高中英语高考2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：词侧重时态和语态B

这是一份高中英语高考2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：词侧重时态和语态B，共11页。试卷主要包含了动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语，may可以放在句首，表示祝愿等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：词侧重时态和语态B****被动语态1）一般形式Be+done2）具体时态的被动一般现在时的被动：is/am/are+done一般过去时的被动：was/were+done现在完成时的被动：have/has been done过去完成时的被动：had been done3）特殊用法(1)英语中有很多动词，如break，catch，clean，drive，look，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily，well等副词连用。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布好洗。The sign reads as follows.这牌子告示如下。This material won't wear.这种材料不耐穿。The machine runs well.这种机器运转良好。特别提醒：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。(2)表示感受、感官的系动词feel，sound，taste，look等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来合理。(3)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这所房子需要修理。(4)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。(可看作to work out省略了for me)(5)be to rent/blame/let也属于主动形式表被动意义。Who is to blame for the mistake?谁应为这个错误接受谴责？The houses are to let.这些房子有待出租。(6)介词in，on，under等＋名词构成介词短语表被动意义。表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有：under control受控制；under treatment在治疗中；under repair在修理中；under discussion在讨论中；under construction在施工中；beyond belief令人难以置信；beyond one's reach鞭长莫及；beyond one's control无法控制；beyond our hope我们始料不及；for sale出售；for rent出租；in print在印刷中；in sight在视野范围内；on sale出售；on show展出；on trial受审；out of control控制不了；out of sight超出视线；out of one's reach够不着；out of fashion不流行。如：The rumor is beyond belief(＝can't be believed)．那个谣言令人难以置信。Today some treasures are on show(＝are being shown)in the museum.    今天一些珍宝正在博物馆展出。（1）非谓语动词非谓语动词与谓语动词的区别形式不同：谓语动词do/does/did，谓语动词的基本功能是做谓语，因此时态语态一定属于谓语动词。          非谓语动词doing/to do/done(基本形式)，其实质还是动词，但在句子中不做谓语而是做除    谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词的使用范围非谓语一定用在简单句中或复合句的单句中非谓语动词的形式（包含变式结构）及意义Doing                  to do                  done主动，进行             将来，主动             被动，完成Being done             to be done被动，进行             将来，被动Having done主动，完成非谓语的否定是在非谓语前面加not：not doing/not to doViewing from the top of the mountain, I can see a beautiful city.View和主语I是主动关系，所以用doing。Viewed from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.View和主语 the city是被动关系，所以用done。不定式的用法1）表将来（分为被动和主动两种形式）2）表目的，一般能翻译为“为了......，来......”就用to doTo get there on time I got up very early.3）表结果，一般用only to do    The reporter hurried to the airport,only to be told the start had left.4）表原因We were very excited to hear the news.5）一些形容词如：difficult, hard, easy,happy,pleasant等后面接to do6）固定句型：it is +adj/n for/of sb. +to do非谓语的特殊用法（被动形式表主动意义）和with复合结构1）特殊用法部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound.2）With复合结构with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系)，he almost forgot everything in the past.随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind his back.他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。3）独立主格如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，须在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语。(1)名词/主格代词＋现在分词名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。The girl staring at him(＝As the girl stared at him)，he didn't know what to say.女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。(2)名词/主格代词＋过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。The problems solved(＝As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。(3)名词/主格代词＋不定式名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。He is going to make a model plane，some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。动词后接doing和to do 的区别 动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember记得曾做过某事记得要做某事forget忘记曾做过某事忘记要做某事try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图(打算)做某事can't help禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事做完一件事后，接着做另一件事stop中断正在做的事中断正在做的事，去做别的事注意1．动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语。此时，逻辑主语可以是物主代词、人称代词的宾格或所有格。Do you mind my/me reading your paper?你介意我看你的考卷吗？2．作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式，还有完成式、被动式。  完成式表示该动作比谓语动作先发生。否定式在doing/to do前加not。(1)I regret not having taken her advice.(not须放在having前)我感到遗憾，没有听从她的建议。(2)They couldn't stand being treated like that.他们不能忍受被那样对待。(3)He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job.他决定帮我，但我假装已经完成工作了。高考中常见非谓语固定搭配(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。（2）情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词1）情态动词基本含义一、can/could与be able to1．can/could用来表示“一般能力”；be able to有多种时态，且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”。如：My grandma is over seventy，but she can still read without glasses.They will be able to tell you the news soon.He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.2．表示允许可用can或could，与may/might意义接近。could可用于现在时，只是语气更加委婉、客气，回答时则一般要用can而不用could。—Could I have the television on?—Yes，you can./No，you can't.二、may与might1．表示允许，意为“可以，许可”，用法基本上同can与could。如：May I use your bicycle?2．表示可能性，意为“也许，可能”。如：According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.3．may可以放在句首，表示祝愿。如：May good luck be yours!三、must与have to1．must用来表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观的需要，强调外界压力，不得已而为之。如：He said that they must work hard。