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江苏省镇江市镇江中学2022-2023学年高一英语下学期3月检测试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份江苏省镇江市镇江中学2022-2023学年高一英语下学期3月检测试卷（Word版附解析），共25页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分30分)， ____17____等内容，欢迎下载使用。
省镇中高一年级第二学期三月检测(英语)
第一部分：听力(共两节，20小题，每题1.5分，满分30分)
第一节 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What was the weather like in the afternoon?
A. Windy. B. Sunny. C. Rainy.
2. How does the man sound?
A. Worried. B. Confident. C. Afraid.
3. What is the conversation mainly about?
A. Going on holiday. B. Taking photographs. C. Getting a new passport.
4. Why did the man go to see a doctor?
A. He can only see things up close. B. He gets glasses for the woman. C. He doesn’t like his old glasses.
5. What are the speakers going to do next?
A. Stay at home. B. Play with snow. C. Play badminton.
第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the woman want to replace the sofa?
A. It is uncomfortable. B. It is really old. C. It doesn’t match the table.
7. What do the speakers agree to do?
A. Change the table. B. Buy a reading lamp. C. Move a lamp onto the table.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What did the man use last weekend?
A. A shared bike. B. A shared charger C. A shared umbrella.
9. What is the woman going to talk about next?
A. The proper ways to use the sharing product.
B. Her attitude towards the sharing economy.
C. The advantages of the sharing economy.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What has the man found?
A. An old door. B. A secret dinner. C. An interesting wall.
11. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A Boss and secretary. B. Father and daughter. C. Husband and wife.
12. Where are the speakers?
A. In a shop. B. In a house. C. In a castle.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing?
A. Eating a meal. B. Cooking a meal. C. Having an interview.
14. How long has the man been cooking?
A. Only recently. B. Since he was a kid. C. Since he was twenty years old.
15. Why does the man mention rice and noodles?
A. To give an example. B. To name his favorite food. C. To show his best cooking.
16. What is the most important for cooking according to the man?
A. Rich flavors. B. Freshness of food. C. Different styles of cooking.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is Cathy’s nationality?
A. Chinese. B. German. C. American.
18. When will they start making dumplings?
A. At 4 p.m. B. At 6 p.m. C. At 8 p.m.
19. How will Cathy come to the speaker’s house probably?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By taxi.
20. What does the speaker think Cathy may worry about?
A. Going back too early. B. Staying there too long. C. Having difficulty watching TV shows.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Summer Schools
As the UK’s top ranked summer schools, these schools will deliver an outstanding summer experience in a multi-national, fun, and secure setting.
Oxford Summer School
Oxford Summer School enables students to live and study in an Oxford University College during the summer. The summer program is designed to give students a chance to study at university, meet other students from around the world and explore the famous city of Oxford.
Ages: 15-17
Dates: 15 July-30 August
Cambridge Summer School
Join us to live and study in the noted university city of Cambridge. Explore the city that shaped some of the world’s famous minds, including Sir Isaac Newton and Sylvia Plath. Follow in their footsteps as you experience your chosen subject through a series of lectures and workshops.
Ages: 15-17
Dates: 20 July-28 August
Earlscliffe Summer School
Earlscliffe Summer School is ideally located for both access to London and to a variety of local attractions. The campus is formed of seven Victorian and Edwardian buildings, all recently renovated (翻新) to provide high-quality teaching and residential facilities.
Ages: 13-17
Dates: 20 June-31 July
Rochester College Summer School
Rochester Independent College, one of the UK’s most well-established independent colleges, is proud to offer a range of distinctive summer courses. We are offering four different courses in very small classes where international visitors will study and socialize alongside local students.
Ages: 13-17
Dates: 25 June-28 July
1. Which of the following starts earliest?
A. Oxford Summer School. B. Cambridge Summer School.
C. Earlscliffe Summer School. D. Rochester College Summer School.
2. What can students do in the first two summer schools?
A. Socialize with local students. B. Explore the noted university city.
C. Organize lectures and workshops. D. Interview the world’s great minds.
3. Where can the text be found?
A. In a history book. B. In an art magazine. C. In a research article. D. In an education brochure.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所暑期学校的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Oxford Summer School部分的“Dates: 15 July — 30 August(日期：7月15日到8月30日)”，Cambridge Summer School部分的“Dates: 20 July — 28 August(日期：7月20日到8月28日)”，Earlscliffe Summer School部分的“Dates: 20 June — 31 July(日期：6月20日到7月31日)”以及Rochester College Summer School部分的“Dates: 25 June — 28 July(日期：6月25日到7月28日)”可知，Earlscliffe暑期学校最早开始。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Oxford Summer School部分中“The summer program is designed to give students a chance to study at university, meet other students from around the world and explore the famous city of Oxford.(该暑期项目旨在让学生有机会在大学里学习，与来自世界各地的其他学生见面，并探索著名的牛津城)”以及Cambridge Summer School部分中“Join us to live and study in the noted university city of Cambridge.(加入我们，在著名的剑桥大学城生活和学习。)”可知，前两所暑期学校的学生可以探索著名的大学城。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“As the UK’s top ranked summer schools, these schools will deliver an outstanding summer experience in a multi-national, fun, and secure setting.(作为英国排名第一的暑期学校，这些学校将在多国、有趣和安全的环境中提供出色的暑期体验。)”且结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了四所暑期学校的情况，因此文章可以在教育小册子上找到。故选D。
B
Cristina, a teen who grew up in a poor neighborhood in Madrid, never imagined herself playing the violin. But today she is first violinist in an inventive orchestra (乐团), bringing together two dozen other disadvantaged youths, using instruments made from recycled materials. “I am really happy, because the project has changed my life a lot,” said Cristina, her eyes gleaming.
Luis, 18, credits the project with keeping him on a right track in a neighbourhood like Vallecas, which has a high school dropout rate. “Instead of meeting up with friends, I preferred to listen to music, play it, and little by little it became a way of life,” he said.
The project, called “Music of Recycling”, aims to breathe new life into junk while also benefiting youths from disadvantaged backgrounds and it is run by Spanish environmental group Ecoembes and is inspired by Paraguay’s Cateura orchestra, made up of musicians from a poor neighborhood who play instruments made from materials found in waste.
After Ecoembes invited the Cateura orchestra to perform in Madrid in 2014, the group decided to found its own similar ensemble (小乐团) that same year, said Gil, the director of Music of Recycling. The ensemble put on its first concert just four months later and “the kids could not play more than four notes,” said Gil.
Now after having performed in cities across Spain, “We already have four boys studying in scholarships at music schools,” he added. More than 100 children are taking music classes from members of the orchestra as part of the project.
The instruments are created by Soler, a third-generation instrument maker, from cans, wooden boxes and parts of abandoned instruments. He tried to make the instruments as close to their “normal” shape as possible so the children won’t have difficulty playing regular equipment in the future.
