高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点8--推理判断之写作手法（实战练）

这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点8--推理判断之写作手法（实战练），文件包含考点8--推理判断之写作手法教师版docx、考点8--推理判断之写作手法学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共18页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点8--推理判断之写作手法--练高考--心中有数
1.D【2021·北京卷】
Early fifth-century philspher St．Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him．Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it．Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的） clcks have prven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．
Frget abut time as an abslute．What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy,we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．What if ur definitin f time reflected that？
Recently，I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that's cnnected t circumstances n ur planet，cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming．We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes．We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time．If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect．
The clck registers bth shrt-term irregularities and lng-term trends in river dynamics．It's a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame（时间框架），and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes．Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet．Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies．
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars，early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena．In pre-Classical Greece，fr instance，peple“crrected”fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn．Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival．Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability t define time， he highlighted ne f time 's mst nticeable qualities：Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse．32．The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________．
A．present an assumptinB．evaluate an argument
C．highlight an experimentD．intrduce an apprach
【答案】32．D
【解析】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”进而提出问题“What if ur definitin f time reflected that？(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)”，结合前两个问题“What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy, we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选D项。
2.【2020·全国新课标III】
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes (基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin - nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they've als built huses n stilts (支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land," said Redney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. "We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders," Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea."
In201, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “it seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin," said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.299
32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers.B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin.D. Significance f fd selectin.
【答案】32.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes, they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knwledge f human evlutin.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。
3.D【2019·天津】
Wuld yu BET n the future f this man？He is 53 years ld. Mst f his adult life has been a lsing struggle against debt and misfrtune. A war injury has made his left hand stp functining，and he has ften been in prisn. Driven by heaven-knws-what mtives，he determines t write a bk.
The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. That frmer prisner was Cervantes，and the bk was Dn Quixte（《堂吉诃德》）. And the stry pses an interesting questin: why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days，while thers g t seed lng befre？
We've all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life's halfway mark. I'm nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can't all get there. I'm talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
Mst f us，in fact，prgressively narrw the variety f ur lives. We succeed in ur field f specializatin and then becme trapped in it. Nthing surprises us. We lse ur sense f wnder. But，if we are willing t lean，the pprtunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldm invlve infrmatin and skills We learn t bear with the things we can't change. We learn t avid self-pity. We learn that hwever much we try t please，sme peple are never ging t lve us-an idea that trubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high mtivatin and enthusiasm，we can keep n learning. Then we will knw hw imprtant it is t have meaning in ur life. Hwever，we can achieve meaning nly if we have made a cmmitment t smething larger than ur wn little egs（自我），whether t lved nes，t fellw humans，t wrk，r t sme mral cncept.
Many f us equate（视……等同于）“cmmitment” with such “caring” ccupatins as teaching and nursing. But ding any rdinary jb as well as ne can is in itself an admirable cmmitment. Peple wh wrk tward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，r running a stre-make the wrld better just by being the kind f peple they are. They've learned life's mst valuable lessn.
51. The passage starts with the stry f Cervantes t shw that_________.
A. lss f freedm stimulates ne's creativity
B. age is nt a barrier t achieving ne's gal
C. misery inspires a man t fight against his fate
D. disability cannt stp a man's pursuit f success
52. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？
A. End ne's struggle fr liberty.
B. Waste ne's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the pprtunity t succeed.
D. Lse the interest t cntinue learning.
53. What culd be inferred frm Paragraph 4？
A. Thse wh dare t try ften get themselves trapped.
B. Thse wh tend t think back can hardly g ahead.
C. Opprtunity favrs thse with a curius mind.
D. Opprtunity awaits thse with a cautius mind.
54. What des the authr intend t tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tugh man can tlerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live withut self-pity.
