高考英语阅读表达专项训练

这是一份高考英语阅读表达专项训练，共50页。
阅读表达
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Compassion involves feeling another person’s pain and wanting to take steps to help relieve their suffering. The word compassion itself derives from Latin and means “to suffer together.” It is related to other emotions such as sympathy and empathy, although the concepts have some key differences. Empathy refers more to the general ability to feel the emotions of others. Compassion, on the other hand, is what happens when those feelings of empathy are accompanied by the desire to help. The difference between sympathy and compassion is that the former responds to suffering with sorrow and concern while the latter responds with warmth and care.
Compassion often comes in one of two forms, which vary depending on where these feelings are directed. Your experience of compassion may be either directed toward other people, or it may be directed inwardly toward yourself. On one hand, compassion is a process of connecting by identifying with another person. When you experience compassion for other people, you feel their pain and want to find a way to relieve their suffering. These feelings motivate you to take action to make the situation better. Self-compassion involves treating yourself with the same kindness that you would show to others. You will treat failures without defensiveness, and no longer beat yourself up you’re your mistakes. You will feel understanding, mindful, and accepting of yourself and your imperfections.
While some people are compassionate by nature, experts also suggest that there are steps you can take to cultivate a greater sense of compassion for both yourself and others.
Bring your attention to the situation. The first component of compassion is to become more aware of what other people are experiencing. Imagine yourself in their shoes. Being able to see things from another person’s perspective can help you gain a sense of compassion for their situation.
Let go of judgment. Focus on accepting people for who they are without criticizing or blaming the victim. Compassionate people tend to accept people as they are and avoid judgement.
Practice mindfulness. Mindfulness is a practice of focusing on the present, becoming more aware of your own thoughts, and observing these thoughts. Research suggests that mindfulness-based interventions can be effective for improving self-compassion.
1．According to the passage, what is the difference between compassion and empathy?
_________________________________________________________________
2．Generally, how many forms does compassion have and what are they?
_________________________________________________________________
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢ Compassionate people like making judgement of other people, and some of them are compassionate by nature.
_________________________________________________________________
4．Do you think the sense of compassion is important in your life? Why or why not?(In about 40 words)
_________________________________________________________________

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When Holly Ford walked past a long disused phone box on the outskirts of her home village of Cladich, near Inverary in Argyll, Scotland, in 2017, an idea began to form which combined her love of baking with a new use for the box, which at that point was ignored by almost everyone — including the field of Highland cattle that grazed behind it.

“It’s been amazing how much support we had from the outset,” said Holly, who got permission from the community council to use the call box. The ”Adopt A Booth" scheme run by British Telecom made it possible to buy a phone box for as little as £1 and adapt it to new uses.
“Nobody told us it wouldn’t work, but we did get a few locals who thought that people would just help themselves to cakes without paying.”
“These concerns proved to be wholly unfounded. The honesty box — which is located next to the shortbread, cookies, lemon drizzle cakes, jams, eggs and candles — has always been used correctly by customers,” claims Holly with the box remaining entirely unstaffed.
“It’s a surprisingly busy stretch of road for traffic in the summer,” Holly remarks. “And we do get quite a few notes that people leave for us saying how much they like the idea.”
Only open during the summer months, Holly has turned the box into layers of shelves for her cakes and other local produce. Able to make close to £100 a day in peak summer months, she also runs regular charity bakes in the community.
“It’s a very remote place,” she tells me. “And I’m not sure the honesty box approach would work in a more urban area. But for where we live it’s perfect and it’s surprisingly easy to make something like this happen. It’s really important to put in the work on social media and to keep your self-belief in the idea.”
Cakes In The Call Box also puts Holly in the position to judge which cakes most tickle the taste buds of passing travellers with a sweet tooth.
“The brownies are the go-to, always,” she tells me, “though I do like expanding the range. I’m working on Swedish buns with cardamom at the moment. The only thing is that I can’t get them to rise at the moment! I’ll keep on working on it at home though, so maybe next summer they’ll be in the box!”
5．What idea did Holly Ford have when she passed a long disused phone box?
__________________________________________________________________
6．What support did Holly Ford get from the start to turn her idea into reality?
__________________________________________________________________
7．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Nobody worried that Holly’s idea wouldn’t work, and people even left notes saying how much they liked the idea.
__________________________________________________________________
8．Among Holly’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for you? Why? (In about 40 words)
__________________________________________________________________

阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。
So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person, from busy schedules to long distances to a rather unexpected pandemic (流行病). Fortunately, thanks to modem technology, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you’re someone who prefers typed out messages to verbal ones, you may want to reconsider. According to science, if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to, you should call them instead of texting.
A new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.
In the study, researchers used various experiments to gauge connectedness. In one, they asked 20 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then assigned it on people at random to do one or the other. Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better. “People reported they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email, and they did not feel more awkward,” study co-author Amit Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business, said in a statement.
In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connect by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication -whether video or audio only-made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via texting.
Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “correspond information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person”.
Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message” she explains. “Each party is more present, and therefore able to gauge the meaning behind the content without thinking about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.”
9．What did the new study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology find?
10．In the first experiment mentioned in the passage, how do people feel actually when they connected with an old friend by phone?
11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢ According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because of its instant access.
12．If you are going to reconnect old friends, will you text them or call them directly? Why? (In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. Previous research has shown that culture can affect not only language and custom, but also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures, for example, condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities (实体), whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence.
Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. Chih-Mao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States and East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual’s face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.
The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception (感知), attention, and reasoning in the offline world.
“We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia,” said Park.
The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.
“Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics, private thoughts, and social behaviors,” noted Huang. “As such, the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform.”
13．What may an online profile photo reflect?
14．According to the research, how are American and East Asian Facebook users different in choosing their profile photos?
15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of America.
16．Apart from cultural differences, what other factors might influence one’s choice of profile photo on social media?

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
In life, once on a path, we tend to follow it, for better or worse. What’s sad is that even if it’s the latter, we often follow a certain path anyway because we are so used to the way things are that we don’t even recognize that they could be different. Psychologists call this phenomenon functional fixedness.
This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works — and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap:
People are given a box of tacks (大头钉) and some matches and asked to find a way to attach a candle to a wall so that it burns properly. Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with melted wax (石蜡). The tacks are too short, and the candle doesn’t fasten to the wall. So how can you accomplish the task? The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall, and stand the candle inside it.
To think of that, you have to look beyond the box’s usual role as a container just for tacks and reimagine it serving an entirely new purpose. That is difficult because we all suffer — to one degree or another — from functional fixedness. The inability to think in new ways affects people in every corner of society. The political theorist Hannah Arend coined the phrase frozen thoughts to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer question but should. In Arendt’s eyes, the complacent reliance on such accepted “truths” also made people blind to ideas that didn’t fit their worldview, even when there was ample evidence for them. Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence, she said, “It can be found in highly intelligent people.”
Another context in which frozen thinking can turn truly dangerous is medicine. If you land in the hospital, it’s natural to want to be treated by the most experienced physicians on staff. But according to a 2014 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), you’d be better off being treated by the relative novices.
17．What does “functional fixedness” mean?
18．How is the candle attached to the wall?
19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶Frozen thinking is common among ordinary people but less found in those with high IQ.
20．How can you avoid frozen thoughts in your daily life? (In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Everyone needs it, but no one wants to ask for it. “Help” has become a sort of dirty word, implying weakness and neediness, that we can’t handle our problems on our own. However, whether it be for your physical, mental or academic health, getting words of advice or encouragement from an outside source can make all the difference.
During a time of such uncertainty, the frequency of people requesting help for anxiety and depression has increased. The current situation has made people realize they can’t be alone with their thoughts, and that asking for help from professionals is the best way to get their problems off their chests and their minds on the road to wellness.
Still, requesting help carries a societal weight. The British Psychology Society found that two types of stigmas (羞耻、耻辱) exist: public stigma and self stigma. A “public stigma” is external, a collection of beliefs from around us, which holds a heavy weight on our ideas on seeking help. A “self stigma” is internal, assigning ourselves labels based on our state of mental health, claiming we are worthless and undeserving of help. “Public” and “self” stigmas go hand in hand, and when we hear the stigmas being voiced by those around us, we tend to apply them to ourselves because of social influences, especially those concerning mental health.
To be our better selves, we have to break the stigma around “help” and accept the fact that some problems are too tough to overcome on our own. If we fail to break the stigma around the word “help”, we ignore the increasingly more relevant necessity of getting ourselves assistance in times of need. Despite what society may tell us, it’s not odd or wrong to get help — it’s probably one of the most insightful and courageous things we can do for ourselves.
Each one of us should be able to openly admit that we need help, whether it be for problems we face with school or for internalized struggles with mental health. Sometimes we need support, and that isn’t bad — it’s healthy, and remarkably brave.
21．According to the passage, why is “help” considered a “dirty word”?
22．What is explained in paragraph 3?
23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
● Breaking the stigma around “help” can increase our need of seeking help.
24．What do you think are some other benefits of asking for help? (In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Don’t put your elbows(肘) on the table. The soup spoon should never be put into the mouth. These are some of the examples of table manners. They show the way people behave while eating a meal. Actually, every family follows table manners in its own way. Even in families where no one mentions elbows, there are always behaviours taking effect when sharing meals.
