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高考英语易错题精编 易错点08 主谓一致 (解析版)
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这是一份高考英语易错题精编 易错点08 主谓一致 (解析版),共20页。
高考易错题的重要性
高考冲刺阶段,除了知识点的总结,进行模块化的复习和整理以外,对于易错的题型也是冲刺阶段必备的。复习板块之一。我们通常都说冲刺阶段一定要回归课本,对于基础的知识点以及知识的应用能力的提高是迫在眉睫的。那么易错体对于提升知识的应用能力以及巩固基础来说是非常重要的一个环节。
首先,冲刺阶段的易错题能够帮助我们快速的查缺补漏,总结经验教训,知识梳理,提高知识的应用能力。
其次,通过对错题分析,其中涉及到的知识点以及考点的分析与总结,它能够减少我们复习过程当中同类型的题或者是同一知识点的犯错频率。
第三,对于错题集的复习,最简单的方法就是盖住答案,然后重新来做一遍,从分析的角度条件的分析以及技巧的使用三个方面进行逐一的排除。
第四,在这些错题当中,并非所有的错题都是每个同学易错的,那么在第一遍的错题复习当中,我们就要进行排除,筛选出符合自己特点错题及其针对性也才更强。
如果自己已经完全掌握的,那么就当是对于知识点的再一次复习。这样的错题对于提升自己的能力来说也才是起到了最大的作用。
专题08 主谓一致
易错题【01】不定式,动名词,从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数
易错题【02】单复数视情况而定
易错题【03】固定搭配中的主谓一致问题
01 不定式,动名词,从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数
(2020年全国Ⅱ,语法填空,1.5分)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers __________ (carry) special significance.
【警示】本题容易 出错的主要原因是主谓一致难点没有关注。
【问诊】不定式,动名词,从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装修具有特殊的意义。在why引导的表语从句中动名词短语decorating...flowers作主语,谓语动词用单数,并且此处讲的是客观事实,用一般现在时,所以填carries.
【答案】 carries
(2021·南开中学5月模拟·单项填空·T8)
The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________ steadily since 1997.
A. is rising B. are rising
C. has been rising D. have been rising
【答案】C
【解析】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:自1997年以来,在中国大学就读的外国学生人数一直在稳步上升。根据“since 1997 ”可知,本句为现在完成时或者现在完成进行时,再结合句意可知,本句为现在完成进行时。the number of +名词复数,谓语动词为单数。故选C项。
02 单复数视情况而定
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food ________ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【警示】本题容易 出错的主要原因是忽略此处主语的特殊性。
【问诊】 集体名词food、class、 family、 army、 team、 club、 company、 population、 enemy、 party、 crowd、 crew、 audience、 committee、 government、 majority、 group等强调整体时谓语用单数,指个体成员时谓语用复数
【答案】 is
【叮嘱】
原则
主语
谓语
语法
一致
原则
单数
单数
复数
复数
就近
一致
原则
由or、 either ... or ...、 neither ... nor ...、 not only ... but (also) ...、 not ... but ...等连接
与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致
由there、 here引起的主语不止一个时
意义
一致
原则
由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现
单数
no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and (+no/each/every/many a)+单数名词
one/every one/each/either/the number of/the variety of+复数名词
clothing、 furniture、 traffic、 jewellery、 baggage、 equipment、 luggage等无生命的集体名词
以-s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词
表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复数名词表示一个整体概念
由every-、 any-、 some-、 no-和-one、 -thing、 -body等构成的不定代词
动名词、动词不定式和名词性从句
由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念
复数
people、 police、 cattle等有生命的集体名词
一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词,如goods、 stairs、 arms等
山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词
集体名词food、class、 family、 army、 team、 club、 company、 population、 enemy、 party、 crowd、 crew、 audience、 committee、 government、 majority、 group等强调整体时谓语用单数,指个体成员时谓语用复数
单复
数视
情况
而定
单复数同形的名词,如means、 deer、 fish、 sheep等
all、 none、 some、 any等不定代词
“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/
plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词”做主语,谓语要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致
1.(2020年浙江7月,语法填空,1.5分)And, as more children were born, more food _______________ (need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】句意:与此同时,随着越来越多的孩子们出生,更多的食物被需要。
