高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点10--推理判断之写作态度（练模拟）

这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点10--推理判断之写作态度（练模拟），文件包含考点10--推理判断之写作态度教师版docx、考点10--推理判断之写作态度学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共111页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语二轮复习策略建议
一轮复习在紧张的学习与考试中度过，如何有效地进二轮复习，如何在高考最关键时刻，梳理重点知识，如何回归课本、回归基础，是摆在我们面前很值得深思与探讨的问题给大家整理了高考英语二轮复习方法，供大家参阅!
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。

考点10--推理判断之写作态度--练模拟--熟能生巧
1.【海南省琼海市嘉积中学2021-2022学年高三下学期第四次模拟】
He really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen cream sticking out of his bag. The fat man sat on the terrace （平台），sipping lemonade and pretending to look at a tourism brochure. His sunglasses masked his eyes, but I knew he wasn't looking at the brochure: he hadn't turned a page for the last ten minutes. As I brought him his dishes, he coughed up a "thank you" and looked at me briefly. I tried not to stare at the tiny scar across his left eyebrow.
I walked back inside with my empty tray, shaking my head. He looked familiar, but I couldn't quite place him. Then it hit me. The car accident. The mysterious stranger who helped me out of my crashed car, just before it exploded. I rushed back to his table. He was gone.
I moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card：I am deeply grateful to you. The night o£ your car accident, I was on my way to rob a jewelry store. Saving your life brought things back in a right way. I now live an honest life, thanks to you. God bless you! Mr. D．
I shivered（震颤）.The night of my car accident, I was heading for an interview in an illegal dance club. Seeing human kindness through his heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life. I unfolded the tip he left. Among the singles was a grand （—千块）with a pen mark underlining “In God We Trust.”I said a silent prayer for him and got back to work, smiling.
4．Why did the fat man look like a tourist?
A．Because he used money not the same as the locals.
B．Because he carried what tourists usually have on.
C．Because he doesn't look like a native citizen.
D．Because he ordered strange food and drinks.
5．How did the writer knew the man didn't read the brochure?
A．He was drinking all the time.
B．He sat still with his sunglasses.
C．The page remained unturned.
D．He was staring at the writer.
6．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．They kept in touch with each other since then.
B．The writer had been searching for the man.
C．The man became a rich man years later.
D．The writer didn't go to that interview.
7．What is their attitude towards each other?
A．Sympathetic. B．Grateful.
C．Worried. D．Trusty.
【答案】4．B5．C6．D7．B
【解析】本文为记叙文。一个要去抢劫的陌生人在车祸中救了作者的命，改变了双方的生活，让这个要抢劫的人恢复正常的生活，让作者看到了人性的善良，重拾生活的信心。后来两人在作者工作的地方重遇，他给作者留下小费和卡片来感谢作者，作者也为他祈祷。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“He really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen cream sticking out of his bag. The fat man sat on the terrace （平台），sipping lemonade and pretending to look at a tourism brochure.” 他看起来真的像个游客，脖子上挂着相机，包里还带着一瓶防晒霜。胖子坐在露台上，喝着柠檬水，假装在看旅游手册。由此可知，胖子带着旅客常带的东西，故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he hadn't turned a page for the last ten minutes.” 他已经十分钟没有翻页了。可知他是假装在看宣传册。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“The car accident. The mysterious stranger who helped me out of my crashed car, just before it exploded.”可知， 那个神秘的陌生人在我的车爆炸前帮我从撞坏的车中出来。最后一段“The night of my car accident, I was heading for an interview in an illegal dance club....” 车祸发生的那天晚上，我正要去一家非法舞蹈俱乐部参加面试...... 。由此可推断出作者去面试前发生车祸而没有去面试。故选D。
7．推理判断题。第三段“I moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card：I am deeply grateful to you. T... thanks to you. God bless you! Mr. D.”可知，我移了他的盘子，发现了他给的小费，还有一张卡片：“我非常感激你。愿上帝保佑你！D先生”。第四段“The night of my car accident, I was heading for an interview in an illegal dance club. Seeing human kindness through his heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life. I said a silent prayer for him and got back to work, smiling.” 车祸当晚，我正前往一家非法舞蹈俱乐部接受面试。他的英雄行为让我看到了人性的善良，使我的生活发生了变化，并使我对生活重挫拾信心。...我默默地为他祈祷，由此可知，这个人救了作者的命并让其对生活重拾信心，作者为此感谢他。由此可推断出他们想互感激。故选B。
2.【云南省师范大学附属中学2022届高三高考适应性月考卷（十）】
Blind boxes or mystery boxes have taken China's toy scene by storm. The idea is quite simple. The customers know they are getting a toy, but won't know what specific toy they are getting until they open the box. It is a bit like gambling (赌博) only without the risk of leaving empty-handed.
One such company to take an important role in this particular market is Pop Mart. By the end of 2020, the company had more than 100 shops and over 1000 vending (售卖) machines as well as an online store. The popularity of Pop Mart's products has made it 33-year-old founder Wang Ning a billionaire.
The idea for blind boxes was inspired by gashapon (扭蛋) from Japan, which are vending machines that give out a capsule containing a mystery toy. Although the toys inside Pop Mart's blind boxes are relatively cheap, costing less than two dollars to make, they sell for around eight dollars. The majority of its customers are between the ages of 18 - 35, typically young adults with over 7 5 percent being female.
Young adults may not play with dolls in the way that kids might, instead, they choose to display them. Sometimes as a symbolic extension of their personalities or just to show off something cute. Some blind boxes contain more limited-edition toys, which entice more serious collectors to keep buying more boxes in the hope that they can get the one that they want. Some consumers have collected over a thousand dolls. If each cost eight dollars, two thousand dolls would mean that she spent around sixteen thousand dollars on dolls.
Blind boxes have been compared to gambling, which can be addictive. While blind boxes have received criticism, no actions have been taken against them yet.
12．What is popular with Chinese young adults?
A．Getting cheap toys. B．Buying blind boxes. C．Opening mystery gifts. D．Showing off something cute.
13．What does the underlined word "entice" in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Force. B．Attract. C．Raise. D．Command.
14．Which of the following best describes buying blind boxes?
A．It is gambling. B．It is beneficial. C．It is easily-addicted. D．It is special in China.
15．What is the author's attitude towards mystery boxes?
A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Sceptical. D．Objective.
【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了盲盒成为中国年轻一代人的新宠，但购买盲盒成瘾成为随之而来的问题。
12．细节理解题。根据文章首段首句“Blind boxes or mystery boxes have taken China's toy scene by storm.”
(盲盒或神秘盒风靡中国玩具界。)可知，盲盒或神秘盒子在中国人中掀起了一股热潮。B项“Buying blind boxes.”(购买盲盒。)符合原文表述，故选B项。
13．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段第三句“Some blind boxes contain more limited-edition toys, which entice more serious collectors to keep buying more boxes in the hope that they can get the one that they want.”(一些盲盒包含更多限量版玩具，这entice 更认真的收藏家继续购买更多的盒子，希望他们能得到他们想要的那个。)分析，一些盲盒里装着更多的限量版玩具，这就吸引了更多认真的收藏者不断购买更多盲盒，因为他们希望能得到他们想要的东西。B项“Attract.”(吸引。)符合句意，故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后两句“Some consumers have collected over a thousand dolls. If each cost eight dollars, two thousand dolls would mean that she spent around sixteen thousand dollars on dolls.”(一些消费者收集了超过一千个娃娃。如果每个八块钱，两千个洋娃娃，也就意味着她花了一万六千块钱买洋娃娃。)和最后一段“Blind boxes have been compared to gambling, which can be addictive.”(盲盒被比作赌博，赌博会让人上瘾。)可知，一些消费者已经收集了上千个娃娃，总计上万美元,这像赌博一样。可推测，买盲盒容易上瘾。C项“It is easily-addicted.”(容易上瘾。)符合推断，故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据文章末段“Blind boxes have been compared to gambling, which can be addictive. Blind boxes have been compared to gambling, which can be addictive. While blind boxes have received criticism, no actions have been taken against them yet.”(盲盒被比作赌博，会让人上瘾。虽然盲盒受到批评，但尚未对它们采取任何行动。)可知，虽然盲盒受到了批评，但到目前为止还没有采取任何行动。作者对其是持怀疑的态度。C项“Sceptical.”(持怀疑态度。)故选C。
3.【2022届四川省成都市第七中学高三下学期热身考试】
A city in South Korea, which has the world’s largest number of people using smartphones, has placed flashing lights and laser beams at a road crossing to warn “smartphone zombies” to look up and drivers to slow down, in the hope of preventing accidents.
The designers of the system were motivated by growing worry that more pedestrians glued to their phones will become victims in a country that already has some of the highest road death and injury rates among developed countries. State-run Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) believes its system of flashing lights at zebra crossings can warn both pedestrians and drivers.
In addition to red, yellow and blue LED lights on the pavement, “smombies” - smartphone zombies - will be warned by laser beam projected from power poles and a warning sent to the phones by an app that they are about to step into traffic.
“Increasing number of smombie accidents have occurred in pedestrian crossings, so these zombie lights are essential to prevent these pedestrian accidents,” said KICT senior researcher Kim Jong-hoon. Drivers are warned by the flashing lights, which have shown to be effective 83.4 percent of the time in the institute’s tests involving about 1,000 vehicles.
In 2017, more than 1,600 pedestrians were killed in auto related accidents, which is about 40 percent of total traffic deaths, according to data from the Traffic Accident Analysis System. For now, the smombie warning system is placed only in Ilsan, a suburban city about 30 km northwest of the capital, Seoul, but is expected to go nationwide, according to the institute.
Kim Dan-hee, a 23-year-old resident of Ilsan, welcomed the system, saying she was often too absorbed in her phone to remember to look at traffic. “This flashing light makes me feel safe as it makes me look around again, and I hope that we can have more of these in town,” she said.
8．What do the underlined words “smartphone zombies” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Drivers driving after drunk. B．Pedestrians buried in their phones.
C．Passengers crazy about phones. D．Policemen in charge of traffic.
9．What do we know about the warning system?
A．It has reduced death rate by 83.4%. B．It has been spread nationwide.
C．It gives a warning to the smartphones. D．It is being tried out in many places.
10．What was the residents’ attitude to the traffic system?
A．Negative. B．Unconcerned.
C．Disapproving. D．Favorable.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．South Korea Warns Smartphone Zombies of Traffic
B．Flashing Lights Are Used to Prevent Accidents
C．Smartphone Zombies Are Causing Traffic Accidents
D．South Korea Uses a New Traffic System
【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了一款安装于韩国城市的手机警告系统。警告那些在繁忙交通路段沉迷于手机的行人。以及行人对这个警告系统的看法。

8．词义猜测题。根据1段中的内容：在十字路口安装闪灯以及镭射光束来提醒沉迷于手机的行人抬头看路和司机减速。同时在文章第2段中提到“more pedestrians glued to their phones”可知，很多行人沉迷于手机。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第3段中的“In addition to red, yellow and blue LED lights on the pavement, “smombies” - smartphone zombies - will be warned by laser beam projected from power poles and a warning sent to the phones by an app that they are about to step into traffic”可知，应用程序向手机发送的警告，告诉它们它们即将驶入车流。故选C项。
故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Kim Dan-hee, a 23-year-old resident of Ilsan, welcomed the system”可知，Kim Dan-hee对这个系统表示欢迎。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，在韩国忙碌的路口安装了一个针对行人使用手机的警告系统。故选A项。
4.【2022届山东师范大学附属中学高三考前打靶卷】
Astronomers breathed a sigh of relief as the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)sprung to life. JWST would not fit into any modern rocket without being folded. However, ultimately the telescope has started returning some of its first images to thrilled audiences back on Earth.
Yet the experience left many astronomers wondering if there was a simpler way to launch telescopes of this size. “We were worried about the unfolding,” says John Blevins of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. But with a larger rocket, “you don’t have to unfold in space. You can do it on the ground”.
As chance would have it, two such rockets are currently sitting on launchpads. The first, NASA’s Space Launch System(SLS), is ready and waiting at Kennedy Space Center in Florida for its voyage this summer. But a reliance on tried-and-true technology could be its Achilles’ heel: some estimates currently keep the SLS’s cost at an $4.1 billion per launch. If approved, though, its massive size could ultimately be a boon for scientists seeking to send larger, more ambitious spacecraft and telescopes throughout the solar system and even beyond.
Over in Texas, Starship, a similarly capable but wildly different rocket being developed by SpaceX, is also in preparation to launch on its first orbital test flight. Usually, each rocket will be deserted after a single use, its components degraded to junk on the seafloor or adrift in space. But Starship is instead built for endurance, landing back on the ground for rapid reuse, which has already dramatically lowered the expense of reaching space.
As big and bold as the SLS may be, experts say that it pales in comparison with what Starship could achieve. “Starship holds the promise of transforming the solar system in a way we can’t really appreciate,” says Alan Stern.
“It completely changes the game.”
12．Why was it necessary to simplify the way to launch JWST?
A．The size of some rockets was small. B．The launching technology was limited.
C．The unfolding of JWST was impossible. D．The cost of launching JWKT was costly.
13．What does the underlined word “boon” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Benefit. B．Fantasy. C．Concern. D．Disaster.
14．What do we know about Starship in Paragraph 4?
A．It will be recycled in space. B．It is not available for launching.
C．It will be abandoned after a single use. D．It has reduced the cost of reaching space.
15．What’s the experts’ attitude towards the future of Starship?
A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Satisfied.
【答案】12．A13．A14．D15．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜启动的方式得到了简化，更有利于火箭装载。介绍了两枚火箭的情况和各自的优势。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Astronomers breathed a sigh of relief as the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)sprung to life. JWST would not fit into any modern rocket without being folded. (当詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）重新启动时，天文学家们松了一口气。如果不折叠起来，JWST将无法装进任何现代火箭)”可知，有必要简化启动JWST的方式是因为一些火箭的尺寸很小。故选A。
13．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“If approved, though, its massive size could ultimately be a”以及后文“for scientists seeking to send larger, more ambitious spacecraft and telescopes throughout the solar system and even beyond”可知，科学家们希望向整个太阳系甚至更远的地方发射更大、更有野心的宇宙飞船和望远镜，所以如果获得批准，它巨大的尺寸最终可能会对科学家有好处，故画线词意思是“好处”。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But Starship is instead built for endurance, landing back on the ground for rapid reuse, which has already dramatically lowered the expense of reaching space.(但“星际飞船”是为续航能力而建造的，它会返回地面进行快速再利用，这已经大大降低了进入太空的成本)”可知，星际飞船降低了进入太空的成本。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As big and bold as the SLS may be, experts say that it pales in comparison with what Starship could achieve. “Starship holds the promise of transforming the solar system in a way we can’t really appreciate,” says Alan Stern. “It completely changes the game.”
