人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课时练习

Section B　Reading and Thinking

必备知识基础练

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.Babies are not born knowing the basic fact of 　　　　　universe. 

答案the

2.She 　　　　　(signal) a passing taxi and asked him to take her to the railway station. 

答案signalled

3.The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students 　　　　　(independent). 

答案independently

4.I handed out my resumes and went home feeling very 　　　　　(disappoint). 

答案disappointed

5.While 　　　　　(intelligence) people can often simplify the complex,a fool is more likely to complicate the simple. 

答案intelligent

6.Johnny broke away and ran outside,determined never 　　　　　(go) to another dance. 

答案to go

7.Our feelings of well-being at any moment are 　　　　(determine) to a certain degree by genes. 

答案determined

8.He has improved greatly at piano playing after a year’s 　　　　　(far) study. 

答案further

9.Chang’e 4 has been sent 　　　　　(explore) the far side of the moon. 

答案to explore

10.It took him a long time 　　　　　(acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 

答案to acquire

Ⅱ.短语填空(注意动词的适当形式)

first of all,make sure,succeed in,on board,carry on,in the hope of,be independent of,be disappointed at,be curious about,be related to

1.I come here 　　　　　　　knowing more about the accident from you. 

答案in the hope of

2.They 　　　　　　　the immigrant who lived upstairs alone and wanted to pay a visit to him. 

答案were curious about

3.She looked around to 　　　　　　　that she was alone and then entered the nearby bar. 

答案make sure

4.A high percentage of the crime in this area 　　　　　　　drug abuse,so the police are taking measures to fight against drugs. 

答案is related to

5.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and 　　　　　　　your super work? 

答案carry on

6.　　　　　　　,pay more attention to your health. 

答案First of all

7.Have the passengers been 　　　　　　　yet?The plane to Mexico is about to take off. 

答案on board

8.We 　　　　　　　the news that he failed in the election of astronauts. 

答案were disappointed at

9.It was important for me to 　　　　　　　my parents financially and mentally. 

答案be independent of

10.She was lucky and 　　　　　　　entering a college to accept further study. 

答案succeeded in

Ⅲ.一句多译

1.我们的校长总是每天第一个到达学校。

Our headmaster is always the first 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　school every day.(定语从句) 

→Our headmaster is always the first 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　school every day.(动词不定式短语) 

答案who gets to;to get to

2.我弟弟决定大学毕业后当医生。

My brother has 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to be a doctor after he graduates from university.(mind) 

→My brother 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　as a doctor after he graduates from university.(be determined to do) 

答案made up his mind;was determined to work

3.三个多小时后,我们成功地登上了山顶。

After over three hours,we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　up to the top of the mountain.(manage to do) 

→After over three hours,we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　up to the top of the mountain.(succeed in doing) 

答案managed to climb;succeeded in climbing

4.许多人到大城市去希望过好的生活。

Many people go to big cities 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　living a better life.(介词短语) 

→Many people go to big cities 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a better life.(动词-ing形式作伴随状语) 

答案in the hope of;hoping to live

5.我们努力学习是为了在结束中学生涯后考上大学。

We study hard 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to university after we finish middle school.(so as to) 

→We study hard 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to university after we finish middle school.(so that) 

答案so as to go;so that we can go

关键能力提升练

Ⅳ.阅读理解

(2021·广西桂林十八中高一月考)

Our skies are filling up with satellites (卫星).Starting in May 2019,the firm SpaceX has deployed (部署) around 700 Starlink satellites into Earth orbit (轨道) over 11 launches.SpaceX plans to deploy 12,000,and perhaps later 42,000,satellites with the aim of providing access to the entire world.

These satellites have the promise to change the way that the night sky looks.For comparison,there are 2,600 satellites currently orbiting Earth.These days,spotting (发现) a few satellites in the sky is still an exciting activity.

There are many online tools available to predict when you might get a glimpse (一瞥) of a Starlink satellite.One,called Find Starlink ,takes your location (位置) and tells you what time and where in the sky to look.Even with the help of a tool it can still be a game of chance,but if you try a few times,you will eventually see something.

