资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩19页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：2023年高考英语二轮复习 阅读精品套装（一讲双练）
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思（实战练）
展开
这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思（实战练），文件包含考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思教师版docx、考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。 2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思--练高考--心中有数
1.【2019·浙江卷】
Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need."
Peple quickly caught n. And while many tk dllars, many thers pinned their wn cash t the bard. “Peple f all ages, races, and sci-ecnmic(社会经济的)backgrunds gave and tk, ”said Tyler Bridges f The Tlbx, which created the prject. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress cme up t the bard and take a few dllars." Mst f the bills n the bard were singles, but a few peple left fives, tens and even twenties. The vide clip(片段)shws ne man wh had fund a $ 20 bill pinning it t the bard.
“What I can say fr the flks that gave the mst, is that they were full f smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can d fr yu and that was apparent in thse that gave the mst." Mst peple wh tk dllars tk nly a few, but Bridges said a very small number tk as much as they culd.
While the clip might lk like part f a new ad campaign, Bridges said the nly gal was t shw genersity and sympathy. He added that he hpes peple in ther cities might try similar prjects and pst their wn vides n the Internet.
“After all, everyne has bad days and gd days," he said. “Sme days yu need a helping hand and sme days yu can be the ne giving the helping hand.”
24. What des the expressin "mney with n strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Mney spent withut hesitatin.
B. Mney nt legally made.
C. Mney ffered withut cnditins.
D. Mney nt tied tgether.
【答案】24. C
【文章大意】文章介绍了Tyler Bridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。
24． C句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Give what yu can. Take what yu need”可知，这里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。
2.【2020·天津高考第一次】Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant "is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying histry can give us insight （洞察力）int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance （无知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
Histry can inspire us t learn mre. what's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy.
The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.
1．The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means __________.
A．the turning pint in ur histry
B．the present state f ur natin
C．the lcatin f ur hmeland
D．the ttal area f ur cuntry【答案】1．B
【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。
1．猜测词义题。根据上句learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )int ur ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are tday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。
3.【2019年3月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（天津卷）】
Essentially, everyne has tw ages: a chrnlgical（按时间计算的）age, hw ld the calendar says yu are, and a bilgical age, basically the age at which yur bdy functins as it cmpares t average fitness r health levels.
“Chrnlgical age isn’t hw ld we really are. It’s merely a number,” said Prfessr David Sinclair at Harvard University. “It is bilgical age that determines ur health and ultimately ur lifespan. We all age bilgically at different rates accrding t ur genes, what we eat, hw much we exercise, and what envirnment we live in. Bilgical age is the number f candles we really shuld be blwing ut. In the future, with advances in ur ability t cntrl bilgical age, we may have even fewer candles n ur birthday cake than the previus ne.”
T calculate bilgical age, Prfessr Levine at Yale University identified nine bimarker（生物标志）that seemed t be the mst influential n lifespan by a simple bld test. The numbers f thse markers, such as bld sugar and immune（免疫的）measures, can be put int the cmputer, and the algrithm（算式，算法）des the rest.
Perhaps what’s mst imprtant here is that these measures can be changed. Dctrs can take this infrmatin and help patients make changes t lifestyle, and hpefully take steps t imprve their bilgical cnditins. “I think the mst exciting thing abut this research is that these things aren’t set in stne,” Levine said. “Peple can be given the infrmatin earlier and take steps t imprve their health befre it’s t late.”
Levine even entered her wn numbers int the algrithm. She was surprised by the results. “I always cnsidered myself a very healthy persn. I’m physically active; I eat what I cnsider a fairly healthy diet. But I did nt find my results t be as gd as I had hped they wuld be. It was a wake-up call,” she said.
Levine is wrking with a grup t prvide access t the algrithm nline s that anyne can calculate their bilgical age, identify ptential risks and take steps t imprve their wn health in the lng run. “N ne wants t live an extremely lng life with a lt f chrnic（慢性的）diseases,” Levine said. “By delaying the develpment f mental and physical functining prblems, peple can still be engaged in sciety in their senir years. That is the ideal we shuld be pursuing.”
14．By saying “we may have even fewer candles n ur birthday cake than the previus ne” in Para. 2, the authr means _______.
A．we dn’t have t celebrate ur birthday every year
B．we are chrnlgically lder than last year
C．we might be less happy than the previus year
D．we may be bilgically yunger than the year befre
【答案】14．D
【解析】本文为说明文。基本上，每个人都有两个年龄：一个是年表上的年龄，年历上说的你的年龄；一个是生理年龄，基本上是指你的身体机能与平均健康水平或健康水平相比较的年龄。生理年龄决定了我们的健康，最终决定了我们的寿命。为了计算生物年龄，耶鲁大学的莱文教授通过简单的血液测试确定了9种似乎对寿命影响最大的生物标志物。莱文正在与一个小组合作，提供在线访问该算法的机会，这样任何人都可以计算自己的生物年龄，识别潜在风险，并采取措施改善自己的长期健康状况。
14．句意理解题。根据第二段中的In the future, with advances in ur ability t cntrl bilgical age, we may have even fewer candles n ur birthday cake than the previus ne.（在未来，随着我们控制生物年龄的能力的提高，我们的生日蛋糕上的蜡烛可能比前还要少）可知，人类将会有能力缩短或者延长生物年龄，作者说“我们的生日蛋糕上的蜡烛可能比前还要少”意思是“我们在生理上可能比前一年更年轻”。故D选项正确。
4.2018年全国III卷之D篇
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre is mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
I fund the pre-hlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate less-used things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund(基金）(ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr).
Fr weeks, I've been thinking f bigger, deeper questins: Hw d we make it a habit fr them? And hw d we train urselves t help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my sn, Shepherd, determined t test my wn thery n this. I decided t play with him with nly ne ty fr as lng as it wuld keep his interest. I expected that ne ty wuld keep his attentin fr abut five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chse a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried t put it in his muth, he tried buncing it, rlling it, sitting n it, thrwing it. It was ttally, cmpletely enugh fr him. Befre I knew it an hur had passed and it was time t mve n t lunch.
We bth became absrbed in the simplicity f playing tgether. He had my full attentin and I had his. My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.
32. What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. The mre, the better. B. Enugh is enugh.
C. Mre mney, mre wrries. D. Earn mre and spend mre.
33. What made Gergia agree t sell sme f her bjects?
A. Saving up fr her hliday B. Raising mney fr a pr girl
C. Adding the mney t her fund D. Giving the mney t a sick mther
34. Why did the authr play the ball with Shepherd?
A. T try ut an idea
B. T shw a parent's lve
C. T train his attentin
D. T help him start a hbby
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Take It r Leave It B. A Lessn frm Kids
C. Live Mre with Less D. The Pleasure f Giving
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。
32.A 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句…I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。
33.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意卖玩具。故选C。34.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.表明，跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。
35.C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子hw t live mre with less，而二三段是作者的尝试，故C作标题适合。
5.【2022届山西省高考适应性联系（一模）】
He came t Britain,16, with a handful f qualificatins. ￡5 in pcket and a burning ambitin. Thirty-five years later, Vijay, 51, and his brther. Bhikhu. wn a drug cmpany which des $234 millin wrth f business each year. Tgether they are wrth ￡280 millin and nw they have been jintly named “Entrepreneur f the Year”.
It is an inspiratinal tale. Yet despite their wealth and this award, Vijay remains mdest abut their success. He praises his mther: “She is an incredible lady. She taught us hard wrk, hnesty and we have based ur lives n thse qualities.”
In 1967,Vijay kissed his mther gdbye t Lndn t make his frtune. “I had little mre than my qualificatins and $5,” says Vijay. “But t g with thse, I had a huge ambitin t make smething f myself,” he recalls. Typically, Vijay lks n the bright side. “When yu start frm zer, things can’t get any wrse. Yu have nly ne way t g. and that’s up - if there is a hunger in yur stmach fr success.” Vijny says. “My brther and I were determined t better urselves and Britain was the land f pprtunity.”
By 1982, he had wned six chemist’s shps, when Bhikhu, a then financial analyst, jined him, adding sme “financial discipline” t his cmpany. Vijay says: “I simply culdn’t have dne it withut him.” As he puts it, “Brught up under ne rf, we understand ne anther frm A t Z.”
Vijay is keen t cntinue repaying the cuntry he has made his wn. “We hpe we are mde citizens and wuld like t remain s,” he says. “We are lucky enugh t live in a cuntry that never stands in ur way.” His message fr yung peple is t d the same: “Identify yur aim, and d nt let anything discurage yu frm achieving that gal.”
1．What did Vijay pssess when starting his business?
A．£280 millin in cash.B．A small drug cmpany.
C．The title “Entrepreneur f the Year”.D．Nthing but qualificatins and ambitin.
2．What is the recipe fr Vijay’s success?
A．His brther’s financial aid.B．His identity f mdel citizen.
C．The perseverance in his gal.D．Encuraging qutes frm mm.3．Which can prbably replace the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A．We share smething in cmmn.B．We knw each ther inside ut.
C．We cunt n each ther in career.D．We tw tgether create fire and water.
