答案】:were→are
【解析】:根据前面的seems和but分句中的谓语are可知,此处描述现在的情况,故将were改为are。
29.(2018·天津高考)The global population expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.
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【答案】:expected前加is
【解析】:此处意为“预计全球人口在2050年前达到96亿”,主语“The global population”是被预计的对象,故使用一般现在时的被动语态;同时population是单数,故expected前加is。30.(2018·浙江高考)In America the demand for oil had grown by 22 percent since 1990.
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【答案】:had→has
【解析】:根据后面的“since 1990”可知,前面的谓语动词应该使用现在完成时。
31.(2018·江苏高考)When a darkcolored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognize it as sweeter and more tasty.
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【答案】:recognize→recognized
【解析】:根据前面的从句中谓语动词“was served”可知,主句中的时态也应该为一般过去时,故将recognize改为recognized。
语法填空(动词的时态与语态专练)
My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.___________(remind) me of myself.In the past,I 2.___________(be) never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight,my height,my hairstyle,etc.At that time,I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However,someone told me something that I will always remember.
It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3._____________ (point) at me and laughed at me,I couldn't help crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise,someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.
I then knew it was our English teacher,Miss Li.She said,“You 4.___________(be) perfect the way you are.You should never change or hate yourself.People 5.___________ (accept) you for who you 6.___________(be).But if you cannot accept yourself,then how will other people accept you?” I 7.___________(inspire) by her words.Over the past few months,I 8.___________(learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.Now I have wonderful friends who 9.___________(love) me for who I am.
Now,seeing Kaiya cry,I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.___________(tell) me.
答案:1.reminds 2.was 3.pointed 4.are 5.will accept 6.are 7.was inspired 8.have learned/learnt 9.love 10.told
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