2023届高考英语二轮复习专题课件：非谓语动词-语法疏通

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习专题课件：非谓语动词-语法疏通，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了非谓语动词使用条件，非谓语动词，动名词，现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式，sb to do，作主语，doing，作宾语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

在句子中担任谓语的动词
是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She gt ff the bus, leaving her handbag n her seat.She gt ff the bus, but left her handbag n her seat.
一. 动词不定式的基本构成：
动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。其构成形式为(t)＋ d，否定式为：nt＋(t) d。
肯定式：t d sth 否定式：nt t d sth. 被动式：t be dne 完成式：t have dne
T d that srt f thing is flish.
I want t see yu this evening
All yu have t d is t finish it quickly.
We fund a huse t live in.
She came here t study English.
I warned the patient nt t eat cld water after the peratin.
(1)不定式作主语常表示具体的动作T finish the wrk in ten minutes is very hard.T see is t believe． Nt t get there in time is yur fault.
(2)it作形式主语的常用句式①It＋be＋n.＋t d sth②It takes sb＋sme time＋t d sth③It＋be＋adj.＋fr/f sb＋t d sth
[名师指津]　在第三个句式中，若形容词为careless，clever，gd，flish，hnest，kind，lazy，nice，right，silly，stupid，wise等表示人的品质特征的形容词，介词常用f，其他形容词用fr。It's an hnur fr me t be invited t give yu a speech.It is stupid f yu t write dwn everything the teacher says.
Her jb is t clean the hall.He appears t have caught a cld.
Yur task ______________(努力学习).
is t study hard
is t teach yu English.
(1)动词＋不定式常见的此类动词有：affrd(付得起)，agree(同意)，aim(力求做到)，appear(显得)，arrange(安排)，ask(要求)，attempt(试图)，care(想要)，chse(决定)，claim(声称)，decide(决定)，demand(要求)，determine(决心)，pretend(假装)等。
She pretended nt t see me when I passed by.I dn’t expect t meet yu here.I want t knw this matter.
(2)动词＋疑问词＋不定式常见的此类动词有：decide，knw，cnsider，frget，learn，remember，shw，understand，see，wnder，hear，find ut，explain，tell等。
There are s many kinds f tape-recrders n sale that I can't decide which t buy.
(3)介词＋疑问词＋不定式
He gave us sme advice n hw t learn English.
think feelcnsiderfind make
Students thught______________________.
it interesting t play cmputer games.
it + adj.+ t d
(1)常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有：want，wish，ask，tell，rder，beg，permit，help，advise，persuade，allw，prepare，cause，frce，invite，cnsider，call n，wait fr等。
Father des nt allw us t play n the street.We cnsider Tm t be ne f the best students in ur class.
(2)有些使役动词和感官动词如make，let，have，see，watch，hear，feel等后常跟不带t的不定式作宾补，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加t。
I saw him crss the rad.He was seen t crss the rad.
want expect wish allw advise ask cause frce beg encurage invite rder  warn remindpermit prmiserequest persuade …
see watch lk athearlisten t feelntice
make lethave
注：以上词语用于被动语态要还原“t”
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。有以下几种情况：(1)不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”，即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受者；如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词。
I have a lt f things t d.The Brwns have a cmfrtable huse t live in.
(2)若名词前有序数词、最高级或n, all, nly等修饰，后面一般用不定式作定语。
He was the last ne t leave schl yesterday.
(3)有一些抽象名词常用不定式作定语，常见的有：ability，chance, attempt, decisin, warning, prmise等。
Their decisin t give up the experiment surprised us.
(1)表示目的，可以放在句末，也可以放在句首。
He wrked day and night t get the mney.T buy the watch chain，she sld her hair.
(2)表示结果，往往是与预期愿望相反的结果 ，常放在never ，nly等词后。
He hurried t the statin nly t find the train had gne.
(3)表示原因，常放在形容词后面。
They were very sad t hear the news.
It's t dark fr us t see anything.The questin is simple enugh fr him t answer.
(4)表示程度：常用结构是，enugh t...
T tell yu the truth，I dn't like the way he talked.
不定式中动词的省略：保留t省略t后的动词。
If yu dn't want t d it，yu dn't need t.
不定式符号t的省略：两个并列的不定式，第二个不定式符号t可省略。
He wished t study medicine and becme a dctr.
一. 动名词的基本构成：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。其构成形式为：ding，其否定式为：nt＋ding。
肯定式：ding sth 否定式：nt ding sth. 被动式：being dne 完成式：having dne
1.Swimming is his favrite sprt. 2.He enjys swimming. 3.His favrite sprt is swimming pl in ur village is being built.