4．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Frm Penniless t MillinaireB．The Significance f Educatin
C．The Pwer f Deep BrtherhdD．A Mdest Successful Businessman
【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．A
【解析】本文为一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了被评为“年度企业家”的Vijay和Bhikhu的成功史，以及成功的秘诀。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“He came t Britain,16, with a handful f qualificatins. ￡5 in pcket and a burning ambitin. Thirty-five years later, Vijay, 51, and his brther, Bhikhu, wn a drug cmpany which des $234 millin wrth f business each year.(16岁时，他来到英国，带着一些资历，口袋里的￡5，还有一个燃烧的雄心。35年后，51岁的维贾伊和他的兄弟，Bhikhu。拥有一家每年价值2.34亿美元的制药公司)”,以及第三段第二句“‘I had little mre than my qualificatins and $5,’ says Vijay.‘But t g with thse, I had a huge ambitin t make smething f myself’(维贾伊说:‘除了我的资历和5美元之外，我一无所有。但与此同时，我有一个巨大的抱负，那就是要成就一番事业。')”可知，创业阶段，他除了资格证书和雄心，什么都没有。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段的第三句开始“When yu start frm zer, things can’t get any wrse. Yu have nly ne way t g. and that’s up—if there is a hunger in yur stmach fr success.” Vijny says. ‘My brther and I were determined t better urselves and Britain was the land f pprtunity.’（‘当你从零开始，事情不会变得更糟。你只有一条路可走。如果你的胃里有一股渴望成功的欲望，那就是成功。’Vijny说，‘我弟弟和我决心让自己变得更好，而英国是一片充满机遇的土地。’)”可知，Vijny对目标的执着是他的成功的秘诀。故选C项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“Brught up under ne rf, we understand ne anther frm A t Z.(我们在同一个屋檐下长大，彼此了解)”，frm A t Z意为“彻底地；从头至尾”。A项“We share smething in cmmn.(我们有共同之处)”；B项“We knw each ther inside ut.(我们互相了解得很透彻)”；C项“We cunt n each ther in career.(我们在事业上互相依靠)”；D项“We tw tgether create fire and water.(我们简直是水火不容)”。B项与该句语意相近，故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章介绍了把手起家的Vijay凭借雄心壮志，打拼到拥有一家每年营业额过亿美元的制药公司的经历。故Frm Penniless t Millinaire(从一文不名到百万富翁)，符合题意。故选A项。6.【2022届内蒙古包钢第一中学高三一模检测（A）】
The Jewish(犹太人）family-had-just finished supper and the wman had placed the dishes in the sink.The kitchen was quite damp and even glmier than in the main rm.It was their third apartment since the start f the war,they had abandned the ther tw in a hurry.The wman came back int the rm and sat dwn again at the table.The 3-year-ld by sat with his back straight,his eyes fixed n his father,but it was bvius that he was s sleepy that he culd barely sit up.
The man was smking a cigarette.His eyes were bld-sht and he kept blinking in a funny way.This blinking had begun sn after they fled the secnd apartment.
It was late,past ten 'clck and they culd have gne t sleep,but first they had t play the game that they had been playing every day fr tw weeks.Even thugh the man tried his best and he mved very quickly,the fault was his and nt the child's.The by his father put ut his cigarette,he pened his blue eyes even wider.The wman,wh didn't actually take part in the game, strked the by's hair.
“We'll play the key game just ne mre time nly tday.Isn't that right?"she asked her husband.
He didn't answer because he was nt sure.They were still tw r three minutes ff. He arse and walked twards the bathrm dr.Then the wman called ut sftly,“Ding-dng."At the sund f the bell ringing s musically frm his mther's lips,the by jumped up frm his chair and ran t the frnt dr,which was separated frm the main rm by a narrw crridr.
“Wh's there?"he asked.
The wman,remaining in her chair,shut her eyes tight as if feeling a sudden, sharp pain.
“I'll pen up in a minute,I'm just lking fr the keys,"the child called ut. Then he ran back t the main rm,making a lt f nise with his feet.He ran in circles arund the table,pulled ut ne f the sidebard drawers,and slammed it shut.
“Just a minute,I can't find them,I dn't knw where Mama put them,"he yelled,then dragged the chair acrss the rm,climbed nt it,and reached up t the tp f the shelf.
“I fund them!”he shuted triumphantly.Then he gt dwn frm the chair, pushed it back t the table,and calmly walked t the dr and pened it.
“Shut the dr,darling,"the wman said sftly."Yu were perfect.”
The child didn't hear what she said.He std in the middle f the rm,staring at the clsed bathrm dr.
“Shut the dr, the wman repeated in a tired flat vice.Every evening she repeated the same wrds,and every evening he stared at the clsed bathrm dr.
At last it pened.The man was pale and his clthes were streaked with lime and dust.He std there,eyes blinking in that funny way.
“Well?Hw did it g?"asked the wman.
“I still need mre time.He has t lk fr them lnger.I slip in sideways all right,but 's s tight in there that when I he's gt t make mre nise-he shuld stamp his feet luder."
The child didn't take his eyes ff him.
“Say smething t him,"the wman whispered.
＂Yu did a gd jb,little ne,"he said mechanically.
“That's right,”the wman said,“yu're really ding a wnderful jb,darling. Yu act just like a grwn-up.And yu d knw that if smene shuld really ring the drbell when Mama is at wrk,everything will depend n yu?And what will yu say when they ask yu abut yur parents?”
“Mama's at wrk.”
“And Papa?"He was silent.
“And Papa?"the man screamed in terrr.The child turned pale.
“And Papa?”the man repeated mre calmly.
“He's dead,”＂the child answered and threw himself at his father,wh was standing right beside him,but already lng dead t the peple wh wuld really ring the bell.
5．What des the underlined sentence in Para.5 mean?
A．The family needed t practise the game fr anther 2 r 3 minutes.
B．There was still 2 r 3 minutes left befre smene kncked at the dr.
C．They wuld becme t sleepy t play the game 2 r 3 minutes later.
D．The father needed 2 r 3 mre minutes befre the kid pened the dr.
6．Why did the by make a lt f nise when he was lking fr the key?
A．Because he needed t drwn ut the nise caused by his father.
B．Because he was t little and just culdn't cntrl his ftsteps.
C．Because he was t anxius t find the key t pen the dr with.
D．Because he met many barriers n his way t where the key was.
7．In Para.12,why did the mther repeat“shut the dr”in a tired,flat vice, instead f the previus sft ne?A．She was angry because her sn didn't clse the dr as he had been tld t.
B．She felt anxius because she knew her husband wuld be annyed at the by again.
C．She was disappinted because the by's mvement betrayed again where her husband was.
D．She was impatient because she was asked t repeat these wrds again and again every evening.
8．What is the best title f the passage?
A．A Scary NightB．The Key Game
C．My Father Is DeadD．An Inncent By
【答案】5．D6．A7．C8．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是三岁的男孩和父母晚上玩的找钥匙游戏。
5．句意猜测题。根据第五段中They were still tw r three minutes ff.“他们还有两三分钟的时间。”和下文的“I'l1 pen up in a minute,I'm just lking fr the keys,"the child called ut. “我马上就开门，我只是在找钥匙。”孩子叫道。由此推知划线句意的意思是“父亲又过了两三分钟，孩子才打开门。”故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第8段“I'l1 pen up in a minute,I'm just lking fr the keys,"the child called ut. Then he ran back t the main rm,making a lt f nise with his feet.He ran in circles arund the table,pulled ut ne f the sidebard drawers,and slammed it shut. “我马上就开门，我只是在找钥匙。”孩子叫道。然后他跑回主屋，用脚弄出很大的声响。他绕着桌子跑了一圈，拉出一个餐具柜抽屉，砰地关上。和下文中的he's gt t make mre nise-he shuld stamp his feet luder.“他得弄出更多的声音——他跺脚的声音应该更大一些。”由此推知，这个男孩在找钥匙的时候之所以发出这么大的声音，是因为他需要淹没他父亲发出的噪音。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第13—15段中At last it pened.The man was pale and his clthes were streaked with lime and dust.He std there,eyes blinking in that funny way. 最后它打开了。那人脸色苍白，衣服上布满了石灰和灰尘。他站在那里，眼睛眨得很滑稽。“Well?Hw did it g?"asked the wman. “嗯?进展如何?”女人问。“I still need mre time.He has t lk fr them lnger.I slip in sideways all right,but 's s tight in there that when I he's gt t make mre nise-he shuld stamp his feet luder." “我还需要更多的时间。他不得不花更长的时间去寻找它们。我侧身滑了进去，但后来…里面太紧了，我一转身……他必须制造更多的噪音——他应该跺脚更大声。”由此可知，母亲用疲惫、平淡的声音重复着“关上门”，而不是先前那句温柔的话是因为她很失望，因为男孩的举动再次泄露了她丈夫的行踪。故选C。
8．标题判断题。根据第三段It was late,past ten 'clck and they culd have gne t sleep,but first they had t play the game that they had been playing every day fr tw weeks.“时间已经很晚了，10点多了，他们本来可以去睡觉的，但是他们必须先玩他们已经玩了两个星期的游戏。”和第四段“We'll play the key game just ne mre time nly tday.Isn't that right?"she asked her husband. “我们只会在今天再玩一次找钥匙的比赛。好吗?”她问丈夫。这篇文章讲述了一个找钥匙比赛。所以B项为最佳标题。故选B。
7.【广东省珠海市2021-2022学年高三统考】
Mst teenagers are still trying t find their passin and purpse in life. Hwever, nt Gitanjali Ra. The 15-year-ld sphmre at STEM Schl Highlands Ranch has been cming up with innvative slutins l wrldwide prblems since she was ten. It is, therefre, nt surprising that the yungster was selected frm 5,000 equally impressive nminees—aged 8 t 16—fr TIME Magazine’s first-ever “Kid f the Year.”
