英语必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课后复习题

这是一份英语必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课后复习题，共26页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分7，Glam等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第四单元测评
(时间:120分钟　满分:150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
W:So,how did your driver’s test go?Did you get your license?
M:This wasn’t the actual driver’s test.Today was a written test.If I pass,then I can take the driver’s test.
1.What did the man do today?
A.He took a written test.
B.He passed the driver’s test.
C.He received his driver’s license.
答案A
M:Honey,the beef tastes so different today.How did you cook it?
W:Well,I cooked it with some beer.I learned it from a cookery book.
2.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.At home.　　B.In a bar.　　C.In a restaurant.
答案A
W:Oh! I have to walk home now because I just missed the bus.
M:That’s too bad.You would have caught it if you set out a bit earlier.
3.How will the woman probably go home?
A.By car. B.By bus. C.On foot.
答案C
M:What happened to you?
W:I went to the beach this weekend,and I got sunburnt.I forgot to bring my hat and sunglasses.
M:Oh,I’m sorry to hear that.
4.What happened to the woman?
A.She lost her hat.
B.She got sunburnt.
C.She broke her sunglasses.
答案B
W:I don’t believe a word you are saying.Stop trying to be nice,and just tell me the truth.
M:I’m being honest with you! Why do you always think I’m lying?
W:Because you always touch your nose when you lie!
5.Why does the woman think the man is lying?
A.He is a dishonest person.
B.His body language tells it.
C.She has already known the truth.
答案B
第二节(共15 小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
M:So you are new here?
W:Yes,I’d like to be your secretary.
M:What work have you done before?
W:I used to be a nurse for six years.Then I worked in a bank.Before I came here,I was a manager in a large hotel.Now I’m a secretary.You know,having been a secretary for nearly one year and a half,I think I’m now rich in experience.
M:One and a half years?In Washington?
W:No,I had worked in New York for nearly three years before I came here five months ago.
6.What are the speakers doing?
A.Having a class.
B.Having an interview.
C.Having a meeting.
答案B
7.How long has the woman been in Washington?
A.For 2 years.
B.For 1.5 years.
C.For 5 months.
答案C
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
W:Hey,can’t you be a bit faster?You’re making the whole group wait for you.
M:How can you blame it on me?I’m having trouble operating this machine.It is designed for you,right-handers.
W:You always complain about these machines.But you are not the only one using the left hand.To tell you the truth,I’m also left-handed.
M:You are?
W:Yeah.You should spend some time getting used to it in advance.Then you can do it quickly.
M:OK,I will try.
8.What are the speakers talking about?
A.Using the left hand.
B.Operating machines.
C.Designing machines.
答案B
9.Who is the machine designed for?
A.Right-handers.
B.Left-handers.
C.Newcomers.
答案A
10.What can we learn from the conversation?
A.Left-handers can’t run the machines.
B.The woman only uses her right hand.
C.The woman is more skillful than the man.
答案C
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
M:Good evening,madam.May I help you?
W:Yes,please.I’d like to have a bigger room.You know,you didn’t have bigger ones when I checked in because London Export Commodities Fair was being held,so I’ve been staying in a small one these days.
M:I see.The fair was over yesterday.Now we do have vacant bigger rooms.When do you want to change your room?
W:Tomorrow evening.
M:I’d like to let you know that the check-out time is 12:00 in the middle of the day.
W:I see.What’s the rate for a bigger room?
M:￡40 per night.By the way,would you like a room facing the Thames River or a room facing the Big Ben?
W:I’d prefer a room facing the Thames River.
11.What does the woman want to do?
A.Book a room.
B.Change rooms.
C.Check out.
答案B
12.When is the check-out time?
A.12:00 at noon.
B.10:00 in the morning.
C.2:00 in the afternoon.
答案A
13.What kind of room does the woman like?
A.One facing the Big Ben.
B.One facing the Thames River.
C.One facing the London Bridge.
答案B
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
M:Hey,Ivanna! How’s it going?
W:Good! I haven’t seen you for a while,Frank.Where have you been?
M:I joined a new club.
W:Really?Like a health club?