Interestingly, different cultures have different thoughts on table manners-elbows on the table, for example, is very British. Some countries think burping(打嗝) after a meal is a sign that it was delicious. While it is important to keep silent while eating, in some areas it is actually as important to keep up the tradition of eating at the table as a family, with conversations and no mobile phones.
Table manners matter much. They are a reflection of your character. It’s about respect for others. When you are with others in a social setting, you want to be considerate to those around you. Table manners also mean your “ticket” to social success. Good manners will open doors that the best education cannot. Few will want an ill-mannered person in their workplace, or social circle, and this is as relevant today as it was hundreds of years ago.
While globalization has led to the intermixing of cultures, the essence of table manners remains. “I was brought up to have table manners,” says celebrated chef Tony Tan, who grew up in Malaysia, eating Indian, Chinese and Malay cuisines with chopsticks, hands, spoon and fork. Tan, who went on to train as a chef in Paris and London, is an expert in Asian cuisines from Cantonese to Malaysian, which he teaches at his school in country Victoria-but the etiquette(礼节), particularly of his Chinese tradition, has remained. He says, “You’ve got to invite your elders to start eating, or say, ‘We are now eating’, so the elders can say, ‘Go ahead’. It’s a sign of respect to the elderly. When people don’t do that anymore, they lack manners and they lack good upbringing. ”
25．What are table manners?
26．Why are table manners important?
27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after they get permission from the elders.
28．Apart from the rules mentioned in the passage, what other table manners do you have in your home? （In about 40 words）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
For many students, having classes online makes them easily distracted. They face challenges when learning online.
A main source of distraction is digital technology. While electronic devices are required for online learning, they easily steal attention for long periods of time. Most students will hold their phones or leave them on their desks while studying. There is no doubt that during this time a text message from a friend can start a conversation that results in totally ignoring an assignment. Students might open new tabs to watch a fun video or scroll through social media threads. To overcome this challenge, students are encouraged to put all devices out of sight while working and build a solid timetable.
In addition to electronic devices, background noises can be a huge obstacle when it comes to online learning. In fact, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more. Television, family members, pets running in the house, or siblings listening to loud music can all be sources of interruption. Even weather can be a distraction! Imagine a strong wind blowing through the trees or a loud thunderstorm with rain. All these noises can end up disrupting students and affecting their study. A pair of headphones can minimize noise and help students stay on task.
Indeed, where and how we study can be a source of distraction as well. Some students wear comfortable pajamas while lying on their beds with laptops to watch class lectures. This can be a problem for concentration because humans mentally associate the bed with resting. Likewise, kitchens raise even more problems! Thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause a student to miss part of the class. This problem can be solved by trying to slowly train the brain to separate school time from resting and eating time. Also, a student can grab a light snack before class starts or even before starting an assignment.
Different students face different challenges at home. Students need to figure out ways to ensure they stay on track to achieve their academic goals.
29．According to the passage,what can students do to overcome distractions caused by digital technology while learning online?
30．Why do kitchens raise problems for students studying at home?
31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.
To avoid being disturbed by background noises, students could sit in a silent environment or wear a pair of headphones.
32．Please briefly introduce how online learning benefits you.(In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
A new study asks the question: Do conversations end when people want them to? The answer is no.
The study included two parts.
The first part was an online survey that asked 806 people whether there was a moment recently they had wanted to end a conversation with a close friend and to estimate when that moment was in relation to when the talk reached its conclusion. The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab to chat about whatever they felt like for anywhere between one and 45 minutes.
67 percent of the respondents in the first part of the study said they wanted the conversation to end before it actually did, and most had secretly wished the chat had been either 50 percent longer or 50 percent shorter than it was.
“Whatever you think the other person wants, you may well be wrong,” says Adam Mastroianni, a psychology researcher at Harvard University and the study’s lead author. “So you might as well leave when it seems appropriate, because it’s better to be left wanting more than less.”
In the second part of the study, nearly 70 percent of the people reported wanting the conversation to be over before it ended. Just two percent of the conversations wrapped up at a time both people were happy with, and 30 percent of them ended when one of the parties wanted.
The researchers also asked study participants to guess when their conversational partners had wanted to stop talking. Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.
Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.
Thalia Wheatley, a social psychologist at Dartmouth College says the findings are important, adding that conversations are “an elegant expression of joint cooperation”. However, she says, “It all falls apart at the end because we just can’t figure out when to stop.”
Mastroianni says his takeaway is that trying to guess what someone you’re chatting with wants is almost pointless. “You really have no idea when the other person wants to go. So maybe, stop trying and just relax and enjoy the conversation.”
33．Where were the two parts of the study carried out?
34．In what way were the participants’ guesses wrong in the second part of the study?
35．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.
36．If you desire to end a conversation, would you tell the other person directly? Why or why not? （In about 40 words）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop.
From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.”
Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.”
“The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.
Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up.
“Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore.
“Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.”
“If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others.
Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”
37．What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore?
38．What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children?
39．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
40．List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words)

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How to Work Out Your Worries by Writing
An extensive body of research shows benefits to writing about a traumatic experience or difficult situation in a manner that psychologists refer to as “expressive writing.” People who do this, recording their deepest thoughts and feelings, often show improved mental and physical health.
Expressive writing is different from writing in a journal. The idea is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular trauma or challenge. Recognizing that something is bothering you is an important first step. Translating that experience into language forces you to organize your thoughts. And creating a story or explanation gives you a sense of control.
But there are a few limitations. For psychiatrists, expressive writing isn’t a magical cure-all, so it shouldn’t be used as a replacement for other treatments. And people coping with a severe trauma or depression may not find it useful to do on their own, without therapy. Yet it can be a powerful coping tool for many, in large part because it helps combat the feelings that people often keep as secret about a trauma, as well as their reluctance to face emotions. “The more you avoid a problem, the more trouble you will have with it, because you create a circle of anxiety and worries, and increasing negative emotions,” says Brian Marx, PhD, a professor of psychiatry at the Boston University School of Medicine.
Why write? Thinking or talking about an event can lead to reflecting, where you become lost in your emotions. But writing forces you to slow down. The mere act of labeling a feeling— of putting words to an emotion—can reduce the neural activity in the threat area of the brain, says Annette Stanton, PhD, distinguished professor and chair of the department of psychology at UCLA．Stanton’s research suggests that expressive writing can lead to lower depressive symptoms, greater positive mood, and an enhanced appreciation for life. “Writing can increase someone’s acceptance of their experience, and acceptance is calming,” she says.
What if you don’t consider yourself “a writer”? Don’t worry about spelling or grammar, and don’t share your writing with anyone. But do dig deep into your thoughts and feelings. The goal of the exercise is to find meaning in an unsettling event.
41．How is expressive writing different from writing in a journal?
42．What are the limitations of expressive writing?
43．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶ Expressive writing has a calming effect because it can help people to get rid of depression, appreciate life more and accept their experience.
44．What is your own way to work out your worries? And why？ (In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Math causes anxiety in kids, which can last far into adulthood. This is worsened by the pressure of knowing that math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
Ironically, this well-known feature of mathematics is its greatest weakness.
When our kids ask why they need to know algebra, we promise them that it will be useful. Do we listen to jazz because it is useful? Humans like the practical, but we also know that there is much more to life. As Aristotle said, knowledge begins with wonder, but what wonder is there in algebra or calculus? As it turns out, not much. Yet they form the cornerstone of today’s math education. No wonder math creates boredom.
Happily, unlocking the pleasure of math is simple: Do what mathematicians do and seek out unexplored, unknown, undiscovered math.
Regrettably, the mathematical journey is imagined as a terrifying mountain: The wide base is arithmetic, accessible to everyone. Climbing higher brings us to algebra, geometry, and eventually calculus and beyond. We believe that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted.
In reality, math is alive and still advancing, and most of it remains a vast and uncharted countryside. Fresh ideas are constantly being discovered, opening up new and fascinating puzzles. These puzzles allow us to play at the very edge of the mathematical unknown, and many of them are accessible for our students.
Here’s one: Can every even number be written as a sum of two prime numbers? Even numbers such as 8 and 30 can be written as 3+5 and 7+23. But can this be done for every even number? No one knows.
As our kids try to solve this kind of problems, a deeply encouraging truth will appear in their otherwise anxious hearts: It’s OK to struggle with math since everyone struggles with math.
These unsolved puzzles are the great equalizers, helping us realize that we are on the same level as the greatest of mathematicians, all of us staring over the unknown abyss, looking for a way down into the mystery.
45．What is the well-known feature of mathematics?
46．Why does math cause boredom?
47．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted.
48．What else do you think can make math fun?(In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.
Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays.
Why does live theater have these effects? Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.
A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.
The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣).As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery.
49．What is empathy?
50．According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience?
51．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.
52．Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy? (In about 40 words)

阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。
Liberal Arts’ Hidden Value
If you have to pick one, who do you think made greater contributions to the world: physicist Isaac Newton or philosopher Aristotle?
Chances are that you’d find it hard to make a decision. But when choosing a major in college, the line between the two areas couldn’t be clearer. Science majors, such as technology, engineering, math, are considered to be more practical choices because of the wealth of opportunities, while those who choose a liberal arts (文科) major—language, music, philosophy—may have more difficulty finding a job.