The yung girl, wh knew she wanted t bring change and psitivity t her cmmunity since 3rd grade, was just ten years ld when she heard abut the lead-tainted (含铅的) water in Flint, Michigan, in 2015. After spending tw mnths researching hw the area’s drinking water became plluted, Ra began designing a device called Tethys, which attaches t a cellphne and infrms the resident via an APP if their drinking water cntains traces f the harmful metal. The prttype (模型) earned her the Yung Scientist Challenge Award in 2017. A start-up entrepreneur is wrking with scientists and medical prfessinals t test Tethys’ ptential and hpes the device will be ready fr cmmercial use by 2022.
In 2019, Ra tk n anther scial issue—piid addictin. The app she designed wn the Pillar Prize at the Innvatin Student Challenge, which helps t catch drug addictin in yung adults befre it’s t late. Ra said. “I wanted t cme up with a way t diagnse such addictin at an early stage s yu can take actin earlier.”
Mre recently, the teenager has created anther inspiring app. “I stared t hard-cde (编写硬编码) in sme wrds that culd be cnsidered bullying, and then the cmputer search engine tk thse wrds and identified wrds that are similar. Yu type in a wrd r phrase, and it’s able t pick it up if it’s bullying, and it gives yu the ptin t edit it r send it the way it is.” Ra tld editr Angelina in an interview. “The gal is nt t punish. Instead, it gives yu the chance t rethink what yu’re saying s that yu knw what t d next time arund.”
9．Hw is Gitanjali Ra different frm mst teenagers?
A．She is trying t find her passin and purpse in life.
B．She is a sphmre at STEM Schl Highlands Ranch.
C．She has put frward creative answers t wrldwide prblems.
D．She applied t be “Kid f the Year” f TIME Magazine.
10．What can we learn abut Tethys frm Paragraph 2?
A．It is a device fr residents t research the drinking water.B．The traces f the harmful metal will be presented n it.
C．Its phne APP tells users whether the water is plluted.
D．A start-up entrepreneur has put Tethys n the market.
11．What des the underlined expressin “piid addictin” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Internet addictin.B．Drug abuse.
C．App innvatin.D．Health diagnsis.
12．What is the gal f the app against cyberbullying?
A．T give a punishment fr bullying.B．T guide users t send prper wrds.
C．T withdraw bullying messages.D．T help find mre accurate expressins.
【答案】9．C10．C11．B12．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文文。主要介绍了美国女孩Gitanjali Ra发明的新科技涵盖各个领域，帮助解决社会问题，因此，她被《时代》杂志评选为第一位“年度少年”。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mst teenagers are still trying t find their passin and purpse in life. Hwever, nt Gitanjali Ra. The 15-year-ld sphmre at STEM Schl Highlands Ranch has been cming up with innvative slutins l wrldwide prblems since she was ten.（大多数青少年仍在努力寻找生活中的激情和目标。然而，不是吉坦贾利·拉奥。这位15岁的STEM Schl Highlands Ranch的大二学生从10岁起就一直在为世界范围内的问题提出创新的解决方案。）”可知，Gitanjali Ra与大多数青少年不同，她对世界性的问题提出了创造性的答案。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“After spending tw mnths researching hw the area’s drinking water became plluted, Ra began designing a device called Tethys, which attaches t a cellphne and infrms the resident via an APP if their drinking water cntains traces f the harmful metal.（在花了两个月的时间研究该地区的饮用水如何受到污染后，Ra开始设计一款名为Tethys的设备，该设备连接到手机上，通过应用程序通知居民饮用水是否含有有害金属的痕迹。）”可知，Gitanjali Ra设计的手机应用程序可以告诉用户水是否被污染了。故选C项。
11．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The app she designed wn the Pillar Prize at the Innvatin Student Challenge, which helps t catch drug addictin in yung adults befre it’s t late.（她设计的应用程序在创新学生挑战赛中获得了支柱奖，帮助年轻人在为时已晚之前戒掉药物上瘾。）”可知，Gitanjali Ra设计的应用程序是为了帮助年轻人戒掉药物上瘾，推测划线短语表示“药物上瘾”，与drug abuse同义。故选B项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The gal is nt t punish. Instead, it gives yu the chance t rethink what yu’re saying s that yu knw what t d next time arund.（我们的目标不是惩罚。相反，它让你有机会重新思考自己在说什么，这样你就知道下次该做什么。）”可知，应用程序对抗网络霸凌的目标是引导用户重新思考，发送合适的文字。故选B项。
8.【江西省七校2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考】
We’ve been hearing fr decades abut the cmplex intelligence f plants; but a new study, cnducted by researchers at the University f Missuri, managed t figure ut ne new imprtant element: plants can tell when they’re being eaten, and they dn’t like it.
The wrd “intelligence”, when applied t any nn-human animal r plant, is imprecise and srt f meaningless: research dne t determine “intelligence” mstly just aims t learn hw similar the inner wrkings f anther rganism is t a human thught prcess. But these studies d give us insight int hw ther rganisms think and behave, whatever “think” might mean.
The researchers were seeking t answer an unusual questin: des a plant knw when it’s being eaten? T d that, the researchers had t first make a precise versin f the vibratins (振动) that a caterpillar (毛虫) makes as it cats leaves. The thery is that it’s these vibratins that the plant can smehw feel r hear. In additin, the researchers als came up with ther vibratins the plant might experience, like wind nise.
This particular study was n the thale cress. It actually prduces sme mustard ils (芥子油), which are mildly pisnus when eaten, and sends them thrugh the leaves t stp caterpillars. And the study shwed that when the plants felt r heard the vibratins made by caterpillars, they sent ut extra mustard ils int the leaves. When they felt r heard ther vibratins? Nthing. It’s a far mre dynamic defense than scientists had realized: the plant is mre aware f its surrundings and able t respnd than expected.
There’s mre research t be dne; nbdy’s quite sure by what mechanism the plant can actually feel r hear these vibratins. But it’s really prmising research; there’s even talk f using sund waves t encurage crps t, say, grw faster, r send ut specific defenses against attacks. Imagine knwing that a frst is cming, and being able t encurage plants t fruit faster by simply blasting them with music. That’s the kind f crazy sci-fi future this indicates.
1．What des the underlined part “ther rganisms” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Intelligence f plants.B．Nn-human living things.
C．Human thught prcesses.D．The inner wrkings f plants.
2．What is the rle f mustard ils prduced by the thale cress?A．Keeping the plant’s surrundings safe.B．Acting as defenses t stp caterpillars.
C．Making the plant aware f the vibratins.D．Sending warnings against caterpillars’ cming.
3．What des the underlined wrd “Nthing” in Paragraph 4 indicate?
A．The plants failed t identify ther vibratins.
B．The plants sent ut mre mustard ils int the leaves.
C．The plants culd identify vibratins frm caterpillars.
D．The plants prevented caterpillars frm eating the leaves.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The plans fr the study.B．The prblems with the study.
C．The significance f the study.D．The achievements f the study.
【答案】1．B2．B3．C4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于植物的复杂智能，但密苏里大学的研究人员进行的一项新研究设法发现了一个新的重要因素：植物可以分辨出它们什么时候被吃，以及会有一定的防御机制。
1．词句猜测题。根据上文“research dne t determine “intelligence” mstly just aims t learn hw similar the inner wrkings f anther rganism is t a human thught prcess.”（确定“智能”的研究大多只是为了了解另一个有机体的内部工作与人类思维过程有多相似。） 可以看出，研究事项对比其他有机体和人类的区别，所以ther rganisms的意思与B选项“Nn-human living things”（非人类的生物）意思接近。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“It actually prduces sme mustard ils (芥子油), which are mildly pisnus when eaten, and sends them thrugh the leaves t stp caterpillars.”（它实际上会产生一些芥子油，这种油在食用时是轻微毒性，并将它们通过叶子阻止毛毛虫。）可知，B选项“Acting as defenses t stp caterpillars”（作为防御来阻止毛虫）是芥子油的功能。故选B项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线部分上句“And the study shwed that when the plants felt r heard the vibratins made by caterpillars, they sent ut extra mustard ils int the leaves. When they felt r heard ther vibratins? Nthing.”（研究表明，当植物感觉到或听到毛虫发出的振动时，它们会向叶子中释放出额外的芥子油。当它们感觉到或听到其它振动时？什么都没有。）可知，thale cress可以辨别毛虫的震动，对其他的震动不作出反应，所以C项“The plants culd identify vibratins frm caterpillars.”（这些植物能够识别毛毛虫发出的振动。）为Nthing暗含的意思。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But it’s really prmising research”（但这是一项很有前途的研究）及上下文可知，最后一段是关于此类研究的重要意义，所以C选项“The significance f the study.”（研究的重要性）为正确选项。故选C项。
9.【宁夏银川一中2021-2022学年高三上学期第五次月考】
I went with my husband t Ratan fr ur vacatin, a trpical island ff the nrth cast f Hnduras, where turists can swim with dlphins at Anthny’s Key Resrt.