2. His family ________________ (move) to the south.
【答案】has moved
【解析】句意:他的家搬到南方。此处family 指家庭,谓语动词用复数。如果指成员则用单数,例如:My family are all looking forward to your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。
3.(2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T13)
There are nearly 7000 local languages in the world, but only 7% ______ reflected in published online material.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
【答案】D
【解析】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:世界上有近7000种地方语言,但只有7%的语言在网上发布的材料中得到体现。根据句子结构可知,此空需填but之后分句的谓语动词,谓语动词的单复数取决于百分数修饰的名词,名词为7000 local languages,所以谓语动词用复数。根据there are可知,本句是一般现在时,描述一个客观的事实,故选D项。
03 固定搭配中的主谓一致问题
(2017·天津高考)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是涉及主谓一致的短语没有关注。
【问诊】句意:如今,骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样,被看作是一种最好的全能运动形式。主语与regard是被动关系,应用被动语态。句子主语部分是“A along with B”结构,因此谓语动词的数与A一致,即与cycling一致,故谓语用单数形式,填is regarded。
【答案】is regarded
【叮嘱】固定搭配中的主谓一致问题
(1)当主语后面跟有 as well as,as much as,no less than, along with,with, like,rather than, together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to 等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:
①The teacher as well as the students was excited.
老师和同学们都很兴奋。
②I think Tom, rather than you wants to play basketball.
我认为是汤姆而不是想去打篮球。
③The headmaster, along with his teachers, was present at the meeting yesterday.
这个校长和他的老师都参加了昨天会议
(2)many a、 more than one后加可数名词的单数形式,谓语动词用单数。
·More than one student gets involved in the activity.
不止一个学生参加了这个活动。
(3)A quantity of后接可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数。后接不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
①A large quantity of clean water is wasted every day..
②A quantity of beer are consumed in the city every year.
(4)“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
①A number of new houses have been built there.
②The number of the people who know the secret is very limited.
(5)在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
E.g. He is one of my friends who are working hard.
在定语从句中,若先行词为one of +复数名词,其定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。若先行词为the only one of +复数名词,则定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
E.g. He is one of my friends who are working hard. (先行词是friends)
E.g. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.(所以先行词是one)
(6)what引导的从句做主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;但如果从句表示复数含义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
·What he said is far from the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
·What the school needs are qualified teachers.
这个学校需要的是有能力的教师。
1.Since the United Nations declared June 21 as the International Day of Yoga in 2014, a number of cities in China ________ (start) hosting international yoga festivals.
【答案】 have started
【解析】 since引导的时间状语从句谓语是一般过去时,故主句谓语用现在完成时,“a number of +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数形式,填have started。
2.(2019天津,8)Amy, as well as her brothers, (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
【答案】was given
【解析】句意:上周埃米和她的哥哥们回到村庄时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据句中时间状语last week可知,此处需用一般过去时;当主语后面出现as well as, with, together with, along with, instead of, rather than等词语时句子的谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。本句的主语为Amy且与动词give构成被动关系,故答案为was given。
错
高考真题在线
1. (2022浙江1月)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _____________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
2. (2022浙江1月)But Cobb and others ____________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
3. (2021北京)As it _____________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
4. (2021北京) There ____________(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
5. (2021全国甲) It ____________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
6. (2021全国新高考)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it_________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
7. (2021浙江6月)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ________________(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
8. (2021天津改编) Currently, about 35,000 works ____________(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
9. (2020江苏改编) If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution that _______ (suit) everyone.
10. (2020天津改编) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and __________(remain) around that level since.
11 (2020全国II)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers __________ (carry) special significance.
12. (2019全国Ⅰ) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
13. (2019全国II) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___________ (make) over the years.
14. (2019全国III) On the last day of our week-long stay, we __________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
15. (2019江苏改编) The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
16. (2019天津改编)Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last week.
17. (2018全国II) Since 2011, the country __________ (grow) more corn than rice.
18. (2017全国Ⅰ)When fat and salt__________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
19. (2017天津改编)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
20. (2016全国II) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow_________(be) often acceptable.