But perhaps we should look at liberal arts studies in another way to understand its value. In the documentary Civilizations, for example, presenters (主持人) take us to 31 countries to appreciate human creativity, such as the Great Wall and the Pyramids. To Simon Schama, one of the presenters, human civilization isn’t just about technology, but about liberal arts or creating things to leave a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire.
By comparing science and liberal arts, we’re drawing “an artificial line” between the two, said Loretta Jackson, an associate professor at Rhodes College in Memphis, US. And to some of the greatest innovators (革新者) in history, this line never existed. Leonardo da Vinci, for example, was an outstanding scientist and painter. He was so interested in biology and anatomy (解剖学) that he drew the famous Vitruvian Man, which perfectly shows proportions (比例) of the human body. Then there’s Steve Jobs, who is an engineer and also an artist. He summarized the relationship between science and arts: “It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough—it’s technology married with liberal arts that brings us what makes our heart sing.”
53．Why is science more attractive when students choose a major in college?
54．According to Simon Schama, what is the value of liberal arts in human civilization?
55．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
►Steve Jobs concluded that technology contributed to Apple’s success, but liberal arts played a more important role.
56．What major will you choose in college? Explain your reasons. (In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
LEGO Works to Make Bricks from Recycled Plastic
The LEGO Group has been working on a way to make LEGO bricks out of recycled plastic. The bricks aren’t ready yet, but the company says it’s making progress. Making bricks from recycled materials could cut pollution from the company’s bricks by 70%.
Many people are familiar with LEGOs. Developed in Denmark, the plastic building toys have been around since the 1950s. The toys click together firmly, allowing users to build things that don’t fall apart easily. The company calls this ability to hold tightly “clutch power”.
Since roughly 1960, LEGO bricks have been made from a kind of plastic called ABS. ABS plastic makes LEGO bricks very tough, and gives them great clutch power, over and over again.
Sadly, ABS plastic can’t really be recycled, and it takes a very long time to break down. That’s a big problem. The world is struggling with a huge plastic waste problem. And LEGO makes about 110 billion bricks every year.
But since 2015, LEGO has been making an effort to make their products more earth-friendly. Three years ago, the company began making some LEGO parts, like trees, out of a plastic made from sugar cane. Recently, LEGO started using paper bags instead of plastic to reduce packaging.
But making bricks out of recycled plastic is a big challenge. The goal is to make bricks out of PET plastic, which is softer than ABS plastic and can be found in things like bottles and clothing. A recycled one-liter plastic bottle could make about 102×4 LEGO bricks.
Over the past three years, the company has tested over 250 different ways of creating LEGO bricks from recycled plastic. A team of more than 150 people are working on the problem. Tim Brooks, who focuses on environmental responsibility at LEGO, says that experimenting and failing is “an important part of learning”.
Now, the company says they’ve found a way to make a good 2×4 brick from PET. One important step was finding a way of adding things to PET plastic to make it tougher and give it better clutch power like ABS.
“We know kids care about the environment,” said Mr. Brooks. “Even though it will be a while before they will be able to play with bricks made from recycled plastic, we want to let kids know we’re working on it.”
57．What is the benefit of making LEGO bricks from recycled materials for LEGO Company?
58．What is “clutch power”?
59．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
LEGO wants to make bricks out of PET plastic, because PET plastic is earth friendly and it gives LEGO bricks better clutch power than ABS.
60．As a student, how can we contribute to a green environment? (In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
“Choose your friends wisely” may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds. Researchers prove that students who befriend studious peers spend more hours studying themselves and post higher grades during their freshman year.
It’s important to clarify that having smart friends isn’t as important as having studious friends in this study. The researchers didn’t find that friends’ grades mattered. What influenced a student’s college grades were his or her friends’ high school study habits. To be sure, students with higher grades tend to have better study habits.
They also found that, for every additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying in high school, on average, the student’s own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student’s own GPA (Grade Point Average) would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. Almost identical results are among freshman roommates randomly assigned by the college, which confirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and echoing the friendship analysis. The researchers controlled for gender, race and prior academic achievement and found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
The difference between a B and B+ average is 0.3 points, so studious friends are only nudging grades up a bit. That means peers are just one of many factors influencing how well students do in college. So should we encourage parents to pick their kids, friends in college? “This is one outcome-GPA．There are other things in life, said Mehta who admits to selecting studious friends when he was in college.
61．What do researchers suggest students do in college in this study?
62．How can studious friends help a student do better in college?
63．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students.
64．Besides peer pressure, what do you think is the most important factor that helps improve your grades? (In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
It’s after midnight and you’ve been studying all day. Empty energy drinks line the table and you sigh, “Tomorrow, I’ m getting ice cream. I deserve to treat myself.”
This year, the so-called “treat yourself culture” has expanded far beyond what was once a reward-based mindset. Now, “treating yourself” has become more about stress-caused indulgence (放纵). It represents the more deep-seated issues with the stress we regularly put ourselves under.
The root of the problem lies in our belief that we should be doing more work if it isn’t hard enough. Especially at a top university, I constantly find myself wanting to do more. I want more credits, a higher-grade point average, and more responsibilities I’ll later use as conversation topics in interviews. This drive is by no means a bad thing. We all are trying to eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life. However, there are a lot of problems with this logic. Without sounding completely hopeless and pessimistic, it is possible that the future we imagine in our twenties will not become reality. Therefore, it is important to integrate things that make us happy with work, school or life induced stress.
Psychology certainly supports this belief. While having good self-control was positively associated with happiness, being able to enjoy life’s little pleasures without feeling ashamed of doing so is just as important. For example, even if you have a busy schedule of work, make time to stop by your favorite coffee shop or spend ten minutes to go on a walk outdoors.
I cannot urge you to give up your late nights of studying, energy drinks and all. I cannot tell you to always choose to do something that makes you happy over something you have or should do. Frankly, this is just not the way life works. We have to put up with the hard work and put in the time. Without pain, we’d also lose happiness and joy. It’s all about balance.
So, instead of looking at everything as a way to handle the stress and something to “treat myself”, let’s try to make treating ourselves a far more common practice in the busy lives we lead.
65．What causes the so-called “treat yourself culture”?
66．What does “this logic” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
67．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
• Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life’s little pleasures.
68．Are you a follower of “treat yourself culture”? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Tips for Dealing with Seasonal Affective Disorder
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months. Unlike other types of depression, it may improve as spring comes on. It is often a periodic recurring disorder—you’ll feel depressed every winter and begin to feel better each spring. SAD depression is caused by lowered levels of serotonin, the mood-affecting brain chemical that is caused by seasonal changes in daylight. Shorter days may also disrupt the body’s biological clock, which upsets the balance of melatonin, the hormone which regulates mood and sleep patterns.
Seasonal affective disorder is far more common in northern climates, where days can be very short in winter. SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that.
Although any amount of outdoor light can help raise serotonin levels, getting light in the morning seems to offer the most benefit. If the weather permits, take a walk. In your home or office, try sitting close to a window that faces south. Replacing light bulbs in your home with full spectrum light bulbs can help because they give out light similar to sunlight.
Studies have shown that increasing your exercise routine can counteract SAD．Exercise raises levels of serotonin. Moderate exercise, which means neither too much nor too little exercise, such as walking, riding a stationary bike or swimming is a great way to get started. But any activities that raise your heart rate, including daily chores, can help, especially if you can do them outdoors or near a sunny window. Yoga, jogging and Tai chi can all help lift your mood.
Year-end panic refers to the self-blame and overall feeling of panic brought about by the approach of the year’s end, often due to a poor financial year and pressure from work and family. Psychological experts suggest that we should avoid peer competition. While regretting for the failed plans in the past year, you can still make resolution to do it better in the coming year.
69．According to the passage, what is SAD?
70．Who are more likely to suffer from SAD?
71．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Increasing exercise routine can fight against SAD, and people should do a large amount of exercise to get started.
72．Seasons bring not only depression but also happiness. Which season can cheer you up? And why? (In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Every year more of us try and reduce our impact on the planet. A refill shop, or zero waste shop, gives you a choice to go green.
Refill shops tend to be small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods. Most of the time they will be dry ones like rice and nuts produced directly in the local sites, which means less carbon footprint from farm to plate. They can also be many other sustainable (可持续的) products, like refill cleaning products and soaps. Shoppers only need to bring containers they already own and refill them from larger containers in the store.
Refill and zero-waste shops are usually located in communities. Buying from within walking distance, clearly, is more sustainable and kinder to the planet, and your community. If you’re walking down the street to your local refill shop, then you’re doing great but if you’re driving hours away to find your closest shop, then the transport may cancel out any benefits of what you buy. Remember, it’s the whole process not just the end product.
Perhaps the most significant aspect of shopping at local refill shops is that they encourage us to think about our consumer habits. They make us pause and think about how we can make positive changes for the environment.
If you can shop local and from independent refill shops, then you should. It doesn’t have to be all the time but minimising waste and choosing refills where you can will make a positive difference.
73．What are refill shops?
74．According to the passage, what is the most important value of refill shopping?
75．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because driving to these shops can cost money.