M:No,a club for people who have the same hobby.In my case,it’s soccer! And it’s fun.
W:Well,at least you’re having fun.Studying for finals is taking up all my time.And I have a job now,too.
M:Oh,great! Where are you working?
W:At a little café downtown.My parents told me to stop asking them for money,so I’m working over the summer.I opened my own bank account so I can deposit whatever I don’t spend.
M:Wow! You’re so mature.My parents could hang a sign over my door telling me the same thing,and I’d walk right past it every day.
W:Everyone is different.You stay in great shape.
M:Yeah,but you always turn your homework in on time.I never plan ahead.I forget about it until the night before.
W:Well,I always do a little bit at a time,so I don’t get stressed out.Maybe you should try that.
14.What did Frank just join?
A.A health club.
B.A soccer club.
C.A study group.
答案B
15.Why did the woman get a part-time job?
A.To help her parents with expenses.
B.To save up for an apartment.
C.To be more independent.
答案C
16.What does the woman advise the man to do?
A.Do his homework little by little.
B.Help her with her homework.
C.Listen to his parents more.
答案A
17.What does the woman do?
A.She is a bank clerk.
B.She is a student.
C.She is a waitress.
答案B
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
Good morning! Before the exam begins,I’d like to go over some information with you.First of all,this is the Academic Test of English for International Students,and this is Room 405.If you are here for the SAT,please go to
Room 204.If you are here for the GRE,go to Room 307.Okay,then,the rest of you are here for the English test.
So,to begin with,you shall not take anything with you into the testing rooms.That means mobile phones,iPads,pens,paper,pencils,etc..You will each be given a locker and a key.You should put all of your belongings in the lockers.While you are waiting to be called for your speaking test,you shall ask one of the monitors for permission to use the restroom.Only one female and one male candidate will be allowed to use the facilities separately at a time.Also,once your name and number have been called,you must go directly to your testing room.
18.Which room is for the Academic Test of English?
A.Room 204. B.Room 307. C.Room 405.
答案C
19.Where should the students put all their belongings?
A.In the lockers with keys.
B.On the chairs outside the testing rooms.
C.In the front of the testing room.
答案A
20.What must the students do if they want to use the restroom?
A.Go with a monitor.
B.Wait to be called.
C.Ask for permission.
答案C
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Time Out New York—your ultimate guide to life in the city,helps you discover the best events and things to do in March.
Mar 3-5:New York International Literary Festival
The literary event champion of New York is back!Many best-selling authors are set to appear at this years festival,including the award-winning writer Amy Tan (The Joy Luck Club—the film version of the novel starring Michelle Yeoh),Internet business expert writer Duncan Clark (Alibaba:The House That Jack Ma Built),the Anthill founder Alec Ash (Wish Lanterns) and many more.Stay tuned for our full festival preview and author features.
Mar 3-15,various times,20 dollars or 35 dollars (for literary lunches).Glam.
Until Mar 16:Vivienne Westwood—Get a Life
The well-known fashion designer is the subject of this crossover exhibition of American contemporary art and eco-friendly fashion inspired by Westwood’s strong attitude towards a climate revolution.Participating artists also include Adam Lawry and Jill Smith.
Until March 16,free entry.Chi K /l Art Museum.
Mar 17:Dog Day Saturdays
On the third Saturday of the month,The Rooster(13th Street) throws a backyard Party where dogs are welcome.There will be free hot dogs.5 dollars Flying Dog Beers and dog treats for the little buddies Donations will also be collected for local animal rescue group—Best Friends America.
Mar 17,3-5 pm,15 dollars.The Rooster(13th Street).
Mar 28-29:Mom to Mom Sale
Sell or stock up on clothes,toys,books,strollers and other family goods at this twice-a-year market organized by New York mother Sellers will contribute 15 percent of all their profit to Heart to Heart.Come and pick up some useful stuff for your family.
Mar.28-29,2-6 p.m.(Tues.),10 a.m.-2 p.m.(Wed.) free entry.New York Racquer Club-clubhouse.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作为城市生活的终极指南的纽约时代杂志,它帮助读者发现三月份发生的重要活动,及提供各活动的相关信息。
21.Who will possibly turn up at Glam on March 10th?