The Ratan dlphins are kept in a rped-ff pen(围栏). The cheapest “swim” with the dlphins csts $ 89. Kissing csts extra. The turists line up and, ne after anther, get phtgraphed while being “kissed” by a dlphin. The turist bends dwn a bit, the trainer lifts an arm, the dlphin cmes up and fr a few secnds hlds its bttlense t the turist’s face. The picture is ready fr purchase when the turists exit thrugh the gift shp.
These turists must lve dlphins, but what kind f lve is that? At sea these highly intelligent creatures are always n the mve, traveling thusands f miles. They are cmplex scial creatures that need a lt f space t live in.
Yet Teri Bltn, the head trainer at Anthny’s Key Resrt, defends the pen as a suitable habitat. “We feel this is the clsest t keeping things as natural as pssible”, she said. “Yu’re getting a windw int hw these animals really are.”
The discussin abut this turist behavir can be fund n the Internet. Sme peple try t justify their desire, saying the fence f the pen is lw; the dlphins culd jump ver it if they wanted t, and therefre they’re staying in captivity(圈养)by free will. One cntributr t the discussin said, “Dlphins are scial creatures. Jumping ver the fence wuld mean leaving the females and their babies. Besides, by nw they are used t captivity with three meals a day. Jumping ver the fence wuld be like asking yu t jump ut f a spaceship alne nt Mars.”
But visiting any institutin that keeps dlphins in captivity means supprting the cncept f captivity. It’s like wearing a fur cat and then justifying it by saying it’s OK because the animals are already dead.
Remember that yu cannt buy lve, and if yu try t buy dlphin lve, yu hurt the nes yu lve. In fact, a dlphin’s kiss has nthing t d with lve, just as a dlphin’s smile has nthing t d with happiness. While many claim that dlphin encunters prvide healing(治疗）)qualities and help yu t feel better, the ppsite is true fr the suppsed healers.
1．Hw much des a turist pay fr a dlphin’s kiss?
A．Mre than $ 89.B．Less than $ 89.
C．As much as $ 89.D．It’s free f charge.
2．What d sme peple n the Internet think f the pen fr dlphins?A．It’s like a prisn.B．It’s like a spaceship.
C．It’s n fun fr the dlphins.D．It’s suitable fr the dlphins.
3．What d the underlined “the suppsed healers” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Dlphin lvers.B．Unhealthy peple.
C．Dlphins in the wild.D．Dlphins in captivity.
4．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Are Dlphins As Smart As Humans?
B．Swimming with Dlphins: Is It Lve r Nt?
C．Dlphins—Creatures with Feelings
D．Kissing—A New Way t Cmmunicate with Dlphins
【答案】1．A2．D3．D4．B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要作者通过观看被圈养的海豚后有感，就圈养海豚现象提出质疑，驳斥一些人士提出的圈养论，提出海豚和人们表现出亲密的互动并不代表海豚自己快乐以及对人们有爱。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The cheapest “swim” with the dlphins csts $ 89. Kissing csts extra. ”(和海豚游泳最便宜要花费89美元，亲吻海豚要花费更多)可以推断，亲吻海豚花费超过89美元。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第五段“the dlphins culd jump ver it if they wanted t, and therefre they’re staying in captivity（圈养）by free will. ”（海豚们如不想被圈养可以跳过围栏出去，所以他们保持圈养是他们自由的意愿）和“Besides, by nw they are used t captivity with three meals a day. Jumping ver the fence wuld be like asking yu t jump ut f a spaceship alne nt Mars.”（而且，到现在他们已经适应于一日三餐的圈养，跳出围栏就像叫你独自跳出太空飞船去火星一样）可以推断，一些人已经认为这些海豚已经适应圈养而不愿意再回归大自然了。故选D项。
3．词义猜测题。由文章最后一段“While many claim that dlphin encunters prvide healing qualities and help yu t feel better, the ppsite is true fr the suppsed healers.”（尽管很多人声称人类和海豚的邂逅能为人类提供疗养功效并帮助你感觉更好，对于这些所谓的治疗者来说，情况恰恰相反）可知，当人类寻求海豚治疗时，其实海豚才是受害者，它们更需治疗。所以the suppsed healers暗指被圈养的海豚。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“These turists must lve dlphins, but what kind f lve is that? ”（这些游客肯定爱海豚，但这是那种爱？）可知，作者从第二段开始就人们和海豚轻吻游泳以及圈养海豚方面提出质疑，就这到底是对海豚的爱还是残害提出了讨论。B项“和海豚游泳：是不是爱？”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B项。10. 【重庆市育才中学2021-2022学年高三下学期三月月考】
If yu culd travel in time, where wuld yu g? Perhaps yu wuld watch a perfrmance f a Shakespeare’s play in Elizabethan England? What abut hanging ut with Lazi in the Spring and Autumn Perid? Or maybe yu’d vyage far ahead f the present day t see what the future hlds.
The pssibility f time travel is indeed appealing. Stries explring the subject have been arund fr hundreds f years. Perhaps the best-knwn example is science fictin nvel The Time Machine, written by H. G. Wells and published in 1895. It was adapted int at least tw feature films f the same name, as well as tw televisin versins, and a large number f cmic bk adaptatins. It is generally credited with the ppularizatin f the cncept f time travel using a vehicle that allws an peratr t travel purpsefully and selectively. The term “time machine”, cined by Wells, is nw universally referred t a vehicle transprting peple int the far future.
But culd time travel actually be pssible? Sme scientists say yes, in thery. They prpse using cracks in time and space called “wrmhles”, which culd be used as shrtcuts t ther perids. Einstein’s thery f relativity allws time travel in extreme circumstances. And Stephen Hawking says yu culd travel int the future with a really fast spaceship-ging at nearly the speed f light. Thugh building such a spaceship wuldn’t f curse be simple.
Even if yu culd travel int the past, there is smething called the “grandfather paradx”. It asks what wuld happen if a time traveler were t g back in time and have his wn grandfather killed fr sme reasn, and therefre prevent himself frm being brn. If the time traveler wasn’t brn, hw wuld he travel back in time?
And wuld yu really like t visit the future? In H. G. Wells’ bk, the main character travels int distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs. He then vyages 30 millin years int the future where the nly living thing is a black bject with tentacles.
If that’s what’s in stre, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.
1．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A．The Time Machine is ne f the bestselling science fictin nvels.
B．There are films, cmic bks and dramas adapted frm the nvel The Time Machine.
C．Wrks f Literature abut time travel first appeared ne hundred years ag.
D．It was H.G. Wells wh invented the term “time machine”.
2．Einstein’s and Hawking’s theries________.
A．suggest the pssibility f time travelB．have been prved wrng by sme time travelers
C．have similarities because bth are based n experiments
D．have pushed the inventin f the first spaceship
3．In Paragraph 4, “grandfather paradx” prbably refers t the idea that________.
A．the reunin f the traveler and his grandfather brings happiness
B．the grandfather’s death makes the traveler’s birth impssible
C．the traveler ges back in time t seek fr his grandfather
D．the traveler is prevented frm meeting his grandfather
4．Accrding t the passage what is prbably the authr’s attitude twards time travel？
A．Unclear.B．Supprtive.C．Dubtful.D．Uncncerned.
【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。人类一直对时间旅行很感兴趣。从理论上来说，且根据一些科幻书籍以及科学家所说，时间旅行是可以的。但是，从另一个角度而言，时间旅行未必是好事。因此作者认为我们还是生活在现在的好。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The term “time machine”, cined by Wells, is nw universally used t refer t a vehicle transprting peple int the far future.(“时间机器”这个术语，由Wells创造，现在被普遍用于指把人们运送到遥远的未来)”可知，是H. G. Wells发明了“时间机器”这个术语。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句提出问题“But culd time travel actually be pssible?(但是时间旅行实际上是可能的吗？)”，接下来举了爱因斯坦和霍金的例子“Einstein’s thery f relativity allws time travel in extreme circumstances. And British physicist Stephen Hawking says yu culd travel int the future with a really fast spaceship ging at nearly the speed f light(爱因斯坦的相对论使得在极端情况下可以进行时间旅行。英国物理学家斯蒂芬霍金说，你可以用一艘非常快的宇宙飞船以接近光速的速度旅行到未来)”可知，霍金和爱因斯坦的理论表明了时间旅行的可能性。故选A。
3．词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“there is smething called the “grandfather paradx”. It asks what wuld happen if a time traveler were t g back in time and have his wn grandfather killed fr sme reasn, and therefre prevent himself frm being brn. If the time traveler wasn’t brn, hw wuld he travel back in time? (有一种现象叫做“祖父悖论”。它问的是，如果一个时间旅行者回到过去，由于某种原因杀死了自己的祖父，从而阻止了自己的出生，会发生什么事情。如果时间旅行者没有出生，他要怎么回到过去？）”可知，“grandfather paradx”提出的观点就是：祖父死亡导致时间旅行者无法出生。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If that’s what’s in stre, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.(如果这是未来可能发生的事，也许我们最好还是活在当下)”结合第四段提到“祖父悖论”使得时间旅行有可能不能实现；第五段以H.G.威尔斯的书为例，表明即使回到过去也有可能遭遇险境，可推知，作者对时间旅行持怀疑态度，故选C。
阅读理解（句意猜测题）
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。 2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思--练高考--心中有数
1.【2019·浙江卷】
Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need."