76．In reality, refill shops have not won much popularity yet. What do you think might be the possible reason(s)?(In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
A Rubbish Collector's Work Is Never Done
Brian Kane was a rubbish collector in Denver, Colorado. Eight hours a day, five days a week, fifty weeks a year, he rode on the back of a garbage truck. At each stop, he would jog to the back of buildings, then drag heavy rubbish cans to the truck. Brian never complained.
Brian saw these hardships as opportunities to become strong and fit. His job was a training ground for his lifelong dream: to climb Mount Qomolangma. On his thirtieth birthday, Brian took a leave from his job and flew to Nepal to begin the long, difficult journey up Mount Qomolangma.
Brian first climbed to a base camp. He planned to bring three oxygen containers with him to the top. At 29, 028 feet, it would be hard to survive without extra oxygen. Over the next two months, Brian climbed to 26, 000 feet, to Camp Four—the last place to rest below the top of the mountain. But when Brian saw this camp, he fell to his knees. “Rubbish!” he cried. Nearly a thousand empty oxygen containers littered the camp area. Humans had turned this beautiful, far-away place into a big rubbish pile. Brian was very sad. But with a strong determination he continued to follow his dream. Two days later he stood proudly on the top of Mount Qomolangma. He had reached the “roof of the world!”
Two days after this great achievement, Brian put a dozen empty oxygen containers in his pack and headed down the mountain He smiled to himself as he realized that the work of a rubbish collector is great and never done.
77．What was Brian Kane?(不多于三个单词)
78．What was Brian's lifelong dream?(不多于四个单词)
79．How did Brian feel when he saw the rubbish pile at Camp Four?(不多于两个单词)
80．What do you think of Brian Kane?(一个单词)
































参考答案：
1．Empathy refers more to the general ability to feel the emotions of others, while Compassion is what happens when those feelings of empathy are accompanied by the desire to help.
2．Compassion has two forms and they are compassion for other people and Self-compassion.
3．Compassionate people like making judgement of other people. Because compassionate people tend to accept people as they are and avoid judgement.
4．I think the sense of compassion is important in my life. Because it not only motivates me to take action to help relieve suffering but also treats myself with the same kindness that I would show to others.

【导语】这是是一篇说明文。本文介绍了同情心和同理心的区别，同情心的两种表现形式即同情他人和自我同情，及培养同情心的三种方式——感同身受，不随意评价和练习关注。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段第六句“Empathy refers more to the general ability to feel the emotions of others. Compassion, on the other hand, is what happens when those feelings of empathy are accompanied by the desire to help.”（ 同理心更多的是指感受他人情绪的一般能力。另一方面同情是当这些同理心伴随着帮助的愿望同时发生的。）可知，同情心和同理心不同之处在于同理心是一种感知别人心情的能力，而同情心除了包含同理心之外还有帮助别人的愿望。故答案为Empathy refers more to the general ability to feel the emotions of others, while Compassion is what happens when those feelings of empathy are accompanied by the desire to help.。
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“Compassion often comes in one of two forms, which vary depending on where these feelings are directed.”（同情心经常是来自于两种形式之一，这个不同取决于这些情感被引导在了哪里。），第四句“When you experience compassion for other people, you feel their pain and want to find a way to relieve their suffering.”（当你同情他人时，你会感受到他们的痛苦，并想要找到一种方式来解脱他们的痛苦。）和第六句“Self-compassion involves treating yourself with the same kindness that you would show to others.”（ 自我同情包含了你要用对其他人的善意的对待自己。）可知，同情心有两种形式——同情他人和自我同情。故答案为Compassion has two forms and they are compassion for other people and Self-compassion.。
3．考查推理判断。根据第五段的第二句“Compassionate people tend to accept people as they are and avoid judgement.”（ 有同情心的人趋向于接受人们本来的样子并且避免做出评判。）可知，陈述部分的前半句“Compassionate people like making judgement of other people”（ 有同情心的人喜欢对他人做出评判）是错误的。故答案为Because compassionate people tend to accept people as they are and avoid judgement.。
4．考查开放性试题。根据第二段内容“When you experience compassion for other people, you feel their pain and want to find a way to relieve their suffering. These feelings motivate you to take action to make the situation better. Self-compassion involves treating yourself with the same kindness that you would show to others. You will treat failures without defensiveness, and no longer beat yourself up you’re your mistakes. You will feel understanding, mindful, and accepting of yourself and your imperfections.”（ 当你体验了对他人的同情时，你感受到了他们的痛苦并且想要找到方法来减轻他们的痛苦。这些感觉会激励你采取行动让情况变得更好。自我同情包括了用你对别人的善意来对待自己。你会毫无防备地对待失败并且不再因为自己的错误而自责。你会理解，留心并接受自己和自己的不完美。）可知，拥有同情心不仅会让人缓解痛苦还会对自己和他人更加关心和友好，所以我认为同情心是非常重要。故答案为I think the sense of compassion is important in my life. Because it not only motivates me to take action to help relieve suffering but also treats myself with the same kindness that I would show to others.。
5．Combining her love of baking with a new use for the box.
6．Getting permission from the community council to use the call box.
7．Nobody worried that Holly’s idea wouldn’t work, and people even left notes saying how much they liked the idea.
Because nobody told Holly Ford that her idea wouldn’t work.
8．开放性试题。言之有理即可，注意词数限制。In my opinion, the creativity of Holly Ford is important. Creative methods in learning will make our learning efficiency double with half the effort. In addition, creativity will be very beneficial for people to create new items and create a better lifestyle.

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Holly Ford将废弃已久的电话亭变为出售蛋糕和其他当地农产品的地方的事情。
5．考查细节理解。根据第一段“When Holly Ford walked past a long disused phone box on the outskirts of her home village of Cladich, near Inverary in Argyll, Scotland, in 2017, an idea began to form which combined her love of baking with a new use for the box,(2017年，当Holly Ford走过位于苏格兰阿盖尔（Argyll）因弗雷（Inverary）附近的家乡克拉迪奇（Cladich）郊区的一个废弃已久的电话亭时，一个想法开始形成，将她对烘焙的热爱与盒子的新用途结合在一起)”可知，当Holly Ford经过一个废弃已久的电话亭时，她的想法是将她对烘焙的热爱与电话亭的新用途结合在一起。故答案为Combining her love of baking with a new use for the box.
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段““It’s been amazing how much support we had from the outset,” said Holly, who got permission from the community council to use the call box. (“我们从一开始就得到了如此多的支持，真是令人惊讶，”得到社区委员会许可，可以使用电话亭的Holly说)”可知，Holly Ford一开始得到了社区委员会的许可，可以使用电话亭，这使得她把想法变成了现实。故答案为Getting permission from the community council to use the call box.
7．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Nobody told us it wouldn’t work,(没有人告诉我们这行不通)”以及第五段“And we do get quite a few notes that people leave for us saying how much they like the idea.(我们确实收到了不少人们留下的纸条，说他们多么喜欢这个想法)”可知，没有人告诉Holly Ford想法是行不通的，而不是没有人担心她的想法行不通。故答案为Nobody worried that Holly’s idea wouldn’t work, and people even left notes saying how much they liked the idea. Because nobody told Holly Ford that her idea wouldn’t work.
8．开放性试题。言之有理即可，注意词数限制。In my opinion, the creativity of Holly Ford is important. Creative methods in learning will make our learning efficiency double with half the effort. In addition, creativity will be very beneficial for people to create new items and create a better lifestyle.
9．When it comes to stronger social bonds, verbal communication is more useful than typing messages or sending emails.
10．When people connected with an old friend by phone they did not actually feel that awkward.
11．➢ According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because of its instant access.
According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because there is no need to think about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.
12．If I am going to reconnect my old friends, I will choose to call them directly. The reason is that a phone call is more convenient. Because it is easy to determine the true meaning behind a conversation without a need to think about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究表明，和发短信、发邮件等相比，打电话、视频等才是联络感情的更好的方式。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段“A new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.(发表在《实验心理学杂志》上的一项新研究发现，包括电话或视频聊天在内的语音交流互动，比文本信息或电子邮件等打字交流更能建立起更强的社会联系)”可知，研究发现，包含语音的交流互动比打字交流更能建立较强的社会联系。故答案为：When it comes to stronger social bonds, verbal communication is more useful than typing messages or sending emails.
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better.(虽然人们预计打电话会更尴尬，但听到别人的声音实际上会让体验更好)”可知，当人们打电话和老朋友联系时，他们实际上感觉不是那么尴尬。故答案为：When people connected with an old friend by phone they did not actually feel that awkward.
11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message” she explains. “Each party is more present, and therefore able to gauge the meaning behind the content without thinking about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.”(罗曼诺夫说，在现实中，发短信会让人很难确定对话背后的真正含义。她解释说：“考虑到信息的净效应，打电话实际上更方便”。 “每一方都更在场，因此能够衡量内容背后的含义，而不必考虑单词和标点符号背后无尽的可能含义。”)”可知，打电话更方便的原因是不需要考虑单词和标点符号背后的可能含义。所以原句中的“because of its instant access”是错的。故答案为：➢ According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because of its instant access.