　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　
A.Michelle Yeoh. B.Jack Ma.
C.Alec Ash. D.Adam Lawry.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据Mar 3-5.New York International Literary Festival中的“The literary event champion of New York is back!Many best-selling authors are set to appear at this years festival,including...the Anthill founder Alec Ash”可知,许多畅销书的作者都将在今年的艺术节上亮相,包括 Alec Ash,故选C项。
22.Which event might interest those who care about the environment?
A.New York International Literary Festival.
B.Vivienne Westwood—Get a Life.
C.Dog Day Saturdays.
D.Mom to Mom Sale.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据Until Mar 16:Vivienne Westwood—Get a Life中的“eco-friendly”“a climate revolution”等关键词可知,这个活动和环境有关。所以那些关心环境的人会对Vivienne Westwood—Get a Life感兴趣,故选B项。
23.What do the events Dog Day Saturdays and Mom to Mom Sale have in common?
A.Participants can support charity work.
B.Participants are admitted free of charge.
C.They are organized annually in New York.
D.They take place at the same time.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据Mar 17:Dog Day Saturdays中的“5 dollars Flying Dog Beers and dog treats for the little buddies Donations will also be collected for local animal rescue group”以及Mom to Mom Sale中的“...will contribute 15 percent of all their profit to Heart to Heart”可知,两个活动的共同点是都可以为慈善事业做贡献,故选A项。

B
(2020·山东师范大学附中高一月考)
After traveling ten years and hundreds of millions of kilometers,a small probe (探测器) called Philae has for the first time landed on the surface of a comet,a solar system object made of ice and rock.
Philae was sent from the European Space Agency’s main Rosetta spaceship early Wednesday,November 12,2014.Originally,the mission of the spaceship was to target Comet 46P but when the launch was delayed due to problems with the Ariane 5 launch vehicle,the mission was redirected to Comet 67P,to study the appearance and materials that make up Comet 67P.
The Philae research probe left its mother ship Rosetta and then began a trip toward the comet and landed on its surface hours later.The effort to land on the comet was considered dangerous because just before the planned landing,scientists identified problems in Philae’s active descent system thruster (推进器) used to land the probe.
Rosetta has been orbiting Comet 67P since August 2014.However,it was sent up into space in March of 2004.The spaceship circled the sun until it was in position to meet with the comet.
Comets are the most primitive (原始的) objects in the solar system.Scientists think that they have kept a record of the physical and chemical processes that occurred during the early period when planets were formed.By studying Comet 67P’s make-up and history,scientists wish to unlock the secret of the solar system and even the origin of human lives.
The Philae probe did a series of scientific experiments.Philae examined the materials that make up the comet looking for organic,or carbon-based materials,and inorganic materials.It lasted until March 2015,when the comet was too close to the sun and the surface temperature was too high for Philae to operate.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了一个名为Philae航天器历史性地着陆彗星。
24.What was Rosetta launched to do?
A.To send Philae to Comet 67P safely.
B.To study the appearance of Comet 46P.
C.To collect information about Comet 67P.
D.To research on the make-up of the solar system.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第二段“the mission was redirected to Comet 67P,to study the appearance and materials that make up Comet 67P.”可知,此项任务改为降落到67P号彗星,研究67P号彗星的外观和物质构成。由此判断出发射Rosetta是为了收集彗星67P的信息。故选C项。
25.Why was it hard for Philae to land on Comet 67P?
A.Due to technological issues.
B.As a result of power failure.
C.Because of lack of experience.
D.Due to problems in radio systems.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第三段“The effort to land on the comet was considered dangerous because just before the planned landing,scientists identified problems in Philae’s active descent system thruster (推进器) used to land the probe.”可知,登陆彗星的努力被认为是危险的,因为就在计划的着陆之前,科学家们发现了Philae用于着陆探测器的主动下降系统推进器存在问题。由此可知,Philae很难在67P彗星上着陆是由于技术问题。故选A项。
26.What do scientists think of the research on comets?