Peple quickly caught n. And while many tk dllars, many thers pinned their wn cash t the bard. “Peple f all ages, races, and sci-ecnmic(社会经济的)backgrunds gave and tk, ”said Tyler Bridges f The Tlbx, which created the prject. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress cme up t the bard and take a few dllars." Mst f the bills n the bard were singles, but a few peple left fives, tens and even twenties. The vide clip(片段)shws ne man wh had fund a $ 20 bill pinning it t the bard.
“What I can say fr the flks that gave the mst, is that they were full f smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can d fr yu and that was apparent in thse that gave the mst." Mst peple wh tk dllars tk nly a few, but Bridges said a very small number tk as much as they culd.
While the clip might lk like part f a new ad campaign, Bridges said the nly gal was t shw genersity and sympathy. He added that he hpes peple in ther cities might try similar prjects and pst their wn vides n the Internet.
“After all, everyne has bad days and gd days," he said. “Sme days yu need a helping hand and sme days yu can be the ne giving the helping hand.”
24. What des the expressin "mney with n strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Mney spent withut hesitatin.
B. Mney nt legally made.
C. Mney ffered withut cnditins.
D. Mney nt tied tgether.
【答案】24. C
【文章大意】文章介绍了Tyler Bridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。
24． C句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Give what yu can. Take what yu need”可知，这里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。
2.【2020·天津高考第一次】Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant "is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying histry can give us insight （洞察力）int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance （无知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
Histry can inspire us t learn mre. what's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy.
The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.
1．The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means __________.
A．the turning pint in ur histry
B．the present state f ur natin
C．the lcatin f ur hmeland
D．the ttal area f ur cuntry【答案】1．B
【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。
1．猜测词义题。根据上句learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )int ur ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are tday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。
3.【2019年3月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（天津卷）】
Essentially, everyne has tw ages: a chrnlgical（按时间计算的）age, hw ld the calendar says yu are, and a bilgical age, basically the age at which yur bdy functins as it cmpares t average fitness r health levels.
“Chrnlgical age isn’t hw ld we really are. It’s merely a number,” said Prfessr David Sinclair at Harvard University. “It is bilgical age that determines ur health and ultimately ur lifespan. We all age bilgically at different rates accrding t ur genes, what we eat, hw much we exercise, and what envirnment we live in. Bilgical age is the number f candles we really shuld be blwing ut. In the future, with advances in ur ability t cntrl bilgical age, we may have even fewer candles n ur birthday cake than the previus ne.”
T calculate bilgical age, Prfessr Levine at Yale University identified nine bimarker（生物标志）that seemed t be the mst influential n lifespan by a simple bld test. The numbers f thse markers, such as bld sugar and immune（免疫的）measures, can be put int the cmputer, and the algrithm（算式，算法）des the rest.
Perhaps what’s mst imprtant here is that these measures can be changed. Dctrs can take this infrmatin and help patients make changes t lifestyle, and hpefully take steps t imprve their bilgical cnditins. “I think the mst exciting thing abut this research is that these things aren’t set in stne,” Levine said. “Peple can be given the infrmatin earlier and take steps t imprve their health befre it’s t late.”
Levine even entered her wn numbers int the algrithm. She was surprised by the results. “I always cnsidered myself a very healthy persn. I’m physically active; I eat what I cnsider a fairly healthy diet. But I did nt find my results t be as gd as I had hped they wuld be. It was a wake-up call,” she said.
Levine is wrking with a grup t prvide access t the algrithm nline s that anyne can calculate their bilgical age, identify ptential risks and take steps t imprve their wn health in the lng run. “N ne wants t live an extremely lng life with a lt f chrnic（慢性的）diseases,” Levine said. “By delaying the develpment f mental and physical functining prblems, peple can still be engaged in sciety in their senir years. That is the ideal we shuld be pursuing.”
14．By saying “we may have even fewer candles n ur birthday cake than the previus ne” in Para. 2, the authr means _______.
A．we dn’t have t celebrate ur birthday every year
B．we are chrnlgically lder than last year
C．we might be less happy than the previus year
D．we may be bilgically yunger than the year befre
【答案】14．D
【解析】本文为说明文。基本上，每个人都有两个年龄：一个是年表上的年龄，年历上说的你的年龄；一个是生理年龄，基本上是指你的身体机能与平均健康水平或健康水平相比较的年龄。生理年龄决定了我们的健康，最终决定了我们的寿命。为了计算生物年龄，耶鲁大学的莱文教授通过简单的血液测试确定了9种似乎对寿命影响最大的生物标志物。莱文正在与一个小组合作，提供在线访问该算法的机会，这样任何人都可以计算自己的生物年龄，识别潜在风险，并采取措施改善自己的长期健康状况。
14．句意理解题。根据第二段中的In the future, with advances in ur ability t cntrl bilgical age, we may have even fewer candles n ur birthday cake than the previus ne.（在未来，随着我们控制生物年龄的能力的提高，我们的生日蛋糕上的蜡烛可能比前还要少）可知，人类将会有能力缩短或者延长生物年龄，作者说“我们的生日蛋糕上的蜡烛可能比前还要少”意思是“我们在生理上可能比前一年更年轻”。故D选项正确。
4.2018年全国III卷之D篇
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre is mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
I fund the pre-hlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate less-used things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund(基金）(ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr).
Fr weeks, I've been thinking f bigger, deeper questins: Hw d we make it a habit fr them? And hw d we train urselves t help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my sn, Shepherd, determined t test my wn thery n this. I decided t play with him with nly ne ty fr as lng as it wuld keep his interest. I expected that ne ty wuld keep his attentin fr abut five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chse a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried t put it in his muth, he tried buncing it, rlling it, sitting n it, thrwing it. It was ttally, cmpletely enugh fr him. Befre I knew it an hur had passed and it was time t mve n t lunch.
We bth became absrbed in the simplicity f playing tgether. He had my full attentin and I had his. My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.
32. What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. The mre, the better. B. Enugh is enugh.
C. Mre mney, mre wrries. D. Earn mre and spend mre.
33. What made Gergia agree t sell sme f her bjects?
A. Saving up fr her hliday B. Raising mney fr a pr girl
C. Adding the mney t her fund D. Giving the mney t a sick mther
34. Why did the authr play the ball with Shepherd?
A. T try ut an idea
B. T shw a parent's lve
C. T train his attentin
D. T help him start a hbby
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Take It r Leave It B. A Lessn frm Kids
C. Live Mre with Less D. The Pleasure f Giving
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。
32.A 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句…I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。
33.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意卖玩具。故选C。34.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.表明，跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。
35.C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子hw t live mre with less，而二三段是作者的尝试，故C作标题适合。
5.【2022届山西省高考适应性联系（一模）】
He came t Britain,16, with a handful f qualificatins. ￡5 in pcket and a burning ambitin. Thirty-five years later, Vijay, 51, and his brther. Bhikhu. wn a drug cmpany which des $234 millin wrth f business each year. Tgether they are wrth ￡280 millin and nw they have been jintly named “Entrepreneur f the Year”.
It is an inspiratinal tale. Yet despite their wealth and this award, Vijay remains mdest abut their success. He praises his mther: “She is an incredible lady. She taught us hard wrk, hnesty and we have based ur lives n thse qualities.”
In 1967,Vijay kissed his mther gdbye t Lndn t make his frtune. “I had little mre than my qualificatins and $5,” says Vijay. “But t g with thse, I had a huge ambitin t make smething f myself,” he recalls. Typically, Vijay lks n the bright side. “When yu start frm zer, things can’t get any wrse. Yu have nly ne way t g. and that’s up - if there is a hunger in yur stmach fr success.” Vijny says. “My brther and I were determined t better urselves and Britain was the land f pprtunity.”
By 1982, he had wned six chemist’s shps, when Bhikhu, a then financial analyst, jined him, adding sme “financial discipline” t his cmpany. Vijay says: “I simply culdn’t have dne it withut him.” As he puts it, “Brught up under ne rf, we understand ne anther frm A t Z.”
Vijay is keen t cntinue repaying the cuntry he has made his wn. “We hpe we are mde citizens and wuld like t remain s,” he says. “We are lucky enugh t live in a cuntry that never stands in ur way.” His message fr yung peple is t d the same: “Identify yur aim, and d nt let anything discurage yu frm achieving that gal.”
1．What did Vijay pssess when starting his business?
A．£280 millin in cash.B．A small drug cmpany.
C．The title “Entrepreneur f the Year”.D．Nthing but qualificatins and ambitin.
2．What is the recipe fr Vijay’s success?
A．His brther’s financial aid.B．His identity f mdel citizen.
C．The perseverance in his gal.D．Encuraging qutes frm mm.3．Which can prbably replace the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A．We share smething in cmmn.B．We knw each ther inside ut.
C．We cunt n each ther in career.D．We tw tgether create fire and water.