（作宾语）
（作表语）
（作定语）
动名词作主语常表示一般的动作Reading alud is very helpful.Cllecting stamps is interesting.
In the ant city，the queen's jb is laying eggs.
(1)作动词(短语)的宾语。要记住下列动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjy，finish，suggest，avid(避免)，excuse，delay，imagine，keep，miss，cnsider，admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mind，permit，frbid，practise，risk(冒险)，appreciate(感激)，be busy，be wrth，feel like，can't stand，can't help(情不自禁地)，think f，dream f，be fnd f，prevent...(frm)，，stp...(frm)，，set abut，be engaged in，spend...(in)，succeed in，be/get used t(习惯于)，lk frward t，bject t，pay attentin t，insist n，feel like
They haven't finished building the dam.
enjy finishpractice mindavid suggestadmit escapemiss imaginerisk
advisecnsiderallwpermitfrbid
dingsb. t d
常见带ding作宾语的动词
avid; enjy; fancy; mind; finish; cnsider; suggest; frgive; pardn;acknwledge; admit; pstpne; delay ; recall; fancy ;avid; miss; keep; practise; deny; cmplete; finish ; cease; quit; appreciate;frbid; prevent ; imagine; risk; can’t help; mind; escape; ; stand appreciate; allw; advise; dislike; excuse; allw; resist;understand 等
记忆口诀：考虑建议倡原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否定完成弃欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意弃逃亡。
cnsider考虑 suggest/advise建议 advcate提倡主张 frgive/pardn 原谅acknwledge/admit 承认 pstpne /delay 延迟 recall回想 fancy 幻想爱好avid避免 miss错过 keep保持 practise练习实践deny否认 cmplete /finish 完成 quit 放弃 appreciate感激欣赏frbid /prevent 禁止 imagine设想 risk冒险can’t help 不禁 mind介意 escape逃避
有时我很感激欣赏(appreciate)我的孩子，但总是避免(avid)承认(admit)这一点，请允许(allw)我寻求您的建议(advise)，您考虑(cnsider)后告诉我如何克服这个小缺点。还有，我的孩子总是拖延(delay)他不喜欢(dislike)的事，不可否认(deny)这就是逃避(escape)。老师原谅(excuse)了他，但是告诫他要喜欢(enjy)自己的该做的事。我曾经禁止(frbid)他凭空想象(fancy)赶快完成(finish)自己手头的事，他反对我并保持(keep)他的想象(imagine)，说介意(mind)自已会错过(miss)任何灵感。有专家告诉我要允许(allw)孩子去实践(practise)，去冒险(risk)，因为孩子不能抵制(resist)自己闯的诱惑，只要建议(suggest)他忍受(stand)住任何学习工作的艰苦就可以了。最终孩子一定会理解(understand)的。
We have t prevent the air frm being plluted.
lk frward t can’t helpbe used t can’t stand have fun feel like give up put ffpay attentin thave difficulty (in)insist n lead tdevte t bject t
like lve preferstartbegincntinue
frgetrememberregretstptrymeang n
needwant requiredeservebe wrth
dingt be dne
动名词作定语表示的是被修饰的事物的性质或用途。
He bught a ticket fr a sleeping car fr his vacatin.There is a swimming pl in the backyard.
动名词前面带上自己的逻辑主语便构成了动名词的复合结构。其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格来充当。在口语中，物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格代替。
D yu mind my/me pening the dr?I can't imagine Mary's/Mary marrying such a yung man.
His/Tm's being late made the teacher angry.(√)Him/Tm being late made the teacher angry.(×)
现在分词：ding 过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词
t be discussed
3. The tpics _______________ (discuss) at yesterday’s meeting was abut the Olympics 2008.
2. The tpics ________________(discuss) at tmrrw’s meeting is cncerned abut the Olympics 2008.
1. The tpics being discussed everywhere recently is cncerned abut the Olympics 2008.
现在分词与过去分词的区别：
1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动
D yu knw the wman talking t Tm?The sldier wunded in the war has becme a dctr.
2. 时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成
biling water 正在沸腾的水（表正在进行） biled water 开水（表完成）develping cuntries 发展中国家 develped cuntries 发达国家a disappinting lk 一个令人失望的表情 a disappinted lk 一个失望的表情注：修饰人的表情、脸色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg. With a disappinted lk n his face, he lked very sad.
现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，就放在被修饰的名词之后。
He is a prmising yung man.  Make less nise. There’s a sleeping child.  
The yung man sitting between Jhn and Mary is the editr f the campus newspaper.  
（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。
Thse wh wish t jin the club shuld sign here
(Thse wishing t jin this club shuld sign here.   
The man,  wh had been disturbed s badly, almst lst his memry.