According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because there is no need to think about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.
12．开放性题。考生言之有理则可，注意词数限制。参考答案为：If I am going to reconnect my old friends, I will choose to call them directly. The reason is that a phone call is more convenient. Because it is easy to determine the true meaning behind a conversation without a need to think about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.
13．It may reflect individual preferences and more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences.
14．Facebook users in America are more likely to use profile photos that focus on their faces, while the photos of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.
15．In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of America.
Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because the culture of their host country has an influence on their self-presentation online.
16．I think apart from cultural differences, age and one’s working area may affect one’s choice of profile photos on social media.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我们在社交媒体选择的照片作为自己的头像可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。
13．考查细节理解。根据第一段“According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted unconscious cultural differences.(根据德克萨斯大学达拉斯中心研究人员的一项研究，我们选择的照片可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。)”可知，在线个人资料照片会反映出个人偏好和更加根深蒂固，无意识的文化差异。故答案为It may reflect individual preferences and more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences。
14．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual’s face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more backgroundfeatures. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.(总的来说，他们发现美国人的头像照片更倾向于关注个人的面部，而东亚人的头像往往不太强调面部，包含更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。)”可知，Facebook用户在美国的档案照片更有可能关注他们的脸，而东亚人的照片往往不太强调面部，包括更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。故答案为Facebook users in America are more likely to use profile photos that focus on their faces, while the photos of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users。
15．考查细节理解。根据第五段“The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.(研究还发现，文化对我们在线自我表达的影响会随着时间和地点的变化而变化。在其中一个研究样本中，在日本留学的美国人和在美国留学的日本人都倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整自己的头像。)”可知，在日本留学的美国人倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整个人资料照片，因为所在国的文化会影响他们在网上的自我表现。故答案为In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of America.
Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because the culture of their host country has an influence on their self-presentation online。
16．开放性题目，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。参考答案：我认为除了文化差异之外，年龄和一个人的工作领域可能会影响一个人在社交媒体上选择个人资料照片。故答案为I think apart from cultural differences, age and one’s working area may affect one’s choice of profile photos on social media。
17．It means we are used to the way things are that we don’t even recognize that they could be different.
18．The successful technique is to place it into the emptied tack box that is fastened to the wall.
19．Frozen thinking is common among ordinary people but less found in those with high IQ. Because Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence.
20．There are two ways to avoid frozen thoughts. Firstly, I can talk to people who disagree with me, which is good for my brain. What’s more, I always think outside the box, which can broaden my thinking in countless ways.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。
17．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“What’s sad is that even if it’s the latter, we often follow a certain path anyway because we are used to the way things are that we don’t even recognize that they could be different. Psychologists call this phenomenon functional fixedness.(可悲的是，即使是后者，我们通常还是会走一条特定的道路，因为我们已经习惯了事物本来的样子，甚至没有意识到它们可能是不同的。心理学家称这种现象为功能性固着)”可知，功能固着指的习惯了事物本来的样子，甚至没有意识到它们可能是不同的。故答案为It means we are used to the way things are that we don’t even recognize that they could be different.
18．考查细节理解。根据第三段的“The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall, and stand the candle inside it.(成功的方法是把大头钉盒当作烛台。你把它倒空，钉在墙上，把蜡烛放在里面)”可知，成功的方法是把大头钉盒当作烛台，钉在墙上，把蜡烛放在里面。故答案为The successful technique is to place it into the emptied tack box that is fastened to the wall.
19．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence, she said, “It can be found in highly intelligent people.”(她说，思维僵化与智力无关，“它可以在高智商的人身上找到。”)”可知，“Frozen thinking is common among ordinary people but less found in those with high IQ.”的错误之处是“less found in those with high IQ”，因为思维僵化与智力无关，也可以在高智商的人身上找到。故答案为Frozen thinking is common among ordinary people but less found in those with high IQ. Because Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence.
20．开放性问题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。题干意为“你如何避免日常生活中的思维僵化？”，结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意词数限制。参考答案为：There are two ways to avoid frozen thoughts. Firstly, I can talk to people who disagree with me, which is good for my brain. What’s more, I always think outside the box, which can broaden my thinking in countless ways.
21．Because some people think if they ask for help, it means they are too weak to handle their own problems by themselves.
22．The second paragraph is mainly about the social influence contributing to the “help” becoming a dirty word and introduced two types of stigmas : public stigma and self stigma.
23．Breaking the stigma around “help” can increase our need of seeking help. The underlined part is wrong because breaking the stigma around “help” can improve ourselves.
24．It is likely that if you can ask somebody for help, you can make a good friend because that makes the other feel they are needed and trusted, and also you can learn a lot during the process.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了现在“帮助”一词竟然被污名化，意味着软弱无能。
21．考查细节理解。根据第一段““Help” has become a sort of dirty word, implying weakness and neediness, that we can’t handle our problems on our own.(“帮助”已经变成了一个肮脏的词，暗示着软弱和需要，我们不能自己处理我们的问题)”可知，“help”被污名化，是因为人们认为自己需要别人帮助就意味着自己弱势，不能把自己的问题处理好。故答案为Because some people think if they ask for help, it means they are too weak to handle their own problems by themselves.
22．考查段落大意。根据第三段“Still, requesting help carries a societal weight. The British Psychology Society found that two types of stigmas (羞耻、耻辱) exist: public stigma and self stigma...(尽管如此，寻求帮助还是有社会影响的。英国心理学会发现存在两种类型的污名:公众污名和自我污名……)”及后面对两种情况详细展开的介绍可知，本段主要讲述了心理学家发现两种类型的求助耻辱心理：公众污名和自我污名。 故答案为The second paragraph is mainly about the social influence contributing to the “help” becoming a dirty word and introduced two types of stigmas : public stigma and self stigma.
23．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“To be our better selves, we have to break the stigma around “help” and accept the fact that some problems are too tough to overcome on our own.( 要成为更好的自己，我们必须打破围绕“帮助”的污名，并接受这样一个事实：有些问题很难靠我们自己克服)”可知，作者认为打破这个求助的耻辱感，才可以接受事实，适当求助，完善提升自我，所以说“Breaking the stigma around “help” can increase our need of seeking help.”意为：打破“帮助”的污名会增加我们寻求帮助的需求，就会更多地去求助别人，这个说法是错误的。应改为Breaking the stigma around “help” can improve ourselves. 故答案为Breaking the stigma around “help” can increase our need of seeking help. The underlined part is wrong because breaking the stigma around “help” can improve ourselves.
24．开放题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。遇到困难自己解决不了，向人求助有很多好处。例如，真心求助会使对方感到被需要，被信任而真心帮助，甚至会成为好朋友，求助者也会向对方学到很多知识。参考答案为It is likely that if you can ask somebody for help, you can make a good friend because that makes the other feel they are needed and trusted, and also you can learn a lot during the process.
25．Table manners are the way people behave while eating a meal.
26．Because table manners can reflect people’s character, such as being respectful and considerate to others, and they can also lead people to social success.
27．Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after the get permission from the elders.
According to the passage, if their elders say “Go ahead”, younger generations can start eating before the elders do. So it is acceptable for them to start eating with the permission from the elderly.
28．In my home, when you want something at dinner, don’t point at it with your chopsticks, and don’t speak noisily either. Please use a spoon for soup. When you finish the dinner, and someone is still eating, don’t leave the table.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了餐桌礼仪及其重要性。
25．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“They show the way people behave while eating a meal.(它们展示了人们吃饭时的行为方式。)”可知，餐桌礼仪是人们吃饭时的行为方式。故答案为Table manners are the way people behave while eating a meal.
26．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Table manners matter much. They are a reflection of your character. It’s about respect for others. When you are with others in a social setting, you want to be considerate to those around you. Table manners also mean your “ticket” to social success. (餐桌礼仪很重要。它们是你性格的反映。这是对他人的尊重。当你和别人在一个社会环境中，你想要体谅你周围的人。餐桌礼仪也意味着你获得社交成功的“门票”。)”可知，餐桌礼仪很重要，因为餐桌礼仪可以反映出人的性格，比如尊重和体贴他人，他们也可以导致人们的社会成功。故答案为Because table manners can reflect people’s character, such as being respectful and considerate to others, and they can also lead people to social success.
27．考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“He says, “You’ve got to invite your elders to start eating, or say, ‘We are now eating’, so the elders can say, ‘Go ahead’. It’s a sign of respect to the elderly. (他说：“你必须邀请你的长辈开始吃饭，或者说，‘我们正在吃饭’，这样长辈就会说，‘开始吧’。”这是对老人的尊重。)”可知，如果他们的长辈说“开始吧”，年轻一代可以在长辈之前开始吃东西。所以他们在得到老人的允许后开始吃东西是可以接受的。故答案为>Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after the get permission from the elders.
According to the passage, if their elders say “Go ahead”, younger generations can start eating before the elders do. So it is acceptable for them to start eating with the permission from the elderly.
28．开放题。要求考生陈述自己家中的餐桌礼仪，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为In my home, when you want something at dinner, don’t point at it with your chopsticks, and don’t speak noisily either. Please use a spoon for soup. When you finish the dinner, and someone is still eating, don’t leave the table.
29．They can put all devices out of sight while studying and build a solid timetable.