4．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Frm Penniless t MillinaireB．The Significance f Educatin
C．The Pwer f Deep BrtherhdD．A Mdest Successful Businessman
【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．A
【解析】本文为一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了被评为“年度企业家”的Vijay和Bhikhu的成功史，以及成功的秘诀。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“He came t Britain,16, with a handful f qualificatins. ￡5 in pcket and a burning ambitin. Thirty-five years later, Vijay, 51, and his brther, Bhikhu, wn a drug cmpany which des $234 millin wrth f business each year.(16岁时，他来到英国，带着一些资历，口袋里的￡5，还有一个燃烧的雄心。35年后，51岁的维贾伊和他的兄弟，Bhikhu。拥有一家每年价值2.34亿美元的制药公司)”,以及第三段第二句“‘I had little mre than my qualificatins and $5,’ says Vijay.‘But t g with thse, I had a huge ambitin t make smething f myself’(维贾伊说:‘除了我的资历和5美元之外，我一无所有。但与此同时，我有一个巨大的抱负，那就是要成就一番事业。')”可知，创业阶段，他除了资格证书和雄心，什么都没有。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段的第三句开始“When yu start frm zer, things can’t get any wrse. Yu have nly ne way t g. and that’s up—if there is a hunger in yur stmach fr success.” Vijny says. ‘My brther and I were determined t better urselves and Britain was the land f pprtunity.’（‘当你从零开始，事情不会变得更糟。你只有一条路可走。如果你的胃里有一股渴望成功的欲望，那就是成功。’Vijny说，‘我弟弟和我决心让自己变得更好，而英国是一片充满机遇的土地。’)”可知，Vijny对目标的执着是他的成功的秘诀。故选C项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“Brught up under ne rf, we understand ne anther frm A t Z.(我们在同一个屋檐下长大，彼此了解)”，frm A t Z意为“彻底地；从头至尾”。A项“We share smething in cmmn.(我们有共同之处)”；B项“We knw each ther inside ut.(我们互相了解得很透彻)”；C项“We cunt n each ther in career.(我们在事业上互相依靠)”；D项“We tw tgether create fire and water.(我们简直是水火不容)”。B项与该句语意相近，故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章介绍了把手起家的Vijay凭借雄心壮志，打拼到拥有一家每年营业额过亿美元的制药公司的经历。故Frm Penniless t Millinaire(从一文不名到百万富翁)，符合题意。故选A项。6.【2022届内蒙古包钢第一中学高三一模检测（A）】
The Jewish(犹太人）family-had-just finished supper and the wman had placed the dishes in the sink.The kitchen was quite damp and even glmier than in the main rm.It was their third apartment since the start f the war,they had abandned the ther tw in a hurry.The wman came back int the rm and sat dwn again at the table.The 3-year-ld by sat with his back straight,his eyes fixed n his father,but it was bvius that he was s sleepy that he culd barely sit up.
The man was smking a cigarette.His eyes were bld-sht and he kept blinking in a funny way.This blinking had begun sn after they fled the secnd apartment.
It was late,past ten 'clck and they culd have gne t sleep,but first they had t play the game that they had been playing every day fr tw weeks.Even thugh the man tried his best and he mved very quickly,the fault was his and nt the child's.The by his father put ut his cigarette,he pened his blue eyes even wider.The wman,wh didn't actually take part in the game, strked the by's hair.
“We'll play the key game just ne mre time nly tday.Isn't that right?"she asked her husband.
He didn't answer because he was nt sure.They were still tw r three minutes ff. He arse and walked twards the bathrm dr.Then the wman called ut sftly,“Ding-dng."At the sund f the bell ringing s musically frm his mther's lips,the by jumped up frm his chair and ran t the frnt dr,which was separated frm the main rm by a narrw crridr.
“Wh's there?"he asked.
The wman,remaining in her chair,shut her eyes tight as if feeling a sudden, sharp pain.
“I'll pen up in a minute,I'm just lking fr the keys,"the child called ut. Then he ran back t the main rm,making a lt f nise with his feet.He ran in circles arund the table,pulled ut ne f the sidebard drawers,and slammed it shut.
“Just a minute,I can't find them,I dn't knw where Mama put them,"he yelled,then dragged the chair acrss the rm,climbed nt it,and reached up t the tp f the shelf.
“I fund them!”he shuted triumphantly.Then he gt dwn frm the chair, pushed it back t the table,and calmly walked t the dr and pened it.
“Shut the dr,darling,"the wman said sftly."Yu were perfect.”
The child didn't hear what she said.He std in the middle f the rm,staring at the clsed bathrm dr.
“Shut the dr, the wman repeated in a tired flat vice.Every evening she repeated the same wrds,and every evening he stared at the clsed bathrm dr.
At last it pened.The man was pale and his clthes were streaked with lime and dust.He std there,eyes blinking in that funny way.
“Well?Hw did it g?"asked the wman.
“I still need mre time.He has t lk fr them lnger.I slip in sideways all right,but 's s tight in there that when I he's gt t make mre nise-he shuld stamp his feet luder."
The child didn't take his eyes ff him.
“Say smething t him,"the wman whispered.
＂Yu did a gd jb,little ne,"he said mechanically.
“That's right,”the wman said,“yu're really ding a wnderful jb,darling. Yu act just like a grwn-up.And yu d knw that if smene shuld really ring the drbell when Mama is at wrk,everything will depend n yu?And what will yu say when they ask yu abut yur parents?”
“Mama's at wrk.”
“And Papa?"He was silent.
“And Papa?"the man screamed in terrr.The child turned pale.
“And Papa?”the man repeated mre calmly.
“He's dead,”＂the child answered and threw himself at his father,wh was standing right beside him,but already lng dead t the peple wh wuld really ring the bell.
5．What des the underlined sentence in Para.5 mean?
A．The family needed t practise the game fr anther 2 r 3 minutes.
B．There was still 2 r 3 minutes left befre smene kncked at the dr.
C．They wuld becme t sleepy t play the game 2 r 3 minutes later.
D．The father needed 2 r 3 mre minutes befre the kid pened the dr.
6．Why did the by make a lt f nise when he was lking fr the key?
A．Because he needed t drwn ut the nise caused by his father.
B．Because he was t little and just culdn't cntrl his ftsteps.
C．Because he was t anxius t find the key t pen the dr with.
D．Because he met many barriers n his way t where the key was.
7．In Para.12,why did the mther repeat“shut the dr”in a tired,flat vice, instead f the previus sft ne?A．She was angry because her sn didn't clse the dr as he had been tld t.
B．She felt anxius because she knew her husband wuld be annyed at the by again.
C．She was disappinted because the by's mvement betrayed again where her husband was.
D．She was impatient because she was asked t repeat these wrds again and again every evening.
8．What is the best title f the passage?
A．A Scary NightB．The Key Game
C．My Father Is DeadD．An Inncent By
【答案】5．D6．A7．C8．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是三岁的男孩和父母晚上玩的找钥匙游戏。
5．句意猜测题。根据第五段中They were still tw r three minutes ff.“他们还有两三分钟的时间。”和下文的“I'l1 pen up in a minute,I'm just lking fr the keys,"the child called ut. “我马上就开门，我只是在找钥匙。”孩子叫道。由此推知划线句意的意思是“父亲又过了两三分钟，孩子才打开门。”故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第8段“I'l1 pen up in a minute,I'm just lking fr the keys,"the child called ut. Then he ran back t the main rm,making a lt f nise with his feet.He ran in circles arund the table,pulled ut ne f the sidebard drawers,and slammed it shut. “我马上就开门，我只是在找钥匙。”孩子叫道。然后他跑回主屋，用脚弄出很大的声响。他绕着桌子跑了一圈，拉出一个餐具柜抽屉，砰地关上。和下文中的he's gt t make mre nise-he shuld stamp his feet luder.“他得弄出更多的声音——他跺脚的声音应该更大一些。”由此推知，这个男孩在找钥匙的时候之所以发出这么大的声音，是因为他需要淹没他父亲发出的噪音。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第13—15段中At last it pened.The man was pale and his clthes were streaked with lime and dust.He std there,eyes blinking in that funny way. 最后它打开了。那人脸色苍白，衣服上布满了石灰和灰尘。他站在那里，眼睛眨得很滑稽。“Well?Hw did it g?"asked the wman. “嗯?进展如何?”女人问。“I still need mre time.He has t lk fr them lnger.I slip in sideways all right,but 's s tight in there that when I he's gt t make mre nise-he shuld stamp his feet luder." “我还需要更多的时间。他不得不花更长的时间去寻找它们。我侧身滑了进去，但后来…里面太紧了，我一转身……他必须制造更多的噪音——他应该跺脚更大声。”由此可知，母亲用疲惫、平淡的声音重复着“关上门”，而不是先前那句温柔的话是因为她很失望，因为男孩的举动再次泄露了她丈夫的行踪。故选C。
8．标题判断题。根据第三段It was late,past ten 'clck and they culd have gne t sleep,but first they had t play the game that they had been playing every day fr tw weeks.“时间已经很晚了，10点多了，他们本来可以去睡觉的，但是他们必须先玩他们已经玩了两个星期的游戏。”和第四段“We'll play the key game just ne mre time nly tday.Isn't that right?"she asked her husband. “我们只会在今天再玩一次找钥匙的比赛。好吗?”她问丈夫。这篇文章讲述了一个找钥匙比赛。所以B项为最佳标题。故选B。
7.【广东省珠海市2021-2022学年高三统考】
Mst teenagers are still trying t find their passin and purpse in life. Hwever, nt Gitanjali Ra. The 15-year-ld sphmre at STEM Schl Highlands Ranch has been cming up with innvative slutins l wrldwide prblems since she was ten. It is, therefre, nt surprising that the yungster was selected frm 5,000 equally impressive nminees—aged 8 t 16—fr TIME Magazine’s first-ever “Kid f the Year.”