A.Challenging. B.Satisfying.
C.Meaningful. D.Impractical.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“By studying Comet 67P’s make-up and history,scientists wish to unlock the secret of the solar system and even the origin of human lives.”通过研究67P彗星的组成和历史,科学家们希望解开太阳系的秘密,甚至人类生命的起源。以及最后一段“The Philae probe did a series of scientific experiments.Philae examined the materials that make up the comet looking for organic,or carbon-based materials,and inorganic materials.”Philae探测器做了一系列科学实验。Philae检查了构成彗星的材料,寻找有机或碳基材料和无机材料。由此判断出,科学家认为对彗星的研究是有意义的。故选C项。
27.What may be the best title for the text?
A.Philae Landing on Comet 67P
B.Another Comet Found in Space
C.One Step Further in Geography Research
D.Great Improvement in Spaceship Design
答案A
解析主旨大意题。根据第一段“After traveling ten years and hundreds of millions of kilometers,a small probe called Philae has for the first time landed on the surface of a comet,a solar system object made of ice and rock.”以及第二段“the mission was redirected to Comet 67P,to study the appearance and materials that make up Comet 67P.”此项任务改为降落到67P号彗星,研究67P号彗星的外观和物质构成。由此可知,短文的最佳标题为“Philae着陆在彗星67P上”。故选A项。

C
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class,like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport,New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think they’re close to a solution.“We don’t give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold,a project manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades,other than ‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically,it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then,at the end of year,present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review,and...it’s not a very nice thing at time.It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to test in space.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的科研项目HUNCH,鼓励学生开发创新思维,培养实际生活技能。
28.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A.They are hard to get rid of.
B.They lead to air pollution.
C.They appear different forms.
D.They damage the instruments.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句“The microorganisms from our bodies grow...each week.”可知,在国际空间站,很难除掉细菌,故选A项。
29.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B.To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D.To link space technology with school education.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知,D项与该意思一致,故选D项。
30.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A.Check their product.
B.Guide project designs
C.Adjust work schedules.
D.Grade their homework.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘I’ve got to produce this product and then,at the end of the year,present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in-person review...”可知,NASA的工程师们要亲自检查他们的成果,故选A项。
31.What is the best title for the text?
A.NASA:The Home of Astronauts
B.Space:The Final Homework Frontier
C.Nature:An Outdoor Classroom
D.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform
答案B
解析主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章的最后一句“Gordon says his students are emailing daily... test in space.”可知,B项“太空:最后的作业前沿”作为文章的标题最合适,故选B项。

D
Step into Moving to Mars,an exhibition of Mars mission and colony design at London’s Design Museum,and immediately you have good reasons not to move there.
Frightening glowing wall-texts announce that Mars wasn’t made for you;that there is no life and precious little water;that,dressed in a spacesuit,you will never touch,taste or smell the planet you now call “home”.As Lisa Grossman wrote for New Scientist a couple of years ago,“What’s different about Mars is that there is nothing to do there except try not to die”.
It is an odd beginning for such a celebratory exhibition,but it provides a valuable,dark background against which the rest of the show can sparkle (闪耀)—a show that is ,as its chief manager Justin remarks,“not about Mars,this is an exhibition about people”.
Moving along,there is a quick yet clear flash through what the science-fiction writer Robinson calls “the history of Mars in the human mind”.A Babylonian clay tablet and a Greek vase speak to early ideas about the planet.A poster for the original Total Recall film reminds us of Mars’s psychological threat.
The main part of the show is our current plans for the Red Planet.There are real spacesuits and models of 3D-printed Martian settlements and suitable clothing and furniture.Mission architectures and engineering sketches line the walls.Real hammers meant for the International Space Station are wall-mounted beside a low-gravity table that has yet to leave,and may indeed never leave,Earth.
This,of course,is the great strength of approaching science through design:reality and assumption can be given equal visual weight,drawing us into an informed conversation about what it is that we actually want from a future on Mars.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况。
32.What is the text mainly intended to tell us?
A.How to move to Mars.
B.How to survive on Mars.