(尽管SLS可能是巨大而大胆的，但专家们表示，与星际飞船所能实现的成就相比，它就相形见绌了。艾伦·斯特恩说：“星际飞船有希望以一种我们无法真正欣赏的方式改变太阳系。它完全改变了游戏规则。”)”可知，专家对星际飞船的未来充满希望。故选A。
5.【2022届山东省德州市高考三模】
While facial recognition technology continues to promote many aspects of human life, it's now being applied to aid the protection of giant pandas, Xinhua News Agency reported on 6 January 2022.
A nature reserve has built an AI-enabled video monitoring system to better protect giant pandas. Installed with 300 infrared (红外线) cameras, the monitoring system helps ensure the health and safety of 110 wild giant pandas there. It was put into operation two years ago, and has captured numerous photos and videos of pandas engaged in activities such as eating, resting and fighting for mates. It provides scientific data to help us grasp pandas’ living conditions and establish conservation strategies. More importantly, it achieves real-time monitoring of the reserve so that we can discern the threats to the wildlife as early as possible.
A recent study found the facial recognition system can automatically recognize various wild animals caught in infrared cameras, allowing researchers to collect data on giant pandas while staying indoors. It's shown that by equipping the AI-aided system to retain the filed photos of giant pandas, we obtain a 98% success rate for species recognition. Its success rate of recognizing other wild animals can top 80%. In 2021 alone, this monitoring system captured 2, 896 photos of giant pandas and other rare animals and filmed 3,218 seconds of footage, showcasing the reserve's sound ecological environment as well as a gradual rise in panda population there.
Head of the reserve's administration, Liu Xingming, said researchers used the system not only to observe the dynamics and health of the giant panda population but also to learn about changes in the natural surroundings of their habitat. “The monitoring system has enabled systematic, scientific, and intelligent conservation of wildlife,” he added. “However, it is expected to be further improved and optimized in the near future.”
8．What does the underlined word “discern” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Solve. B．Pose. C．Attach. D．Detect.
9．What can be inferred about the new technology from the study?
A．It precisely recognizes any species. B．It makes panda population rise rapidly.
C．It contributes to species data collection. D．It understands pandas' facial appearance.
10．What is Liu Xingming's attitude to the facial recognition monitoring system?
A．Critical. B．Objective.
C．Ambiguous. D．Conservative.
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Panda Facial Recognition Using Database
B．Functions of Facial Recognition Technology
C．AI Technology for Better Panda Protection
D．A Breakthrough in Video Monitoring System
【答案】8．D9．C10．B11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人脸识别技术对保护大熊猫的作用和前景。
8．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前半句“it achieves real-time monitoring of the reserve(实现了保护区的实时监测)”可知，对保护区的实时监测可以帮助发现野生动物面临的威胁，所以discern是“发现”的意思。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“A recent study found the facial recognition system can automatically recognize various wild animals caught in infrared cameras, allowing researchers to collect data on giant pandas while staying indoors.(最近的一项研究发现，面部识别系统可以自动识别红外摄像机捕捉到的各种野生动物，让研究人员在室内收集大熊猫的数据。)”可知，从这项研究中可以推断出关于这项新技术有助于物种数据收集。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The monitoring system has enabled systematic, scientific, and intelligent conservation of wildlife,” he added. “However, it is expected to be further improved and optimized in the near future.”( 他补充说：“该监测系统使野生动物得到了系统、科学和智能的保护。”“不过，预计在不久的将来，它会得到进一步的改进和优化。”)”可知，他对这项技术的赞许和期望。可推断，刘兴明对人脸识别监测系统的态度是客观的。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“While facial recognition technology continues to promote many aspects of human life, it's now being applied to aid the protection of giant pandas, Xinhua News Agency reported on 6 January 2022.(据新华社2022年1月6日报道，在人脸识别技术继续促进人类生活的许多方面的同时，它现在正被用于帮助保护大熊猫。)”及全文可知，文章主要讲述了人脸识别技术对保护大熊猫的作用和前景。所以“AI Technology for Better Panda Protection(人工智能技术更好地保护熊猫)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
6.【2022届辽宁省实验中学高考考前模拟训练】
Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments. They need to do more to prepare for the side-effects.
For the past 3,000 years, when people thought of money they thought of cash. Over the past decade, however, digital payments have taken off— tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping a smartphone has become normal.
Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies. That will make the economy more efficient—but it also causes new problems that could hold back the transition(转型).
Countries are removing cash at varying speeds. In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years. America is perhaps a decade behind. Outside the rich world, cash is still king. But even there its leading role is being challenged. In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.
Cash is dying out because of two forces. One is demand— younger consumers want payment systems that plug easily into their digital lives. But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets) and telecoms companies (in emerging ones) are developing fast, easy-to-use payment technologies from which they can pull data and pocket fees. There is a high cost to running the infrastructure behind the cash economy—ATMs, vans carrying notes, tellers who accept coins. Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage old-fashioned customers with heavy fees.
In the main, the prospect of a cashless economy is excellent news. Cash is inefficient. When payments dematerialise, people and shops are less open to theft. It also creates a credit history, helping consumers borrow.
Yet set against these benefits are a couple of worries. Electronic payment systems may risk technical failures, power failure and cyber-attacks. In a cashless economy the poor, the elderly and country folk may be left behind. And a digital system could let governments watch over people’s shopping habits and private multinationals exploit their personal data.
8．Some rich countries are trying to __________.
A．dematerialize money
B．get rid of the side-effects of cash
C．make the economy more efficient by protecting endangered species
D．promote payment without paper money or coins
9．In paragraph 3, several countries are mentioned to show _____________.
A．the differences between developed and developing countries
B．that cash is still king across the world
C．digital payments are becoming a trend that cannot be stopped
D．China is developing faster that those developed countries in digital payment
10．Cash is disappearing largely because _________________.
A．younger consumers are short of money to live their digital lives
B．suppliers are trying to reduce costs and obtain money and data
C．the infrastructure is developing at a high speed in developed markets
D．financial firms want to abandon old-fashioned customers
11．The author’s attitude towards digitalized payment is _________.
A．favorable B．negative
C．objective D．indifferent
【答案】8．D9．C10．B11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。富裕国家正在减少现金支付，现金正在因为需求等原因消失。总的来说，无现金经济的未来是个好消息，但是对于电子支付人们也有一些担忧。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments.可知， 富裕国家正竞相将支付非物质化。根据第三段中的In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.在过去的十年中，瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％。结合上下文，可知某些富裕国家比如瑞典正在减少现金支付，推广不用纸币或硬币的支付方式，也就是电子支付方式。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.可知在过去的十年中，瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％。根据In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.可知在中国，数字支付从2012年占所有支付的4％上升到2017年的34％。瑞典和中国的共同点是现金支付减少，电子支付比例上升，由此可推断作者提到瑞典和中国是为了说明数字支付正成为一种不可阻挡的趋势。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中的 But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets)... Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage old-fashioned customers with heavy fees.可知现金消失的一个重要原因就是诸如银行和科技公司（在发达市场）和电信公司（在新兴市场）之类的供应商正在开发快速，易于使用的支付技术，他们可以从中提取数据和小费。运行现金经济背后的基础架构需要付出高昂的成本，这些基础设施包括自动取款机，载有纸币的货车，接受硬币的出纳员。大多数金融公司都渴望放弃它，或者以高昂的费用劝阻老式客户。也就是供应商为了减少成本，获取数据和小费，开发了更便捷的支付方式，导致现金支付的减少。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章内容，作者提到无现金支付即电子支付的好处，也提到电子支付引起的担忧，对待电子支付是客观的，故选C项。
7.【2022届吉林省长春市普通高等学校招生全国统一考试临考押题卷（A）】
Have a hard time waking up when it’s cold out? Scientists say your brain is to blame. A study conducted by scientists from Northwestern University made it possible to offer some explanations for this phenomenon.
Their study on fruit flies shows how seasonally cold and dark conditions can prohibit neurons within the fly brain that promote activity and wakefulness from sending out signals, particularly in the morning. It helps explains why, for both flies and humans, it is so hard to wake up in the morning in winter.
“By studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and why temperature is so vital to regulate sleep,” said Marco Gallio, associate professor of neurobiology in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences.
The study describes for the first time “absolute cold” receptors in the fly antenna, which respond to temperature only below the fly’s “comfort zone” of about 25°C．Having recognized those neurons, the researchers followed them all the way to their targets within the brain. They found their targets are a small group of brain neurons that are part of a larger network that controls rhythms of activity and sleep. When the neurons they discovered are active, the target cells, which normally are made active by morning light, are shut down.
“Temperature sensing is one of the most fundamental abilities,” said Gallio, whose group is one of only a few in the world that are systematically studying temperature sensing in fruit flies. “The principles we are finding in the fly brain, the logic and organization, may be the same all the way to humans. And future studies on human brain will surely find some reference information in this study.”
8．Why is it hard for flies to wake up in cold mornings?
A．Cold conditions disable the antennas of flies.
B．Flics have fewer neurons in the brain than humans.
C．Coldness stops flies’ neurons from functioning well.
D．Flies’ neurons controlling wakefulness are damaged.
9．What do we know about the study?
A．It focuses mainly on how fly brains work.
B．It helps explain how temperature affects sleep.
C．It aims at solving humans’ sleeping problems.
D．It shows the similarities between fly brains and human brains.
10．Which part of a fruit fly will be made active when it is cold?
A．Its antenna. B．Its target cells.
C．Its “absolute cold” receptors. D．Its network controlling sleep.
11．What’s Gallio’s attitude towards the practical value of the findings?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Disappointed.
【答案】8．C9．B10．C11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项有关温度影响睡眠的研究。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Their study on fruit flies shows how seasonally cold and dark conditions can prohibit neurons within the fly brain that promote activity and wakefulness from sending out signals, particularly in the morning. (他们对果蝇的研究表明，季节性寒冷和黑暗的环境会阻止果蝇大脑中促进活动和清醒的神经元发出信号，尤其是在早上)”可知，果蝇在寒冷的早晨很难醒来因为寒冷阻止果蝇神经元正常工作。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“By studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and why temperature is so vital to regulate sleep(通过研究果蝇的行为，我们可以更好地理解温度如何以及为什么对调节睡眠如此重要)”可知，这项研究有助于解释温度如何影响睡眠。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The study describes for the first time “absolute cold” receptors in the fly antenna, which respond to temperature only below the fly’s “comfort zone” of about 25°C.(该研究首次描述了果蝇触角上的“绝对低温”接收器，这种受体只对低于果蝇“舒适区”（约25°C）的温度做出反应)”可知，果蝇的“绝对低温”接收器在寒冷时会活跃起来。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And future studies on human brain will surely find some reference information in this study.(未来对人脑的研究一定会在本研究中找到一些参考信息)”可推知，Gallio对这项研究的实用价值持积极态度。故选A。
8.【2022届河南省大联考高三考前最后一卷】
82-year-old Gina Harris will become the oldest woman to cycle across Britain. From England, Gina plans to ride from Land’s End, in Cornwall, to John O’Groats, in Scotland, to support Women’s Aid and Refuge. The trip is hard, but Gina has set her mind to supporting the two charities after reading about the outstanding work they have done for women.
This year’s International Women’s Day theme is Break the Bias (偏见). Knowing that isn’t enough, action is needed badly. Gina is taking action for women all over the world to show the importance of women. Gina shared, “I will ride my old bike and carry my luggage, which weighs over 30 kg. I won’t complete the challenge until June 2022, so I have 3 months to practice with my son’s great help. I have previously travelled by bicycle around Europe, so it won’t be my first long cycle journey, but it will certainly be my last one.”
Gina Harris, a former photographer, took up cycling at 50 and joined the Cycling UK to follow her passion for
charities. Alan Head, former Secretary of the Cycling UK commented, “Gina Harris has cycled with the Cycling UK for many years. We wish her all the best in her attempt to raise money for women by cycling. Because public services aren’t enough, the work of charities is important. ”
Faye Connelly, Fundraising Manager at Women’s Aid, said, “We are grateful to Gina for her incredible support, and we expect more people to follow her example. Gina’s determination to raise as much as she can helps us reach more women and children.”
4．What made Gina determine to support the two charities?
A．Her great talent. B．Her family’s support.
C．Their long history. D．Their great work for women.
5．What is the son’s attitude to his mother’s plan?
A．Cautious. B．Favorable. C．Disappointed. D．Critical.
6．Why did Gina join the Cycling UK in the beginning?
A．To raise money for her son. B．To support charities.
C．To improve her health. D．To realize her childhood dream.
7．What does Faye expect from Gina’s example?
A．People will donate more money to the disabled.
B．People will pay more attention to health.
C．More people will be inspired to support the charity.
D．More people will like cycling.
【答案】4．D5．B6．B7．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位八十多岁的老人为了慈善事业挑战骑行，穿越英国的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“The trip is hard, but Gina has set her mind to supporting the two charities after reading about the outstanding work they have done for women.(这趟旅程很艰难，但在了解到这两家慈善机构为女性所做的杰出工作后，Gina下定决心支持它们)”可知，Gina是看了它们的事迹后决心参加这次活动的。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“I won’t complete the challenge until June 2022, so I have 3 months to practice with my son’s great help.(我要到2022年6月才能完成挑战，所以我有3个月的时间在我儿子的帮助下练习)”可知，她儿子给了她非常多的帮助，即非常支持她。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Gina Harris, a former photographer, took up cycling at 50 and joined the Cycling UK to follow her passion for charities.(Gina
Harris曾是一名摄影师，她在50岁时开始骑自行车，并加入了英国自行车协会，以追随她对慈善事业的热情)”可推断，Gina最初参加骑行俱乐部是为了支持慈善事业。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Faye Connelly, Fundraising Manager at Women’s Aid, said, “We are grateful to Gina for her incredible support, and we expect more people to follow her example. Gina’s determination to raise as much as she can helps us reach more women and children.”(妇女援助的筹款经理Faye Connelly说：“我们非常感谢Gina的支持，我们希望更多的人以她为榜样。Gina决心尽她所能地筹集资金，帮助我们接触到更多的妇女和儿童。”)”可知，Faye Connelly希望Gina能鼓舞更多人支持慈善事业。故选C。
9.【2022届广东省六校联盟高三下学期第六次联考】
I've been writing since before I could write. As a kid, I dictated stories to my parents.About 12 years ago,I was living in New York City and pursuing a master in creative writing. For years I'd been suffering vision disorder,but in New York my symptoms worsened. I became unable to read or write for any considerable length of time. I tried vision therapy(疗法），an overhead projector,a special pair of glasses-all in vain.