4. What does the author intend to do by referring to Cristina and Luis?
A. Praise the teens for their efforts. B. Introduce the startup of the project.
C. Show the effects of the project. D. Present ways to mix music and recycling.
5. Where does the project’s inspiration come from?
A. A group of musicians. B. A children’s orchestra.
C. Disadvantaged youths. D. An environmental group.
6. What can we learn about the project?
A. It was started in 2014. B. It was funded by the government.
C. It spread across the world. D. It made a large amount of money.
7. What’s Soler’s attitude towards the project?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncaring.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了贫民窟长大的克里斯蒂娜，因为喜好音乐，通过改造回收的材料制作乐器，然后带领一批同样喜欢音乐的年轻人组建乐队，制造乐器进而改变人生的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I am really happy, because the project has changed my life a lot,” said Cristina, her eyes gleaming.(我真的很高兴，因为这个项目改变了我的生活很多，克里斯蒂娜说，她的眼睛闪闪发光)”以及第二段“Luis, 18, credits the project with keeping him on a right track in a neighborhood like Vallecas, which has a high school dropout rate.(18岁的路易斯认为，这个项目让他在巴列卡斯这样的社区走上了正确的道路，那里的高中辍学率很高)”可知，这一项目对克里斯蒂娜和路易斯的人生产生了重要的影响。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“it is run by Spanish environmental group Ecoembes and is inspired by Paraguay’s Cateura orchestra(它是由西班牙环保组织Ecoembes运营的，其灵感来自巴拉圭Cateura乐团)”可知，这一项目的灵感来自于Cateura乐团的音乐家们。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“After Ecoembes invited the Cateura orchestra to perform in Madrid in 2014, the group decided to found its own similar ensemble (小乐团) that same year (在2014年Ecoembes邀请Cateura乐团在马德里演出之后，同年这个团队决定发建立自己的小乐团)”可知，他们建立自己的小乐队也是在2014年。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“He tried to make the instruments as close to their “normal” shape as possible so the children won’t have difficulty playing regular equipment in the future.(他试图让这些乐器尽可能地接近它们的“正常”形状，这样孩子们以后玩普通乐器就不会有困难了)”可知Soler正在努力为这一项目贡献自己的力量，因此可以推断出，他对这一项目是持支持态度的。故选B。
C
Robots are slowly entering the field of real-time multitasking, but before they can make it, their computing system must be updated.
“To truly cross that bridge, the robot needs high computing power, high-making speed, low power consumption, high flexibility of resource scheduling, and user-friendly computing parts, so as to run algorithms (算法) locally in real time,” Shi Luping, a professor at Tsinghua University and Ma Songchen, a Tsinghua Ph.D. candidate wrote in an email.
Right now, processing units cannot efficiently meet AI’s needs for economical and adaptable processing. But neuromorphic (神经形态的) systems could be a solution. To invent a new neuromorphic computing system that can completely support the networks, Ma and his colleagues first created a framework called Rivulet. “It’s challenging to design robot-friendly equipment, and there are few multitasking professors specifically designed for intelligent robots,” wrote Shi and Ma. “We think of how we process information to make decisions reflexively — it’s the quality of brain regions. Then we came up with a Rivulet model, which enables multiple network tasks to schedule resources on the chip efficiently and flexibly.”
Employing the Rivulet model, the scientists built an electronic chip labeled TianjicX, as well as additional software. They put both into a mobile robot named Tianjiecat and ran it through a cat-and-mouse game. During the game, Tianjiecat had to carry out a variety of AI instructions to catch the robot mouse, which moved randomly (任意地) within a space with barriers using visual recognition and sound detection. Analysis showed TianjicX decreased the amount of power Tianjiecat used by half while processing information and significantly cut down on delays between making decisions and acting on them.
“We provide an exploration platform for AI researchers and promote the study of brain inspired intelligence,” wrote Shi. “Our platform also has great potential to be applied in edge computing scenes due to its ability of multitask processing, such as autonomous driving and the Internet Things.”
8. Which is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?
A. Basics of computing systems. B. Challenges in developing AI.
C. The secret to robots’ multitasking. D. The tendency toward multitasking.
9. Where did the scientists get the idea of Rivulet?
A. From their life experiences. B. From the cat-and-mouse game.
C. From the feature of human brains. D. From the invention of neuromorphic systems.
10. How does the chip function in the game?
A. By controlling movements of the robot mouse. B. By sending out comprehensive AI instructions.
C. By enabling Tianjiecat to avoid barriers accurately. D. By lowering energy and time Tianjiecat consumes.
11. What do Shi’s words imply in the last paragraph?
A. Multitasking is essential in many fields. B. Current AI research is far from satisfactory.
C. AI has appeared in many real-life situations. D. The new system will have wide applications.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清华大学科研人员研发出的TianjicX芯片和相关软件在智能机器人Tianjicat上的应用，以及这些研究成果的应用前景。
【8题详解】
段落大意题。根据第一段“Robots are slowly entering the field of real-time multitasking, but before they can make it, their computing system must be updated.(机器人正在慢慢进入实时多任务领域，但在他们能够做到这一点之前，必须更新其计算系统)”和第二段中“To truly cross that bridge, the robot needs high computing power, high-making speed, low power consumption, high flexibility of resource scheduling, and user-friendly computing parts, so as to run algorithms (算法) locally in real time(要真正跨越这座桥，机器人需要高计算能力、高决策速度、低功耗、资源调度的高度灵活性和易于使用的计算部件，以便在本地实时运行算法)”可知，第二段主要讨论了机器人多任务处理的秘诀。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We think of how we process information to make decisions reflexively — it’s the quality of brain regions. Then we came up with a Rivulet model, which enables multiple network tasks to schedule resources on the chip efficiently and flexibly.(我们思考我们是如何处理信息以反射性地做出决定的——这是大脑区域的质量。然后我们提出了一个Rivulet模型，它使多个网络任务能够高效灵活地调度芯片上的资源)”可知，科学家们想到人脑是如何处理信息以本能地作出决定的，然后他们提出了创建Rivulet模型的想法。由此可知，科学家们从人脑的特征中得到了Rivulet模型的想法。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Analysis showed TianjicX decreased the amount of power Tianjiecat used by half while processing information and significantly cut down on delays between making decisions and acting on them.(分析显示，TianjicX在处理信息时将Tianjicat使用的能量减少了一半，并显著减少了决策和执行决策之间的延迟)”可知，TianjicX在游戏过程中减少了Tianjicat消耗的能量和决策和行动之间的延迟。由此可知，通过减少Tianjicat所消耗的功率和时间，实现了芯片在游戏中的功能。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中施路平的话“Our platform also has great potential to be applied in edge computing scenes due to its ability of multitask processing, such as autonomous driving and the Internet Things.(由于我们的平台具有多任务处理能力，例如自动驾驶和物联网，我们的平台在边缘计算场景中也有很大的应用潜力)”可推知，这一新系统有广泛的应用价值。故选D。
D
A workday filled with mentally challenging tasks can make people feel worn out and desire a relaxing evening of TV shows. A study led by Antonius Wiehler of Pitié-Salpêtrìère University Hospital provides an explanation for this familiar phenomenon.
Researchers arranged for two sets of subjects to work for over six hours. The first group was assigned a difficult version of tasks, while the second was given a simple version. They measured levels of glutamate (谷氨酸) that collected in the cognitive area of subjects’ brains, finding higher levels of the chemical appeared in the first group, although both groups reported feeling similar levels of tiredness after the daylong experiment. Glutamate helps learning and memory, but too much glutamate can give rise to brain cell damage.