The yung girl, wh knew she wanted t bring change and psitivity t her cmmunity since 3rd grade, was just ten years ld when she heard abut the lead-tainted (含铅的) water in Flint, Michigan, in 2015. After spending tw mnths researching hw the area’s drinking water became plluted, Ra began designing a device called Tethys, which attaches t a cellphne and infrms the resident via an APP if their drinking water cntains traces f the harmful metal. The prttype (模型) earned her the Yung Scientist Challenge Award in 2017. A start-up entrepreneur is wrking with scientists and medical prfessinals t test Tethys’ ptential and hpes the device will be ready fr cmmercial use by 2022.
In 2019, Ra tk n anther scial issue—piid addictin. The app she designed wn the Pillar Prize at the Innvatin Student Challenge, which helps t catch drug addictin in yung adults befre it’s t late. Ra said. “I wanted t cme up with a way t diagnse such addictin at an early stage s yu can take actin earlier.”
Mre recently, the teenager has created anther inspiring app. “I stared t hard-cde (编写硬编码) in sme wrds that culd be cnsidered bullying, and then the cmputer search engine tk thse wrds and identified wrds that are similar. Yu type in a wrd r phrase, and it’s able t pick it up if it’s bullying, and it gives yu the ptin t edit it r send it the way it is.” Ra tld editr Angelina in an interview. “The gal is nt t punish. Instead, it gives yu the chance t rethink what yu’re saying s that yu knw what t d next time arund.”
9．Hw is Gitanjali Ra different frm mst teenagers?
A．She is trying t find her passin and purpse in life.
B．She is a sphmre at STEM Schl Highlands Ranch.
C．She has put frward creative answers t wrldwide prblems.
D．She applied t be “Kid f the Year” f TIME Magazine.
10．What can we learn abut Tethys frm Paragraph 2?
A．It is a device fr residents t research the drinking water.B．The traces f the harmful metal will be presented n it.
C．Its phne APP tells users whether the water is plluted.
D．A start-up entrepreneur has put Tethys n the market.
11．What des the underlined expressin “piid addictin” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Internet addictin.B．Drug abuse.
C．App innvatin.D．Health diagnsis.
12．What is the gal f the app against cyberbullying?
A．T give a punishment fr bullying.B．T guide users t send prper wrds.
C．T withdraw bullying messages.D．T help find mre accurate expressins.
【答案】9．C10．C11．B12．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文文。主要介绍了美国女孩Gitanjali Ra发明的新科技涵盖各个领域，帮助解决社会问题，因此，她被《时代》杂志评选为第一位“年度少年”。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mst teenagers are still trying t find their passin and purpse in life. Hwever, nt Gitanjali Ra. The 15-year-ld sphmre at STEM Schl Highlands Ranch has been cming up with innvative slutins l wrldwide prblems since she was ten.（大多数青少年仍在努力寻找生活中的激情和目标。然而，不是吉坦贾利·拉奥。这位15岁的STEM Schl Highlands Ranch的大二学生从10岁起就一直在为世界范围内的问题提出创新的解决方案。）”可知，Gitanjali Ra与大多数青少年不同，她对世界性的问题提出了创造性的答案。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“After spending tw mnths researching hw the area’s drinking water became plluted, Ra began designing a device called Tethys, which attaches t a cellphne and infrms the resident via an APP if their drinking water cntains traces f the harmful metal.（在花了两个月的时间研究该地区的饮用水如何受到污染后，Ra开始设计一款名为Tethys的设备，该设备连接到手机上，通过应用程序通知居民饮用水是否含有有害金属的痕迹。）”可知，Gitanjali Ra设计的手机应用程序可以告诉用户水是否被污染了。故选C项。
11．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The app she designed wn the Pillar Prize at the Innvatin Student Challenge, which helps t catch drug addictin in yung adults befre it’s t late.（她设计的应用程序在创新学生挑战赛中获得了支柱奖，帮助年轻人在为时已晚之前戒掉药物上瘾。）”可知，Gitanjali Ra设计的应用程序是为了帮助年轻人戒掉药物上瘾，推测划线短语表示“药物上瘾”，与drug abuse同义。故选B项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The gal is nt t punish. Instead, it gives yu the chance t rethink what yu’re saying s that yu knw what t d next time arund.（我们的目标不是惩罚。相反，它让你有机会重新思考自己在说什么，这样你就知道下次该做什么。）”可知，应用程序对抗网络霸凌的目标是引导用户重新思考，发送合适的文字。故选B项。
8.【江西省七校2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考】
We’ve been hearing fr decades abut the cmplex intelligence f plants; but a new study, cnducted by researchers at the University f Missuri, managed t figure ut ne new imprtant element: plants can tell when they’re being eaten, and they dn’t like it.
The wrd “intelligence”, when applied t any nn-human animal r plant, is imprecise and srt f meaningless: research dne t determine “intelligence” mstly just aims t learn hw similar the inner wrkings f anther rganism is t a human thught prcess. But these studies d give us insight int hw ther rganisms think and behave, whatever “think” might mean.
The researchers were seeking t answer an unusual questin: des a plant knw when it’s being eaten? T d that, the researchers had t first make a precise versin f the vibratins (振动) that a caterpillar (毛虫) makes as it cats leaves. The thery is that it’s these vibratins that the plant can smehw feel r hear. In additin, the researchers als came up with ther vibratins the plant might experience, like wind nise.
This particular study was n the thale cress. It actually prduces sme mustard ils (芥子油), which are mildly pisnus when eaten, and sends them thrugh the leaves t stp caterpillars. And the study shwed that when the plants felt r heard the vibratins made by caterpillars, they sent ut extra mustard ils int the leaves. When they felt r heard ther vibratins? Nthing. It’s a far mre dynamic defense than scientists had realized: the plant is mre aware f its surrundings and able t respnd than expected.
There’s mre research t be dne; nbdy’s quite sure by what mechanism the plant can actually feel r hear these vibratins. But it’s really prmising research; there’s even talk f using sund waves t encurage crps t, say, grw faster, r send ut specific defenses against attacks. Imagine knwing that a frst is cming, and being able t encurage plants t fruit faster by simply blasting them with music. That’s the kind f crazy sci-fi future this indicates.
1．What des the underlined part “ther rganisms” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Intelligence f plants.B．Nn-human living things.
C．Human thught prcesses.D．The inner wrkings f plants.
2．What is the rle f mustard ils prduced by the thale cress?A．Keeping the plant’s surrundings safe.B．Acting as defenses t stp caterpillars.
C．Making the plant aware f the vibratins.D．Sending warnings against caterpillars’ cming.
3．What des the underlined wrd “Nthing” in Paragraph 4 indicate?
A．The plants failed t identify ther vibratins.
B．The plants sent ut mre mustard ils int the leaves.
C．The plants culd identify vibratins frm caterpillars.
D．The plants prevented caterpillars frm eating the leaves.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The plans fr the study.B．The prblems with the study.
C．The significance f the study.D．The achievements f the study.
【答案】1．B2．B3．C4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于植物的复杂智能，但密苏里大学的研究人员进行的一项新研究设法发现了一个新的重要因素：植物可以分辨出它们什么时候被吃，以及会有一定的防御机制。
1．词句猜测题。根据上文“research dne t determine “intelligence” mstly just aims t learn hw similar the inner wrkings f anther rganism is t a human thught prcess.”（确定“智能”的研究大多只是为了了解另一个有机体的内部工作与人类思维过程有多相似。） 可以看出，研究事项对比其他有机体和人类的区别，所以ther rganisms的意思与B选项“Nn-human living things”（非人类的生物）意思接近。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“It actually prduces sme mustard ils (芥子油), which are mildly pisnus when eaten, and sends them thrugh the leaves t stp caterpillars.”（它实际上会产生一些芥子油，这种油在食用时是轻微毒性，并将它们通过叶子阻止毛毛虫。）可知，B选项“Acting as defenses t stp caterpillars”（作为防御来阻止毛虫）是芥子油的功能。故选B项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线部分上句“And the study shwed that when the plants felt r heard the vibratins made by caterpillars, they sent ut extra mustard ils int the leaves. When they felt r heard ther vibratins? Nthing.”（研究表明，当植物感觉到或听到毛虫发出的振动时，它们会向叶子中释放出额外的芥子油。当它们感觉到或听到其它振动时？什么都没有。）可知，thale cress可以辨别毛虫的震动，对其他的震动不作出反应，所以C项“The plants culd identify vibratins frm caterpillars.”（这些植物能够识别毛毛虫发出的振动。）为Nthing暗含的意思。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But it’s really prmising research”（但这是一项很有前途的研究）及上下文可知，最后一段是关于此类研究的重要意义，所以C选项“The significance f the study.”（研究的重要性）为正确选项。故选C项。
9.【宁夏银川一中2021-2022学年高三上学期第五次月考】
I went with my husband t Ratan fr ur vacatin, a trpical island ff the nrth cast f Hnduras, where turists can swim with dlphins at Anthny’s Key Resrt.
The Ratan dlphins are kept in a rped-ff pen(围栏). The cheapest “swim” with the dlphins csts $ 89. Kissing csts extra. The turists line up and, ne after anther, get phtgraphed while being “kissed” by a dlphin. The turist bends dwn a bit, the trainer lifts an arm, the dlphin cmes up and fr a few secnds hlds its bttlense t the turist’s face. The picture is ready fr purchase when the turists exit thrugh the gift shp.
These turists must lve dlphins, but what kind f lve is that? At sea these highly intelligent creatures are always n the mve, traveling thusands f miles. They are cmplex scial creatures that need a lt f space t live in.