C. A man shuld try t satisfy peple arund him.D. A man shuld learn suitable ways t deal with life.
55. What is the authr's purpse in writing the passage？
A. T prvide guidance n leading a meaningful adult life.
B. T stress the need f shuldering respnsibilities at wrk.
C. T state the imprtance f generating mtivatin fr learning.
D. T suggest a way f pursuing excellence in ur lifelng career.
【答案】51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. A
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了如何过一种有意义的成人的生活。
51. B 推理判断题。根据第一段中此人53岁，有债务，生活不幸，身上还有伤，但他下决心写一本，而且此书还获得了成功，350年依旧受欢迎，可知作者通过Cervantes的故事来表明年龄不是一个人实现目标的障碍，故答案为B。
52. D 词义猜测题。根据划线单词下的作者说我要讨论的是那些停止学习的人的成长，他们在流逝的岁月里采用的是固定的态度和观点，不想通过学习进步，可知划线短语的意思是“无兴趣学习的人”，故答案为D。
53. C 推理判断题。根据第四段中我们在自己专业的领域里取得成功，然后深陷其中，没有什么使我们吃惊，我们也没有惊奇的意识，即指我们失去了好奇心。但后一句说，如果我们愿意学习的话，我们还有机会成功。暗含的意思就是如果我们有好奇心的话，我们就有机会获得成功，故答案为C。
54. D 推理判断题。作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要学会不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等等方法，可知第5段的主要意思是告诉我们要用合适的方法去对待生活。故答案为D。
55. A 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，作者通过一个例子引出他的主题：一个人如何过一个有意义的成年人生活。作者为我们提供了一些指导，要有动力，要有好奇心，要用适当的方式去生活等，故答案为A。
4.B【2018·天津卷】
When I was 17, I read a magazine article abut a museum called the McNay, nce the hme f a waterclrist named Marian McNay. She had requested the cmmunity t turn it int a museum upn her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drve ver t the museum. She asked, "D yu have the address? ""N, but I'll recgnize it, there was a picture in the magazine. "
"Oh, stp. There it is!”
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A grup f peple sitting in the hall stpped talking and stared at us."May I help yu?" a man asked. "N, "I said. "We're fine.” Tur guides gt n my nerves. What if they talked a lng time abut a painting yu weren't that interested in? Sally had gne upstairs. The peple in the hall seemed very nsy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes n me with curisity. What was their prblem? I saw sme nice sculptures in ne rm. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where d yu think yu are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Srry, the McNay is n New Braunfels Street." "What’s this place?” I asked, still cnfused. "Well, it's ur hme." My heart jlted(震颤). I raced t the staircase and called ut, "Sally! Cme dwn immediately! "
"There's sme really gd stuff(艺术作品) up there." She stepped dwn, lking cnfused. I pushed her tward the frnt dr, waving at the family, saying, "Srry, please frgive us, yu have a really nice place." Outside, when I tld Sally what happened, she cvered her muth, laughing. She culdn't believe hw lng they let us lk arund withut saying anything.
The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervus the whle time we were there. Van Ggh, Picass. This time, we stayed tgether, in case anything else unusual happened.
Thirty years later, a wman apprached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did yu ever enter a residence, lng ag, thinking it was the McNay Museum?"
"Yes. But hw d yu knw? We never tld anyne."
"That was my hme. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Befre yu came ver, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky befre. Yu thught it was a museum. My feelings abut my hme changed after that. I've always wanted t thank yu."
44. Why did the authr describe the real McNay museum in just a few wrds?
A. The real museum lacked enugh artwrk t interest her.
B. She was t upset t spend much time at the real museum.
C. The McNay was disappinting cmpared with the huse.
D. The event happening in the huse was mre significant.
【答案】44. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者和朋友原想参观NcNay博物馆，到了之后，参观的时候，发现很多人奇怪地看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成NcNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。
44.写作方法题。根据全文可知，作者着墨点主要在叙述参观误当成NcNay博物馆的私人住宅上，故这才是文章的重心，所以将真正的NcNay博物馆叙述一带而过。故选D。
5. [2012·全国卷Ⅰ，D]
Grwn-ups are ften surprised by hw well they remember smething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man wh has nt had a chance t g swimming fr years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get n a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his sn. A mther wh has nt thught abut the wrds fr years can teach her daughter the pem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" r remember the stry f Cinderella r Gldilcks and the Three Bears.
One explanatin is the law f verlearning, which can be stated as fllws: Once we have learned smething, additinal learning trials(尝试) increase the length f time we will remember it.
In childhd we usually cntinue t practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them. We cntinue t listen t and remind urselves f wrds such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhd tales such as Cinderella and Gldilcks. We nt nly learn but verlearn.
The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
The law f verlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)fr an examinatin, thugh it may result in a passing grade, is nt a satisfactry way t learn a cllege curse. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enugh t get by n the examinatin, but he is likely sn t frget almst everything he learned. A little verlearning, n the ther hand, is really necessary fr ne's future develpment.
68.The authr explains the law f ver learning by_________.
A. presenting research findings
B. setting dwn general rules
C. making a cmparisn
D. using examples
【答案】68. D
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记住儿时学过的东西。作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续学习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和突击学习的弊端。
【答案】D【解析】根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them和The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.