30．Because thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause them to miss part of the class.
31．To avoid being disturbed by background noises, students could sit in a silent environment or wear a pair of headphones.
According to the passage, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more.
32．With online learning, I enjoy more flexibility in rearranging courses and completing tasks. It also allows me to learn at my own pace. For instance, I can start and pause the video when it suits me to ensure that I’ve really mastered the material.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了导致许多学生在线学习时分心的原因。
29．考查细节理解。根据第二段“To overcome this challenge, students are encouraged to put all devices out of sight while working and build a solid timetable.(为了克服这一挑战，学生们被鼓励在学习时将所有设备放在看不见的地方，并制定一个可靠的时间表。)”可知，学生在线学习时，可以把所有设备都放在视线之外，并制定一个可靠的时间表，以克服数码技术造成的分心。故答案为They can put all devices out of sight while studying and build a solid timetable.
30．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Likewise, kitchens raise even more problems! Thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause a student to miss part of the class.(同样，厨房也会带来更多的问题！经常想着食物可能会干扰学习或导致学生错过部分课程。)”可知，厨房会给在家里学习的学生带来问题，因为经常想着食物会干扰学习或导致他们错过部分课程。故答案为Because thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause them to miss part of the class.
31．考查细节理解。根据第三段“In addition to electronic devices, background noises can be a huge obstacle when it comes to online learning. In fact, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more.(除了电子设备之外，背景噪音也是在线学习的巨大障碍。事实上，坐在静默环境中往往更突出背景噪音。)”可知，静默环境会更突出背景噪音，所以为了避免受到背景噪音的影响，学生们不能坐在静默环境中。故答案为To avoid being disturbed by background noises, students could sit in a silent environment or wear a pair of headphones.
According to the passage, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more.
32．开放性题目。通过在线学习，我可以更灵活地重新安排课程和完成任务。它也让我能够按照自己的节奏学习。例如，我可以在合适的时候启动和暂停视频，以确保我真正掌握了材料。故答案为With online learning, I enjoy more flexibility in rearranging courses and completing tasks. It also allows me to learn at my own pace. For instance, I can start and pause the video when it suits me to ensure that I’ve really mastered the material.
33．Online and in a lab.
34．By either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk.
35．It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.
It’s difficult to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend, because people have no idea when the other person wants to stop talking.
36．If I desire to end a conversation, I would not tell the other person directly beacause I just tend to relax and enjoy the conversation and do not want to hurt others' feelings.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究提出了这样一个问题：对话是否会在人们希望结束的时候结束？答案是否定的。
33．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段第一句中“The first part was an online survey(第一部分是一项在线调查)”和第二句中“The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab (第二部分，252人与实验室中的陌生人配对)”可知，研究的两个部分是在线上和实验室里进行的。故答案为Online and in a lab.
34．考查细节理解。根据文章第七段最后一句“Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.(这些猜测是错误的，高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望，约占实际谈话长度的64%。)”可知，在研究的第二部分，参与者的猜测高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望。故答案为By either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk.
35．考查细节理解。根据文章第八段“Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.(综上所述，研究结果表明，我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿)”可知，找个合适的时间结束和亲密朋友的谈话是很不容易的，因为我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿，所以所给句子中easy一词表述有误。故答案为It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend. It’s difficult to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend, because people have no idea when the other person wants to stop talking.
36．本题为开放型题目，言之有理即可，注意词数限制。题干：如果你想结束一段对话，你会直接告诉对方吗？为什么？为什么不？故答案为If I desire to end a conversation, I would not tell the other person directly beacause I just tend to relax and enjoy the conversation and do not want to hurt others’ feelings.
37．Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs.
38．It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships.
39．Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time.
40．I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发展和维持友谊是一项需要时间培养的技能，童年时期的亲密友谊有助于孩子的成长，家长可以采取方式帮助孩子建立友谊。
37．考查细节理解。根据第二段“From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist.(从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受。临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔说，这种被称为心理理论的新兴能力有助于儿童交朋友)”可知，从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受，故答案为Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs.
38．考查细节理解。根据第四段““In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.(“成年后，寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力。”根据一项研究，成年人必须在一起50个小时左右，才能从单纯的熟人变成普通朋友；在一起90个小时后，才能把彼此视为朋友；在一起200个小时以上，才能成为拥有共同情感的亲密朋友)”可知，与儿童相比，成年人发展友谊的劣势是成年人寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力，故答案为It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships.
39．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”(家长可以在校外组织有趣的聚会，帮助孩子建立友谊。“方法是：观察然后参与。”肯尼迪·摩尔说。“家长应该教孩子观察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓励他们在不打断的情况下投入到行动中。”)”可知，父母应该鼓励他们的孩子观看并在不打断的情况下进入动作，而不是时不时地纠正他们，故答案为Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time.
40．开放性题目。我会采取这样的方式来发展或维持友谊：我会直接告诉我的朋友，我想和他们谈谈，花时间和他们在一起。此外，当他们说话时，我会仔细听他们说话。最重要的是，我会让他们知道我是值得信赖的，我们可以成为更亲密的朋友。故答案为I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends.
41．Expressive writing is different from writing in a journal in that it is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular trauma or challenge.
42．Expressive writing can’t cure all mental problems and is not useful for people coping with a severe trauma or depression.
43．Expressive writing has a calming effect because it can help people to get rid of depression, appreciate life more and accept their experience.
According to the passage, expressive writing can help people feel less depressed, but can’t get rid of depression.
44．言之有理即可

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的写作方式“表达性写作”，用这种写作方式来写创伤经历或困境对人是有好处的。
41．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Expressive writing is different from writing in a journal. The idea is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular trauma or challenge.(表达性写作不同于写日记。这个想法是为了诚实和深思熟虑地反思一个特定的创伤或挑战。)”可知，表达性写作不是单纯的记录一件事。故答案为Expressive writing is different from writing in a journal in that it is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular trauma or challenge.
42．考查细节理解。根据第三段“But there are a few limitations. For psychiatrists, expressive writing isn’t a magical cure-all, so it shouldn’t be used as a replacement for other treatments. And people coping with a severe trauma or depression may not find it useful to do on their own, without therapy.(但也有一些限制。对于精神科医生来说，表达性写作并不是灵丹妙药，所以它不应该被用来替代其他治疗方法。而那些正在应对严重创伤或抑郁症的人可能会发现，如果不接受治疗，仅靠自己是没有用的。)”可知，表达性写作的缺陷是不能治愈所有精神上的问题，对于严重创伤或抑郁症患者，并没有作用。故答案为Expressive writing can’t cure all mental problems and is not useful for people coping with a severe trauma or depression.
43．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Stanton’s research suggests that expressive writing can lead to lower depressive symptoms, greater positive mood, and an enhanced appreciation for life. “Writing can increase someone’s acceptance of their experience, and acceptance is calming,” she says.(斯坦顿的研究表明，表达性写作可以降低抑郁症状，增强积极情绪，增强对生活的感恩。她说：“写作可以提高人们对自己经历的接受度，而接受会让人平静下来。”)”可知，表达性写作可以降低抑郁症状，而不是消除抑郁。所以原句中的to get rid of depression是错的。故答案为Expressive writing has a calming effect because it can help people to get rid of depression, appreciate life more and accept their experience.
According to the passage, expressive writing can help people feel less depressed, but can’t get rid of depression.
44．开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为When I feel worried, I always listen to some relaxing music, watch amusing films or go hiking in my spare time. Because these can help me feel relaxed and make me forget my worries.
45．Math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
46．Although math is considered very important, it hardly leads learners to wonder.
47．● The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted. According to the passage, the author believes math is accessible for students and that fresh ideas are constantly being discovered.
48．Working in a team can make math fun because both of the team sprit can be inspired and cultivated. Besides, the progress of figuring out a math problem can bring a sense of achievement, thus motivating us to enjoy the math.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。数学会给孩子带来焦虑，这种焦虑会一直持续到成年。数学是推动我们社会发展的科学和技术的看门人，这种认识带来的压力使情况变得更糟。文章主要论述了数学的作用以及学习数学的乐趣。
45．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“This is worsened by the pressure of knowing that math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.(数学是推动我们社会发展的科学和技术的看门人，这种认识带来的压力使情况变得更糟)”可知，数学的著名特征是数学是推动我们社会发展的科学技术的看门人。故答案为Math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
46．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Humans like the practical, but we also know that there is much more to life. As Aristotle said, knowledge begins with wonder, but what wonder is there in algebra or calculus? As it turns out, not much. Yet they form the cornerstone of today’s math education. No wonder math creates boredom.(人类喜欢实用，但我们也知道生活远不止这些。正如亚里士多德所说，知识始于好奇，但在代数或微积分中有什么好奇呢？事实证明，并不是很多。然而，它们构成了当今数学教育的基石。难怪数学让人感到无聊)”可知，数学会让人感到无聊是因为虽然数学被认为非常重要，但它几乎不会让学习者去思考。故答案为Although math is considered very important, it hardly leads learners to wonder.