C.What preparations we made for Mars.
D.What the exhibition of Mars truly tells us.
答案D
解析主旨大意题。根据第一段“Step into Moving to Mars,an exhibition of Mars mission and colony design at London’s Design Museum,and immediately you have good reasons not to move there.”以及文章内容可知,本文主要讲述了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况,故选D项。
33.What can we learn from Lisa Grossman?
A.It’s impossible to live on Mars.
B.It’s no good settling on Mars.
C.You have nothing to do living on Mars.
D.You can live on Mars in spacesuit.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“As Lisa Grossman wrote for New Scientist a couple of years ago,‘What’s different about Mars is that there is nothing to do there except try not to die’.”可知,从Lisa Grossman的话中我们能了解到在火星上生活是不可能的,故选A项。
34.What does the exhibition focus on?
A.The current plans for Mars.
B.The advantages of living on Mars.
C.The early ideas about Mars.
D.The history of Mars in the human mind.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第五段“The main part of the show is our current plans for the Red Planet.”可知,展览的重点是关于火星目前的计划,故选A项。
35.What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A.An experience. B.An opinion.
C.A fantasy. D.A solution.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“reality and assumption can be given equal visual weight,drawing us into an informed conversation about what it is that we actually want from a future on Mars.”可知,作者在最后一段想告诉我们一个观点,故选B项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over the next 50 years,we are going to send more and better robots to Mars.　36　 There is a limit to what robots can tell us,though,so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet. 
Before people can visit Mars,we need to invent a spaceship that can take us there.　37　 Depending on where Mars and Earth are in their orbits around the sun,it could take between six months to a year to get there. 
The moon is much closer,and we were there more than 40 years ago.Over the next 10 years,we are going to work on building a new spacecraft.　38　 
Once we return to the moon,we are going to build a station so that people can live and work on the moon for months at a time.This is important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit Mars.　39　 
By the time you are old enough to be an astronaut,we will have people spending months on the moon.By the time you are old enough to be a commander of a space mission,we will be taking trips to Mars.By the time your kids are old enough to be astronauts,we may have people living on Mars.Wouldn’t it be cool to get a postcard from someone who was building a house on Mars?　40　 

A.Mars is very far away.
B.People will go to live on Mars one day.
C.Wouldn’t it be cooler if it was you who sent the postcard?
D.Using this craft,we will practice the skills we need to go to Mars.
E.Those robots will send back better pictures,maps,and weather reports.
F.It would be possible for us to go to Mars in a spacecraft in the near future.
G.However,it is also important because it gives us practice with living away from Earth.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在探索火星的过程中,由于机器人本身所限,它们无法告诉人们想知道的一切,因此最终将会有人类登上火星并对它进行研究。
36.E　根据文章第一句话“we are going to send more and better robots to Mars.”可知,选项E中提到“Those robots”,与上文意思自然衔接。
37.A　根据第二段“it could take between six months to a year to get there.”可知,这里谈的是地球到火星的距离,所以A项符合。
38.D　根据上文的“we are going to work on building a new spacecraft”可知,D项中的“Using this craft,...”与此语意相符。
39.G　上文提到“This is important...”,G项中的“However,it is also important...”与上文形成排比关系。
40.C　解答该题的关键词是postcard,C项“如果发贺卡的人是你那不是更酷吗?”语境相符。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Space is a dangerous place,not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.The atmosphere again acts 　41　 our protective blanket on the 　42　.Light gets through,and this is essential for plants to make the food which we 　43　.Heat,too,makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet (紫外线的) rays penetrate the 　44　.Cosmic (宇宙的) rays of various kinds come 　45　 the air from outer space,but 　46　 quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off.As soon as men leave the atmosphere,they are 　47　 to this radiation,　48　 their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft,if they are inside,　49　 prevent a lot of radiation damage. 
Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in 　50　.Doses of radiation are measured in 　51　 called “rems (雷姆)”.We all 　52　 radiation here on earth from the sun,from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals.The “　53　”dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two millirems.It 　54　 according to where you live,and this is a very rough estimate.Scientists have the reason to think that a man can 　55　 far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged. 