【答案】
1. is viewed/has been viewed 2. are 3. connects 4. has been 5. was built 6. was 7. has proved/has proven 8. are being displayed 9. suits 10. has remained 11. carries 12. are 13. have made 14. were invited 15. have given 16. was given 17. has grown 18. are removed 19. is regarded 20. is
高考模拟真题在线
1.Fast food ________ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
2.Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ____ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
3.Along the road _________thick and tall trees, some of them with a history of nearby 100 years.
4.Large quantities of food_____(send) to the countries struck by the earthquake so far.
5.The publication of Great Expectations, which__________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
6.Over the past several years, I____________(inspire)to get close to nature and learn from experience.
7.This sport _____________(demand) both speed and strength.
8.Usually the Chinese language ____________ (refer) to as Han.
9.The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
10.Readers will find more detailed information that _____ (attach) to the end of the notice.
11.On top of the books ________(lie) the photo album you’re looking for.
12.The visitors here ________ (impress) by the fact that people are working hard for new Jiangsu.
13.It _____ (admit) that the house really deserves buying, because all its wide windows admit light into the room.
14.All we need ____ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(用单词的适当形式完成句子)
15.In the last few years thousands of films _________________ (produce) all over the world.
16.Over the last two years, the park__________ (receive)650 monkeys from a breeding farm.
17.Experts say that what is needed ________(be) continuous attention and maintenance.
18.Tom, rather than I, ____________ (serve) in the army ever since graduation.
19.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
20.As all we know, police ________(be) people who catch thieves and robbers.
21.West of our village ______ (lie) a river where I would go swimming when I was a child.
22.I'll follow him wherever he ________ (go).
23.Neither my parents nor my younger sister_______(be) at home today.
24.Not only he but also his parents ______(be)entertained by the clown's funny performance.
25.Two-thirds of the water________ (be) polluted since Japan put Nuclear waste water into the ocean.
26.Ten thousand dollars ____________ (spend) on this project so that we can enjoy a more beautiful campus.
27.You can’t help wondering how hard it________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
28.It ________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
29.Great changes _________ (take place) in Shanghai in the last few years.
30.Britain as well as many other industrial countries, ________(experience)major changes over the last 100years.
31.Climbing mountains ___(be) really fun.
32.I have a headache, for I________ (work) in of that computer for 8 hours.
33.Today the number of people learning English in China_______( increase ) rapidly.
34.As it returned successfully, Chang’e 5 ________ (become) the first lunar sample-return spacecraft since 1976.
35.The designer, as well as the models, ________(interview) shortly after they finished their amazing performance.
36.Bicycles are a very common form of transport in the world. There________ (be) about one billion bicycles worldwide.
37.—What's the terrible noise?
—The neighbors ________ (prepare) for a party.
38.Either you or one of your students___________(be) to attend the meeting tomorrow.
39.Many graduates _____(employ) in the electronics and computing industries now.
40.It is the first time the technique ______ (use) to document how the brain processes grammar and produces words.
41.It’s the first time that the boy _________ (speak) to a foreigner.
42.Not only students but also the teacher ______(compete)in the sports event at the moment.
43.Not only ______(do)the sun give us light,but(also)it gives us heat.
44.She, together with her teammates, ________ (help) villagers sell nearly 500,000 kilograms of oranges every week.
45.Not only you and I but also Peter, the top student in our school, ______(be)not able to solve the problem.
46.Neither he nor I___________(be) the right person for the post.
47.I want to thank the Beijing 2022 organizing committee for the outstanding work they________(do)so far.
48.Finishing the task ahead of time ______ (give) him a lot of confidence.
49.Look!Some people _______(lie) on the beach,having a sunbath.
50.Inside his bag ______ (be) some books and paper.
