高中英语高考2 第二讲　形容词、副词和比较等级

这是一份高中英语高考2 第二讲　形容词、副词和比较等级，共9页。
第二讲　形容词、副词和比较等级


【典题试做】　
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher(high) than they actually are.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer(long) than non­runners.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the loudest(loud) of all.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even worse(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However, be careful(care) not to go to extremes.
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)It is certainly(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.

1．考查形容词和副词的基本用法；
2．考查形容词和副词的比较等级的用法；
3．考查词类转换。　

【典题试做】　
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. interesting→interested
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. hardly→hard
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. amazing→amazed
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. coolly→cool
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people. larger→large
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. __late→later
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house. interesting→interested
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. earlier→early
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. late→latest

1．形容词之间或形容词与副词的错用；
2．形近引起的错用；　
3．比较等级的错用。　


形容词和副词的基本用法
1．形容词的基本用法
形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。
(2019·江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms, app­backed gyms offer people flexible options to exercise.
不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼给人们提供了灵活的锻炼选项。
(2018·江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.　尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投资为员工提供足够的培训。
■名师点津
(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
Light­hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.　她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。
(2)有些以­ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。
2．副词的基本用法
(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
(2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.
狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。
■名师点津
有些副词，如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。
(安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.　谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。
(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。
(天津卷)The young man couldn’t afford a new car.Instead, he bought a used one.
这个年轻人买不起一辆新车，相反，他买了一辆二手车。
(江西卷)The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, I’d grown fond of our little rented house.
那所房子太贵、太大了。此外，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
■名师点津
易用错的几类副词
beside在旁边
besides 此外，而且
late迟；晚
later以后；后来
latest 最近的，最新的
ago以前(以现在为起点)
before以前(以过去为起点)
somewhere某处
everywhere到处
high 在高处；高
highly 高度地；很；非常
wide广阔地；充分地
widely广泛地；普遍地
deep深深地
deeply深刻地；深沉地
free免费地
freely自由地；畅通地
close接近；紧挨着
closely仔细地；紧密地
hard努力地
hardly几乎不
near在附近
nearly几乎，差不多

形容词和副词的比较等级
1．比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则变化
词形分类及变化构成
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词
　
一般加­er或­est
tall
taller
tallest
long
longer
longest
以­e结尾的，只加­r或­st
nice
nicer
nicest
fine
finer
finest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加­er或­est
big
bigger
biggest
hot
hotter
hottest
fat
fatter
fattest
以“辅音字母加­y”结尾的，先变y为i再加­er或­est
happy
happier
happiest
easy
easier
easiest
其他双音节词和多音节词
在前面加more或most
difficult
more difficult
most difficult
beautiful
more beautiful
most beautiful
■名师点津
(1)有少数几个双音节以及­ow，­er，­le结尾的词，既可以加­er和­est, 又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词有：common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。
(2)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite, wonderful等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。有些词不与than连用可用于比较，如be senior to等。
(2)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
little
less
least
far
farther(具体)
farthest(具体)
further(抽象)
furthest(抽象)
2.比较等级的用法
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……不一样”
(天津卷)Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue.　虽然我像以前一样努力工作，但我没有感到疲劳。
②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.　今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。
(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.
研究发现早起锻炼的人要比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。
■名师点津
修饰比较级的副词有：much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather 等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级，这也是短文改错经常出现的错误之一。
(天津卷)It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.
这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位，但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。
(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。
(四川卷)Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.
安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。
②one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.
＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.
上海是我国最大的城市之一。
③序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
Africa is the second largest continent in the world.
非洲是世界上第二大洲。
④最高级的其他表达法
a．否定词＋比较级
b．比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than anything/anyone else
Your story is perfect；I’ve never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了，我以前从未听过比这更好听的故事。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①“the＋adj./adv.­er，the＋adj./adv.­er”“越……，就越……”　
②“adj./adv.­er＋and＋adj./adv.­er”“越来越……”
③“the＋adj.­er＋of the two＋名词”“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
④no more than“仅仅”；not more than“至多；不超过”
⑤more...than...“与其说……倒不如说……”
⑥no＋比较级＋than“和……一样不……”
⑦not＋比较级＋than“不比……更……”
⑧倍数句型
a．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
b．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
c．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B
(全国卷Ⅲ)The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared.　一篇文章越积极，就越可能被分享。
More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreign language well.
越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。
(江苏卷)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。

