高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures精练

Section B　Reading and Thinking

必备知识基础练

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.What you wear should be stylish and clean,and must 　　　　　(definite) fit well. 

答案definitely

2. 　　　　　(fortunate),people are beginning to realize how serious this situation is. 

答案Fortunately

3.I was more than glad to 　　　　　(admit) into the key university after years of hard work. 

答案be admitted

4.It occurred 　　　　　me to go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home. 

答案to

5.Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is 　　　　　(suit) for the job. 

答案suitable

6.The driver narrowly escaped 　　　　　(kill) in the traffic accident. 

答案being killed

7.He makes 　　　　　living by doing business alone and supports a large family. 

答案a

8.Some people fear that air pollution may bring 　　　　　changes in the weather around the world. 

答案about

9.The 　　　　　(select) of TV programmes,especially at the weekend,leaves a lot to be desired. 

答案selection

10.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 　　　　　(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 

答案to find

Ⅱ.短语填空(注意动词的适当形式)

bring about,earn a living,open up,head to,join to,seek one’s fortune,a series of, apart from

1.The people present at the meeting put forward 　　　　　　　　　　　questions last night. 

答案a series of

2.　　　　　　　　　　　a few spelling mistakes,this composition of yours is well written. 

答案Apart from

3.In order to support the family,Mr Brown 　　　　　　　　　　　a restaurant in the city. 

答案opened up

4.I 　　　　　　　　　　　Guangzhou recently to help launch our new company. 

答案headed to

5.It is known to all that South America is 　　　　　　　　　　　North America by a canal. 

答案joined to

6.It was not long before they left their village to 　　　　　　　　　　　in big cities. 

答案seek their fortune

7.It is science and technology that has 　　　　　　　　　　　great changes in our lives. 

答案brought about

8.What did you do to 　　　　　　　　　　　when you were living abroad? 

答案earn a living

Ⅲ.一句多译

1.毕业后,简在幼儿园任教谋生。

After graduation,Jane　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　by teaching children in a kindergarten. 

→After graduation,Jane　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　by teaching children in a kindergarten. 

答案earned a living;made a living

2.除了一本字典外,我还买了几本英文小说。

　　　 　　　　　a dictionary,I also bought several English novels. 

→　　　　　 　　　　　a dictionary,I also bought several English novels. 

答案Apart from;Aside from

3.我突然想起我离开教室时忘了锁门。

I suddenly　　　　　 　　　　　I didn’t lock the classroom before I left. 

→It suddenly　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　that I didn’t lock the classroom before I left. 

答案remembered that;occurred to me

4.因为它位于一座大山的顶部,这个城市可以让我们看到大海的美景。

As it　　　　　 　　　　　on the top of a big hill,the city offers a good view of the ocean. 

→　　　　　 on the top of a big hill,the city offers a good view of the ocean. 

答案is located;Located/Standing

关键能力提升练

Ⅳ.阅读理解

(2020·辽宁葫芦岛高一下期末)

American culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions.The major factors contributing to the making of this new nation and the forming of a new culture are the hard environment,ethnic diversity and plural religion,which are quite different from other nations in the world.What is more,these elements are still influencing the American culture.

The early immigrants who were English settled in the northeast part of America from 1607 to 1892.Frontiers were pushed further west.The frontiersmen looked for a land of rich resources and a land of promise,opportunity and freedom.Actually they looked for a better life.So individualism,self-reliance,and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage of America.

In history,people from different countries in the world rushed to America three times.They brought their own culture to America and later on,different cultures were mixed together.Thus the unique American culture was formed,a common cultural life with commonly shared values.

The fundamental American belief in individual freedom and the fight of individuals to practice their own religion is at the centre of religious experience in the United States.The great diversity of ethnic backgrounds has produced religious pluralism(多元化);almost all of the religions of the world are now practiced in the United States.

Nowadays,we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current American society.American family is typically parents and their unmarried children.Middle-aged and elderly people generally do not live with their married children.The people in America have a very strong desire to start a new life in a new place.Quite a number of people change residences every year.The average American moves fourteen times in his lifetime.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要叙述的是美国文化独特的原因,介绍了影响美国文化的三个主要因素并分别介绍了这三个因素影响美国文化的具体原因。

1.We can learn from this article that 　　　. 