Eventually,I discovered a computer program for the visually challenged. As I typed,my words were read aloud by an automated voice. With my screen dimmed to black,I relied entirely on audio feedback to know what I had written.
Facing the blank page is worrying,but facing the black page is worse. The dark screen is a sinkhole that swallows creative hope. Sentences disappear into it like an astronaut into a black hole. I managed to complete my master degree, but it took me years to adapt to my new reality. The greatest barrier seemed to be the automated voice, which was like a robot parrot on my shoulder, and I wanted nothing more than to drive it away. If a pianist were forced to practice on an untuned piano,would it corrupt his ear over time?
Of course,I could have quit writing and stopped making myself suffer.But it honestly never occurred to me-and I'm glad it didn't. Last year, after I told my story on the radio,I was contacted by VocaliD,a Massachusetts-based company that created a voice modeled on my own.
The first time I heard the voice they created, it is so close to my own that the two are nearly indistinguishable. I've only just begun using this new voice. My hope is that this will restore a sense of solitude(孤独） to my writing process,allowing me easier access to that inner space where the imagination can take over, and I can forget myself, and the real work can begin.
The black screen still exists-it always will-but the robot parrot has taken wing.
4．What happened to the author when pursuing a master degree in New York?
A．His sight started to fail due to much reading.
B．His eyes couldn't sustain long hours of reading.
C．He had to drop out due to his vision disorder.
D．He successfully overcame his vision problem.
5．What still bothered the author after he got his master degree?
A．The untuned automated voice.
B．The pet parrot on his shoulder.
C．The computer with a dark screen.
D．The noise from a neighboring pianist.
6．How did the author feel when first hearing the voice created by VocaliD?
A．Excited. B．Annoyed.
C．Unmoved. D．Relaxed.
7．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The automated voice is too annoying to bear.
B．The author can restore his sight to normal.
C．The author starts to enjoy his writing again.
D．It is likely that the technology will improve.
【答案】4．B5．A6．A7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了受到视觉障碍的作者在追求写作梦想道路上与视觉障碍搏斗的过程，以及期间作者所寻找的解决方法。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“I became unable to read or write for any considerable length of time. （我变得无法长时间读写。）”可知，作者因为视觉障碍而无法长时间地专注写作或阅读。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段 “The greatest barrier seemed to be the automated voice, which was like a robot parrot on my shoulder, and I wanted nothing more than to drive it away. （最大的障碍似乎是自动语音声，它就像一只机器鹦鹉搭在我肩上，我只想把它赶走。）”可知，困扰作者最多的就是自动语音声。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段“The first time I heard the voice they created, it is so close to my own that the two are nearly indistinguishable.”和“My hope is that this will restore a sense of solitude(孤独） to my writing process, allowing me easier access to that inner space where the imagination can take over, and I can forget myself, and the real work can
begin.（我希望这能在我的写作过程中恢复一种孤独感，让我更容易进入内心的空间，在那里想象力可以占据主导，我可以忘记自己，真正的工作可以开始。）”可知， 当作者第一次听见VocaliD制作的声音时，发现它与作者自己的声音十分相像，几乎无法辨别出来。加之作者对其寄予的希望，都可以看出当作者听见VocaliD制作的声音时心中的激动与喜悦。故选A。
7．推理判断题。通过最后一段“The black screen still exists-it always will-but the robot parrot has taken wing.（黑幕依然存在——它永远都会存在，但机器鹦鹉已经展翅飞翔。）”及倒数第二段我们可知，作者可能长时间无法摆脱视觉障碍的困扰，但是当有了新的设备后，作者不再受到自动语音的干扰，而是拥有了新的、通向内在自我与想象的写作可能，能够重新享受独自的写作过程。故选C。
10.【2022届福建省厦门市部分校高三毕业班考前模拟】
Our planet is home to many radioactive substances-not just in is geologic innards but also in its hospitals, at its industrial sites and in its food processing plants. In Colorado, for instance, 27 buildings house scary-sounding chemical elements such as cesium 137 and cobalt 60. These materials are not there for risky purposes, though. They play a part in cancer treatment, blood irradiation, medical and food sterilization, structure and equipment testing, geologic exploration, etc.
The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tool. The rays given off by cesium and cobalt can kill germs multiplying in your meat and make your apples last longer. Radiographic instruments can detect, say, cracks in a city’s pipes in a similar way to an x-ray picking up a hairline fracture in your knee. A practice called “well logging” uses sealed radioactive sources to map the geology of holes oil seekers drill into the earth. And of course, radiation is key to cancer treatment.
The risk arises because the same radioactive material that is beneficial could also be stolen or misplaced and find its way into trafficking rings or dirty bombs. It might also barn workers if something accidentally goes wrong during a normal nine-to-five day. In 2017 alone, according to a report from the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, there were 171 “incidents of nuclear or other radioactive materials outside of regulatory control” based on open source reports, 104 of which happened in the U.S.
An initiative called RadSecure 100 was launched to remove and better secure energetic material in 100 U.S. cities. “Where is the most high-risk material located around the most people?” says Emily Adams, deputy director of a domestic program in the Office of Radiological Security. “And that’s how we got our 100.”
12．What message does the author seem to convey in paragraph 1?
A．Radioactive substances can warm our planet.
B．Food processing does harm to workers in plants.
C．The radioactive material is basically everywhere.
D．It’s hard to remove scary-sounding elements in buildings.
13．Why does the author mention “well logging” in paragraph 2?
A．To make a summary. B．To raise a question.
C．To provide a contrast. D．To support an idea.
14．What is RadSecure 100 intended for?
A．Making use of energetic substances. B．Ensuring safety of the radioactive material.
C．Warning people of the most high-risk material D．Protecting the Office of Radiological Security.
15．What is the writer’s attitude towards the radioactive material?
A．Pessimistic. B．Objective. C．Disapproval. D．Carefree.
【答案】12．C13．D14．B15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了我们的星球有许多放射性物质，这些物质可以发挥好的作用，但是也存在一定的隐患。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Our planet is home to many radioactive substances-not just in is geologic innards but also in is hospitals, at its industrial sites and in its food processing plants. In Colorado, for instance, 27 buildings house scary-sounding chemical elements such as cesium 137 and cobalt 60. These materials are not there for risky purposes, though. They play a part in cancer treatment, blood irradiation, medical and food sterilization, structure and equipment testing, geologic exploration, etc.(我们的星球是许多放射性物质的家园——不仅存在于地质内部，而且存在于医院、工业场所和食品加工厂。例如，在科罗拉多州，27栋建筑里存放着听起来可怕的化学元素，比如铯137和钴60。不过，这些材料并不是用于危险目的。它们在癌症治疗、血液辐照、医疗和食品灭菌、结构和设备测试、地质勘探等方面发挥作用)”可推知，作者在第一段中似乎想传达的信息是放射性物质基本上到处都是。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tool. The rays given off by cesium and cobalt can kill germs multiplying in your meat and make your apples last longer. Radiographic instruments can detect, say, cracks in a city’s pipes in a similar way to an x-ray picking up a hairline fracture in your knee. A practice called “well logging” uses sealed radioactive sources to map the geology of holes oil seekers drill into the earth.(放射性物质并不总是以黑白分明的方式有害：它可以是一种有用的工具。铯和钴释放出的射线可以杀死肉中繁殖的细菌，让苹果的寿命更长。比如说，放射设备可以探测到城市管道的裂缝，就像X光检查出膝盖的细微骨折一样。一种被称为“测井”
的方法使用密封的放射源来绘制石油勘探者在地球上钻的洞的地质图)”可推知，作者在第二段提到“well-logging”是为了支持放射性物质可以是一种有用的工具这样一个观点，故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“An initiative called RadSecure 100 was launched to remove and better secure energetic material in 100 U.S. cities.(一项名为RadSecure 100的倡议发起了，目的是在100个美国城市移除并更好地保护含能材料)”可知，RadSecure 100的用途是确保放射性物质的安全。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tool. (放射性物质并不总是以黑白分明的方式有害：它可以是一种有用的工具)”以及倒数第二段中“The risk arises because the same radioactive material that is beneficial could also be stolen or misplaced and find its way into trafficking rings or dirty bombs. (风险之所以会增加，是因为同样有益的放射性物质也可能被偷或放错地方，进入贩运团伙或脏弹)”可知，作者说明了放射性物质的好处和坏处，即可推知，作者对放射性物质的态度是客观的。故选B。
11.【2022届山西省临汾市高考考前适应性训练考试（三）】
When planes have a problem, analysts can usually figure out what went wrong by checking the plane’s “black box”, which records exactly what was happening to the plane at the time. Similarly, there’s something for people. Developed for astronauts, a small device celled the CPOD does for people what black boxes do for airplanes.
Under the leadership of Stanford University professor Greg Kovacs and engineers Carsten Mundt and Kevin Montgomery, researchers have developed a compact, portable and wearable device — a single piece of equipment that gathers a wide variety of vital signs of astronauts in space. About the size of a computer mouse, a CPOD is worn around the waist. It’s comfortable enough to be worn while sleeping. It’s non-invasive. It takes only minutes to don. Importantly, it can track a person’s physiologic functioning as they go about their normal routine — they don’t have to be tethered to some fixed device. It can store data for eight-hour periods for later downloading; alternatively, it can send the data wirelessly, in real time, to some other device.
“This is a new tool,” says Kovacs. “It allows monitoring of the body without invasion of the body — without tethering the person down, letting them go about their normal business.”
For one thing, the CPOD could notice problems before the astronauts even became aware of them. “We have alarms set in our device,” says Mundt. “If the heart rate goes, let’s say, above 170, the CPOD would beep, and then the astronaut would know it’s time to take it easy.” And, in the case of an emergency, the CPOD could provide vital signs within seconds — and it could quickly stream that information back to doctors on Earth. The CPOD typically tracks heart performance, blood pressure, respiration, temperature, and blood oxygen levels. Using three tiny
accelerometers (加速计), it also tracks a person’s movements — it can tell whether they’re running, for example, or spinning or tumbling.
The CPOD, says Kovacs, is an elegant job of putting the current state of the art in sensors in a compact, integrated package. “It’s an incredibly versatile tool,” he says. “It’s a medical monitor that just about any doctor can use.” And it can be used just about anywhere. Despite its small size, he says, “it’s a huge thing — a really huge thing.”
8．What can be inferred about the CPOD?
A．It’s hard for users to carry.
B．It can help users fall into a good seep.
C．It can monitor users’ physical condition.
D．It takes a long while to send data wirelessly.
9．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “tethered” in paragraph 2?
A．Stored. B．Applied. C．Tied. D．Recorded.
10．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A．The breakthrough of space exploration. B．The function of the CPOD．
C．The challenge of space exploration. D．The complex design of the CPOD．
11．What is the author’s attitude to the application of the CPOD?
A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful. C．Approving. D．Cautious.
【答案】8．C9．C10．B11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一种可以收集宇航员在太空中各种生命体征的单一设备——CPOD。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Importantly, it can track a person’s physiologic functioning as they go about their normal routine — they don’t have to be tethered to some fixed device.(重要的是，它可以跟踪一个人日常生活中的生理功能——他们不需要被固定在某个设备上)”可知，CPOD可以监控使用者的身体状况。故选C。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“to some fixed device(在某种固定的设备上)”可知，这种设备不需要被绑在某种固定的设备上。由此可知，划线词tethered的意思是“被绑，被系”，和tied意思相近，故选C。
10．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“For one thing, the CPOD could notice problems before the astronauts even became aware of them.(首先，CPOD可以在宇航员意识到问题之前就注意到它们)”和“The CPOD typically tracks heart performance, blood pressure, respiration, temperature, and blood oxygen
levels.(CPOD通常跟踪心脏功能、血压、呼吸、温度和血氧水平)”可知，第四段主要讲的是CPOD的功能。故选B。
11．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Developed for astronauts, a small device celled the CPOD does for people what black boxes do for airplanes.(为宇航员开发的一种名为CPOD的小装置对人的作用就像黑匣子对飞机的作用一样)”可知，本文主要介绍了CPOD的功能，且觉得它对宇航员很重要，因此作者对CPOD的应用所持的态度是赞成的。故选C。
12.【2022届江西省南昌市高三二模】
Adults are often embarrassed about asking for help. Seeking someone’s assistance can make you feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason.
Kayla Good, a graduate student in developmental psychology at Stanford University, and Alex Shaw, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Chicago, applied a classic technique from developmental psychology to learn more about how children think about reputation. Across several studies, they asked 576 children, aged four to nine, to predict the behavior of two characters, Tom and Jack, in a story. Tom genuinely wanted to be smart, and Jack merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help.
The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two characters as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought Jack would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature—they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of peers. They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.
Given the findings, it seems quite possible that when children themselves are the ones struggling, they, too, might avoid seeking out help if they are concerned about reputation. If so, this unwillingness to seek help when others are present could obviously impede academic progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks and ask questions. All of these efforts can be difficult when someone is concerned about their appearance to others.
32．What were the children asked to do about the two characters?
A．To assess their intelligence. B．To predict their academic progress.
C．To discuss their possibility to get help. D．To judge their willingness to ask for help.
33．Who was likely to seek private aid according to the eight-year-olds?
A．Tom. B．Jack. C．Both. D．Neither.
34．What does the underlined word “impede” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Prevent. B．Guarantee. C．Accelerate. D．Monitor.
35．What is the author’s suggestion for kids?
A．Be ready to help others. B．Be brave to ask for assistance.
C．Care more about reputation. D．Make efforts to be smarter.