参考答案:
1.is
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:快餐富含脂肪和盐;通过吃更多的快餐,人们将获得超过他们饮食需要的更多的盐和脂肪。描述一个客观的事实,用一般现在时;fast food是不可数名词,所以填is。
2.is
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。分析句子可知,此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
3.are
考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。句意:沿路是茂密高大的树木,其中一些有近100年的历史。表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代词)需用完全倒装,其形式为介词短语+谓语+主语。故此为倒装句,设空处应为句子的谓语。主语为trees,谓语应用复数形式。结合句意,时态为一般现在时态。故答案为are。
4.have been sent
考查动词时态。句意:至今为止,已经向地震灾区运送了大量的食品。主语由large quantities of 修饰,谓语动词用复数,谓语动词是send,根据时间状语so far,可知用现在完成时,主语和谓语动词send之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时下的被动语态。故填have been sent。
5.was
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:《远大前程》的出版,得到了广泛的评价和高度的赞誉,巩固了狄更斯作为主要小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知,which指代Great Expectations这本书,故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式;且根据句中的strengthened可知,应使用一般过去时态。故填was。
6.have been inspired
考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几年里,我受到启发去亲近自然,从经验中学习。根据时间状语Over the past several years可知,空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态,因为是被受到启发,所以空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态的被动语态:has/have been done,主语是第一人称,所以助动词需用have。故填have been inspired。
7.demands
考查动词时态。句意:这项运动既需要速度又需要力量。分析句子可知,设空处为句子的谓语部分,且句意表示一般性质,时态为一般现在时。主语sport为单数形式,谓语动词demand要用第三人称单数形式demands。故填demands。
8.is referred
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:中国的语言通常被称为汉语。句子是描述一个事实,应用一般现在时,动词refer和主语the Chinese language之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,主语是可数名词单数,故填is referred。
9.was invited
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:那位著名的音乐家和他的学生们被邀请在2012年台北花博会的开幕式上演出。首先,结合句意可知应用一般过去时描述过去的行为,且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态;其次,as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词应和as well as前的成分在人称和数上保持一致,本句谓语应与The famous musician保持一致,应用单数。故填was invited。
10.is attached
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:读者可以在通知的末尾找到更详细的信息。此处为定语从句修饰先行词information,且先行词在从句中作主语,从句中谓语动词应与先行词保持人称和数的一致,定语从句中陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,且主语与谓语动词构成被动,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,谓语动词应用单数。故填is attached。
11.lies
考查时态,主谓一致以及倒装句。句意:书的上面放着你要找的相册。根据句子分析可知,句中地点状语On top of the books提至句首,要用完全倒装结构,故设空处为谓语动词,the photo album为主语。本句意在表述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,且谓语动词用三单形式。故填lies。
12.are impressed
考查固定短语和时态。句意:游客们对人们为新江苏而努力印象深刻。根据句意可知,此处是固定短语be impressed by“对......印象深刻”,该词是主句谓语动词,结合语境和下文的are working可知,此处陈述现在发生的事情,应用一般现在时,主语visitors是复数,be动词用are。故填are impressed。
13.is admitted
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:人们承认这个房子确实值得买,因为它所有的大窗户都能让光线照进房间。根据“because all its wide windows admit light into the room”使用的一般现在时可知,空处也用一般现在时,动词admit和主语It之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语It是第三人称单数,故填is admitted。
14.is
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我们所需要的是一小块土地,在一年中生长的季节我们能在那里种植各种各样的果树。句中All we need相当于All that we need,在句中作主语,故谓语动词应用单数;且本句表达的是现在的客观需要,故用一般现在时。故填is。
15.have been produced
考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几年里,世界各地制作了成千上万的电影。根据时间状语In the last few years 可知,空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态,因为电影是被制作,所以空处需用现在完成时态的被动语态:have/has been done,主语是复数thousands of films,所以空处助动词需用have。故填have been produced。
16.has received
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的两年里,公园已经从养殖场接收了650只猴子。分析可知,所填动词应是句子谓语,结合时间状语“Over the last two years”可知,应是现在完成时,主语“the park”为第三人称单数,应用第三人称单数形式“has done”。故填has received。