Also, when researchers offered financial choices, as a measure of whether the difficulty of work affected subjects’ decision-making ability, those finishing harder tasks were more likely to choose to take home an immediate reward rather than wait for a larger cash-out at a later date. “Existing theories suggested fatigue (疲劳) is an unreal feeling cooked up by the brain to make us relax,” Wiehler says. “Yet our findings provide proof that cognitive work causes the collection of bad substances, so fatigue would be signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve normality of brain functioning.”
“Defining what fatigue is remains a challenge for the field, says neuroscientist Matthew Apps, “but it’s exciting that this experiment provides a reasonable alternative explanation that is of great help.” He notes some areas where these findings might come in. For people in jobs requiring intense focus, burnout can lead to damaging consequences. Preventing glutamate’ building may help maintain attention. Another area of interest would be researching clinical conditions related to fatigue. The presence of glutamate might reveal why patients struggle with fatigue.
For Wiehler, open questions remain. One limitation is their focus on the brain’s specific region, so what impact cognitively effortful work has on the rest parts remains to be seen. In addition, it’s not yet clear how the balance of glutamate is restored after rest. “Maybe it leaves the brain during sleep,” Wiehler says. “There’s tons of research to come.”
12. What was found in the experiment?
A. People who work longer expect higher rewards.
B. Tasks’ difficulty greatly affects levels of fatigue.
C. Tougher tasks cause more glutamate to build up.
D. Decision-making is linked with financial factors.
13. What might the researchers agree about fatigue?
A. It bothers people in the workplace. B. It mainly results from mental stress.
C. It signals the necessity of relaxation. D. It serves as a protection for the brain.
14. What is stressed in Paragraph 4?
A. Reliability of the finding. B. The practical use of the study.
C. The challenge in the cognitive field. D. Urgency to solve fatigue-related problems.
15. What might Wiehler explore next?
A. What limitations their experiment has.
B. Whether the balance of glutamate can recover.
C. Why rest is important for the brain to function well.
D. How demanding tasks affect other areas of the brain.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究解释了充满挑战精神的任务的工作日会让人精疲力竭，想要一个放松的晚上看电视这一现象，介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first group was assigned a difficult version of tasks, while the second was given a simple version. They measured levels of glutamate (谷氨酸) that collected in the cognitive area of subjects’ brains, finding higher levels of the chemical appeared in the first group, although both groups reported feeling similar levels of tiredness after the daylong experiment.(第一组被分配了难度较大的任务，而第二组被分配了简单的任务。他们测量了受试者大脑认知区收集的谷氨酸水平，发现第一组受试者的谷氨酸水平较高，尽管在一天的实验后，两组受试者都报告了相似的疲劳感)”可知，在实验中发现更困难的任务会导致更多的谷氨酸堆集。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Yet our findings provide proof that cognitive work causes the collection of bad substances, so fatigue would be signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve normality of brain functioning.(然而，我们的研究结果证明，认知工作会导致有害物质的聚集，所以疲劳是一个信号，让我们停止工作，但目的不同：保持大脑功能的正常)”可知，疲劳能保护大脑。故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段““Defining what fatigue is remains a challenge for the field, says neuroscientist Matthew Apps, “but it’s exciting that this experiment provides a reasonable alternative explanation that is of great help.” He notes some areas where these findings might come in. For people in jobs requiring intense focus, burnout can lead to damaging consequences. Preventing glutamate’ building may help maintain attention. Another area of interest would be researching clinical conditions related to fatigue. The presence of glutamate might reveal why patients struggle with fatigue.(神经科学家Matthew Apps说，对该领域来说，定义什么是疲劳仍然是一个挑战，“但令人兴奋的是，这个实验提供了一个合理的替代解释，它有很大的帮助。”他指出了这些发现可能涉及的一些领域。对于那些从事需要高度专注的工作的人来说，倦怠会导致破坏性的后果。防止谷氨酸盐的积聚可能有助于保持注意力。另一个感兴趣的领域是研究与疲劳有关的临床状况。谷氨酸的存在可能揭示了为什么病人会感到疲劳)”可知，第4段强调的是研究的实际应用。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“For Wiehler, open questions remain. One limitation is their focus on the brain’s specific region, so what impact cognitively effortful work has on the rest parts remains to be seen.(对于维勒来说，仍然存在悬而未决的问题。局限性之一是他们关注的是大脑的特定区域，所以认知努力工作对其他部分有什么影响还有待观察)”可推知，接下来会探索高要求的任务如何影响大脑的其他区域。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Perhaps you use your headphones to enjoy music and peace and quiet during the day. But you may be neglecting the dangers of hearing loss with headphones. ____16____ This is 30% higher than just 20 years before, and experts are pinning it on headphones.
In fact, headphones are not a bad thing. They can bring peace, allow for better musical enjoyment, and even protect your ears from higher decibels(分贝). ____17____
How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization, one hour per day. ____18____ But the fact is that the longer you listen, you’re going to lose your hearing sooner. To keep hearing loss from happening to you, you should follow the recommendation in place by the WHO that you keep your time with headphones on limited to one hour per day.
Then, how do you set the safest volume for your headphones? With headphones, it depends on the type you’re using and your environment. To test things out, you should take them off your ears and extend them in your hands out in front of you. ____19____ If you are using open-back headphones, you should try to have a conversation with someone nearby. When you’re able to carry on the conversation clearly, you’re listening at a proper volume. But do remember that never raise the volume on your listening device over 60% of the maximum!
____20____ At others this loss will build up over time. It usually isn’t noticeable in the beginning. It’s not until it’s too late that most people realize that the damage has been done. The only way to know for sure is to consult your doctor.
A. This might seem unreasonable to you.
B. At times, hearing loss isn’t permanent.
C. l in 5 teens will have some types of hearing loss.
D. What’s more concerning is what that means for children.
E. It’s the duration and volume that cause the problem, however.
F. If you still hear your music clearly, you need to turn them down.
G. It’s a wonderful thing to shut out the rest of the world and enjoy your music.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. A 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世卫组织的建议，每天戴耳机的时间限制在一小时之内。并且永远不要把你的听力设备的音量提高到最大音量的60％以上。
【16题详解】
前句“But you too neglect the dangers of hearing loss with headphones. (但你也忽视了戴耳机听力下降的危险。)”指出戴耳机会使听力下降，下文“This is 30％ higher than just 20 years before, and experts are pinning it on headphones. (这一数字比20年前高出30%，专家将其归咎于耳机。)”具体指出戴耳机耳朵受损的人数，空处应该承上启下，指出有一些人因戴耳机造成听力受损，C项“五分之一的青少年将有一些类型的听力损失。”符合。故选C项。
【17题详解】
根据第二段前文“In fact, headphones are not a bad thing. They can bring peace, allow for better musical enjoyment, and even protect your ears from higher decibels(分贝). (事实上，耳机并不是一件坏事。 它们可以带来平静，让你更好地享受音乐，甚至保护你的耳朵免受更高分贝的伤害。)”以及第三段第一二句“How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization, one hour per day. (你每天应该戴多久耳机？ 根据世界卫生组织的说法，答案是每天一小时。)”可知，空前指出了使用耳机的好处，但是空后第三段介绍了世界卫生组织的两个建议，即不要长时间戴耳机和不要太大音量，所以此处承上启下，指出造成问题的是持续时间和音量，E项“然而，导致问题的是持续时间和音量。”符合。故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据前文“How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization, one hour per day. (你每天应该戴多久耳机？根据世界卫生组织的说法，答案是每天一小时。)”以及后文“But the fact is that the longer you listen, you’re going to lose your hearing sooner. (但事实是，你听的时间越长，你失去听力的时间就越早。 )”可知，此处是承接上文，且和下文构成转折关系，A项“你可能觉得这不合理。”符合，选项中的“This”指代前文的“one hour per day”。故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据前文的“To test things out, you should take them off your ears and extend them in your hands out in front of you. (要测试这些东西，你应该把它们从耳朵上拿下来，把它们放到你面前)”可知，此处介绍了设置耳机最安全音量的方法，空处应该承接上文，继续对此进行描述，F项“如果你还能清楚地听到你的音乐，你需要把它们关掉。”符合，故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据后文的“At others this loss will build up over time. (在其他时候，这种损失会随着时间累积。)”可知，“at others”对应B项中的“at times”，此处是说有时，听力损失并不是永久性的。在其他时候，这种损失会随着时间而累积，B项“有时候，听力损失并不是永久性的。”符合。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用(共五节，满分55分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was a graduate student, I felt too busy to exercise. I promised myself I’d do it once I ____21____ school. I knew I would be busy as an assistant professor. ____22____, I believed in my will power.