A.the population of the United States includes a large variety of ethnic groups

B.the early immigrants brought about the unique American culture

C.people in the world once rushed to America because of its unique culture

D.the American family members don’t get along well with each other

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“In history,people from different countries in the world rushed to America three times.”可知,历史上来自不同国家的人曾三次涌进美国,这给美国的文化带来了种族方面的多元化。故A项正确。

2.What’s the author’s attitude towards American culture?

A.He is critical of it.

B.He admires it very much.

C.He just states the facts.

D.He looks down upon it.

答案C

解析推理判断题。作者在文章中客观叙述了影响美国文化的三个主要因素:the hard environment,ethnic diversity 和 plural religion。并没有发表个人观点,所以C项叙述正确。

3.The last paragraph is about 　　　. 

A.the family structure in American society

B.the influence of the three elements in the current American society

C.the new lifestyle of American family

D.the reason why American people like to change residences

答案B

解析主旨大意题。根据本段中心句即第一句“Nowadays,we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current American society.”可知,本段主要叙述的是这三个因素在当今美国社会中的影响。故B项正确。

4.What might be the most suitable title of this article?

A.The Immigrants in America

B.Why American Culture Is Unique

C.The Influence of American Culture

D.Plural Religion and American Culture

答案B

解析主旨大意题。根据文章中心句第一句“American culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions.”可知,本文主要叙述的是美国文化独特的原因,介绍了影响美国文化的三个主要因素并分别介绍了这三个因素影响美国文化的具体原因。故B项正确。

Ⅴ.七选五

(2021·重庆育才中学高一月考)

What is culture?

Culture is too complex to define in simple terms.　1　 One is that culture is a total pattern of behaviour that is consistent in its components.Another fundamental is that culture is learned behaviour.The third is that culture is behaviour that is shared by a group of people. 

To understand the culture of a particular country or region,one could examine its components,among which are material culture,language,and social organisation.Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society,not including those physical things found in nature,unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people.　2　The way we consume and what we consume are heavily influenced by material culture. 

　3　Linked with all other aspects of culture,it reflects the nature and values of that culture.Industrialised societies have a rich vocabulary for commercial and industrial activities,while less industrialised societies may have richer vocabularies for matters important to their societies.The Eskimos in Alaska have many words to describe snow whereas English has only one general term. 

Social organisation differs somewhat from society to society.The primary kind of community association is based on blood ties.　4　.It provides mutual protection,psychological support,and a kind of economic insurance or social security for its members.The term “brothers” in Zaire includes those whom we call cousins and uncles. 

Cultural analysis serves a variety of purposes.Understanding the various dimensions and their inter- relatedness helps promote cross-cultural awareness.　5　 

A.Some scholars even suggest that it is useless to try.

B.Language is the most obvious difference between cultures.

C.However,there are certain agreed-on fundamentals that can be easily identified.

D.The values represented within a culture can also change with the passing of time.

E.For example,a mouse running on a street is not part of a culture,but the Mickey Mouse is.

F.In many developing countries,the extended family fulfills several social and economic roles.

G.It leads on to the promotion of goodwill,social and economic planning and harmony between social groupings or societies.

答案与解析

【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章从三个方面论述了什么是文化,如何理解文化,以及分析文化有何好处。

1.C　根据上一句:文化太复杂,不能用简单的术语来定义。而下面却又给文化下了定义,可知,文化虽复杂,不好简单定义,但在某些方面还是达成共识的。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知C项中的“however”表示转折,符合题意,故选C项。

2.E　根据空格的上句“Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society,not including those physical things found in nature,unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people”可知,物质文化不包括自然界中发现的物质事物,除非它们经历了某种变化或被人们赋予了意义。分析选项可知E项中说的过街老鼠不是物质文化的一部分,但米老鼠就被赋予了意义,成为文化的一部分。由此可推断E项符合题意,故选E项。

3.B　本空格所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”“words”“English”等,都属于语言(Language)的范畴,可知本段主要讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异,分析选项可知B项符合语境,故选B项。

4.F　根据空前的“第一种社区交往是以血缘关系为基础的。”可知,此处是指以血缘关系为基础的即是家庭(family)。结合下句“它为其成员提供相互保护、心理支持和一种经济保险或社会保障。”可知,大家庭在社会经济中的作用。结合空格前后的语境可知,本段主要介绍了大家庭发挥了若干社会和经济作用。分析选项可知F项符合题意,故选F项。

5.G　根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的“了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出空格主要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知G项符合题意,故选G项。