【答案】32．D33．C34．A35．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究表明年幼的孩子不会在学校寻求帮助。作者建议孩子们要勇敢地寻求帮助。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help.(在一项研究中，他们告诉孩子们两个角色的考试成绩都很差，并询问他们中哪一个更有可能在全班同学面前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”可知，孩子们被要求判断这两个角色寻求帮助的意愿。故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.( 他们仍然可以想象杰克会寻求帮助的情况：当可以私下寻求帮助时(在电脑上而不是当面)，孩子们认为两个角色都有可能寻求帮助。)”可知，据八岁的孩子说，杰克和汤姆都可能私下寻求帮助。故选C。
34．词句猜测题。根据下文“To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks and ask questions.(要想在任何领域取得进步，一个人必须努力工作，接受具有挑战性的任务，并提出问题。)”可推知，在别人在场时不愿寻求帮助显然会阻碍学业进步。impede意为“阻碍”。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If so, this unwillingness to seek help when others are present could obviously impede academic progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks and ask questions.(如果是这样的话，在别人在场时不愿寻求帮助显然会阻碍学业进步。要想在任何领域取得进步，一个人必须努力工作，接受具有挑战性的任务，并提出问题。)”可推知，作者建议孩子们要勇敢地寻求帮助。故选B。
13.【2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三下学期第二次模拟】
I remember when Kamala Harris became Joe Biden's running mate. It seemed funny how many people pronounced her name incorrectly. On one occasion, a news host became upset when being corrected, and purposely called her Kumbaya.
I am no stranger to this issue as many of my students are from Asian and Middle Eastern countries, and sometimes their names are difficult for me to pronounce, even after asking them how to say it. Many students seem unwilling to correct me when I attempt to learn their names correctly. The other thing I’ve seen in growing numbers is students “adopting” an English name.
It's much more common than many think, for people to change their names in order to fit in.
This is especially the case when it comes to seeking jobs. Racial and cultural minorities often attempt to avoid discrimination hiring by hiding racial cues on the resume including changing their name. This is referred to as “resume whitening”. Research shows almost 50 percent of black and Asian job applicants did so.
Xian Zhao from the University of Toronto researches ethnic (种族的) name pronunciation, saying that many people don’t understand that habitually pronouncing an unfamiliar name inaccurately is a form of indirect discrimination. It sends a message that “you are the minorities” says Zhao. “You are not important in this environment, so why should I take time and my effort to learn it?”On the other end, those with ethnic names frequently don’t correct people, even when their name is pronounced wrong repeatedly, feeling it is better just to keep the peace and not stand out for being difficult.
It is important to try to pronounce everyone’s name as they pronounce it. This communicates respect of them as a person and their culture. There is nothing wrong with asking someone to repeat their name so that you can learn to pronounce it properly. This is usually appreciated.
8．When their names are incorrectly pronounced, the author’s Asian students
A．attempt to laugh at it B．tend to accept it
C．offer to correct the author D．agree to change their names
9．Which of the following can be seen as “resume whitening”?
A．An application for a better job.
B．A change in work environment.
C．A ban on racial discrimination in workplace.
D．A practice of using Western names in job seeking.
10．In his research, Xian Zhao finds that
A．ethnics accept their names being mispronounced to save trouble
B．ethnics fight effectively with the discrimination against their names
C．many westerners pronounce ethnic names incorrectly on purpose
D．many westerners make efforts to pronounce ethnic names correctly
11．What’s the author’s attitude toward pronouncing ethnic names correctly?
A．Critical. B．Uncaring. C．Reserved. D．Supportive.
【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．D
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了少数族裔人群在别人念错他们名字时往往选择接收而非纠错，并且会选择重新取一个英文名字的现象以及背后显现的社会问题。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Many students seem unwilling to correct me when I attempt to learn their names correctly.(当我试图正确记住他们的名字时，许多学生似乎不愿意纠正我)”可知，当学生听到自己的名字被喊错时，他们不会去纠正，即接受被叫错。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。“resume whitening”出现在第四段，根据上一句“This is especially the case when it comes to seeking jobs. Racial and cultural minorities often attempt to avoid discrimination hiring by hiding racial cues on the resume including changing their name.(在找工作的时候尤其如此。种族和文化上的少数族裔经常试图通过在简历中隐藏种族暗示，包括更改他们的名字，来避免在招聘时受到歧视)”可知，this指代的是前一句话，即种族人群在找工作时会为了避免遭到种族歧视而选择更改他们的名字；resume意为“简历”，whiten为“使……变白”，D项“A practice of using Western names in job seeking.(在求职时使用西方名字的做法)”，把隐含有种族暗示的原来的名字换成西方人的名字填写在简历上，以便找到工作，符合题意。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“On the other end, those with ethnic names frequently don’t correct people, even when their name is pronounced wrong repeatedly, feeling it is better just to keep the peace and not stand out for being difficult.(另一方面，那些有少数民族的姓名的人经常不去纠正别人，即使他们的名字被反复念错，他们觉得最好保持和平，不要因为太难而显得突出)”可知，就是少数民族人群为了保持和平（避免麻烦），会接受对方叫错名字。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is important to try to pronounce everyone’s name as they pronounce it. This communicates respect of them as a person and their culture. There is nothing wrong with asking someone to repeat their name so that you can learn to pronounce it properly. This is usually appreciated. (每个人的名字都要念出来，这很重要。这传达了对他们个人和他们文化的尊重。让别人重复他们的名字，这样你就可以正确地发音了。这通常是值得赞赏的)”可知，作者对正确叫出少数民族的姓名这事持支持态度。故选D项。
14.【2022届黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三第四次模拟】
A NASA spacecraft that will deliberately crash into an asteroid (小行星) is preparing to launch this week. The DART mission, or the Double Asteroid Redirection Test, will lift off at 10:20 p. m. PT on November 23, 2021 aboard a Space X Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. Live coverage of the event will air on NASA TV and the agency’s site. But the true test for this asteroid deflection (偏转) technology will come in September 2022, when the spacecraft reaches its destination, to see how it affects the motion of a near-Earth asteroid in space.
The mission target is Dimorphos, a small moon orbiting the near-Earth asteroid Didymos. This will be the agency’s first full-scale demonstration of this type of technology on behalf of planetary defense. It also will be the first time that humans have changed the motion of a solar system body in a measurable way, according to the European Space Agency.
It’s the perfect time for the DART mission to occur. Didymos and Dimorphos will be relatively close to Earth—within 11 million kilometers—in September 2022. The spacecraft will come speeding in at about 24,140 kilometers per hour, targeting Dimorphos, said Nancy Chabot, DART coordination leader at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland.
The mission’s aim is to deliberately crash into Dimorphos to change the asteroid’s motion in space, according to NASA．This collision will be recorded by CubeSat, a companion cube satellite provided by the Italian Space Agency. It’s the Italian Space Agency’s first deep space mission.
The briefcase-size CubeSat will travel on DART and then be moved from it before impact (撞击) so it can record what happens. Three minutes after the impact, the CubeSat will fly by Dimorphos to capture images and video. The video of the impact will be streamed back to Earth, which should be “pretty exciting,” said Elena Adams, DART mission systems engineer at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.
12．Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．The Italian Space Agency has launched deep space missions before.
B．The spacecraft will reach its destination in September 2022.
C．Humans changed the motion of a solar system body in the past.
D．Didymos and Dimorphos are 11 million kilometers away from Earth now.
13．Why will the spacecraft deliberately crash into an asteroid?
A．To destroy Dimorphos completely. B．To be recorded by CubeSat.
C．To change the asteroid’s motion in space. D．To show the technology.
14．What’s Elena Adams’ attitude to the coming video of the impact?
A．Positive. B．Skeptical. C．Cautious. D．Unclear.
15．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．NASA’s DART mission is set to launch.
B．A spacecraft will deliberately crash into the Moon.
C．NASA will show off its technology of defending the Earth.
D．A Space X Falcon 9 rocket will be launched this week.
【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．A
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要谈论了NASA即将启动的DART任务以及美国航天局对这次任务的安排及预想。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But the true test for this asteroid deflection (偏转) technology will come in September 2022, when the spacecraft reaches its destination, to see how it affects the motion of a near-Earth asteroid in space.（但这项小行星偏转技术的真正考验将在2022年9月航天器到达目的地时到来，以了解它如何影响近地小行星在太空中的运动。）”，可知根据课文，该航天器将于2022年9月到达目的地是正确的。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The mission’s aim is to deliberately crash into Dimorphos to change the asteroid’s motion in space, according to NASA. （据美国宇航局称，此次任务的目的是故意撞向二态磷，以改变小行星在太空中的运动。）”，可知宇宙飞船会故意撞上小行星的原因是改变小行星在太空中的运动。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The video of the impact will be streamed back to Earth, which should be “pretty exciting,”said Elena Adams, DART mission systems engineer at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.（约翰·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室的DART任务系统工程师埃琳娜·亚当斯说，撞击的视频将流回地球，这应该“非常令人兴奋”。）”，可知埃琳娜·亚当斯对即将到来的撞击视频持积极乐观的态度。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一二句“A NASA spacecraft that will deliberately crash into an asteroid (小行星) is preparing to launch this week. The DART mission, or the Double Asteroid Redirection Test, will lift off at 10:20 p. m. PT on November 23, 2021 aboard a Space X Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.（NASA的一艘有意撞向小行星的航天器准备于本周发射。DART任务或双小行星重定向测试将于2021
11月23日晚上10点20分在加利福尼亚州范登堡空军基地搭载的“猎鹰9号”太空火箭上升空。）”，可知这篇文章主要谈论NASA的DART任务即将启动。故选A。
15.【2022届河南省新乡市高三第三次模拟】
As we face climate change, a new digital tool helps expand carbon-free energy without damaging the wildlife habitats. In Maine, the Renewable Energy Siting Tool is a newly released map that allows the clean energy developers to identify the sites for solar and wind projects while avoiding those with sensitive wildlife habitats. Sarah Haggerty, the lead developer, notes that the tool came into being thanks to the data provided by Maine’s Depar-ment of Environmental Protection, state biologists, clean energy developers, as well as financial support from the bank.
Based on data on land-use, habitats, energy resources, etc., the tool uses a traffic-light model to identify sites suitable for development and sites to avoid. Fields like landfills are shown in green, wetland areas or rare species habitats are shown in red, while yellow shown areas indicate that closer examination of project impacts is necessary.
The tool was developed after Maine passed a law requiring that 80% of Maine’s electricity come from renewable resources by 2030. Haggerty says, “We are in urgent need of this tool to help us fight climate change in a way that reduces impact on our valuable natural resources.” Maine is the most forested state in the nation, and agriculture, natural resources, and nature tourism play important roles in its economy. Yet the state is among the top five in losing its farmland to development. It makes little sense to develop clean energy projects at the expense of farmland.
When developers announce a clean energy project, they often face disagreement from community members who are concerned about the loss of valuable farmland or the impact on wildlife. This can discourage investors and slow the transition to renewable energy. Luckily, this tool can help developers speed up the development of clean energy by quickly identifying suitable land. Clean energy development needn’t come at the expense of wildlife.
8．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．How the new tool works. B．How the new tool is adjusted.
C．How the new tool is developed. D．How the new tool collects data.
9．What is the function of the new tool?
A．To protect Maine’s renewable resources. B．To apply clean energy to wildlife habitats.
C．To improve the effective use of clean energy. D．To balance clean energy and wildlife habitats.
10．Which word best describes Haggerty’s attitude to the new tool?
A．Skeptical. B．Tolerant.
C．Conservative. D．Positive.
11．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A news review. B．A science magazine.
C．A travel brochure. D．A geography textbook.
【答案】8．A9．D10．D11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种有助于在不破坏野生动物栖息地的情况下推广无碳能源的新的数字工具。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Based on data on land-use, habitats, energy resources, etc., the tool uses a traffic-light model to identify sites suitable for development and sites to avoid. Fields like landfills are shown in green, wetland areas or rare species habitats are shown in red, while yellow shown areas indicate that closer examination of project impacts is necessary.( 该工具根据土地使用、栖息地、能源等数据，使用红绿灯模型来识别适合开发的地点和需要避免的地点。绿色为堆填区，红色为湿地或稀有物种栖息地，黄色则表示需要更仔细研究项目的影响。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了新工具是如何工作的。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Based on data on land-use, habitats, energy resources, etc. , the tool uses a traffic-light model to identify sites suitable for development and sites to avoid.( 该工具根据土地使用、栖息地、能源等数据，使用红绿灯模型来识别适合开发的地点和需要避免的地点。)”和文章第三段“Haggerty says, “We are in urgent need of this tool to help us fight climate change in a way that reduces impact on our valuable natural resources.”(哈格蒂说：“我们迫切需要这个工具，以帮助我们以一种减少对我们宝贵自然资源影响的方式对抗气候变化。”)”可知，新工具的功能是平衡清洁能源和野生动物栖息地。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Haggerty says, “We are in urgent need of this tool to help us fight climate change in a way that reduces impact on our valuable natural resources.”(哈格蒂说：“我们迫切需要这个工具，以帮助我们以一种减少对我们宝贵自然资源影响的方式对抗气候变化。”)”可推知，Haggerty对新工具的态度是积极的。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As we face climate change, a new digital tool helps expand carbon-free energy without damaging the wildlife habitats.(在我们面临气候变化之际，一种新的数字工具有助于在不破坏野生动物栖息地的情况下推广无碳能源。)”并结合下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种有助于在不破坏野生动物栖息地的情况下推广无碳能源的新的数字工具。由此推知，本文很有可能出现在科学杂志上。故选B。
16.【2022届安徽省江淮十校高三第三次联考】
After you finish your fries, eat the ketchup packet. When you add your pasta to boiling waler, put the bag into the pot, too. If these instructions sound confusing to you, it’s only because you haven’t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging. Notpla design director Karlijn Sibbel says they look lo nature as inspiration for the ideal packaging like the skin on a fruit. “A peel will eventually be used as nutrients by nature, and disappear and become a part of the cycle.” she said.
According to the UN, 9.15 billion tons of plastic has been produced since the early 1950s, and about 60% has been land-filled or abandoned outdoors. Micro-plastics, which are often the result of larger plastics breaking down, pollute the ocean, the air and our bodies. Over the past few years, there has been a growing movement against single-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary and harmful. In the US, some places have taken action: New York banned most plastic shopping bags, and in Miami Beach, plastic straws have been outlawed. “Overseas, the European Union put a broad ban on single-use plastics into effect this summer.” the government announced in August.
Notpla’s founders, Rodrigo Garoia González and Pierre Paslie, initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because “it is abundant, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops.” Sibbel explained. There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. Seaweed doesn’t use land; it doesn’t use pesticides. It can grow into the ocean and the sea, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in.
“As they scale up, Notpla’s team hopes seaweed could replace single-use plastic in the supply chain more broadly.” Sibbel said. But with the volume of plastics used around the world, she understands the enormity(巨大)of such a task. “I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything, but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes.” she said.
8．What does the author mainly talk about in the first paragraph?
A．The tasty food made from seaweed such as pasta.
B．Common functions of seaweed.
C．The famous company called Notpla.
D．Plastic packaging made from seaweed.