Yet Teri Bltn, the head trainer at Anthny’s Key Resrt, defends the pen as a suitable habitat. “We feel this is the clsest t keeping things as natural as pssible”, she said. “Yu’re getting a windw int hw these animals really are.”
The discussin abut this turist behavir can be fund n the Internet. Sme peple try t justify their desire, saying the fence f the pen is lw; the dlphins culd jump ver it if they wanted t, and therefre they’re staying in captivity(圈养)by free will. One cntributr t the discussin said, “Dlphins are scial creatures. Jumping ver the fence wuld mean leaving the females and their babies. Besides, by nw they are used t captivity with three meals a day. Jumping ver the fence wuld be like asking yu t jump ut f a spaceship alne nt Mars.”
But visiting any institutin that keeps dlphins in captivity means supprting the cncept f captivity. It’s like wearing a fur cat and then justifying it by saying it’s OK because the animals are already dead.
Remember that yu cannt buy lve, and if yu try t buy dlphin lve, yu hurt the nes yu lve. In fact, a dlphin’s kiss has nthing t d with lve, just as a dlphin’s smile has nthing t d with happiness. While many claim that dlphin encunters prvide healing(治疗）)qualities and help yu t feel better, the ppsite is true fr the suppsed healers.
1．Hw much des a turist pay fr a dlphin’s kiss?
A．Mre than $ 89.B．Less than $ 89.
C．As much as $ 89.D．It’s free f charge.
2．What d sme peple n the Internet think f the pen fr dlphins?A．It’s like a prisn.B．It’s like a spaceship.
C．It’s n fun fr the dlphins.D．It’s suitable fr the dlphins.
3．What d the underlined “the suppsed healers” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Dlphin lvers.B．Unhealthy peple.
C．Dlphins in the wild.D．Dlphins in captivity.
4．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Are Dlphins As Smart As Humans?
B．Swimming with Dlphins: Is It Lve r Nt?
C．Dlphins—Creatures with Feelings
D．Kissing—A New Way t Cmmunicate with Dlphins
【答案】1．A2．D3．D4．B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要作者通过观看被圈养的海豚后有感，就圈养海豚现象提出质疑，驳斥一些人士提出的圈养论，提出海豚和人们表现出亲密的互动并不代表海豚自己快乐以及对人们有爱。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The cheapest “swim” with the dlphins csts $ 89. Kissing csts extra. ”(和海豚游泳最便宜要花费89美元，亲吻海豚要花费更多)可以推断，亲吻海豚花费超过89美元。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第五段“the dlphins culd jump ver it if they wanted t, and therefre they’re staying in captivity（圈养）by free will. ”（海豚们如不想被圈养可以跳过围栏出去，所以他们保持圈养是他们自由的意愿）和“Besides, by nw they are used t captivity with three meals a day. Jumping ver the fence wuld be like asking yu t jump ut f a spaceship alne nt Mars.”（而且，到现在他们已经适应于一日三餐的圈养，跳出围栏就像叫你独自跳出太空飞船去火星一样）可以推断，一些人已经认为这些海豚已经适应圈养而不愿意再回归大自然了。故选D项。
3．词义猜测题。由文章最后一段“While many claim that dlphin encunters prvide healing qualities and help yu t feel better, the ppsite is true fr the suppsed healers.”（尽管很多人声称人类和海豚的邂逅能为人类提供疗养功效并帮助你感觉更好，对于这些所谓的治疗者来说，情况恰恰相反）可知，当人类寻求海豚治疗时，其实海豚才是受害者，它们更需治疗。所以the suppsed healers暗指被圈养的海豚。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“These turists must lve dlphins, but what kind f lve is that? ”（这些游客肯定爱海豚，但这是那种爱？）可知，作者从第二段开始就人们和海豚轻吻游泳以及圈养海豚方面提出质疑，就这到底是对海豚的爱还是残害提出了讨论。B项“和海豚游泳：是不是爱？”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B项。10. 【重庆市育才中学2021-2022学年高三下学期三月月考】
If yu culd travel in time, where wuld yu g? Perhaps yu wuld watch a perfrmance f a Shakespeare’s play in Elizabethan England? What abut hanging ut with Lazi in the Spring and Autumn Perid? Or maybe yu’d vyage far ahead f the present day t see what the future hlds.
The pssibility f time travel is indeed appealing. Stries explring the subject have been arund fr hundreds f years. Perhaps the best-knwn example is science fictin nvel The Time Machine, written by H. G. Wells and published in 1895. It was adapted int at least tw feature films f the same name, as well as tw televisin versins, and a large number f cmic bk adaptatins. It is generally credited with the ppularizatin f the cncept f time travel using a vehicle that allws an peratr t travel purpsefully and selectively. The term “time machine”, cined by Wells, is nw universally referred t a vehicle transprting peple int the far future.
But culd time travel actually be pssible? Sme scientists say yes, in thery. They prpse using cracks in time and space called “wrmhles”, which culd be used as shrtcuts t ther perids. Einstein’s thery f relativity allws time travel in extreme circumstances. And Stephen Hawking says yu culd travel int the future with a really fast spaceship-ging at nearly the speed f light. Thugh building such a spaceship wuldn’t f curse be simple.
Even if yu culd travel int the past, there is smething called the “grandfather paradx”. It asks what wuld happen if a time traveler were t g back in time and have his wn grandfather killed fr sme reasn, and therefre prevent himself frm being brn. If the time traveler wasn’t brn, hw wuld he travel back in time?
And wuld yu really like t visit the future? In H. G. Wells’ bk, the main character travels int distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs. He then vyages 30 millin years int the future where the nly living thing is a black bject with tentacles.
If that’s what’s in stre, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.
1．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A．The Time Machine is ne f the bestselling science fictin nvels.
B．There are films, cmic bks and dramas adapted frm the nvel The Time Machine.
C．Wrks f Literature abut time travel first appeared ne hundred years ag.
D．It was H.G. Wells wh invented the term “time machine”.
2．Einstein’s and Hawking’s theries________.
A．suggest the pssibility f time travelB．have been prved wrng by sme time travelers
C．have similarities because bth are based n experiments
D．have pushed the inventin f the first spaceship
3．In Paragraph 4, “grandfather paradx” prbably refers t the idea that________.
A．the reunin f the traveler and his grandfather brings happiness
B．the grandfather’s death makes the traveler’s birth impssible
C．the traveler ges back in time t seek fr his grandfather
D．the traveler is prevented frm meeting his grandfather
4．Accrding t the passage what is prbably the authr’s attitude twards time travel？
A．Unclear.B．Supprtive.C．Dubtful.D．Uncncerned.
【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。人类一直对时间旅行很感兴趣。从理论上来说，且根据一些科幻书籍以及科学家所说，时间旅行是可以的。但是，从另一个角度而言，时间旅行未必是好事。因此作者认为我们还是生活在现在的好。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The term “time machine”, cined by Wells, is nw universally used t refer t a vehicle transprting peple int the far future.(“时间机器”这个术语，由Wells创造，现在被普遍用于指把人们运送到遥远的未来)”可知，是H. G. Wells发明了“时间机器”这个术语。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句提出问题“But culd time travel actually be pssible?(但是时间旅行实际上是可能的吗？)”，接下来举了爱因斯坦和霍金的例子“Einstein’s thery f relativity allws time travel in extreme circumstances. And British physicist Stephen Hawking says yu culd travel int the future with a really fast spaceship ging at nearly the speed f light(爱因斯坦的相对论使得在极端情况下可以进行时间旅行。英国物理学家斯蒂芬霍金说，你可以用一艘非常快的宇宙飞船以接近光速的速度旅行到未来)”可知，霍金和爱因斯坦的理论表明了时间旅行的可能性。故选A。
3．词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“there is smething called the “grandfather paradx”. It asks what wuld happen if a time traveler were t g back in time and have his wn grandfather killed fr sme reasn, and therefre prevent himself frm being brn. If the time traveler wasn’t brn, hw wuld he travel back in time? (有一种现象叫做“祖父悖论”。它问的是，如果一个时间旅行者回到过去，由于某种原因杀死了自己的祖父，从而阻止了自己的出生，会发生什么事情。如果时间旅行者没有出生，他要怎么回到过去？）”可知，“grandfather paradx”提出的观点就是：祖父死亡导致时间旅行者无法出生。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If that’s what’s in stre, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.(如果这是未来可能发生的事，也许我们最好还是活在当下)”结合第四段提到“祖父悖论”使得时间旅行有可能不能实现；第五段以H.G.威尔斯的书为例，表明即使回到过去也有可能遭遇险境，可推知，作者对时间旅行持怀疑态度，故选C。
阅读理解（句意猜测题）
相关试卷
高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思（练模拟）： 这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思（练模拟），文件包含考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思教师版docx、考点17--词义猜测之猜测句子的意思学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点16--词义猜测之猜测短语的意思（练模拟）： 这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点16--词义猜测之猜测短语的意思（练模拟），文件包含考点16--词义猜测之猜测短语的意思教师版docx、考点16--词义猜测之猜测短语的意思学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共40页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点15--词义猜测之猜测单词的意思（练模拟）： 这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点15--词义猜测之猜测单词的意思（练模拟），文件包含考点15--词义猜测之猜测单词的意思教师版docx、考点15--词义猜测之猜测单词的意思学生docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共58页， 欢迎下载使用。