When I started my first job at Williams College, I ____23____ did exercise regularly. It turned out that I was in a(n) ____24____ that offered excellent support for what I ____25____ to do.
Research shows that our ____26____ are influenced by whether our environment makes something easy or difficult. Even the smallest difference can have an outsized ____27____. In one study, researchers ____28____ items from the front to the back of a salad bar — a change of just 10 inches — and the ____29____ inconvenience made people eat less of these items.
My plan to exercise benefited from Williamstown’s long winter. People figured the best way through it was to get _____30_____ happily and enjoy it. I kept meeting people who were _____31_____ joggers. When I started, they were quick to offer social _____32_____. With so many runners in town, it was easy to find trails (小径), including those _____33_____ for beginners.
Do _____34_____ your environment to make challenging tasks easier. If you want to socialize, befriend outgoing persons. Or _____35_____ your cell phone when you need to concentrate on study. The right surroundings are more powerful than willpower alone.
21. A. attended B. finished C. started D. furthered
22. A. However B. Thus C. Instead D. Meanwhile
23. A. unwillingly B. virtually C. actually D. barely
24. A. occupation B. situation C. position D. environment
25. A. hoped B. insisted C. hesitated D. managed
26. A. experiences B. choices C. consequences D. emotions
27. A. advantage B. reward C. effect D. risk
28. A. examined B. concerned C. counted D. moved
29. A. obvious B. major C. unique D. slight
30. A. aboard B. outdoors C. home D. inside
31. A. enthusiastic B. sensitive C. independent D. ambitious
32. A. resources B. activities C. support D. service
33. A. instructive B. strange C. tough D. fit
34. A. change B. protect C. ignore D. accept
35. A. answer B. silence C. keep D. ring
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者结合自己锻炼的经历告诉我们环境会让我们的选择变得容易或困难。
21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我向自己保证，一完成学业我就参加锻炼。A. attended参加；B. finished完成；C. started开始；D. furthered促进。根据上文“When I was a graduate student, I felt too busy to exercise.”可知，作者在研究生期间太忙无暇锻炼，结合句中“I’d do it once I ____1____ school.”可推知，作者保证完成学业后就参加锻炼。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我相信自己的毅力。A. However然而；B. Thus因此；C. Instead相反；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“I knew I would be busy as an assistant professor.”可知，作者知道作为助理教授，自己仍然会很忙，但下文“I believed in my will power.”说相信自己的毅力，上下文之间为转折关系。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我在威廉姆斯学院开始我的第一份工作时，事实上我定期锻炼。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. virtually虚拟地；C. actually的确，事实上；D. barely几乎不，仅仅。根据上文“I promised myself I’d do it once I ____1____ school.”可知，作者之前就保证完成学业后会参加锻炼，结合句中“exercise regularly”可知，作者在参加工作后，确实开始了定期锻炼，actually“的确，真实地”符合语境。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，我所处的环境为我所希望做的事情提供了极好的支持。A. occupation占据，工作；B. situation状况；C. position位置，职位；D. environment环境。根据下文“Research shows that our ____6____ are influenced by whether our environment makes something easy or difficult.”和“Do ____14____ your environment to make challenging tasks easier.”可知，所处的环境会给我们带来一定的影响；environment是原词复现。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. hoped希望；B. insisted坚持；C. hesitated迟疑；D. managed设法，管理。根据上文“I promised myself I’d do it once I ____1____ school.”可知，此处是指作者希望做的事情。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，我们的选择受到环境使事情变得容易还是困难的影响。A. experiences经历；B. choices选择；C. consequences后果，结果；D. emotions感情，情绪。结合上文提到作者上学时因为忙很少锻炼和从事第一份工作后经常锻炼可推知，作者认为人们的选择受到环境的影响。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使是最小的差异也会产生巨大的影响。A. advantage优势；B. reward回报；C. effect影响，效果；D. risk风险。根据“the smallest difference”和下文“稍微移动沙拉柜台上食物的研究”可推知，此处是指小的差异有时甚至会产生巨大的影响。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一项研究中，研究人员将沙拉柜台上的食物从前面移到后面——仅仅改变了10英寸——这一点小小的不便让人们少吃了这些食物。A. examined检查；B. concerned担心，与……有关；C. counted数，重要；D. moved搬动，移动。根据“from the front to the back of a salad bar”可知，研究人员移动了沙拉柜台上的食物。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. obvious明显的；B. major主要的；C. unique独特的；D. slight稍微的，细微的。根据“a change of just 10 inches”可知，食物只往后移动了一点，因此只造成了稍微的不便。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们认为度过这个季节的最好办法就是开心地到户外去享受它。A. aboard在船/飞机/车/火车上；B. outdoors在户外；C. home在家；D. inside在里面。根据下文“With so many runners in town, it was easy to find trails (小径)”可知，人们认为度过冬天的最好办法就是去户外。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不断地遇到热心的慢跑者。A. enthusiastic热心的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. independent独立的；D. ambitious有抱负的。根据下文“they were quick to offer social ____12____.”推知，作者遇到的慢跑者都是热情的。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始（慢跑）时，他们很快就提供了社会支持。 A. resources资源；B. activities活动；C. support支持；D. service服务。根据下文“With so many runners in town, it was easy to find trails (小径), including those____13____for beginners.”可推知，作者得到了热心慢跑者的帮助，即社会支持。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城里有这么多跑步者，很容易找到路线，包括那些对初跑者来说很适合的路线。A. instructive有启发性的；B. strange奇怪的，陌生的；C. tough艰难的，棘手的；D. fit适当的。根据“it was easy to find trails”和“for beginners”推知，热心慢跑者推荐了适合初跑者的路线。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：改变你的环境，让挑战性的任务变得更容易。A. change改变；B. protect保护；C. ignore忽略；D. accept接受。根据下文“The right surroundings are more powerful than willpower alone.”并结合作者的经历推知，改变环境会让具有挑战性的工作变得容易。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者当你需要集中精力学习时，把手机调成静音。A. answer回答；B. silence使……安静；C. keep保持；D. ring响。根据“when you need to concentrate on study”可知，需要专注学习时，就把手机调成静音。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As China’s gig economy (零工经济) continues to grow, the central government is seeking better regulations ____36____ (serve) the rights of workers, develop new skills and startups and ensure healthy and balanced development in the job market. Gig workers, often referred to ____37____ independent contractors (承包者) or temporary workers, are those such as delivery drivers and online sales hosts ____38____ often enter into contracts with on-demand companies to provide services to their clients.