9．What can be learned about plastic pollution and solutions from the passage?
A．Micro-plastics can only be found in the sea.
B．The single-use plastics are considered avoidable by many experts.
C．More than half of the plastic produced has been land-filled.
D．The European Union and the US have completely slopped using single-use plastics.
10．Which is not the reason for the company’s founders turning to seaweed?
A．It is pesticide-free.
B．It is easily accessible.
C．It can grow on land.
D．It can do good to the ocean.
11．Which word best describes Karlijn Sibbel’s attitude to the future use of seaweed?
A．Optimistic.
B．Uncertain.
C．Negative.
D．Worried.
【答案】8．D9．B10．C11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了，随着塑料污染越来越严重，很多国家或地区已经采取措施应对。伦敦一家公司发明了以海草为原料的包装，从源头杜绝污染。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“If these instructions sound confusing to you, it’s only because you haven’t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging.(如果这些说明让你感到困惑，那是因为你还没有听说过Notpla，这是一家位于伦敦的初创公司，正在设计一种以海草为原材料的一次性塑料包装的替代品。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了由海草制成的塑料包装。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Over the past few years, there has been a growing movement against single-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary and harmful.(在过去的几年里，反对一次性塑料的运动越来越多，因为许多专家认为这些产品是不必要的，有害的。)”可推断，专家认为一次性塑料的使用是可以避免的。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Notpla’s founders, Rodrigo Garoia González and Pierre Paslie, initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because “it is abundant, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops.” There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. Seaweed
doesn’t use land; it doesn’t use pesticides. It can grow into the ocean and the sea, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in. (Notpla的创始人Rodrigo Garoia González 和Pierre Paslie最初将海草视为世界塑料问题的解决方案，因为“海草丰富、生长迅速，不会与陆地作物竞争。”Sibbel解释道。还有许多不同种类的海草，它们可以被收获或养殖。海草不占用土地；它不使用杀虫剂。它可以在海洋中生长，在海洋中它有很多积极的好处，所以它可以创造新的生态系统，让其他生物茁壮成长。)”可知，海草不会生长在地面。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything， but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes.(我不认为一种材料或一种解决方案能解决所有问题，但我们认为海藻确实符合正确的标准。)”可推断，她对此抱有乐观的态度。故选A。
17.【2022届云南省第二次高中毕业生复习统一检测】
Bella means beautiful, but Bella Hadid didn’t think she was when she was a teenager.
Supermodel Bella Hadid is finally coming clean about having plastic surgery (整形手术), but she is speaking out on her regret of having it done when she was 14, according to a Vogue report.
“I was the uglier sister. I wasn’t as pretty as my sister Gigi,”the twenty-five-year-old said. “That’s really what people said about me. And unfortunately when you get told things so many times, you do just believe it.”
“Now I wish I had kept the nose of my ancestors,” Hadid said.
Approximately 229, 000 cosmetic(整容的) surgeries were performed on teenagers between the ages of 13 to 19 in 2017, which accounted for approximately four percent of all cosmetic procedures.
But experts caution that rhinoplasty, otherwise known as a “nose job”, is not recommended until the growth of the nose is completed, which is typically around ages 15 to 16 in females and ages 16 to 18 in males, although in certain situations, such as a child with cleft lip(兔唇), the procedure may be performed earlier.
“Some teens are more psychologically mature than others, but it’s important to note that their brain development is not at a point where they can really think through long term implications(含 义) and the possible consequences,” said Dr. Diana Zuckerman, president of the National Center for Health Research.
Cosmetic procedures improve confidence in teenagers rather than the actual physical changes, especially for those who have poor self-esteem(自尊), according to Dr. Steven Pearlman, a facial plastic surgeon.
Zuckerman argues that in an ideal world, surgeons would delay certain surgeries in teens, while parents would work with their children to delay decisions of cosmetic procedures“... until a teenager is of age, like at least 18.”
8．What does the underlined phrase “coming clean about” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Admitting. B．Forgetting.
C．Denying. D．Opposing.
9．Why did Bella Hadid have cosmetic surgery at 14?
A．To develop her career.
B．To be better looking.
C．To please her sister.
D．To obey her parents.
10．According to the text, what is the experts’ attitude toward teenage cosmetic procedures?
A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Cautious. D．Supportive.
11．What does Dr. Zuckerman expect to happen?
A．Teenagers will regret having cosmetic surgery.
B．Certain children will receive an operation earlier.
C．Teenagers will delay cosmetic procedures.
D．Teenagers will grow in self-esteem.
【答案】8．A9．B10．C11．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了青少年进行整容手术这个社会现象。
8．词句猜测题。根据上文“Bella means beautiful, but Bella Hadid didn’t think she was when she was a teenager.(贝拉意味着美丽，但贝拉·哈迪德十几岁的时候并不认为自己是美丽的。)”和下文“but she is speaking out on her regret of having it done when she was 14, according to a Vogue report.( 但据《Vogue》报道，她公开表示，自己很后悔14岁时做了这个手术。)”可知，超级名模贝拉·哈迪德终于承认了自己做过整形手术的事实。coming clean about意为“承认”。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Bella means beautiful, but Bella Hadid didn’t think she was when she was a teenager.(贝拉意味着美丽，但贝拉·哈迪德十几岁的时候并不认为自己是美丽的。根据文章第三段““I was the uglier sister. I wasn’t as pretty as my sister Gigi,”the twenty-five-year-old said.“That’s really what people said about me. And unfortunately when you get told things so many times, you do just believe it.”(“我是那个更丑的姐姐。我没有我妹妹Gigi漂亮，”25岁的她说。“人们确实是这么说我的。不幸的是，当你被告知很多次的时候，你就会相信它。”)”可知，贝拉·哈迪德在14岁时做了整容手术是为了让自己看起来更漂亮。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段“But experts caution that rhinoplasty, otherwise known as a “nose job”, is not recommended until the growth of the nose is completed, which is typically around ages 15 to 16 in females and
ages 16 to 18 in males, although in certain situations, such as a child with cleft lip, the procedure may be performed earlier.(但专家警告说，鼻整形手术，也就是所谓的“鼻子整形”，在鼻子发育完成之前是不被推荐的。鼻子长完的时候，女性一般在15到16岁左右，男性在16到18岁左右，但在某些情况下，比如患有兔唇的儿童，可以更早做。)”可知，专家们对青少年整容手术持谨慎态度。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Zuckerman argues that in an ideal world, surgeons would delay certain surgeries in teens, while parents would work with their children to delay decisions of cosmetic procedures“... until a teenager is of age, like at least 18.”(祖克曼认为，在一个理想的世界里，外科医生会推迟青少年时期的某些手术，而父母会与孩子一起努力，推迟做整容手术的决定。“……直到青少年成年，比如至少18岁。”)”可知，Dr. Zuckerman期望青少年会推迟整容手术。故选C。
18.【2022届宁夏银川市高三质量检测（一模）】
In the near future, instead of going to your wardrobe (衣柜) to choose something to throw on for your next video call, you might turn to your virtual wardrobe to pick out a 3D digital dress to wear. At least, that's what a number of people in the fashion and tech space are relying on as more businesses look to the promise of digital fashion. Moreover, those virtual clothes won't just be for your video calls, but could eventually be worn all over the virtual world, and eventually, perhaps, viewed on your body in the real world through the Augmented Reality (AR) glasses.
“There are more and more second worlds' where you can express yourself. But there is probably an underestimation of the value being attached to individuals who want to express themselves in a virtual world with a virtual product, through a virtual image,”a marketing officer Robert said. As the field develops, there are two ways of using digital clothes—wearing them yourself through AR and providing digital clothes for your virtual body.
But why should we replace our physical clothes? Supporters say there's unlimited creative expression through digital clothes, which now look increasingly more elegant thanks to developments in 3D and AR technology. “Clothing represents an expression of a personality. It always exists in the physical world, and it will exist in the virtual world,” said Simon Whitehouse, a designer.
He explained, “From the brand side, it's incredibly profitable to sell clothes without producing physical clothes. It's reinventing an entire supply chain. There's no water usage, there's very limited CO2 emission. There are no samples being sent out or returned. There are no show rooms, and there's no physical prototype (实物模型).”
12．What can you probably do in the near future according to paragraph 1?
A．Open a virtual fashion clothing store.
B．Design 3D digital clothes for yourself.
C．Buy a bigger wardrobe for your bedroom.
D．Wear virtual clothes made by digital technology.
13．What can we infer from Simon's words in paragraph 3?
A．AR technology will bring a challenge to people.
B．One's character will be seen in the virtual world.
C．Digital clothes will be more convenient for people.
D．One's expression only can be seen in the physical world.
14．What is Simon's attitude to digital clothing?
A．Approving. B．Doubtful.
C．Unclear. D．Grateful.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．The increase in AR glasses. B．The digital fashion in the future.
C．The virtual body in digital clothes. D．AR glasses made by new technology.
【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虚拟服装的概念，以及其未来的发展趋势。虚拟服装可能不仅存在于虚拟世界，还会进入现实世界。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Moreover, those virtual clothes won't just be for your video calls, but could eventually be worn all over the virtual world, and eventually, perhaps, viewed on your body in the real world through the Augmented Reality (AR) glasses. (此外，这些虚拟衣服将不仅仅为视频通话服务，而是可以穿在整个虚拟世界中，最终也许可以通过AR眼镜看你穿在现实世界中。)”可知，在未来，人们可能会穿由数字科技制成的虚拟服装。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段““Clothing represents an expression of a personality. It always exists in the physical world, and it will exist in the virtual world,” said Simon Whitehouse, a designer. (“服装是一种个性的表达。它总是存在于真实世界中，也将存在于虚拟世界中。”设计师Simon Whitehouse说。)”可知，Simon认为虚拟世界的服装也可以表达人的个性。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He explained, “From the brand side, it's incredibly profitable to sell clothes without producing physical clothes. It's reinventing an entire supply chain. There's no water usage, there's very limited CO2 emission. There are no samples being sent out or returned. There are no show rooms, and there's no physical
prototype.” (他解释说："从品牌方角度看，在不生产实体服装的情况下销售服装是非常有利可图的。这是对整个供应链的重塑。不使用水，二氧化碳的排放量就非常有限。不用发货退货。不需要展示厅，也不用实物模型。")”可知，Simon认为虚拟服装有很多好处。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章介绍了虚拟服装的概念，以及其未来的发展趋势。虚拟服装可能不仅存在于虚拟世界，还会进入现实世界。故选B项。
19.【2022届内蒙古通辽市高三4月模拟】
Nicolas Maire is the model of a professional French chef with years of experience. To help perfect the flavors of the innovative foods, Mr. Maire has a new assistant chef in the form of Sam, an artificial intelligence robot.
Along with a team of flavorists, Sam helps blend a huge group of flavors for clients. In humans the sense of taste stems from multiple receptors (感受器) that are ready to make our brains aware of the nature of any possible food we encounter. Sam lacks this sense of taste, but it has been trained on a database of ingredients gathered over 60 years at the company of Firmenich, a business with a perfume industry origin stretching back to 1895. Using a technique called machine learning, it has raced through examples of flavor combinations and has learnt its own definitions, maturing over 18 months into today's AI robot.
Eric Saracchi runs the digital side of Firmenich. “Flavors are more complex than perfumes,” he says, “and Sam had to understand what a strawberry is or how roasted beef hits the tongue, before finding matches between tastes and foodstuffs (食品).”
One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias (认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.
The machine rapidly gives an indication of how a flavor can be created and how much of an ingredient should be included. And Sam can hold the line between Saracchi's team of flavorists and public tastes, refereeing decisions when the flavorists’ view differs from that of a consumer group.
12．What does Sam do together with many flavorists?
A．It helps activate humans' tastes.
B．It mixes a series of flavors for guests.
C．It creates a database of ingredients.
D．It makes all kinds of foods very creative.
13．What is Saracchi's attitude towards the AI robot Sam?
A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Unknown. D．Doubtful.
14．Where can you find the outstanding feature of an AI chef?
A．In paragraph 1. B．In paragraph 2. C．In paragraph 3. D．In paragraph 4.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Nicolas Maire Owns Some AI Assistant Chefs
B．Sam, the First AI Chef in the World
C．Why French Chefs Like AI Assistants
D．Why Chefs Are Turning to AI
【答案】12．B13．B14．D15．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了厨师们利用人工智能机器人Sam来让食品的口味变得更加完美。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Along with a team of flavorists, Sam helps blend a huge group of flavors for clients.(山姆和一群调味师一起，为客户混合了大量的口味)”可知，Sam为顾客调配各种口味。和B项内容一致。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias (认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.(人工智能机器人的一大优势是它没有认知偏见。这种人类偏见的缺乏帮助菲尔曼尼奇克服了任何无意识的口味学家的倾向。山姆不受可以影响到最专业的调味师的一些因素的影响，这种客观性，使它可以更快速地工作。萨拉奇说：它结合了这里所有其他调香师的知识，从而增加了价值)”可知，通过结合这里其他所有调味师的知识来增加了价值。所以Saracchi对AI厨师Sam的态度是积极的。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。 根据第四段“One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias (认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.(人工智能机器人的一大优势是它没有认知偏见。这种人类偏见的缺乏帮助菲尔曼尼奇克服了任何无意识的口味学家的倾向。山姆不受可以影响到最专业的调味师的一些因素的影响，这种客观性，使它可以更快速地工作。萨拉奇说：它结合了这里所有其他调香师的知识，从而增加了价值)”
可知，该段主要介绍了AI厨师Sam的突出的特点。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nicolas Maire is the model of a professional French chef with years of experience. To help perfect the flavors of the innovative foods, Mr. Maire has a new assistant chef in the form of Sam, an artificial intelligence robot.( Nicolas Maire是一个具有多年经验的专业法国厨师的典范。为了让这些创新食物的味道更完美，梅尔请了一个新的助理厨师——人工智能机器人山姆)”可知,本文介绍梅尔有了机器人助理厨师,全文在分析机器人厨师的优势，厨师们利用机器人厨师来让食品的口味变得更加完美。AI厨师可以更快更好地调配出不同的美味，满足不同顾客的需求,这也是梅尔之所以使用机器人助理厨师的原因。由此可知，D项Why Chefs Are Turning to AI(为什么厨师正在转向使用AI机器人)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D项。
20.【江苏省南通如皋市2022届高三4月第二次适应性考试】
When people hear the news that David Bennett, recipient of the world’s first pig heart transplant, died on March 9, they might believe that the transplant was at fault. But in fact his transplant surgery represents a great step forward in medical history toward xenotransplantation (异种器官移植) success.