To get the best chance of seeing a Starlink satellite,pick a clear night.Try to get away from light pollution by going to a park or an open field,for example.Let your vision (视力) adjust to the darkness,then keep an eye out for moving sources of light in the sky.Satellites are only visible (可见的) when they reflect sunlight back to Earth.Because of this,the best time to look is just after sunset or just before sunrise,when sunlight is still reflecting off the satellites but it is dark enough to see them.

If you can’t tell whether you are looking at is a satellite or something else,there are a few simple rules to tell the difference.If a point of light is steady and not moving compared with everything else,it is a star.If it is a bright light moving slowly compared with the stars,it is a planet.If it is a bright flash moving extremely quickly across the sky in seconds,it is a meteor (流星).

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了卫星的重要性以及如何分辨卫星。

1.Why does the firm SpaceX plan to send more satellites into space?

A.To change the view of the night sky.

B.To offer more exact location data to the army.

C.To provide information for scientific research.

D.To make Internet available to the whole world.

答案D

解析推理判断题。通过文章第一段“SpaceX plans to deploy 12,000,and perhaps later 42,000,satellites with the aim of providing access to the entire world.”可推知,SpaceX公司计划向太空发射更多的卫星的目的是使全世界都能使用因特网。故选D项。

2.To see a Starlink satellite better,what should we avoid?

A.Choosing a clear night.

B.Staying away from light pollution.

C.Looking at moving light after sunrise.

D.Making your eyes used to the dark sky.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Let your vision adjust to the darkness,then keep an eye out for moving sources of light in the sky.”可知,观测时应该让眼睛适应黑暗,所以我们应该避免看日出后移动的光线。故选C项。

3.What is it if a light point is steady and not moving compared with a building?

A.A star. B.A planet.

C.A meteor. D.A plane.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“If a point of light is steady and not moving compared with everything else,it is a star.”可知,与建筑物相比,如果一个光点是稳定的,而不是移动的,则是恒星。故选A项。

4.Which of the following is True according to the passage?

A.SpaceX has launched 11 Starlink satellites onto Mars.

B.Satellites are only visible when they take in sunlight.

C.The best time to look at satellites is before sunrise as well as after sunset.

D.There are many ways available for people to spot a Starlink satellite online.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Because of this,the best time to look is just after sunset or just before sunrise,when sunlight is still reflecting off the satellites but it is dark enough to see them.”可知,观察卫星的最佳时间是日出前和日落后。故选C项。

Ⅴ.七选五

It sounds like something from science fiction — a space journey into the vast expanse of space,heading towards Mars.While we’re not quite ready to put a person on the land,the question we ask today is:　1　The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight.The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1,an artificial satellite,before anyone else.　2　Now it appears that Mars is the heaven body of desire.While the reputation and bragging (吹嘘) rights to be the first nation to touchdown is an obvious draw,there are other reasons we want to get there. 

　3　You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet.While Mars doesn’t have the right conditions to call it home just yet,there’s always the concept of terraforming (地球化) — changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs. 

However,not everyone agrees.　4　He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth. 

It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life.　5　Now seemingly dead,the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet.One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn’t start here,but was transferred via asteroid (小行星) from Mars. 

A.And the US landed on the Moon first.

B.Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them.

C.One of these could be the survival of our species.

D.why are so many countries interested in going to Mars?

E.It has been believed that,at one time,Mars was abundant with life.

F.Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough.

G.may landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in science?

答案与解析

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章分析了为什么有这么多国家对登陆火星感兴趣。

1.D　根据上文“While we’re not quite ready to put a person on the land,the question we ask today is:”可知,此处会是一个疑问句,内容与登陆火星有关,D项符合题意。故选D项。

2.A　根据上文“The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight.The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1,an artificial satellite,before anyone else.”可知,此处内容与美国在太空方面的领先有关,A项符合题意。故选A项。

3.C　根据下文“You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet.”可知,此处内容与其中一个原因与人类的生存有关,C项中the survival of our species 对应下一句“fossilized remains of the dinosaurs”。C项符合题意。故选C项。

4.B　根据下文“He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.”可知,此处内容与有反对的人有关,下一句代词 he指的是B项中的Neil Tyson。B项符合题意。故选B项。

5.E　根据上文“It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life.”可知,此处内容与地球外的生命有关,且E项中at one time 对应下一句“Now seemingly dead”。E项符合题意。故选E项。