The guideline ____39____ (release) early on Thursday by five central departments to solve practical problems that are being faced today and are on the horizon among employees and employers in the gig economy.
In the past few years, with the rise of technology and the impact of the pandemic, the gig economy ____40____ (provide) opportunities to many people across a number of sectors, according to Pang Shi, director of one department. She said the gig economy provides an important way for people to improve their incomes, and ____41____ for seniors, the disabled or those with other difficulties, gig work provides less pressure than full-time employment.
Gig workers often have higher work ____42____ (efficient) because of new technology, ____43____ (break) the previous working limits of time and space. “The gig economy is showing growing importance to the stability of the job market, ____44____ (particular) facing current economic downturns,” Wei Xiang, ____45____ professor from the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, added.
【答案】36. to serve
37. as 38. who
39. was released
40. has provided
41. that 42. efficiency
43. breaking
44. particularly
45. a
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。随着中国零工经济的持续增长，中央政府正在寻求更好的监管，以保障工人的权利，发展新技能和创业，并确保就业市场的健康平衡发展。
【36题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：随着中国零工经济的持续增长，中央政府正在寻求更好的监管，以保障工人的权利，发展新技能和创业，并确保就业市场的健康平衡发展。根据“seeking better regulations”和“the rights of workers, develop new skills and startups and ensure healthy and balanced development in the job market”可知，此处是指寻求更好的监管的目的是保障工人的权利、发展新技能和创业并确保就业市场的健康平衡发展，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to serve。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：零工通常被称为独立承包商或临时工，是指例如送货司机和在线销售主持人这些人，他们通常与按需公司签订合同，为客户提供服务。refer to...as...意为“把……称为……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词as表示“作为”。故填as。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：零工通常被称为独立承包商或临时工，是指例如送货司机和在线销售主持人这些人，他们通常与按需公司签订合同，为客户提供服务。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词those是指人，所以应用关系代词who。故填who。
【39题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：该指导方针于周四早些时候由五个中央部门发布，以解决当前面临的实际问题，这些问题在零工经济中的雇员和雇主之间即将出现。根据“early on Thursday”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。动词release意为“发布”，和主语构成被动关系。主语guideline为第三人称单数。故填was released。
【40题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：一个部门的负责人庞石表示，过去几年，随着技术的发展和疫情的影响，零工经济为许多行业的许多人提供了机会。根据“In the past few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语economy为第三人称单数。故填has provided。
【41题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她说，零工经济为人们提高收入提供了一个重要途径，并且对于老年人、残疾人或有其他困难的人来说，零工工作比全职工作压力更小。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，与上文省略了引导词that宾语从句“the gig economy provides an important way for people to improve their incomes”一起作并列宾语，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用从属连词that，and连接两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的连词不能省略。故填that。
42题详解】
考查名词。句意：由于新技术的出现，零工工人往往有更高的工作效率，打破了以往工作时间和空间的限制。在动词have后应用名词efficiency表示“效率”作宾语。故填efficiency。
【43题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：由于新技术的出现，零工工人往往有更高的工作效率，打破了以往工作时间和空间的限制。动词break意为“打破”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主句构成主动关系，表示意料之中的结果，所以应用现在分词作结果状语。故填breaking。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：“零工经济对稳定就业市场越来越重要，尤其是在当前经济低迷的情况下。”中国社会科学院大学教授魏翔补充道。修饰动词facing应用副词particularly表示“尤其”作状语。故填particularly。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：“零工经济对稳定就业市场越来越重要，尤其是在当前经济低迷的情况下。”中国社会科学院大学教授魏翔补充道。professor意为“教授”，为可数名词，在此处第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
第三节 单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据首字母或中文提示写出句中所缺单词，注意使用正确形式。
46. He was so proud as to take his friends’ advice ________ (配不上) his notice, which caused a big damage to his company. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】beneath
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：他很骄傲，无视朋友的建议，这给他的公司造成了很大的损失。take … beneath one’s notice 表示“对……不屑一顾”。故填beneath。
47. The invention, which had been patented by the university, would have a wide range of a________ in industry. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】applications##pplications
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这项发明已获得该大学的专利，将在工业上有广泛的应用。由“The invention, which had been patented by the university”可知，句子表示“这项发明已获得该大学的专利，将在工业上有广泛的应用”，空格处意为“应用”，空前有a wide range of，空格处用复数，故填applications。
48. I am not satisfied with your explanation and intend to take the matter ________ (进一步). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】further
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意： 我对你的解释不满意,打算进一步探讨这个问题。“进一步”是further，副词作状语，修饰take，故填further。
49. The government has employed a double ________ (策略) to achieve these two objectives. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】strategy
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府采用了双重策略来实现这两个目标。“策略”是strategy，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填strategy。
50. The moment the whistle s________ the end of the match, an enthusiastic applause broke out in the stadium. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】signaled##ignaled
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：比赛结束的哨声一响，体育场里爆发出热烈的掌声。由“the whistle”和“the end of the match”可知，句子表示“比赛结束的哨声一响，体育场里爆发出热烈的掌声”，空格处意为“表示”，由首字母提示s可知，是signal，由broke是过去式可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填signaled。
51. It’s calculated that the number of people employed in ________ (农业) has fallen in the last decade. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】agriculture
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：据统计，在过去十年中，从事农业工作的人数有所下降。根据汉语提示“农业”以及此空是介词in后宾语，可知此空用不可数名词agriculture，故填agriculture。
52. As we all know that those anticancer drugs are effective, but also d________ to white blood cells. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】destructive##estructive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：众所周知，那些抗癌药物是有效的，但也会破坏白细胞。but表转折，因此句子表示“那些抗癌药物是有效的，但也会破坏白细胞”，空格处意为“破坏性的”，用形容词作表语，由首字母提示d可知，应用形容词destructive。故填destructive。
53. Feeling stressful, you can eat some chocolate for comfort to r________ your anxieties. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】relieve##elieve
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你感到有压力，你可以吃一些巧克力来缓解你焦虑。本句有谓语can eat，使用非谓语动词，结合句意和to可知，用不定式表目的。relieve one’s anxieties表示“减轻焦虑”。故填relieve或elieve。