47．考查细节理解。根据倒数第四段“In reality, math is alive and still advancing, and most of it remains a vast and uncharted countryside. Fresh ideas are constantly being discovered, opening up new and fascinating puzzles. These puzzles allow us to play at the very edge of the mathematical unknown, and many of them are accessible for our students.(事实上，数学是存在的，而且还在不断进步，它的大部分仍然是一个广阔而未知的乡村。新鲜的想法不断被发现，打开新的和迷人的谜题。这些谜题让我们能够在数学未知的边缘进行游戏，其中许多谜题对我们的学生来说是可以理解的)”可知，根据这篇文章，作者认为数学对学生来说是容易理解的，新鲜的想法不断被发现。故“but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted”部分错误。故答案为● The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted. According to the passage, the author believes math is accessible for students and that fresh ideas are constantly being discovered.
48．开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你认为还有什么能让数学变得有趣？可回答：在团队中工作可以使数学变得有趣，因为双方的团队精神都可以得到启发和培养。 此外，解决数学问题的过程可以带来成就感，从而激发我们去享受数学。故答案为Working in a team can make math fun because both of the team sprit can be inspired and cultivated. Besides, the progress of figuring out a math problem can bring a sense of achievement, thus motivating us to enjoy the math.
49．Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.
50．Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior.
51．Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.
Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences.
52．言之有理即可。

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了戏剧对于人类而言，不仅仅是娱乐，而且也是人们建立心理技能的重要途径，因为戏剧能让人产生同理心。
49．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.(这是建立心理技能的重要途径——尤其是同理心，即我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。)”可知，同理心是我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。故答案为Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.
50．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.(坐在黑暗中看戏剧可以让我们忘记自己的烦恼，把我们带入另一个人的生活和思想。我们发现，人越“沉浸”或“迷失”与戏剧，他们的信念和行为就越会被改变。)”可知，在观看现场演出时，人们会更容易忘记自己的烦恼而沉浸到角色的感情中，最终改变自己的行为。故答案为Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior。
51．考查推理判断。根据第四段“A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.(社会心理学的一个经典发现是，与和自己不同的人反复积极地接触可以建立同理心。我们中的许多人在创造这样的邂逅方面经验太少——或者兴趣太少。戏剧提供了一个机会，让我们在不同的环境中看到与我们不同的人的经历。)”可知，戏剧能建立同理心的原因不是让我们想起以前的经历，而是戏剧给我们一些邂逅能够去体验不同的经历。所以原句中“remind us of our past experiences.(提醒我们过去的经历。)”是错的，故答案为 Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.
Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences.
52．开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为Being on the stage can built empathy as well. For instance, taking acting classed can improve students’ empathy. The same is true for experiencing more solitary art forms, such as reading. Even reading “Harry Potter” had been shown to reduce prejudice toward stigmatized groups in children. Or you can expand your empathy at home by picking up a novel.
53．Because it offers many opportunities.
54．The value of liberal arts in human civilization lies in the fact that it leaves a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire.
55．Steve Jobs concluded that technology contributed to Apple’s success, but liberal arts played a more important role.
56．I will choose science majors in college, because it offers many opportunities and enables me to find a good job after graduation. If I choose liberal arts majors, it is possible that I won’t find jobs.

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是人文学科的潜在价值。
53．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Science majors, such as technology, engineering, math, are considered to be more practical choices because of the wealth of opportunities(科学专业，如技术、工程、数学，被认为是更实际的选择，因为机会丰富)”可知，学生在大学选择专业时，科学更有吸引力是因为它提供了很多机会，即Because it offers many opportunities。故答案为Because it offers many opportunities。
54．细节理解题。根据第三段的“To Simon Schama, one of the presenters, human civilization isn’t just about technology, but about liberal arts or creating things to leave a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire.(对主持人之一Simon Schama来说，人类文明不仅与技术有关，还与人文艺术或创造东西有关，这些东西能留下一个人的存在印记，供未来的人类见证和欣赏)”可知，西蒙·沙玛认为，人文学科在人类文明中的价值是这些东西能留下一个人的存在印记，供未来的人类见证和欣赏，答案为“The value of liberal arts in human civilization lies in the fact that it leaves a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire”，故答案为The value of liberal arts in human civilization lies in the fact that it leaves a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire。
55．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough—it’s technology married with liberal arts that brings us what makes our heart sing.(在苹果的DNA中，只有技术是不够的，只有技术与人文艺术结合，才能让我们的心歌唱)”可知，Steve Jobs的意思是技术和人文艺术要结合，而没有说谁比谁更重要，因此错误的部分是“played a more important role”。故答案为Steve Jobs concluded that technology contributed to Apple’s success, but liberal arts played a more important role。
56．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Science majors, such as technology, engineering, math, are considered to be more practical choices because of the wealth of opportunities, while those who choose a liberal arts (文科) major—language, music, philosophy—may have more difficulty finding a job.(科学专业，如技术、工程、数学，被认为是更实际的选择，因为机会丰富，而那些选择文科专业(语言、音乐、哲学)的人可能更难找到工作)”及个人想法可知，在大学我会选择科学专业，因为它提供了很多机会，能让我在毕业后找到一份好工作。如果我选择文科专业，有可能找不到工作，故答案为I will choose science majors in college, because it offers many opportunities and enables me to find a good job after graduation. If I choose liberal arts majors, it is possible that I won’t find jobs。
57．To cut pollution from the company’s bricks by 70%. / Using the recycled materials could cut pollution from the company’s bricks by 70%. / Making bricks from recycled materials could cut pollution from the company’s bricks by 70%.
58．“Clutch power” is an ability to hold tightly. /“Clutch power” is an ability to hold tightly, which can click toys together firmly, allowing users to build things that don’t fall apart easily.
59．LEGO wants to make bricks out of PET plastic, because PET plastic is earth friendly and it gives LEGO bricks better clutch power than ABS.
According to the passage, PET plastic is softer than ABS plastic, so it cannot give LEGO bricks better clutch power than ABS. The company should find a way of adding things to PET plastic to make it tougher.
60．Firstly, we should take action from small things, such as not throwing waste paper and participating in garbage classification. Secondly, we can set up green volunteer service teams to strengthen waste recycling, which can raise our awareness of environmental protection.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍乐高积木的材料。
57．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Making bricks from recycled materials could cut pollution from the company’s bricks by 70%. (用回收材料制作积木可以将公司积木的污染减少70%。)”可知，对于乐高公司来说，用回收材料制作乐高积木可以将公司积木的污染减少70%。故答案为To cut pollution from the company’s bricks by 70%. /Using the recycled materials could cut pollution from the company’s bricks by 70%. /Making bricks from recycled materials could cut pollution from the company’s bricks by 70%.
58．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The toys click together firmly, allowing users to build things that don’t fall apart easily. The company calls this ability to hold tightly “clutch power”. (玩具牢固地嵌在一起，让使用者建造不容易分解的东西。该公司称这种紧紧固定在一起的能力为“clutch power”。)”可知，clutch power指的是：使玩具牢固地嵌在一起，让使用者建造的东西不容易分解的能力。故答案为“Clutch power” is an ability to hold tightly. /“Clutch power” is an ability to hold tightly, which can click toys together firmly, allowing users to build things that don’t fall apart easily.
59．考查推理判断。根据第三段“ABS plastic makes LEGO bricks very tough, and gives them great clutch power, over and over again. (ABS塑料使乐高积木非常坚韧，并一遍又一遍地赋予它们强大的“抓力”。)”及第六段“The goal is to make bricks out of PET plastic, which is softer than ABS plastic and can be found in things like bottles and clothing. (目标是用PET塑料制作积木，PET塑料比ABS塑料更柔软，可以在瓶子和衣服等东西中找到。)”可知，ABS塑料使乐高积木非常坚韧，有强大的抓力。PET塑料比ABS塑料更柔软，故推知，比起ABS塑料，PET塑料不能给乐高积木更好的“抓力”。故答案为LEGO wants to make bricks out of PET plastic, because PET plastic is earth friendly and it gives LEGO bricks better clutch power than ABS.
According to the passage, PET plastic is softer than ABS plastic, so it cannot give LEGO bricks better clutch power than ABS. The company should find a way of adding things to PET plastic to make it tougher.
60．考查开放性试题。故答案为Firstly, we should take action from small things, such as not throwing waste paper and participating in garbage classification. Secondly, we can set up green volunteer service teams to strengthen waste recycling, which can raise our awareness of environmental protection.
61．Choose your friends wisely. /Befriend or make friends with studious students.
62．By influencing the student’s study habits.
63．The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students. The researchers found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
64．In my opinion, study habits is the most important factor that helps improve grades. Because a better study habit can make you self-discipline and become a better time planner, which can in return benefit you under the limited time during school.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩。影响学生大学成绩的因素是他或她朋友的高中学习习惯。可以肯定的是，成绩越高的学生学习习惯越好。
61．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Researchers prove that students who befriend studious peers spend more hours studying themselves and post higher grades during their freshman year.(研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩)”可知，在这项研究中，研究人员建议学生在大学里明智地选择你的朋友或与勤奋的学生交朋友。故答案为Choose your friends wisely. /Befriend or make friends with studious students.
62．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“What influenced a student’s college grades were his or her friends’ high school study habits.(影响学生大学成绩的因素是他或她朋友的高中学习习惯)”可知，勤奋的朋友通过影响学生的学习习惯来帮助学生。故答案为By influencing the student’s study habits.