17.is
考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意:专家说需要的是持续的关注和维护。由句子结构可知,that引导宾语从句,从句的主语是主语从句what is needed,从句作主语,谓语动词用单数,根据语境,用一般现在时。故填is。
18.has served
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:自从毕业后就在部队服役的是汤姆,而不是我。根据时间状语“ever since graduation(自从毕业)”可知,应用现在完成时;“rather than”连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致,应用单数形式;主语“Tom”与“serve”是主动关系,应用主动语态。故填has served。
19.are
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在19个已确认的北极熊亚群中,3个正在减少,6个稳定,1个在增加,还有9个缺乏足够的数据。根据空白处前面的are及空白处后面的is和lack可知,本句是现在时态,根据six可知,此处填are。故填are。
20.are
考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意:众所周知,警察就是抓小偷和强盗的人。分析句子,结合定语从句“ who catch thieves and robbers. ”可知,主句的时态用一般现在时;police“警察”为集合名词,指警察里面具体的人时,表示复数含义,谓语用复数;指警方这个整体时,是单数的,此时谓语用单数。本题中,结合空白处后“people”可知,表示人,所以be用复数。故填are。
21.lies
考查主谓一致。句意:在我们村的西边有一条小河,我小时候常去那里游泳。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。分析句子可知,句子为为完全倒装句,主语为a river,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填lies。
22.goes
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:无论他到哪里,我都会跟着他。wherever引导让步状语从句,根据“主将从现”原则,主句时态用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替将来时。从句主语为he,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填goes。
23.is
考查主谓一致。句意:我父母和我妹妹今天都不在家。由句中使用neither ...nor(既不……也不)连接两个主语可知,主谓一致应遵循“就近原则”,即和较近的主语保持一致,就近的主语“my sister”为单数,谓语动词用三单,根据时间状语today(今天)可知,时态为一般现在时,故填is。
24.are
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:不仅他,而且他的父母都被小丑的滑稽表演逗乐了。本句描述主语现在的状态,用一般现在时,not only…but also…(不但……而且……)连接两个主语时,谓语动词采取就近一致原则,即谓语动词要与离其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致,在本句中谓语be离his parents最近,his parents是复数,谓语也用复数形式。故填are。
25.has been
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:自从日本向海洋中排放核废料以来,三分之二的水被污染了。根据时间状语since,此处需要用现在完成时态,主语water和谓语动词pollute之间是被动关系,所以需要用现在完成时的被动语态。主语是不可数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
26.has been spent
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:为了让我们能享受一个更美丽的校园,已经在这个项目上花费了一万美元。表示到现在为止已经在这个项目上花费了一万美元,用现在完成时。又主语Ten thousand dollars和动词spend是被动关系,空处用现在完成时的被动。表示金钱的Ten thousand dollars作主语,谓语用单数。综上,故填has been spent。
27.was
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查一般过去时。句意:你禁不住想知道,当时的人们要把这些石头放在合适的位置有多难。分析句子可知,“how hard it______ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,“把石头放到适当的位置”陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
28.was built
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查被动语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知,空格处为谓语,动词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语it为第三人称单数,谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填was built。
29.have taken place
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几年中,上海发生了巨大的变化。由时间状语in the last few years可知,空处谓语动词需用现在完成时:have/has done,主语是复数changes,所以此处助动词需用have。故填have taken place。
30.has experienced/has been experiencing
考查动词时态。句意:跟很多的工业化国家一样,在过去的一百年中,英国已经经历了巨大的改变。根据时间状语over the last 100 years可知,该句为现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)或现在完成进行时(have/has+been+现在分词),因主语Britain为第三人称单数,主谓语法一致,故填has experienced/has been experiencing。
31.is
考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:爬山真有趣。非谓语动词(动名词)作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数,根据句意,句子为一般现在时。故填is。
32.have been working
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查现在完成进行时。句意:我头疼,因为我已经在那台电脑前工作了8个小时了。根据目前的状况“I have a headache”和for 8 hours可知,过去发生的动作一直持续到现在,还有可能继续持续下去,所以句子用现在完成进行时。且句子主语是I,谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been working。