54. We were delayed at the airport; o________ we would have been here by lunchtime.
【答案】otherwise
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们在机场被延误了，否则我们午饭前就到这儿了。这是一个虚拟语气的句子，“否则”可翻译为otherwise，故填otherwise。
55. New piles of evidence, as expected, has ________ (证实) the first witness’s story. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】confirmed##onfirmed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：不出所料，成堆的新证据证实了第一位证人的证词。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词confirm，由has可知，句子时态是现在完成时，空格处用过去分词。故填confirmed。
第四节 单句语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
在下列句子的空白处填入适当的连接词或括号内动词的正确形式。
56. Nobody but Betty and Marry ________ (be) late for class yesterday, which surprised all of us. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：除了贝蒂和玛丽，昨天上课没人迟到，这使我们大家都很吃惊。nobody but用单数谓语动词，结合后文surprised可知为一般过去时。故填was。
57. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach ________ (survive) the disaster without any loss of life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to survive
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：Goldshore海滩是当地唯一一个在这场灾难中没有任何人员伤亡的海滩。local beach前有the only修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，故填to survive。
58. We ________ (turn) off the radio and get into our sleeping bags when strong winds suddenly began to blow. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】were about to turn
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：我们正要关掉收音机，钻进睡袋，突然刮起了大风。根据句中“when”可知，空格处应填入be about to do表示“即将发生的动作”。be about to do sth. when (suddenly)...是固定句型，意为“正要做某事这时突然……”。根据句意判断，应该用过去将来时。故填were about to turn。
59. The performance had been intended to please the audience and draw their attention，only ________ ( greet ) with a cold silence, however．（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to be greeted
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这场演出原本是为了取悦观众，吸引观众的注意力，然而结果是观众却沉默不语。only+to do表示出乎意料的结果，表演和迎接是被动关系，用不定式的被动语态。故填to be greeted。
60. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________ (they quarrel) with each other. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have they quarrelled##have they quarreled
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和倒装。句意：这对老夫妇结婚40年了，从来没有吵过一次架。由“have been married”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，即have they quarrelled/quarreled，never是否定副词，位于句首，引起句子部分倒装，即将have提前到主语they的前面。故填have they quarrelled/quarreled。
61. Grandma Wang ________ (sit) for hours doing nothing when she was in her nineties. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】would sit
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：王奶奶九十多岁的时候，常常一坐就是几个小时，什么也不做。主句缺谓语，结合句意，表示“过去经常做某事”使用情态动词would+动词原形。故填would sit。
62. When ________ (cross) the road, the children are required to stop to look around and walk hand in hand. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】crossing
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和省略。句意：过马路时，孩子们被要求停下来环顾四周，手牵着手走。根据句意，when引导的时间状语从句表示“当孩子们在过马路时”，由are可知，句子时态用现在进行时，是when the children are crossing the road，主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是crossing。故填crossing。
63. ________ (judge) from what he said, we were sure that he didn’t know what had happened yesterday evening. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Judging
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。根据他所说的，我们可以肯定他不知道昨天晚上发生了什么事。judging from/by是固定短语，意为“根据……判断，由……推测”，用作独立结构，不用考虑逻辑关系的一致性，用法与generally speaking类似；句首单词首字母大写。故填Judging。
64. One of our rules is that every student ________ (wear) school uniform while at school. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】shall wear
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们的规定之一是每个学生在学校的时候必须穿校服。根据句意可知，此处是学校的规定，包含命令的语气。情态动词shall用于陈述句的第二人称或第三人称时，表达说话者的命令、警告或允诺。故填shall。
65. Mr. Lee couldn’t know the incident happening in the company, because he ________ (treat) for a sprain (扭伤) in the hospital. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was being treated
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：李先生不可能知道发生在公司的事故，因为他当时正在医院接受扭伤治疗。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作应用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being treated。
第五节 短语填空(共10小题;每小题0.5分，满分5分)
从所给短语中(一个多余)选择并用其正确形式完成句子。
in turn occur to break out far and wide break down call for
spring to mind get rid of give rise to at large safe and sound
66. When I decided to quit my full time employment, it never ________ me that I might become a part of a new international trend.
67. With the development of the economy, the country ________ is hoping for further political and economic reforms.
68. People are influenced by their environment and, ________, influence their environment.
69. Internet access has proven so popular that it has ________ a new kind of social epidemic, Internet addiction.
70. I have to get to Manchester today and my own car has ________, which makes me worried.
71. Everyone was brought up to know that we should ________ the bad style and keep the good.
72. The plane landed at the airport ________ in spite of the frightening storm.
73. Fighting has ________ on the border and is expected to continue until a settlement is reached.
74. Kindness and honesty are words that ________ when talking of that man.
75. The present economic situation ________ rapid action by the government.
【答案】66. occurred to
67. far and wide
68. in turn
69. given rise to
70. broken out
71. get rid of
72. safe and sound
73. broken out
74. spring to mind
75. calls for
【解析】
【分析】从所给短语中(一个多余)选择并用其正确形式完成句子。
【66题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：当我决定辞掉我的全职工作时，我从未想过我可能会成为国际新趋势的一部分。分析句子可知，空格处是主句谓语动词，结合句意和选项可知，应使用动词短语occur to构成固定句型it occur to sb. that...，意为“某人突然想到……”；结合从句时态，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态。故填occurred to。
【67题详解】
考查副词短语。句意：随着经济的发展，全国各地都希望进行进一步的政治和经济改革。结合句意和选项，表示“到处”，用副词短语far and wide作地点状语。故填far and wide。
【68题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：人受到环境的影响，反过来又影响环境。结合句意和选项，表示“反过来”，用介词短语in turn作状语。故填in turn。
【69题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：事实证明，上网如此受欢迎，以至于导致了一种新的社会流行病——网瘾。分析句子可知，空格处是从句谓语动词，结合句意，表示“导致，引起”，用动词短语give rise to，结合助动词has可知，应使用过去分词形式构成现在完成时态。故填given rise to。
【70题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：我今天要去曼彻斯特，我自己的车坏了，这让我很担心。分析句子可知，空格处是分句谓语动词，结合句意，表示“出故障，坏掉”，用动词短语break out，结合助动词has可知，应使用过去分词形式构成现在完成时态。故填broken down。
【71题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：每个人从小到大都知道，我们应该摆脱坏的作风，保留好的。分析句子可知，空格处是从句谓语动词，结合句意，表示“摆脱”，用动词短语get rid of，在情态动词should后用动词原形。故填get rid of。
【72题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：尽管有可怕的暴风雨，飞机还是安然无恙地降落在机场。结合句意和选项，表示“安然无恙”，用形容词短语safe and sound作状语。故填safe and sound。
【73题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：边界上爆发了战斗，预计战斗将持续到达成解决方案为止。分析句子可知，空格处是分句谓语动词，结合句意，表示“爆发”，用动词短语break out，结合助动词has可知，应使用过去分词形式构成现在完成时态。故填broken out。
【74题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：谈到那个人，我的脑海中就会浮现出善良和诚实的字眼。分析句子可知，空格处是从句谓语，结合句意，表示“浮现在脑海，想到”，用动词短语spring to mind；结合主句时态，描述现在的事情，用一般现在时态，又因关系代词that指代先行词words，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。故填spring to mind。
【75题详解】
考查动词短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：目前的经济形势要求政府迅速采取行动。分析句子可知，空格处是句中谓语动词，结合句意和选项，表示“要求，需要”，用动词短语call for，描述现在的情况，用一般现在时态，又因主语situation是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填calls for。
第四部分 应用文写作(满分15分)
76. 随着智能手机的普及，校园里携带手机的同学也越来越多，由此产生了很多不良影响。假定你是学生会主席李华，请代表学生会写一份英文倡议书，呼吁同学们专心学习，不要将手机带进校园。
注意：1 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students’ Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
More and more students come to school with smartphones, which make them unable to concentrate on study. I advocate all not to carry smartphones to school on behalf of the Students’ Union of our school.