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。太阳和其他星体的辐射对人类既有利又有弊,大气层对削弱辐射起到了重要作用。
41.A.for B.with
C.on D.as
答案D
解析此处表述大气层起到地球保护层的作用。设空处表示“担当,充当”的意思。act as意为“充当,起……作用”。故选D项。
42.A.stars B.sun
C.earth D.space
答案C
解析根据上下文语境可知,大气层起到保护层的作用,保护的应该是地球。故选C项。
43.A.use B.live
C.eat D.get
答案C
解析根据语境及设空前的“food”可知,植物依靠阳光来制造我们吃的食物。故选C项。
44.A.environment B.space
C.atmosphere D.earth
答案C
解析根据上文可知,大气层像毯子一样覆盖着地球,对其起到保护作用,故紫外线所穿透的就是大气层(atmosphere)。故选C项。
45.A.across B.to
C.from D.through
答案D
解析根据语境可知,宇宙的光线从外层空间穿过空气。come through “穿透”。故选D项。
46.A.valid B.enormous
C.various D.proper
答案B
解析句意:大量的辐射已被屏蔽。故选B项。
47.A.shown B.exposed
C.faced D.covered
答案B
解析句意:人们一离开大气层,就暴露于辐射中。be exposed to “暴露于”,符合语境。故选B项。
48.A.but B.because
C.so D.so that
答案A
解析根据上文“人们一离开大气层就会受到辐射”,以及下文“他们的太空服和太空船的外壁会屏蔽掉大量的辐射伤害”。因而判断前后句之间是转折关系。故选A项。
49.A.get B.make
C.have D.do
答案D
解析“do+动词原形”结构用来强调谓语动词。故选D项。
50.A.earth B.atmosphere
C.space D.environment
答案C
解析根据文章第一句可知,辐射是探索者在太空遇见的最大危险。故选C项。
51.A.pieces B.units
C.parts D.systems
答案B
解析根据该句的关键信息“Doses”“measured”以及所给的专有单位名称可推测,此处是指测量单位。故选B项。
52.A.receive B.accept
C.bring D.catch
答案A
解析receive表示客观收到或接到;accept表示主观接受。我们是受到辐射而非主观接受。故选A项。
53.A.conventional B.common
C.general D.normal
答案D
解析句意:每年受到辐射的正常剂量大约为2毫雷姆。故选D项。
54.A.puzzles B.floats
C.combines D.changes
答案D
解析根据常识可知,所处地点不同,所受辐射量也不一样。故选D项。
55.A.put up with B.keep up with
C.come up with D.catch up with
答案A
解析根据下文中的“without being damaged”可知,此处指的是能够承受的辐射。put up with 意为“忍受”,符合语境。故选A项。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·河南焦作第一中学高一期中)
China and the United Arab Emirates(UAE) sent 　56　(they) first spacecraft to Mars this week.A Chinese spacecraft went into orbit(轨道) around Mars on Wednesday.It followed a UAE’s spacecraft that 　57　(successful) entered orbit on Tuesday.China’s Tianwen-1 spacecraft spent seven months on the trip to Mars 　58　 traveled nearly 475 million kilometers.Tianwen,the name of 　59　ancient poem,means “Quest for Heavenly Truth”.The UAE’s spacecraft is called Amal.Amal is the Arabic word for Hope. 
The trips to Mars come at a time when both countries have made quick progress in space programs.China’s space program brought moon rocks back to Earth in December.That is the first time that a spacecraft 　60　(return) to Earth with moon rocks since the 1970s.China was also the first country to manage 　61　(land) a spacecraft on the little-explored far side of the moon in 2019. 
China’s spacecraft will send a vehicle,called a rover,to land on the Marian surface.The goal is to search for 　62　(sign) of life in the area named Utopia Planitia,　63　the U.S.Viking 2 lander landed in 1976.Along with Tianwen-1,Amal will join six other spacecraft already 　64　(operate) around Mars.Among them,three 　65　(be) from the United States. 