His death came just two months after the operation Jan 7. He was ineligible (不合格的) for the heart transplant list and xenotransplantation was, his only option. The fact that he was able to get two more months of life with the surgery proves its success.
Xenotransplantation has been a hot topic in medical research for decades, as doctors and scientists look for ways to solve the transplant waiting list crisis. In the US alone over-100,000 patients are on the transplant list waiting for new organs. Many of them will die before getting their chance to receive a heart or lung or kidney. Therefore, medical science has looked to animal organs as a viable (可行的) alternative.
Doctors have experimented with xenotransplantation since the early 20th century but it has not been widely successful for two main reasons. First, it is incredibly difficult for even human-to-human transplants to be successful due to organ rejection. It is much harder with animal organs. Second, xenotransplantation has been highly restricted due to feat of virus transmissions from primates or pigs. In the late 1990s, some countries placed strict guidelines or outright bans on the use of animal tissue and organs for people.
Aside from Bennett’s gene-edited pig heart, late last year doctors New York University achieved some success in attaching pig kidneys to human blood vessels outside the body in patients on life support. Meanwhile, at the University of Alabama, doctors managed to actually implant (移植) gene-edited pig kidneys into a patient on life support.
Though these recent successes have been short-lived, they show that there may be a way to help more people
with gene-edited organs from pigs.
8．What do we know about the surgery?
A．It was one of the best choices for the patient.
B．It stands for the advances made in xenotransplantation.
C．It was the first successful xenotransplantation in history.
D．Without it, the patient would have lived two months longer.
9．Why do scientists experiment with xenotransplantation?
A．To help patients recover from organ failure.
B．To find a practical alternative to human organs.
C．To make animal organs more useful to humans.
D．To ease the shortage of human organs for transplant.
10．What may be the main concern about xenotransplantation?
A．The risk of spreading diseases.
B．The problem of public rejection.
C．The effects on other organs and tissues.
D．The damage to patients’ immune systems.
11．What’s the author’s attitude toward the prospect of using pig organs for transplants?
A．Positive. B．Worried.
C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain.
【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了9日，世界首例猪心脏移植手术的受者大卫•班尼特去世的消息传出后，人们可能会认为是移植手术有问题。但事实上，他的移植手术代表了医学史上向着异种移植成功迈出的一大步。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But in fact his transplant surgery represents a great step forward in medical history toward xenotransplantation (异种器官移植) success.(但事实上，他的移植手术代表了医学史上向着异种移植成功迈出的一大步。)”可知，这项调查代表了异种移植方面的进展。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Xenotransplantation has been a hot topic in medical research for decades, as doctors and scientists look for ways to solve the transplant waiting list crisis.(异种移植几十年来一直是医学研究的热点话题，医生和科学家都在寻找解决移植等待名单危机的方法。)”
可知，为了缓解人体器官移植的短缺，科学家们进行了异种移植实验。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Second, xenotransplantation has been highly restricted due to feat of virus transmissions from primates or pigs.(第二，由于病毒能从灵长类动物或猪身上传播，异种移植一直受到高度限制。)”可知，疾病传播的风险可能是异种移植的主要担忧。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Though these recent successes have been short-lived, they show that there may be a way to help more people with gene-edited organs from pigs.(尽管这些最近的成功是短暂的，但它们表明，也许有一种方法可以用猪的基因编辑器官来帮助更多的人。)”可知，作者对使用猪器官进行移植的前景持肯定态度。故选A。
21.【2022届海南省高考全真模拟卷（三）】
Our screens give out all kinds of light, especially blue light. Blue light, the argument goes, can affect your eye health, your sleeping patterns, and your health. Blue light glasses—technically they should be called “blue light blocking glasses”—filter out blue light, letting in the other wavelengths of light, thus theoretically reducing the danger that blue light presents. Blue light glasses are designed to reduce what’s known as digital eye strain (疲劳), or DES. There are many symptoms associated with DES, including headaches, dry eyes, and unclear vision.
How effective are blue light glasses? We’ll start with the bad news: there is no evidence that blue light glasses have any effect on eye strain from digital screens. In fact, one British glasses dealer was actually fined for indicating that blue light glasses can protect against DES, given that there’s no scientific evidence of this. What’s more likely is that DES is caused by overuse, or misuse of eyes. After all, the sun is a substantially more powerful provider of blue light than our screens, and it has been decidedly proved that DES isn’t associated with the sun at all. The general agreement is that DES is caused by spending too long, staring too hard, and sitting too close to our screens. Health experts generally recommend taking breaks to prevent DES, rather than relying on blue light glasses.
But there is one thing that blue light glasses might help with. Some studies have indicated that blue light can be bad for our circadian rhythms (生理节奏). In other words, exposure to blue light could make it harder to fall asleep. There haven’t been enough studies to tell if blue light glasses, worn for a few hours before bed, could help you sleep better, but it’s not out of the question.
That said, there are interesting reports of people loving their blue light glasses. Even if it’s just the placebo (安慰剂) effect, well, that can be incredibly powerful, and if it works on you, keep doing it.
12．What does the underlined part “filter out” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Appear or happen gradually. B．Remove something particular.
C．Bring something into existence. D．Tell something apart from others.
13．What is DES likely caused by?
A．The blinding sun light. B．Unfit and cheap glasses.
C．Improper use of eyes. D．All kinds of natural blue light.
14．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about blue light glasses?
A．They may be good for sleep. B．They can excite people.
C．They can help with nothing. D．They are bad for circadian rhythms.
15．What is the author’s attitude to blue light glasses?
A．Intolerant. B．Optimistic.
C．Objective. D．Conservative.
【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是防蓝光眼镜对缓解数字屏幕造成的眼睛疲劳是否真的有用。
12．词句猜测题。根据划线短语前面的“Blue light glasses—technically they should be called “blue light blocking glasses””(蓝光眼镜——严格来说，它们应该被称为“蓝光阻挡眼镜”)”和划线短语后面的“letting in the other wavelengths of light(让其他波长的光进入)”可知，蓝光眼镜可以过滤掉蓝光，因此划线短语意为“过滤”。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“What’s more likely is that DES is caused by overuse, or misuse of eyes. After all, the sun is a substantially more powerful provider of blue light than our screens(更有可能的是DES是由过度使用或误用眼睛引起的。毕竟，太阳提供的蓝光比我们的屏幕要强大得多)”可知，数字眼疲劳是由使用屏幕时错误的用眼习惯造成的。故选C。
14．主旨大意题。通读第三段内容且根据第三段的“There haven’t been enough studies to tell if blue light glasses, worn for a few hours before bed, could help you sleep better, but it’s not out of the question.(还没有足够的研究来证明睡前戴上几个小时的蓝光眼镜是否能帮助你睡得更好，但这不是不可能的。)”可知，本段主要讲述蓝光眼镜可能会对睡眠有帮助。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We’ll start with the bad news: there is no evidence that blue light glasses have any effect on eye strain from digital screens.(我们先从坏消息说起:没有证据表明蓝光眼镜对数字屏幕造成的眼睛疲劳有任何影响。)”及最后一段的“Even if it’s just the placebo (安慰剂) effect, well, that can be incredibly powerful, and if it works on you, keep doing
it.(即使只是安慰剂效应，那也会非常有效，如果对你有效，那就坚持下去。)”可知，作者既陈述了蓝光眼镜可能真的没什么用，但是也认为如果自己觉得有用也可以继续戴，因此作者对于蓝光眼镜持客观的态度。故选C。
22.【山东省德州市2021-2022学年高三4月联合质量测评】
Cigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.
While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.
“I was absolutely surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”
To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends were sealed away, the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.
After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions. When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days at a time, especially in the heat.
8．What do the researchers say about cigarette ends?
A．They contain little nicotine.
B．They produce no nicotine five days later.
C．They give off nicotine for days.
D．They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.
9．What do Poppendieck’s words suggest?
A．First-hand smoking does most harm.
B．The findings are within his expectation.
C．Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.
D．Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.
10．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days?
A．Unclear. B．Disapproving. C．Unconcerned. D．Puzzled.
11．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful Chemicals
B．Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being Smoked
C．Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends’ Harm
D．Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the Heat
【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，香烟不仅在燃烧时有害，甚至在彻底熄灭后烟蒂依然会释放有害化学物质。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.( 美国食品和药物管理局的一项分析发现，虽然这些化学物质大部分在排放后的一天内被释放出来，但五天后尼古丁的含量只下降了50%。)”可知，烟熄灭后，尼古丁的浓度在五天以后仅下降一半，也就是说熄灭的烟蒂好几天内都会释放尼古丁。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中Poppendieck所说的“While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter. (虽然人们已经很关注吸一手烟、二手烟以及现在的三手烟对健康的影响，但当涉及到真正的香烟时，情况却并非如此。)”可推断，人们不像关注一手烟、二手烟和三手烟对健康的影响那样关注烟蒂对健康的影响，即它对健康的影响被忽视了。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. (例如，当房间的空气温度较高时，他们注意到这些烟蒂会以更快的速度产生这些化学物质。)”可知，温度高时，烟蒂释放有害的化学物质的速度更快。再根据“This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days at a time, especially in the heat. (这一发现可能会让那些想把烟灰缸放在外面好几天的人打消念头，尤其是在炎热的天气里。)”可知，作者并不认同好几天不清理烟灰缸的做法。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，根据全文，特别是文章第一段“Even when cigarette ends go out and are
cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. ”概括了主题，即研究发现吸完的烟蒂会释放有害化学物质。所以“Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful Chemicals(吸完的烟头会释放有害的化学物质)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
23.【2022届重庆市育才中学高三下学期二诊模拟考试（二）】
Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), perhaps the most famous artist in the world, is perceived by many as the “mad” artist. His artistic genius is often overshadowed by those who see his paintings as only visual expressions of his troubled mind. While in part this may be true, in reality his innovative and unique artistic style was of enormous importance to a host of artists who followed in his wake. Even when openly influenced by his predecessors or contemporaries (前辈或同辈), his art remained identifiably his own, developing a distinctive style that failed to be accepted by the art-buying public in his own time. The career of Vincent van Gogh as a painter was short, but his extraordinary boldness of his technique created masterpieces that exercise a profound influence on the art of the twentieth century.
Although the artist’s first formal job after leaving school was art-related, he did not actually begin painting until years later. At 16, Vincent van Gogh entered an apprenticeship (学徒身份) at his uncle’s branch of Goupil & Cie, a Paris-based art dealership. The position involved travel and certainly exposure to the contemporary art of his day, but van Gogh would move on to religious work and a bookseller before producing the first Van Gogh painting.
His earliest works, completed from 1881 through 1883, reflect a new-comer’s attention to detail as well as hints of the new genius that would fully emerge in his later paintings. Although his sketches and watercolor drawings may, at first glance, seem two-dimensional and amateurish, they are fascinating in terms of their testament to the van Gogh’s early studies in Realism.
Vincent van Gogh produced his first drawings while staying at his parents’ home in Etten, the Netherlands, schooled chiefly by books on artistic technique. The artist restricted his first drawings to a black and white palette (调色板), believing mastery of this discipline to be essential before attempting works in color.
8．Why do many people think of van Gogh as a mad artist according to paragraph 1?
A．Because his artistic style failed to be accepted by the public.
B．Because his art was openly influenced by others and lacked his own style.
C．Because his paintings proved to be untrue from the perspective of reality.
D．Because his painting were often seen as confusing expressions of his mind.
9．What does paragraph 2 mainly want to tell us?
A．Vincent van Gogh was rarely exposed to art before producing paintings.
B．Vincent van Gogh lived a miserable life before becoming a painter.
C．Vincent van Gogh experienced many different jobs before painting.
D．Vincent van Gogh was also successful in many other fields besides art.
10．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs of the text?
A．Vincent van Gogh had difficulty in distinguishing different colors.
B．Vincent van Gogh had great abilities in teaching and training himself.
C．People thought highly of Vincent van Gogh’s earliest works at first sight.
D．Vincent van Gogh preferred staying at home to going to school while drawing.
11．What is probably the author’s attitude towards Vincent van Gogh?
A．Appreciative. B．Suspicious.
C．Objective. D．Confused.
【答案】8．D9．C10．B11．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作为世界级画坛巨匠，梵高的作品一直受世人追捧，本文简要地描述了一些梵高的绘画与生活。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), perhaps the most famous artist in the world, is perceived by many as the “mad” artist. His artistic genius is often overshadowed by those who see his paintings as only visual expressions of his troubled mind. (文森特·梵高(1853-1890)，也许是世界上最著名的艺术家，被许多人视为“疯狂”的艺术家。他的艺术天才常常被那些认为他的画只是他困惑的心灵的视觉表达的人所掩盖)”可知，有些人时常把他的绘画看成只是对他困扰的心灵视觉上的表达，这使他的艺术天赋被蒙上了阴影，因此他被很多人视为“疯狂”的艺术家。故选D项。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Although the artist’s first formal job after leaving school was art-related, he did not actually begin painting until years later. At 16, Vincent van Gogh entered an apprenticeship (学徒身份) at his uncle’s branch of Goupil & Cie, a Paris-based art dealership. The position involved travel and certainly exposure to the contemporary art of his day, but van Gogh would move on to religious work and a bookseller before producing the first Van Gogh painting. (虽然这位艺术家离开学校后的第一份正式工作与艺术有关，但他实际上直到多年后才开始画画。16岁时，文森特·梵高在他叔叔的巴黎艺术品经销店Goupil & Cie分店当学徒。这个职位需要旅行，当然也要接触他那个时代的当代艺术，但梵高在创作梵高的第一幅画之前，还从事了宗教工作和书商工作)”内容可知，第二段主要说明文森特·梵高在画画之前从事过很多不同的工作。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“...schooled chiefly by books on artistic technique. The artist restricted his first drawings to a black and white palette (调色板), believing mastery of this discipline to be essential before attempting works in color.(……主要通过艺术技巧书籍学习。这位艺术家将他最初的画作限制在黑白调色板上，认为在尝试彩色作品之前，掌握这一学科是必不可少的)”可以推断出，梵高是个自学能力强，并且在绘画技艺训练上有自己的方法，在自学和自我训练方面有很强的能力。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“While in part this may be true, in reality his innovative and unique artistic style was of enormous importance to a host of artists who followed in his wake. ... but his extraordinary boldness of his technique created masterpieces that exercise a profound influence on the art of the twentieth century. (虽然这在某种程度上可能是真的，但实际上，他的创新和独特的艺术风格对许多追随他的艺术家来说是非常重要的……但他非凡的大胆创作手法，创造了对20世纪艺术产生深远影响的杰作)”可知，作者对于梵高的艺术风格和技艺给予了很高的评价，由此推知，作者是欣赏梵高的。故选A项。
24.【2022届湖南省岳阳市高三下学期二模】
The new TV series Joy of Life is a hit, scoring 8/10 among the most critical reviewers of Douban, a Chinese social networking service website. The series premiered(首映)on Tencent Video and iQiyi(online video platforms)on November 26,2019.