33.is increasing
考查时态。句意:当今,在中国,学习英语的人数正在迅速增加。分析可知空格处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语Today可知描述的是现在正在发生的事情,所以用现在进行时态,主语the number 为单三人称,结合主谓一致可知答案为is increasing。
34.has become
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意:成功返回后,嫦娥五号成为自1976年以来的首个登月带样品返回的航天器。根据时间状语since 1976可知,应该用现在完成时,且句子主语Chang’e 5是第三人称单数形式,谓语动词用动词的单数第三人分成形式。故填has become。
35.was interviewed
考查时态和语态。句意:设计师和模特们,在完成他们精彩的表演后,接受了采访。分析句子结构可知,空处做谓语,句子描述的是过去的事,应用一般过去时,主语the designer, as well as the models(设计师和模特们)和动词interview(采访)是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动。且当as well as(也)连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数与前一个主语保持一致,所以此处谓语动词的数与the designer(设计者)保持一致,应用was interviewed,故填was interviewed。
36.are
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:自行车是世界上一种非常常见的交通工具。全世界大约有10亿辆自行车。句子陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,句子为there be句型,句子主语为about one billion bicycles, 为复数形式,应与are连用。故填are。
37.are preparing
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:——那可怕的噪音是什么?——邻居们正在准备聚会。结合语境可知,此处表示某一时刻正在进行的动作,需用现在进行时,其基本构成形式是:am/is/are+doing,主语是the neighbors,谓语动词使用复数形式。故填are preparing。
38.is
考查就近原则。句意:要么你或者你的一个学生要去参加明天的会议。either...or连接2个并列主语时,谓语动词和较近的主语保持一致,本句be和one of your students中的one保持一致,所以用单数形式。故填is。
39.are employed
考查被动语态。句意:现在许多毕业生在电子和计算机行业工作。谓语动词employ“雇佣”和主语Many graduates是被动关系,应用被动语态,结构为be+动词的过去分词,根据句意,用一般现在时,主语为复数名词,主谓一致,故填are employed。
40.has been used
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:这是该技术第一次被用来记录大脑是如何处理语法和产生单词的。分析可知,此处为固定句型It is the first time (that) sb./sth. have/has done“某人/物第一次做某事”,应用现在完成时;主语the technique和use之间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been done;主语是单数,助动词用has。故填has been used。
【点睛】
41.has spoken
考查动词时态。句意:这是这个男孩第一次和外国人说话。在“It/This is the first time that... ”结构中,从句要求用现在完成时。从句主语为boy,助动词应用has。故填has spoken。
42.is competing
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:不只是学生还有老师现在正在参加体育比赛。根据句意,at the moment 意为“目前;现在”,谓语动词需要用现在进行时,结构为be+动词现在分词。主语由not only…but also连接,谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”,因“the teacher”为单数,故填is competing。
43.does
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:太阳不仅给我们光,还给我们热。结合语境和下文的gives,可知本句陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;not only置于句首时,所在句子要进行部分倒装,即把“情态动词/be/助动词”置于主语之前,本句主语the sun是第三人称单数,谓语动词为give,对应的助动词应是does。故填does。
44.helps
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:她和队友们每周帮助村民们销售近50万公斤橘子。根据后文every week可知应用一般现在时,且主语后接介词短语together with her teammates时,不影响主语的人称和数,谓语动词应根据主语的人称和数来确定,即谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填helps。
45.is
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:不仅你和我,而且我们学校的尖子生皮特都不能解决这个问题。描述主语现在的状态,用一般现在时;not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词需要和就近的主语保持单复数一致,这里较近的主语是Peter,所以be动词要用单数形式,故填is。
46.am
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:他和我都不是这个职位的合适人选。neither...nor连接两个并列主语时需要遵循就近原则,本句谓语动词be和主语I较近,故和I保持一致,此处是叙述现在的事实,所以用一般现在时,故填am。
47.have done
考查时态。句意:我要感谢北京2022年冬奥会组委会到目前为止所做的出色工作。根据时间状语so far,可知用现在完成时,主语为they,助动词用have。故填have done。
48.gives
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:提前完成任务给了他很大的信心。句子主语Finishing the task,为动名词做主语,所以谓语用单数形式;根据句子语境,选用一般现在时。故填gives。
49.are lying
考查时态。句意:看!有些人正躺在沙滩上晒日光浴。根据Look可知这里表示动作正在发生,用现在进行时,Some people是复数,谓语动词用复数,所以填are lying。
50.are
考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:在他的包里面是一些书和纸。分析句子可知,这里地点状语置于句首的完全倒装句,主语为 some books and paper,所以谓语动词用复数形式,陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。故填are。
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