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本周,中国和阿拉伯联合酋长国向火星发射了第一艘宇宙飞船。文章主要介绍了这艘宇宙飞船的一些情况和这一行动的影响。
56.their　考查代词。修饰后文名词spacecraft应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
57.successfully　考查副词。修饰后文动词enter应用副词successfully,作状语。故填successfully。
58.and　考查连词。此处“天问一号飞船在飞往火星的路程上花费了7个月”与“飞行了近4.75亿公里”为并列关系,应用连词and。故填and。
59.an　考查冠词。poem为可数名词,此处表泛指应用不定冠词,且ancient是发音以元音音素开头的单词,应用an。故填an。
60.has returned　考查动词时态。此处为句型“that is the first time that+现在完成时”,从句主语为a spacecraft,助动词用has。故填has returned。
61.to land　考查非谓语动词。此处为短语manage to do sth 表示“设法做成某事”。故填to land。
62.signs　考查名词的数。sign表示“迹象”为可数名词,此处前文没有冠词,应用复数形式。故填signs。
63.where　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Utopia Planitia,先行词在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
64.operating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知operate在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语spacecraft构成主动关系,故应用现在分词作定语。故填operating。
65.are　考查时态和主谓一致。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为three,谓语动词用复数。故填are。
第四部分　写作 (共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你和朋友李明就太空探索是否值得进行了辩论。李明认为不值得,他认为太空探索浪费很多钱,这些钱可用来解决一些其他问题。你的看法与他相反。请你据此写一篇短文。词数80个左右。
 
 
 
 
参考范文
My friend Li Ming and I have an argument on whether space is worth exploring.Li Ming thinks space exploration wastes a lot of money,which can be used to solve other problems,such as starvation and pollution.However,I don’t agree with him.Satellites have been used for communication as well as weather forecast,which makes our life more convenient.Besides,if resources are found on other planets,the problem of energy shortages can be solved.So I think space is worthy to be explored.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Drums in Space
Brenda Bongos was a happy,artistic girl,a girl with one big ambition—to play the drums in a band.But one big obstacle lay in her way.To be good enough to play in a band,Brenda had to practice a lot,but she lived next-door to a lot of old people—many of them sick—in a care home.She knew that the sound of beating drums and crashing cymbals would really make them mad.
Brenda was a very good,respectful girl.She always tried to find a way of practicing her drums without bothering other people.So,she had tried playing in the strangest places;a basement,a kitchen,an attic,and even in a shower.But it was no good;there was always someone it would annoy.However,she determined to practice as much as she could.Brenda spent most of her time playing on books and boxes,and looking for new places to practice.
One day,while watching a science documentary on TV,she heard that sound cannot travel in space,because there’s no air.At that moment,Brenda Bongos decided to become a sort of musical astronaut.
With the help of a lot of time,a lot of books,and a lot of work,Brenda built a space bubble.This was a big glass ball connected to a machine which sucked out all the air inside.All that would be left inside was a drum kit and a chair.Brenda got into the space suit she had made,entered the bubble,turned on the machine,and...
She played those drums like a wild child!
It wasn’t long before Brenda Bongos—“The Musical Astronaut”—had become very famous.So many people came to see her play in her space bubble that she had to mount a pair of speakers so that everyone could listen to her play.Shortly afterwards she came out of the bubble and started giving concerts.Her fame spread so much that the government proposed that she form part of a unique space journey.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Finally,Brenda was a real musical astronaut. 
 
 
 
 
Years later,someone asked her how she had achieved all of this. 
 
 
 
 
参考范文
Finally,Brenda was a real musical astronaut.She had gone far beyond her first ambition of playing drums in a band.Not only had she carried out scientific experiments but she tested to plant vegetables for astronauts in the space bubble,which laid a solid foundation for humans to do a distant space journey to Mars.And she won great fame because of that.She succeeded in bearing a scientist from a drum lover.
Years later,someone asked her how she had achieved all of this.Thinking for a moment,she said,“If those old people next door hadn’t mattered so much to me,I wouldn’t have done so much to find a solution to the drum noise,and none of this would have ever happened.”Being considerate to others may bring you unexpected benefits.