(The man, having been disturbed s badly, almst lst his memry.
当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前；如果是过去分词短语，则放在名词的后面。过去分词短语作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Our class went n an rganized trip last Mnday.Thse selected as cmmittee members will attend the meeting.＝Thse wh are selected as cmmittee members will attend the meeting.
（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。
the questin discussed yesterday 
昨天讨论的问题  （既表示被动也表示完成）
the fallen leaves 
落下的树叶  (只表示完成，不表示被动)
biled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)newly arrived gds(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)the changed wrld(变了的世界)
They were frightened at the sad sight.The present situatin is inspiring.The film being shwn in the cinema is exciting.
[名师指津]　be＋ding既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词作表语，它们的区别在于be＋ding表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。be ＋过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。The windw is brken.窗户破了。(系表结构)The windw was brken by the by.(被动语态)
(1)表示原因Being a League member，he is always helping thers.Praised by the neighburs，he became the pride f his parents.(2)表示时间(While) Wrking in the factry，he was an advanced wrker.Once seen，it can never be frgtten.(3)表示条件Playing all day，yu will waste yur valuable time.Given mre time，I'll be able t d it better.
(4)表示让步Thugh raining heavily，it cleared up very sn.Thugh tld f the danger，he still risked his life t save the by.(5)表示伴随He stayed at hme，cleaning and washing.Filled with hpes and fears，he entered the cave.(6)表示结果He drpped the glass，breaking it int pieces.(7)表示目的He went swimming the ther day.
Hearing the bad news, they culdn’t help crying.
When they heard the bad news
Given mre attentin, the trees culd have grwn better.
If they had been given mre attentin
Being s angry, he culdn’t g t sleep.
Because he was s angry
They came int the classrm,singing and laughing.
T serve the peple well, I study hard.
Because she was mved by the her, she decided t study harder.
When he fund the dr lcked, he went hme.
He started early in rder that he culd get there n time.
现在分词作宾语补足语强调动作正在进行：see，watch，hear，feel，find，ntice，bserve，listen t，lk at，catch，leave，get，have，keep等。Can yu hear her singing the sng in the next rm?He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.He kept the car waiting at the gate.过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动和完成，或无时间性：感官动词see，watch，hear，feel，find，ntice，bserve，listen t，lk at和使役动词have，make，get等。I heard the sng sung several times last week.He had his luggage checked an hur befre his plane left.He spke alud enugh t make himself heard.
“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看：see、watch、lk at、ntice、bserve3使：make、let、have2听：hear、listen t1感觉：feel
注意：1.have sth. dne 还表示 “使…遭受…”Eg: Mr.Smith had his huse brken int while he was away n hliday. 2. have sb. ding 用于否定句中表示 “容忍”Eg:I wn’t have yu speaking t yur dad like that.
Jhn received an invitatin t dinner，and with his wrk finished，he gladly accepted it.With a lt f difficult prblems t settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.With the little by leading the way，we had n difficulty finding the village.
（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 名词1) The brave man fught the tiger with a stick his nly weapn. 2) He was carried int the hspital, with his face a mass f bleeding flesh.
（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词1) The teacher came int the classrm with a bk in his hand. 2) He was asleep with his head n his arms. 3) Family dependants, when ill, enjy free medical treatment, with medicines at half price.
3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词1) He went ut with his hat n. 2) The square lks mre beautiful than ever with her lights n.
4）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词1) Dn’t speak with yur muth full. 2) The nce lwly serfs nw walk with heads high.
5）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词1) With the ld man leading, the tw started tward the muntains. 2) With everyne surrunding us we can certainly succeed. 3) She felt very nervus with s many peple lking at her.
（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ed分词All the afternn he wrked with the dr lcked. He died with his life’s wrk still unfinished. With his matter settled, we left the rm.
（7）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery t d mst f the wrk. This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties t be vercme. With five minutes t g befre the last train left, we arrived here.
独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点：(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物；(2)独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。
1．独立主格结构的形式：
（1）名词 / 代词 + -ing分词及其短语
The mn appearing, they decided t g n with their jurney.
（2）名词 / 代词 + -ed分词及其短语
Gd-bye said, we went hme. All things cnsidered, it is a gd plan.
（3）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语
The weather (being) ht, we all went swimming. Dinner ready, the hstess asked her guests t be seated.
（4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语
The mney t be paid by the driver, the plice went away. Here are the first tw vlumes, the third ne t cme ut next mnth.
（5）名词 / 代词 + 副词及其短语
The meeting (being) ver, we left the rm.
（6）名词 / 代词 + 介词及其短语
She std there, bk in hand. Everybdy at hme, we sat dwn t dinner.