But how would you feel if Tencent Video and iQiyi allowed anyone to pay an extra fee to see a show’s upcoming episodes(集)ahead of schedule? The two of China’s biggest video streaming platforms decided to allow users to pay an extra fee on top of their subscription(订阅)to get advanced access to episodes of Qing Yu Nian(Joy of Life). Monthly subscriptions for Tencent Video cost 15 yuan(US$ 2.14)and iQiyi charges 19 yuan(US$ 2.71). Under the new policy, users could pay 50 yuan(US$ 7.14)to always stay six episodes ahead in Qing Yu Nian. Alternatively, watching a single episode in advance costs 3 yuan(US$ 0.43).
Users are mad about Tencent Video’s and iQiyi’s extra fees on top of subscriptions. On Weibo, a Chinese microblogging website, tags related to the two platforms’ pricing policies repeatedly recurred on trending searches, where many people were found complaining about the platforms being greedy and called for the audience to boycott the policy.
The policy also drew criticism from People’s Daily. The state-owned newspaper said the platforms “have bad table manners” and “drain the pond to fish and burn the woods to hunt,” which are Chinese idioms used to describe someone focusing on quick profits as opposed to long-term interests. People’s Daily also said the sites look down upon on users’ rights. ” Two lawyers apparently agreed. The lawyers, who claim to be users of Tencent Video and
iQiyi, started two separate cases, saying that they violated users’ rights.
But some experts don’t think the new pricing rules are unreasonable. Zhu Wei, a professor at the China University of Political Science and Law, argued in an article that charging outside subscriptions are value-added services and don’t violate the law. But Zhu added that the platforms are at fault for not properly informing users about the policy in advance.
In the face of extreme competition and perhaps an ambitious business model, China’s streaming giants are hoping that additional charges could turn their luck around. But judging by the pushback on social media, it may not be so easy. It’s hoped that the next stage of this streaming war is a little more friendly.
24．According to the new policy,how much will the subscribers pay in total if they want to watch six episodes on Tencent Video in advance?
A．50 yuan. B．18 yuan. C．65 yuan. D．69 yuan.
25．What is the author’s attitude towards the new policy?
A．Indifferent. B．Neutral. C．Favorable. D．Critical.
26．What does the underlined word “recurred” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Appear. B．Perform. C．Attract. D．Serve.
27．What is the best title of the passage?
A．A well-received TV play. B．An actor loved by the audience.
C．A debatable charging policy. D．A TV play worthy of money.
【答案】24．C25．D26．A27．C
【解析】本文为一篇新闻报道，介绍了两大视频网站腾讯视频和爱奇艺的额外收费政策及其带来的社会讨论。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Monthly subscriptions for Tencent Video cost 15 yuan(US$ 2.14)and iQiyi charges 19 yuan(US$ 2.71). Under the new policy, users could pay 50 yuan(US$ 7.14)to always stay six episodes ahead in Qing Yu Nian.”（腾讯视频的月费为15元（2.14美元），爱奇艺的月费为19元（2.71美元）。在新政策下，用户可以支付50元（7.14美元）在《庆余年》中提前看6集。）可知，如果想要在腾讯视频上提前看六集电视剧，一共要支付50元+15元，一共65元。故选C项。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Users are mad about Tencent Video’s and iQiyi’s extra fees on top of subscriptions.”（用户们对腾讯视频和爱奇艺在订阅之外收取额外费用感到愤怒。）及第四段“The policy also drew criticism from People’s Daily.”（这项政策也招致了《人民日报》的批评。 ）并结合文章最后一段“In the
face of extreme competition and perhaps an ambitious business model, China’s streaming giants are hoping that additional charges could turn their luck around. But judging by the pushback on social media, it may not be so easy. It’s hoped that the next stage of this streaming war is a little more friendly.”（面对激烈的竞争和或许雄心勃勃的商业模式，中国的流媒体巨头们希望，额外的收费可以扭转他们的命运。但从社交媒体上的反驳来看，这可能没那么容易。 希望这场流媒体战争的下一阶段能更友好一些。）可推知，作者对于两大视频网站额外收取费用的新政策持批判态度。故选D项。
26．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“On Weibo, a Chinese microblogging website, tags related to the two platforms’ pricing policies repeatedly recurred on trending searches, where many people were found complaining about the platforms being greedy and called for the audience to boycott the policy.”（在中国的微博网站新浪微博上，与这两个平台的定价政策相关的标签在热门搜索中反复……，很多人抱怨这两个平台太贪心，并呼吁观众抵制这一政策。）可知，这两个平台的定价政策相关的标签在热门搜索中反复出现，appear（出现）与recur近义。故选A项。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“But how would you feel if Tencent Video and iQiyi allowed anyone to pay an extra fee to see a show’s upcoming episodes ahead of schedule? The two of China’s biggest video streaming platforms decided to allow users to pay an extra fee on top of their subscription to get advanced access to episodes of Qing Yu Nian(Joy of Life).”（但如果腾讯视频和爱奇艺允许任何人支付额外费用提前观看节目，你会怎么想？中国最大的两家视频流媒体平台决定，用户可以在订阅的基础上额外付费，提前观看《庆余年》的剧集。）及下文可知，本文介绍了两大视频网站腾讯视频和爱奇艺的额外收费政策及其带来的社会讨论。A debatable charging policy.“一项有争议的收费政策”适合作为本文最佳标题。故选C项。
25.【2022届广东省佛山市高三普通高中4月教学质量检测二（二模）】
The time a person spends on different smartphone apps is enough to identify them from a larger group in more than one in three cases, say researchers.
Researchers analyzed smartphone data from 780 people. They fed 4,680 days of app usage data into statistical models. Each of these days was paired with one of the 780 users so that the models learned people’s daily app use patterns.
The researchers then tested whether models could identify an individual when provided with only a single day of smartphone activity that was anonymous (匿名的). The models, which were trained on only six days of app usage data per person, could identify the correct person from a day of anonymous data one third of the time.
That might not sound like much, but when the models predict who the data belonged to, it could also provide a
list of the most to the least likely candidates. It was possible to view the top 10 most likely individuals that a specific day of data belonged to. Around 75% of the time, the correct user would be among the top 10 most likely candidates.
In practical terms, a law enforcement (执法机构) investigation seeking to identify a criminal’s new phone with these models could reduce a candidate pool of approximately 1,000 phones to 10 phones, with a 25% risk of missing them.
Consequently, the researchers warn that software given access to a smartphone’s standard activity logging could make a reasonable prediction about a user’s identity even when they were logged-out of their account. An identification is possible without monitoring conversations or behaviors within apps themselves.
Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that app usage data alone, which is often collected by a smartphone automatically, can potentially reveal a person’s identity. While providing new opportunities for law enforcement, it also poses risks to privacy if this type of data is misused.
12．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To explain a phenomenon.
B．To confirm an assumption.
C．To show a research process.
D．To present a research finding.
13．How did the researchers reach their conclusion?
A．By recording app use time.
B．By studying app usage data.
C．By comparing different apps.
D．By changing app use patterns.
14．What is the function of the statistical models?
A．Locating criminals.
B．Tracking usage of apps.
C．Identifying phone users.
D．Predicting trends of apps.
15．What is the author’s attitude towards app usage data?
A．Cautious. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.
【答案】12．D13．B14．C15．A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明一个人使用智能手机应用程序留下的数据可以泄露个人身份。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The time a person spends on different smartphone apps is enough to identify them from a larger group in more than one in three cases, say researchers.( 研究人员表示，在超过三分之一的案例中，一个人在不同的智能手机应用程序上花费的时间足以从一个更大的群体中识别出他们。)”以及下文对这项研究的讲述可知，本文的目的是呈现一项研究发现。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Researchers analyzed smartphone data from 780 people. They fed 4,680 days of app usage data into statistical models. Each of these days was paired with one of the 780 users so that the models learned people’s daily app use patterns.( 研究人员分析了780人的智能手机数据。他们将4680天的应用使用数据输入到统计模型中。每天与780名用户中的一名进行配对，以便于这些模型可以了解人们的日常应用使用模式。)”可推断，研究人员通过研究应用程序的使用数据来得出结论。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The researchers then tested whether models could identify an individual when provided with only a single day of smartphone activity that was anonymous (匿名的). The models, which were trained on only six days of app usage data per person, could identify the correct person from a day of anonymous data one third of the time.(研究人员随后测试，当只提供一天的匿名智能手机活动时，模型能否识别出个人。这些模型只接受了六天的应用程序使用数据训练，就可以在这个时间的三分之一的时间里从一天的匿名数据中识别出正确的人。)”可知，这些模型的功能是识别手机用户。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that app usage data alone, which is often collected by a smartphone automatically, can potentially reveal a person’s identity. While providing new opportunities for law enforcement, it also poses risks to privacy if this type of data is misused.( 因此，认识到仅仅是应用程序使用数据，这经常是智能手机自动收集的，就可能会泄露一个人的身份是重要的。在为执法提供新机会的同时，如果这类数据被滥用，也会给隐私带来风险。)”可推断，作者对待应用程序使用数据的态度是谨慎的。故选A。
26.【河北省保定市部分学校2021-2022学年高三下学期3月联考】
New Zealand introduced its new climate change curriculum (课程) to schools in January, but not everyone is happy about it. Dairy farmer Malcolm Lumsden told reporters, “If they're going to continue to bite the hand that feeds them, they're going to lose out in the long term.”
The curriculum, which is available to any schools that choose to use it, does point to industrial agriculture as being a major source of greenhouse gas emission. It encourages students to “eat less dairy and meat, have meatless
days each week, eat more fruit and vegetables, drive less, recycle and buy second-hand products when possible”. Some of these suggestions, however, are being challenged for not being scientifically sound.
But animal agriculture is widely accepted in the scientific world as a driver of emissions, particularly methane (甲烷), which warms the Earth 86 times faster than carbon dioxide. A brand new study has shown that cutting the consumption of animal products by 50% would reduce dietary-related greenhouse gas emissions by 35%. It is just one of countless other studies that have made similar conclusions.
Kids aren’t clueless (笨的). They hear about the coming global catastrophe (灾难). They deserve to be given the tools with which to comprehend it and to take action. They deserve the knowledge with which to make their own decisions. The curriculum is a response to kids “really crying out for something like this”, in the words of an official from New Zealand.
There isn't about biting the hand that feeds, but rather engaging in thoughtful debate over how humans could be fed in ways that are better and gentler for the planet. Livestock farmers shouldn't be so offended, but rather be open to this debate so as not to become outdated or irrelevant.
8．What's Lumsden's attitude towards the new curriculum?
A．Unconcerned. B．Disapproving. C．Ambiguous. D．Skeptical.
9．What does the new curriculum include?
A．Advocating green lifestyles. B．Blaming traditional agriculture.
C．Challenging experts' suggestions. D．Forbidding eating dairy and meat.
10．What does the underlined word “this" in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．A chance to get knowledge. B．The global catastrophe.
C．The new curriculum. D．A farming tool.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Stop Biting the Hand That Feeds One
B．A New Curriculum Favoured by New Zealanders
C．A Heated Debate Between Scientists and Farmers
D．Farmers Are Offended by a Climate Change Curriculum
【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中论述了新西兰开设气候变化课程的必要性，以及农民应有的正确态度。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Dairy farmer Malcolm Lumsden told reporters, “If they're going to continue to bite the hand that feeds them, they're going to lose out in the long term.”（畜牧工人Lumsden告诉记者：“如果他们继续恩将仇报，在长远看来，他们肯定会失败的”。）”可知，他对该课程是持反对态度的，故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It encourages students to “eat less dairy and meat, have meatless days each week, eat more fruit and vegetables, drive less, recycle and buy second-hand products when possible”（这门课程鼓励学生‘少吃奶制品和肉，每周几天不吃肉，多吃蔬菜、水果，少开车，如果可能的话，循环利用或买二手产品’。）”可知，此门课程倡导环保的生活方式。故选A。
10．词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“The curriculum is a response to kids “really crying out for something like this”,（这门课程是对孩子们“真正迫切需要向这样的课程的”回应，）”可知，此处的this指代前文所说的“the curriculum”，孩子们懂得全球环境灾难，孩子们需要这方面的知识来武装自己，正确面对并应对，故孩子们需要something like this，此处表示孩子们需要这种倡导环保的课程，故选C。
11．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文的主要内容是关于新西兰开设的气候变化课程让农民感觉受到了冒犯。作者针对这一点提出了自己的观点，认为工业化的农民确实对环境带来了不好的影响，农民应对此持开放态度。故D项“农民被一门气候变化课程所冒犯”符合文章标题，故选D。
27.【河北省保定市2021-2022学年下学期高三七校联合模拟第一次考试】
Mineralizing rivers, desalting oceans, drilling into the ground, there are many different ways to access drinking water in places where it’s in short supply. But with overpopulation, climate change and increasing water shortage, innovators have been on the lookout for a new solution — and some are convinced the answer is up in the air.
SOURCE Global is one of the many companies around the world extracting (提取) water from the air, with the hope of helping unwatered communities. However, its technology has a sustainable change. Its devices, named Hydropanels, are powered by built-in solar panels.
“You’re able to harvest water from the air using solar power and nothing else, no need for electricity, no need for a grid, no need for infrastructure — it’s perfectly self-sufficient,” explains Vahid Fotuhi, the company’s vice president.
Atmospheric water generators (AWGs), like SOURCE’s, are machines that produce drinkable water from surrounding air. These devices have been around for about a decade and traditionally they’re based on condensation — cooling water vapor to collect water. This process, however, can consume a lot of electricity and many of these early technologies only work in places with high air humidity (湿气). These limits are what urged SOURCE to
develop a more flexible and sustainable solution.
Its solar panels power a fan that draws in air. Inside the device, the air travels through a sponge-like (海绵样的) material that traps the water vapor. SOURCE has fixed its Hydropanels around the world at hospitals, schools and work sites that have difficulty accessing water. It has also attracted commercial clients — particularly in countries catering to tourists in isolated landscapes, such as the desert.
