高中英语高考 2021届小题必练7 定语从句 学生版 docx

2021届好教育小题必练

定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有：1. 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；2.关系副词where引导的定语从句（近年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况）；3.“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句；4.as引导的非限制性定语从句。

考点1关系代词 

（2020·山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum        opened in 1759.

【答案】which/that

【解析】考查连词。根据空格前的先行词the British Museum与空格后的谓语动词opened，判断此处为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，故填which/that。

【点拨】

1. 限制性定语从句中,  只用that不用which的情况

(1)先行词是all,  much,  little,  something,  everything,  anything,  nothing,  none等不定代词时。

 (2)先行词被the only,  any,  few,  no,  very等修饰时。

 (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。

(4)先行词既有人也有物时。

 (5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。

2. 只用which不用that的情况

(1)关系代词前有介词时。

 (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。

3. 引导非限制性定语从句的as与which

考点2 关系副词

（2020·全国I卷）China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot         it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.

【答案】where

【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，从句“it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth”不缺主谓宾，缺状语，而先行词spot为地点，故填where。

【点拨】关系副词与关系代词的易混点：

若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation, point, stage, position, part, condition, case等，且引导词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果引导词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which引导。

一、单句语法填空

1. He is the only person in his company ___________ is invited to the party.

2. Do you know the reason ________ she refused the invitation?

3. We are living in an age ___________ the society develops rapidly.

4. In ancient China lived an artist        paintings were almost lifelike.

5. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth        gives off light in the dark.

6．This woman has set a good example to her son, _________ is a really lucky guy.

7．Over the years, I have met some interesting people. Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，____________way of talking about people inspired me.

8.The shelter, ____________is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok’s night market，has become an attraction itself.

9.The old man turned his business over to his younger son, ____________made his elder son discouraged.

10. I will never forget such a beautiful village ____________I spent my childhood with my grandparents.

11. There they met people from other parts of the country, ____________had also volunteered to help.

12.Bob is in a hopeless situation，____________we will keep a very close eye on.

13.Take an active part in the activities you enjoy ____________ you can make many friends.

14.Those who can achieve high grades in class tend to be weak in handling some practical problems，____________is often the case.

15. Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, ____________ might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.

二、单项选择

16. Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.

A. whose    B. which   C. when    D. whom

17. Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.

A. whose    B. of whom  C. of which   D. which

18. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A. that    B. which   C. where    D. what

19. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.

A. which    B. when        C. how    D. where

20. We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.

A. which    B. what   C. when    D. that

21. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.

A. that       B. where    C. which       D. when

22. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.

A. where    B. which   C. when    D. who

23.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.

A. whose     B. that     C. who      D. whom

24. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.

A. whom       B. that   C. whose       D. her

25. A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

A. which      B. whose      C. who       D. why

26. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.

A. which      B. who      C. as      D. that

27. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

A. which          B. its         C. whose          D. whom

28. Many young people, most _________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

A. of which      B. of them   

C. of whom      D. of those

一、单句语法填空

【答案】that

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：他是他公司里唯一一个被邀请参加聚会的人。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词person，且先行词前有the only修饰，所以填that。

【答案】why

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：你知道她拒绝邀请的理由吗？分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，且定语从句中缺少原因状语，所以填why。

【答案】when

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我们生活在一个社会快速发展的时代。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是an age，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以填when。

【答案】whose

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。

【答案】that/which

【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。

【答案】who

【解析】考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为her son，故用who。

【答案】whose

【解析】考查定语从句。whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，先行词为Joan and Bernice。

【答案】which

【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是The shelter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。

【答案】which

【解析】句意：那位老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。

【答案】where

【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记那个如此美丽的村庄，在那里我和祖父母一起度过我的童年。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导，相当于in which。

【答案】who

【解析】句意：在那里他们遇到了从这个国家其他地方来的人，他们也是自愿来帮忙的。分析句子结构可知，设空处应是非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是people，从句缺少主语，故填关系代词who。

【答案】which

【解析】句意：鲍勃现在正处于绝望的境地，我们将持续密切关注。此处是非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是situation，从句中介词on后面缺少宾语，故填which。

【答案】where/and

【解析】句意：积极参加你喜欢的活动，在这些活动中你能交到很多朋友。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是activities，在句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。也可填and，构成“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。

【答案】as

【解析】句意：那些能在课堂上取得高分的人往往不擅长解决实际问题，这是常有的事情。as is often the case意为“这是常有的事情”，为固定用法。

【答案】which

【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。

二、单项选择

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。

【答案】 C

【解析】句意：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。句中的 around不是介词，而是副词，意为＂在附近＂；其后的 where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，where在定语从句中作状语。句意：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？

【答案】A

【解析】在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。该题中的动词 spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或 that。

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。

【答案】A

【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。先行词指人且在句中作定语修饰其后的名词“lives”， 所以用whose。句意为：这本书以那些生活受到地震影响的人们的眼光讲述了这次地震的许多故事。

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。

【答案】B

【解析】这是一个定语从句，a company 是先行词，profit和 a company是所属关系，所以要用关系代词whose。句意：在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会。故答案选B。

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the World Food Programme，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育。故C项正确。

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