Some students get so addicted to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected. Besides, the smartphone will occupy the spare time with friends, resulting in less emotional exchange with them.
Only a complete ban on students bringing the smartphone to school can stop the harm that it may bring to us students. Together, let’s say No to smartphones at school.
Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生代表学生会写一份英文倡议书，呼吁同学们专心学习，不要将手机带进校园。
【详解】1.词汇积累
影响：affect→impact
另外：besides→moreover
占据：occupy→take up
导致：result in→lead to
2.句式拓展
陈述句变倒装句
原句：Some students get so addicted to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected.
拓展句：So addicted do some students get to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Some students get so addicted to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected. (运用了so...that...引导的结果状语从句)
[高分句型2] Only a complete ban on students bringing the smartphone to school can stop the harm that it may bring to us students. (运用了部分倒装句和that引导的定语从句)
省镇中高一年级第二学期三月检测(英语)
第一部分：听力(共两节，20小题，每题1.5分，满分30分)
第一节 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What was the weather like in the afternoon?
A. Windy. B. Sunny. C. Rainy.
2. How does the man sound?
A. Worried. B. Confident. C. Afraid.
3. What is the conversation mainly about?
A. Going on holiday. B. Taking photographs. C. Getting a new passport.
4. Why did the man go to see a doctor?
A. He can only see things up close. B. He gets glasses for the woman. C. He doesn’t like his old glasses.
5. What are the speakers going to do next?
A. Stay at home. B. Play with snow. C. Play badminton.
第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the woman want to replace the sofa?
A. It is uncomfortable. B. It is really old. C. It doesn’t match the table.
7. What do the speakers agree to do?
A. Change the table. B. Buy a reading lamp. C. Move a lamp onto the table.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What did the man use last weekend?
A. A shared bike. B. A shared charger C. A shared umbrella.
9. What is the woman going to talk about next?
A. The proper ways to use the sharing product.
B. Her attitude towards the sharing economy.
C. The advantages of the sharing economy.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What has the man found?
A. An old door. B. A secret dinner. C. An interesting wall.
11. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A Boss and secretary. B. Father and daughter. C. Husband and wife.
12. Where are the speakers?
A. In a shop. B. In a house. C. In a castle.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing?
A. Eating a meal. B. Cooking a meal. C. Having an interview.
14. How long has the man been cooking?
A. Only recently. B. Since he was a kid. C. Since he was twenty years old.
15. Why does the man mention rice and noodles?
A. To give an example. B. To name his favorite food. C. To show his best cooking.
16. What is the most important for cooking according to the man?
A. Rich flavors. B. Freshness of food. C. Different styles of cooking.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is Cathy’s nationality?
A. Chinese. B. German. C. American.
18. When will they start making dumplings?
A. At 4 p.m. B. At 6 p.m. C. At 8 p.m.
19. How will Cathy come to the speaker’s house probably?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By taxi.
20. What does the speaker think Cathy may worry about?
A. Going back too early. B. Staying there too long. C. Having difficulty watching TV shows.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Summer Schools
As the UK’s top ranked summer schools, these schools will deliver an outstanding summer experience in a multi-national, fun, and secure setting.
Oxford Summer School
Oxford Summer School enables students to live and study in an Oxford University College during the summer. The summer program is designed to give students a chance to study at university, meet other students from around the world and explore the famous city of Oxford.
Ages: 15-17
Dates: 15 July-30 August
Cambridge Summer School
Join us to live and study in the noted university city of Cambridge. Explore the city that shaped some of the world’s famous minds, including Sir Isaac Newton and Sylvia Plath. Follow in their footsteps as you experience your chosen subject through a series of lectures and workshops.
Ages: 15-17
Dates: 20 July-28 August
Earlscliffe Summer School
Earlscliffe Summer School is ideally located for both access to London and to a variety of local attractions. The campus is formed of seven Victorian and Edwardian buildings, all recently renovated (翻新) to provide high-quality teaching and residential facilities.
Ages: 13-17
Dates: 20 June-31 July
Rochester College Summer School
Rochester Independent College, one of the UK’s most well-established independent colleges, is proud to offer a range of distinctive summer courses. We are offering four different courses in very small classes where international visitors will study and socialize alongside local students.
Ages: 13-17
Dates: 25 June-28 July
1. Which of the following starts earliest?
A. Oxford Summer School. B. Cambridge Summer School.
C. Earlscliffe Summer School. D. Rochester College Summer School.
2. What can students do in the first two summer schools?
A. Socialize with local students. B. Explore the noted university city.
C. Organize lectures and workshops. D. Interview the world’s great minds.
3. Where can the text be found?
A. In a history book. B. In an art magazine. C. In a research article. D. In an education brochure.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所暑期学校的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Oxford Summer School部分的“Dates: 15 July — 30 August(日期：7月15日到8月30日)”，Cambridge Summer School部分的“Dates: 20 July — 28 August(日期：7月20日到8月28日)”，Earlscliffe Summer School部分的“Dates: 20 June — 31 July(日期：6月20日到7月31日)”以及Rochester College Summer School部分的“Dates: 25 June — 28 July(日期：6月25日到7月28日)”可知，Earlscliffe暑期学校最早开始。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Oxford Summer School部分中“The summer program is designed to give students a chance to study at university, meet other students from around the world and explore the famous city of Oxford.(该暑期项目旨在让学生有机会在大学里学习，与来自世界各地的其他学生见面，并探索著名的牛津城)”以及Cambridge Summer School部分中“Join us to live and study in the noted university city of Cambridge.(加入我们，在著名的剑桥大学城生活和学习。)”可知，前两所暑期学校的学生可以探索著名的大学城。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“As the UK’s top ranked summer schools, these schools will deliver an outstanding summer experience in a multi-national, fun, and secure setting.(作为英国排名第一的暑期学校，这些学校将在多国、有趣和安全的环境中提供出色的暑期体验。)”且结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了四所暑期学校的情况，因此文章可以在教育小册子上找到。故选D。
B
Cristina, a teen who grew up in a poor neighborhood in Madrid, never imagined herself playing the violin. But today she is first violinist in an inventive orchestra (乐团), bringing together two dozen other disadvantaged youths, using instruments made from recycled materials. “I am really happy, because the project has changed my life a lot,” said Cristina, her eyes gleaming.
Luis, 18, credits the project with keeping him on a right track in a neighbourhood like Vallecas, which has a high school dropout rate. “Instead of meeting up with friends, I preferred to listen to music, play it, and little by little it became a way of life,” he said.
The project, called “Music of Recycling”, aims to breathe new life into junk while also benefiting youths from disadvantaged backgrounds and it is run by Spanish environmental group Ecoembes and is inspired by Paraguay’s Cateura orchestra, made up of musicians from a poor neighborhood who play instruments made from materials found in waste.
After Ecoembes invited the Cateura orchestra to perform in Madrid in 2014, the group decided to found its own similar ensemble (小乐团) that same year, said Gil, the director of Music of Recycling. The ensemble put on its first concert just four months later and “the kids could not play more than four notes,” said Gil.
Now after having performed in cities across Spain, “We already have four boys studying in scholarships at music schools,” he added. More than 100 children are taking music classes from members of the orchestra as part of the project.