63．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Almost identical results are among freshman roommates randomly assigned by the college, which confirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and echoing the friendship analysis. The researchers controlled for gender, race and prior academic achievement and found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.(在大学随机分配的新生室友中，也得到了几乎相同的结果，这证实了同伴确实影响了学习习惯，并与友谊分析相呼应。研究人员控制了性别、种族和先前的学术成就，发现勤奋的同龄人对成绩优异和成绩差的学生产生的积极影响是相似的)”可知，错误的部分是“only for high achieving students”，因为研究人员发现，勤奋的同龄人对成绩优异和成绩差的学生产生的积极影响是相似的。故答案为The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students. The researchers found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
64．开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：除了同伴的压力，你认为帮助你提高成绩的最重要的因素是什么？可回答：在我看来，学习习惯是帮助提高成绩的最重要的因素。 因为一个好的学习习惯可以让你自律，成为一个更好的时间计划者，而这反过来可以在有限的学习时间下让你受益。故答案为In my opinion, study habits is the most important factor that helps improve grades. Because a better study habit can make you self-discipline and become a better time planner, which can in return benefit you under the limited time during school.
65．Stress.
66．It refers to the idea that if we work hard we will eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life.
67．·Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life's little pleasures.
According to the passage, working hard is as important as enjoying life's little pleasures to a happy life. They're equally important.
68．言之有理即可。Yes, I am. Because I think it can help me relax after working for a long time. But after reading this article, I must make a change, I will make treating myself a far more common practice in my life.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“善待自己文化”，呼吁人们在忙碌的生活中更常见地对待自己。
65．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Now, “treating yourself” has become more about stress-caused indulgence. It represents the more deep-seated issues with the stress we regularly put ourselves under.（现在，“善待自己”更多地是关于压力引起的放纵。它代表了我们经常让自己承受的压力的更深层次的问题）”可知，是压力导致了所谓的“善待自己文化”。故答案为Stress.
66．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“We all are trying to eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life. However, there are a lot of problems with this logic.（我们都试图最终到达一个我们可以放松的地方，过上更愉快的生活。然而，这种逻辑存在很多问题）”可知，这种逻辑指的是上文提到的我们都试图最终到达一个我们可以放松的地方，过上更愉快的生活。故答案为It refers to the idea that if we work hard we will eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life.
67．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“While having good self-control was positively associated with happiness, being able to enjoy life’s little pleasures without feeling ashamed of doing so is just as important.(虽然良好的自制力与幸福呈正相关，但能够享受生活中的小快乐而不为此感到羞愧也同样重要)”可知，在幸福生活中，努力工作和享受生活中的小快乐一样重要，而不是谁比谁更重要。因此Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life’s little pleasures.中比较级的说法是错误的。故答案为According to the passage, working hard is as important as enjoying life’s little pleasures to a happy life. They’re equally important.
68．本题考查你是否为“善待自己”文化的追随者以及原因。言之有理即可。参考答案为Yes, I am. Because I think it can help me relax after working for a long time. But after reading this article, I must make a change, I will make treating myself a far more common practice in my life.
69．It is Seasonal affective disorder/It is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months./It is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months, and may improve as spring comes on.
70．Women and people under age 40./SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that./People with lowered levels of serotonin.
71．Increasing exercise routine can fight against SAD, and people should do a large amount of exercise to get started. According to the passage, moderate exercise is a great way to get started. But people shouldn’t do too much exercise in the beginning.
72．Spring can cheer me up because it’s neither too cold nor too hot. First, spring can relieve the bleak feeling of winter. Besides, spring gives people a hopeful sense of recovery. Finally, There are many flowers that bloom in spring, which are very beautiful.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了季节性情绪紊乱症这种疾病，以及应对建议。
69．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months. Unlike other types of depression, it may improve as spring comes on.(季节性情绪紊乱症（SAD）是一种发生在或开始于冬季的抑郁症。与其他类型的抑郁症不同，它可能会随着春天的到来而改善)”可知，SAD是一种发生在或开始于冬季的抑郁症。/这是一种在冬季开始的抑郁症，并且可能会随着春天的到来而改善。故答案为It is Seasonal affective disorder/It is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months./It is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months, and may improve as spring comes on.
70．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that.(女性比男性更容易患SAD，40岁以下的人比40岁以上的人更容易患SAD)”可知，容易患SAD的人有：妇女和40岁以下的人。 SAD影响的女性比男性多，40岁以下的人比40岁以上的人更有可能发生。血清素水平较低的人。故答案为Women and people under age 40./SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that./People with lowered levels of serotonin.
71．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“Exercise raises levels of serotonin. Moderate exercise, which means neither too much nor too little exercise, such as walking, riding a stationary bike or swimming is a great way to get started.(运动可以提高血清素的水平。适度的运动，也就是既不要做太多也不要做太少的运动，比如走路、骑健身车或游泳都是很好的开始方式)”可知，错误的部分为“people should do a large amount of exercise to get started”，根据这篇文章，适度的锻炼是一个开始的好方法。但是人们不应该在开始的时候做太多的运动。故答案为Increasing exercise routine can fight against SAD, and people should do a large amount of exercise to get started. According to the passage, moderate exercise is a great way to get started. So people shouldn’t do too much exercise in the beginning.
72．本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：季节不仅带来抑郁，但也快乐。哪个季节能让你高兴起来？为什么？可回答：春天可以使我高兴起来，因为它既不太冷也不太热。首先，春天可以缓解冬天的凄凉感。此外，春天给人一种充满希望的恢复感。最后，有许多花在春天盛开，非常美丽的。故答案为Spring can cheer me up because it’s neither too cold nor too hot. First, spring can relieve the bleak feeling of winter. Besides, spring gives people a hopeful sense of recovery. Finally, There are many flowers that bloom in spring, which are very beautiful.
73．Refill shops are small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.
74．The most important value of refill shopping is that it encourages us to think about our consumer habits.
75．According to the passage, refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because walking to refill shops is environmentally-friendly.
76．言之有理即可。

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了零浪费商店为环保所做出的努力。
73．细节理解题。根据第二段“Refill shops tend to be small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.(零浪费商店往往规模较小，出售非包装商品的独立商店。)”可知，零浪费商店是出售非包装商品的小型独立商店。故答案为Refill shops are small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.
74．细节理解题。根据第四段“Perhaps the most significant aspect of shopping at local refill shops is that they encourage us to think about our consumer habits.(或许，在本地零浪费商店购物最重要的方面是，它们鼓励我们思考自己的消费习惯。)”可知，零浪费购物最重要的价值在于它鼓励我们去思考我们的消费习惯。故答案为The most important value of refill shopping is that it encourages us to think about our consumer habits.
75．细节理解题。根据第三段“Refill and zero-waste shops are usually located in communities. Buying from within walking distance, clearly, is more sustainable and kinder to the planet, and your community.(零浪费商店通常位于社区。很明显，在步行距离内购买更可持续，对地球和你的社区更友善。)”可知，零浪费商店建在社区内步行，因为步行去商店是环保的。故答案为According to the passage, refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because walking to refill shops is environmentally-friendly.
76．开放题。本题是分析零浪费商店还没有赢得多少人气的原因。言之有理即可。参考答案为Refill shops have not won much popularity yet, because the goods which refill shops sell are not rich enough and can't meet customer's demands. It may not be convenient for some elderly people to shop in such stores.
77．A rubbish collector.
78．To climb Mount Qomolangma.
79．Very sad.
80．Great/Brave/Kind/Hardworking.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了清洁工Brian Kane在他30岁生日那天，开始了攀登珠穆朗玛峰的漫长而艰难的旅程。他看到四号营地有很多垃圾非常悲伤，于是在登顶返回时把一打空氧气瓶放在背包里，朝山下走去。
77．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Brian Kane was a rubbish collector in Denver, Colorado.(Brian Kane是科罗拉多州丹佛市的一名清洁工)”可知，Brian Kane是一个清洁工。故答案为A rubbish collector.
78．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“His job was a training ground for his lifelong dream: to climb Mount Qomolangma.(他的工作是他毕生梦想：攀登珠穆朗玛峰的训练场地)”可知，Brian的毕生梦想是攀登珠穆拉玛峰。故答案为To climb Mount Qomolangma.
79．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Over the next two months, Brian climbed to 26, 000 feet, to Camp Four—the last place to rest below the top of the mountain. But when Brian saw this camp, he fell to his knees. “Rubbish!” he cried. Nearly a thousand empty oxygen containers littered the camp area. Humans had turned this beautiful, far-away place into a big rubbish pile. Brian was very sad.(在接下来的两个月里，Brian爬到了26000英尺的高度，到达了4号营地——山顶下最后一个休息的地方。但当布莱恩看到这个营地时，他跪倒在地。“垃圾! ”他喊道。将近一千个空氧气瓶散落在营地地区。人类把这个美丽而遥远的地方变成了一大堆垃圾。布莱恩很伤心)”可知，当Brian看到四号营地的垃圾堆时，他感到很悲伤。故答案为Very sad.
80．本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你觉得Brian Kane怎么样？可回答：很好/勇敢/友善/努力工作。故答案为Great/Brave/Kind/Hardworking.