According to Keith Hays, vice president of Bluefield Research, SOURCE’s design is different from other AWGs because it combines solar-based power supply and water capture mechanism within the same structure, enabling off-network operation. “Other systems usually have a separate panel or connect to the network,” he explains.
12．What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．The pollution of drinking water. B．The shortage of drinking water.
C．The solutions to drinkable water shortage. D．The potential markets of drinkable water.
13．Why is SOURCE looking for new solutions?
A．AWGs’ designs are too traditional. B．AWGs’ process is no longer satisfactory.
C．AWGs’ equipment has been used too long. D．AWGs fail to work in areas with high air humidity.
14．What might be a more pleasing result of SOURCE’s design?
A．It can provide schools with free water. B．Water is available in remote desert areas.
C．Water in hospitals has become cleaner. D．It can promote local tourism.
15．What is Keith Hays’ attitude to the design of SOURCE?
A．Conservative. B．Critical. C．Approving. D．Doubtful.
【答案】12．C13．B14．B15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了SOURCE Global 开发出了更加灵活和可持续的饮用水短缺的解决方案。
12．主旨大大意题。根据第一段“Mineralizing rivers, desalting oceans, drilling into the ground, there are many different ways to access drinking water in places where it’s in short supply. But with overpopulation, climate change and increasing water shortage, innovators have been on the lookout for a new solution — and some are convinced the answer is up in the air.”（使河流矿化，海水淡化，钻到地下，在饮用水短缺的地方有很多不同的方法来获取饮用水。但随着人口过剩、气候变化和日益严重的水资源短缺，创新者们一直在寻找一种新的解决方案——一些人相信答案还不确定。）可知，第一段主要讲的就是饮用水短缺的解决方案。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“This process, however, can consume a lot of electricity and many of these early technologies only work in places with high air humidity (湿气). These limits are what urged SOURCE to develop a more flexible and sustainable solution.”（然而，这个流程会消耗大量的电力，而且许多早期的技术只适用于空气湿度高的地方。这些限制促使SOURCE开发出更加灵活和可持续的解决方案。）可知，因为AWG的流程不再令人满意，所以SOURCE要寻找新的解决方案。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It has also attracted commercial clients — particularly in countries catering to tourists in isolated landscapes, such as the desert.”（它还吸引了商业客户，尤其是那些在沙漠等偏远地区接待游客的国家。）可知，SOURCE设计的一个更令人满意的结果是在偏远的沙漠地区可以有水供应。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to Keith Hays, vice president of Bluefield Research, SOURCE’s design is different from other AWGs because it combines solar-based power supply and water capture mechanism within the same structure, enabling off-network operation.”（Bluefield Research的副总裁Keith Hays表示，SOURCE的设计与其他AWG不同，因为它将太阳能供电和水捕获机制结合在了同一个结构中，实现了离线运行。）可知，Keith Hays对SOURCE设计的态度是满意的。故选C。
28.【河北省名校联盟2021-2022学年高三下学期联合调研】
A study from the University of California, Davis is the first to document personality in golden-mantled ground squirrels, which are common across the western US and parts of Canada, The study found the squirrels show personality for four main aspects: boldness（大胆）, aggressiveness, activity level, and sociability. The findings suggest that understanding how an animal’s personality influences the use of space is important for wildlife conservation.
The fact that ground squirrels have personalities may not seem surprising. But the scientific field of animal personality is relatively young, as is the recognition that there are ecological consequences of animal personalities. For instance, bolder, more aggressive squirrels may find more food or defend a larger area, but their risky behavior may also make them easily hurt by predators（捕食者）or accidents. Lead author Jaclyn Aliperti conducted the study while earning her PhD in ecology at UC Davis.
Scientists have been studying golden-mantled ground squirrels at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Gothic, Colorado for decades. It was established as a long-term study site more than 30 years ago by Aliperti’s advisor, Dirk Van Vuren. Aliperti drew from this powerful data set for her study, while also starting a series of experiments there over the course of three summers to observe and quantify the squirrels’ personalities. Overall, the study, published in the journal Animal Behaviour, found that bolder squirrels had larger core areas where they
concentrated their activities. Bold, active squirrels moved faster. Also, squirrels that were bolder, more aggressive and more active had greater access to habitats, such as rocks. The location of the habitat is important because it can provide a belter point for observing and evading predators. Interestingly, habitat is also associated with sociability.
“Animal personality is a hard science, but if it makes you relate to animals more, maybe people will be more interested in conserving them,” said Alipcrti.
8．What’s the significance of the findings in paragraph 1?
A．To better protect wildlife.
B．To know more about space.
C．To observe squirrels’ behavior.
D．To explore squirrels’ personalities.
9．What do bolder squirrels tend to do in paragraph 2?
A．Hunt for more food. B．Work against each other.
C．Show their personalities. D．Attract less predators.
10．What does the underlined word “evading” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Keeping. B．Refusing.
C．Killing. D．Avoiding.
11．What’s Aliperti’s attitude towards doing research on animal personality?
A．Skeptical. B．Supportive.
C．Worried. D．Tolerant.
【答案】8．A9．A10．D11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了松鼠像人类一样有不同的性格特征，了解它们的个性对保护野生动物非常重要。
8．细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句“The findings suggest that understanding how an animal’s personality influences the use of space is important for wildlife conservation.（研究结果表明，了解动物的个性如何影响空间的使用，对野生动物保护非常重要。）”可知，这个发现的意义是为了更好的保护野生动物。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“For instance, bolder, more aggressive squirrels may find more food or defend a larger area, but their risky behavior may also make them easily hurt by predators or accidents.（例如，更大胆、更有攻击性的松鼠可能会找到更多的食物或保卫更大的区域，但它们的冒险行为也可能使它们容易被捕食者或意外伤害。）”
可知，更大胆、更有攻击性的松鼠可能会找到更多的食物或保卫更大的领域。故选A项。
10．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The location of the habitat is important because it can provide a belter point for observing and evading predators.（栖息地的位置很重要，因为它可以为观察和evading捕食者提供一个带点。）”可知，栖息地的作用是为了观察捕食者，并且用于对捕食者的evading，据此可推知，画线词的意思应为“避免, 逃避”。 故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Animal personality is a hard science, but if it makes you relate to animals more, maybe people will be more interested in conserving them,（动物性格是一门硬科学，但如果它让你与动物有更多的联系，也许人们会对保护它们更感兴趣，）”可以推断出，人们与动物联系越多，人们就会对保护它们越感兴趣，所以，Aliperti对研究动物性格的态度是支持的。故选B项。
29.【河北省神州智达省级联测2021-2022学年高三下学期第六次考试】
The world’s largest factory built specially for the purpose of drawing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it, has just come online in Iceland.
Built in the park in Hellisheidi, the company hopes this is merely a stepping stone necessary to increase the model by 80 times, and by that means remove millions of tons of CO2 by the end of the decade. The Orca factory, just one of a number of climate change solutions offered by the Icelandic firm Carbfix, takes CO2 from the air before separating the carbon from the oxygen, mixing it with water and sending it deep underground into basalt (玄武岩) rock formations where it mineralizes.
The company says it can pull 4, 000 tons of CO2 out of the atmosphere every year, which is equal to taking 870 cars off the road. On its own, it’s a small impact for the $ 10—15 million it takes to build, but as companies are increasingly pressured to provide carbon offsets (补偿) for their operations, the technology offers a huge appeal if costs come down and production is boosted. For example, offsetting emissions by planting trees is great, but it takes 50 years for a tree to gather enough CO2 to actually lock it up. If the tree dies before that period, it’s as if the company did nothing.
A Canadian company, Carbon Engineering, which has received $25 million in funding from the government, is building a technology that directly captures CO2 from the air and stores it as compressed (压缩) gas, or creates a near-carbon-neutral fuel. They are currently building what they call the world’s largest direct air capture plant in the southwestern US that, when operational, will remove more than 1 million tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere every year, about the same as 40 million mature trees.
But for Carbfix, knowing the carbon is stored in the form of metamorphic rocks (变质岩) deep underground
where it won’t emerge for hundreds of millions of years is the most practical way of demonstrating their commitment to dealing with the climate crisis.
12．What is the Orca factory’s goal?
A．To become a hit online. B．To get through basalt soon.
C．To draw more participants. D．To remove the CO2 from the air.
13．What’s the author’s attitude to planting trees to offset emissions?
A．Skeptical. B．Favourable.
C．Subjective. D．Ambiguous.
14．What do we know about Carbon Engineering?
A．It takes the lead in capturing CO2 from the air.
B．The Canadian government is in favor of it.
C．It loves working with American companies.
D．It is bound to plant more and more trees.
15．What’s the best title for this text?
A．Removing CO2 Becomes More Urgent
B．The Method to Capture CO2 Is Practical
C．Iceland Builds a Factory to Bury CO2 in Rock
D．A Canadian Company Won Worldwide Praise
【答案】12．D13．A14．B15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍世界上最大的吸收二氧化碳的工厂刚刚在冰岛建成，该工厂专门用于从大气中吸收二氧化碳并处理二氧化碳，将其送入地下深处的玄武岩岩层中。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Built in the park in Hellisheidi, the company hopes this is merely a stepping stone necessary to increase the model by 80 times, and by that means remove millions of tons of CO2 by the end of the decade. (建造在Hellisheidi的公园里，公司希望这仅仅是一个必要的垫脚石，以增加80倍的模型，并通过这意味着在十年内去除数百万吨的二氧化碳。)”可知，奥卡工厂其目标就是清除大气中的二氧化碳。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, offsetting emissions by planting trees is great, but it takes 50 years for a tree to gather enough CO2 to actually lock it up. (例如，通过植树来抵消碳排放是很好的，但一棵树需要50年的时间才能收集到足够的二氧化碳来锁住它。)”
可推断，作者对用种树的方法减少二氧化碳的做法持怀疑态度。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“A Canadian company, Carbon Engineering, which has received $25 million in funding from the government, is building a technology that directly captures CO2 from the air and stores it as compressed (压缩) gas, or creates a near-carbon-neutral fuel. (加拿大碳工程公司已经从政府获得了2500万美元的资金，该公司正在开发一种技术，可以直接从空气中捕获二氧化碳，并将其储存为压缩气体，或创造一种接近碳中性的燃料。)”可推断，加拿大政府很支持它。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The world’s largest factory built specially for the purpose of drawing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it, has just come online in Iceland. (专为从大气中吸收并储存二氧化碳而建造的世界上最大的工厂刚刚在冰岛投入使用。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍世界上最大的吸收二氧化碳的工厂刚刚在冰岛建成，该工厂专门用于从大气中吸收二氧化碳并处理二氧化碳，将其送入地下深处的玄武岩岩层中。所以“Iceland Builds a Factory to Bury CO2 in Rock(冰岛建造工厂将二氧化碳埋在岩石中)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
30.【2022届吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量监测（三）】
Facebook has launched its first pair of smart glasses, which house speakers and cameras, built with eyewear firm Ray-Ban. The glasses, which are available in a range of colours and styles, are priced at £299 and will be available from September 13.
Called Ray-Ban Stories, the glasses feature two five-megapixel cameras to take photos and videos, as well as built-in microphones and speakers enabling users to make calls and listen to audio. The glasses also come with built-in LED lights to let people nearby know when the wearer is taking a photo or video and pair with the new Facebook View app, which enables users to share content from the glasses to their social media accounts.
Announcing the new hardware, Facebook acknowledged that privacy was a key issue it had looked to address when creating the new device. “As with any new device, we have a big responsibility to help people feel comfortable and provide peace of mind, and that goes not only for device owners but the people around them, too,” the social network said in a blog post.
Facebook said it would also offer guidance to users on how to safely use the glasses with regard to others. “We’ve developed guidelines for what is and isn’t an appropriate use of the glasses, some of which are surfaced right in the app during on boarding, and which are available in full online on our dedicated privacy microsite for Ray-Ban Stories.”
“These tips include respecting people’s preferences if they ask you to stop recording or don’t want to be in a
photo or video, not capturing photos and videos while driving, and turning off the glasses in private areas like places of worship, a doctor’s office, or locker rooms.”
28．Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A．The smart glasses are made by Facebook independently.
B．The glasses have more than two five-megapixel cameras.
C．Users can share content from the glasses with their friends.
D．The build-in LED lights help take better pictures.
29．What can be inferred from the text?
A．The glasses will be a hit with Facebook users.
B．People can buy the glasses at the start of September.
C．The tips on safe use of the glasses are not free.
D．Some people may feel uneasy when being caught on camera.
30．What is Facebook’s attitude to the issue of privacy?
A．Serious. B．Indifferent. C．Negative. D．Objective.
31．What is the best title for the text?
A．Safety Guidelines for Glasses Users B．Facebook’s Release of Smart Glasses
C．Privacy Related to New Technology D．Users’ Feedback on Smart Glasses
【答案】28．C29．D30．A31．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到脸书即将发布一款新产品—智能眼镜，并且对这款智能眼镜进行了说明。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“The glasses also come with built-in LED lights to let people nearby know when the wearer is taking a photo or video and pair with the new Facebook View app, which enables users to share content from the glasses to their social media accounts.(这款眼镜还内置了LED灯，让附近的人知道佩戴者正在拍照或视频，并与新的Facebook View应用配对，用户可以将眼镜上的内容分享到自己的社交媒体账户。)”可知，用户可以与朋友分享眼镜上的内容。所以C项表达正确，故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“These tips include respecting people’s preferences if they ask you to stop recording or don’t want to be in a photo or video(这些建议包括，当别人要求你停止拍摄或不想在照片或视频中出现时，要尊重他们的喜好)”可推断，有些人在被镜头拍到时可能会感到不安。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第三段“Announcing the new hardware, Facebook acknowledged that privacy was a key issue
it had looked to address when creating the new device. (在宣布这款新硬件时，Facebook承认隐私是它在开发这款新设备时试图解决的一个关键问题。)”可知，Facebook说隐私是开发新设备要解决的关键问题，由此可推知，Facebook对隐私的态度是很严肃的，故选A。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Facebook has launched its first pair of smart glasses, which house speakers and cameras, built with eyewear firm Ray-Ban. The glasses, which are available in a range of colours and styles, are priced at £299 and will be available from September 13.(脸书推出了首款智能眼镜，配备扬声器和摄像头，由眼镜公司雷朋(Ray-Ban)制造。这款眼镜有多种颜色和款式，售价299英镑，将于9月13日上市。)”，结合全文内容可知，本文主要说明脸书即将上市一款新的智能眼镜，对这款新产品的相关介绍，所以B项“Facebook发布智能眼镜”符合文章主旨，适合作为本文标题，故选B。