他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)My brother was ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟生病了，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)2．表示“不必”，须用don't have to或needn't。must的否定式表示“禁止，绝对不可”。如：You don't have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他那件事。You mustn't tell him about it.你绝不能告诉他那件事。—Must we do it now?我们必须现在做吗？—No, you needn't.不，你们不必。四、shall1．用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。如：What shall he do next?他下一步干什么呢？2．用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。如：He shall stay in bed.他必须躺在床上。You shall have it back next week.下周一定还你。He says he won't go, but I say he shall.他说他不去，但我说他必须去。五、will与would1．will用于各种人称，表示“意志、意愿”或“决心”等。如：If you will keep your watch half an hour slow, it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.如果你想要让你的表慢半个小时，你约会时迟到就不足为怪了。2．will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是，惯于”的含义。如：An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的。3．would可表示过去反复发生的动作。如：On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.星期天他总是早起去钓鱼。六、should与ought to1．should表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意。如：You should learn from each other.2．ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事。如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.3．should和ought to也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会……”。如：—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.—They should be ready by 1200.2）情态动词表推测1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？—Let's visit Tom together, Stephen.—There's no need to do so. He can't be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.——Stephen，咱们一起拜访汤姆吧。——没必要这样做。他一定不在家，因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班。2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。—It's the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.—Oh, sorry.——这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。——噢，对不起。4．should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了这么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。3）情态动词+have done1．should/ought to＋have done，表示“过去本应该做而(实际)没有做的事情”，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”。其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have＋done”，表示某种行为本不该发生但实际上发生了。I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.我本不应该看那部电影——它会令我做噩梦。You ought to have come to the party yesterday, but why didn't you come?昨天你本来应该参加聚会的，可是你为什么不来？2．must＋have done，用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意，对过去发生的情况的否定推测常用“can't/couldn't＋have done”表示。—Ye Shiwen won two gold medals in London Olympic Games.—She must have gone through tough training.——叶诗文在伦敦奥运会获得了两枚金牌。——她肯定受到严格的训练。—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.—Well. He can't have gone far—his coat's still here.——你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。——大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。3．needn't＋have done，表示“过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了某事”。Mark needn't have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。4．may/might＋have done，表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性的推测，表示“可能已做了某事……”，否定句表示“可能还没有……”。Sorry, I'm late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。5．could＋have done表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；can/could＋have done表示“过去可能做了某件事”。I could have saved the poor rabbit, but I didn't have the right drugs with me at that moment.我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的，可是我当时没有合适的药品。  选练题 语法填空。 (2017·安徽“皖南八校”第二次联考)Getting fit no longer 1.　　　　　　(require) a pencil-and-paper workout plan or a food diary.If you’re looking for some new and 2.　　　　　　(create) ways to improve your health,try FitTime. It’s like your personal trainer.After 3.　　　　　　(get) all the information it needs—your height,weight,age,and exercise habits—it gives you a customized training course,4.　　　　　　 asks you to work out four times a week for about two 5.(month).The exercises focus 6. a different part of your body every day.For instance,on Monday,you do push-ups(俯卧撑) to build up your arms,and on Tuesday,you build up 7.　　　　　　(strong) in your legs by doing deep knee bends.8.　　　　　　 exercise plan changes as time goes by. The best part of this app is that everyone can share 9.　　　　　　(they) workout results and follow their training.It is a great way for you and your friends 10.　　　　　　　　　(encourage) each other to build strong bodies. 【语篇导读】本文为一篇说明文,介绍了一个帮助减肥的手机App。它就像你的私人教练,在得到你的所有基本信息后,会给出你的专属训练课程,而且每天都有不同的训练计划。1.requires　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,此处为动名词做主语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,而且讲的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故填requires。2.creative　考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词,故填creative。3.getting　考查非谓语动词。after是介词,后面要接动名词做宾语,故填getting。4.which　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,关系词在从句中做主语,故填which。5.months　考查名词。month是可数名词,前面有two修饰,应该用可数名词的复数形式,故填months。6.on　考查介词。focus on为固定搭配,表示“集中精力于……”,故填on。7.strength　考查名词。此处应该用strong的名词形式做宾语,故填strength。8.The　考查定冠词。前面已经出现了一次plan,此处表示特指,故填The。9.their　考查形容词性物主代词。此处修饰workout results用形容词性物主代词,故填their。10.to encourage　考查不定式。It is a way for sb.to do结构,应该用不定式做定语,故填to encourage。