看到四种情况，想到比较等级
1．看到与than连用，要想到用比较级
[例1]　(全国卷Ⅰ)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ____________(clean) than ever.
[分析]　cleaner　根据后面的than可知此处要用比较级，故填cleaner。
[例2]　After a few months, we all felt that we had been able to build much strong relationships with the family than we had before.____________________
[分析]　strong→stronger　根据句中的比较级标志词than可知，本句应用比较级，表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较，much用于修饰比较级。故将strong改为stronger。
2．看到and, but, or等连词前面或后面用比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级
[例3]　 (全国卷Ⅲ)They were also the best and worse years in my life.____________________
[分析]　worse→worst　由并列连词and前面的“the best”和“in my life”表示的范围可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。
3．看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)
[例4]　(广东卷)After our plane landed, we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months ____________(early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.
[分析]　earlier　由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故填比较级earlier。
4．看到下列固定搭配，要想到用比较等级
(1)the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..
[例5]　(辽宁卷)The ____________(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.
[分析]　harder　分析句子结构可知此句为“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”句型，表示“越……，就越……”。故填harder。
(2)the＋最高级＋标志性词语或从句
[例6]　(陕西卷)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help.____________________
[分析]　better→best　此处前面有the，后面有表示范围的“in the world”，所以应该用形容词的最高级。故将better改为best。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浏阳六校联考)Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life, everlasting love and happiness, early birth of a healthy(health) baby and so on.
2．(2020·儋州一次统测)Jin Yong achieved a greater(great) success than any other contemporary writer.
3．(2020·安徽滁州中学模拟) Obviously(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
4．(2020·安徽联盟阶段考试)These days, as compared to ten to fifteen years ago, the job of assembly is made simpler(simple) by producers of parts that are largely standardized.
5．(2020·江西红色七校联考)Sometimes when a long time goes by without being recognized for the good we do, we start to get upset, but a simple statement of appreciation could make us become energetic(energy) again for a good long time.
6．(2020·湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the faster(fast) you will move toward your goal.
7．(2020·儋州统测)His works have been widely(wide) translated into many languages including English, French, Korean and Japanese.
8．(2020·山东师大附中模拟)It is the most__commonly(common) used language in China and among the largest languages in the world.
9．(2020·大连双基测试)The Hong Kong­Zhuhai­Macao Bridge, as the longest(long) sea­crossing bridge in the world, is one of the most challenging constructions of its kind undertaken in the world to date.
10．(2020·驻马店月考)People splash water on each other, hoping to take away sickness and disasters.The wetter you get, the luckier(lucky) you will be.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·湖北期中联考)With friendship, life proves happily and harmonious. happily→happy
2．(2020·浏阳六校联考)To my greatly relief, he brought textbooks to me and helped me with my lessons. greatly→great
3．(2020·福建长汀一中等六校联考)What’s bad, some students are likely to compare the brands of their smart phones with their classmates’. bad→worse
4．(2020·湖南三湘名校联考)Only a few people were walking quick on the streets wearing their masks. quick→quickly
5．(2020·福建四校联考)Now I like her even more and I am glad I have so a great sister. so→such
6．(2020·安徽江淮十校联考)Miss Zhang is one of my most favorite teachers. 删除most
7．(2020·山东师大附中模拟)When I saw some people snowboarding, I decided to give it a try.Therefore, it was much more difficult than I had expected. Therefore→However
8．(2020·江西红色七校联考)Kindly as I was, I found that I could do nothing to help him. Kindly→Kind
9．(2020·哈尔滨三中一模)It has negative effects and makes many children too addicted to it that they have done many crazy things. too→so
10．(2020·宝鸡模拟)It is obvious that poor health is close related to bad living habits. close→closely