The instruments are created by Soler, a third-generation instrument maker, from cans, wooden boxes and parts of abandoned instruments. He tried to make the instruments as close to their “normal” shape as possible so the children won’t have difficulty playing regular equipment in the future.
4. What does the author intend to do by referring to Cristina and Luis?
A. Praise the teens for their efforts. B. Introduce the startup of the project.
C. Show the effects of the project. D. Present ways to mix music and recycling.
5. Where does the project’s inspiration come from?
A. A group of musicians. B. A children’s orchestra.
C. Disadvantaged youths. D. An environmental group.
6. What can we learn about the project?
A. It was started in 2014. B. It was funded by the government.
C. It spread across the world. D. It made a large amount of money.
7. What’s Soler’s attitude towards the project?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncaring.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了贫民窟长大的克里斯蒂娜，因为喜好音乐，通过改造回收的材料制作乐器，然后带领一批同样喜欢音乐的年轻人组建乐队，制造乐器进而改变人生的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I am really happy, because the project has changed my life a lot,” said Cristina, her eyes gleaming.(我真的很高兴，因为这个项目改变了我的生活很多，克里斯蒂娜说，她的眼睛闪闪发光)”以及第二段“Luis, 18, credits the project with keeping him on a right track in a neighborhood like Vallecas, which has a high school dropout rate.(18岁的路易斯认为，这个项目让他在巴列卡斯这样的社区走上了正确的道路，那里的高中辍学率很高)”可知，这一项目对克里斯蒂娜和路易斯的人生产生了重要的影响。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“it is run by Spanish environmental group Ecoembes and is inspired by Paraguay’s Cateura orchestra(它是由西班牙环保组织Ecoembes运营的，其灵感来自巴拉圭Cateura乐团)”可知，这一项目的灵感来自于Cateura乐团的音乐家们。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“After Ecoembes invited the Cateura orchestra to perform in Madrid in 2014, the group decided to found its own similar ensemble (小乐团) that same year (在2014年Ecoembes邀请Cateura乐团在马德里演出之后，同年这个团队决定发建立自己的小乐团)”可知，他们建立自己的小乐队也是在2014年。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“He tried to make the instruments as close to their “normal” shape as possible so the children won’t have difficulty playing regular equipment in the future.(他试图让这些乐器尽可能地接近它们的“正常”形状，这样孩子们以后玩普通乐器就不会有困难了)”可知Soler正在努力为这一项目贡献自己的力量，因此可以推断出，他对这一项目是持支持态度的。故选B。
C
Robots are slowly entering the field of real-time multitasking, but before they can make it, their computing system must be updated.
“To truly cross that bridge, the robot needs high computing power, high-making speed, low power consumption, high flexibility of resource scheduling, and user-friendly computing parts, so as to run algorithms (算法) locally in real time,” Shi Luping, a professor at Tsinghua University and Ma Songchen, a Tsinghua Ph.D. candidate wrote in an email.
Right now, processing units cannot efficiently meet AI’s needs for economical and adaptable processing. But neuromorphic (神经形态的) systems could be a solution. To invent a new neuromorphic computing system that can completely support the networks, Ma and his colleagues first created a framework called Rivulet. “It’s challenging to design robot-friendly equipment, and there are few multitasking professors specifically designed for intelligent robots,” wrote Shi and Ma. “We think of how we process information to make decisions reflexively — it’s the quality of brain regions. Then we came up with a Rivulet model, which enables multiple network tasks to schedule resources on the chip efficiently and flexibly.”
Employing the Rivulet model, the scientists built an electronic chip labeled TianjicX, as well as additional software. They put both into a mobile robot named Tianjiecat and ran it through a cat-and-mouse game. During the game, Tianjiecat had to carry out a variety of AI instructions to catch the robot mouse, which moved randomly (任意地) within a space with barriers using visual recognition and sound detection. Analysis showed TianjicX decreased the amount of power Tianjiecat used by half while processing information and significantly cut down on delays between making decisions and acting on them.
“We provide an exploration platform for AI researchers and promote the study of brain inspired intelligence,” wrote Shi. “Our platform also has great potential to be applied in edge computing scenes due to its ability of multitask processing, such as autonomous driving and the Internet Things.”
8. Which is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?
A. Basics of computing systems. B. Challenges in developing AI.
C. The secret to robots’ multitasking. D. The tendency toward multitasking.
9. Where did the scientists get the idea of Rivulet?
A. From their life experiences. B. From the cat-and-mouse game.
C. From the feature of human brains. D. From the invention of neuromorphic systems.
10. How does the chip function in the game?
A. By controlling movements of the robot mouse. B. By sending out comprehensive AI instructions.
C. By enabling Tianjiecat to avoid barriers accurately. D. By lowering energy and time Tianjiecat consumes.
11. What do Shi’s words imply in the last paragraph?
A. Multitasking is essential in many fields. B. Current AI research is far from satisfactory.
C. AI has appeared in many real-life situations. D. The new system will have wide applications.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清华大学科研人员研发出的TianjicX芯片和相关软件在智能机器人Tianjicat上的应用，以及这些研究成果的应用前景。
【8题详解】
段落大意题。根据第一段“Robots are slowly entering the field of real-time multitasking, but before they can make it, their computing system must be updated.(机器人正在慢慢进入实时多任务领域，但在他们能够做到这一点之前，必须更新其计算系统)”和第二段中“To truly cross that bridge, the robot needs high computing power, high-making speed, low power consumption, high flexibility of resource scheduling, and user-friendly computing parts, so as to run algorithms (算法) locally in real time(要真正跨越这座桥，机器人需要高计算能力、高决策速度、低功耗、资源调度的高度灵活性和易于使用的计算部件，以便在本地实时运行算法)”可知，第二段主要讨论了机器人多任务处理的秘诀。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We think of how we process information to make decisions reflexively — it’s the quality of brain regions. Then we came up with a Rivulet model, which enables multiple network tasks to schedule resources on the chip efficiently and flexibly.(我们思考我们是如何处理信息以反射性地做出决定的——这是大脑区域的质量。然后我们提出了一个Rivulet模型，它使多个网络任务能够高效灵活地调度芯片上的资源)”可知，科学家们想到人脑是如何处理信息以本能地作出决定的，然后他们提出了创建Rivulet模型的想法。由此可知，科学家们从人脑的特征中得到了Rivulet模型的想法。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Analysis showed TianjicX decreased the amount of power Tianjiecat used by half while processing information and significantly cut down on delays between making decisions and acting on them.(分析显示，TianjicX在处理信息时将Tianjicat使用的能量减少了一半，并显著减少了决策和执行决策之间的延迟)”可知，TianjicX在游戏过程中减少了Tianjicat消耗的能量和决策和行动之间的延迟。由此可知，通过减少Tianjicat所消耗的功率和时间，实现了芯片在游戏中的功能。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中施路平的话“Our platform also has great potential to be applied in edge computing scenes due to its ability of multitask processing, such as autonomous driving and the Internet Things.(由于我们的平台具有多任务处理能力，例如自动驾驶和物联网，我们的平台在边缘计算场景中也有很大的应用潜力)”可推知，这一新系统有广泛的应用价值。故选D。
D
A workday filled with mentally challenging tasks can make people feel worn out and desire a relaxing evening of TV shows. A study led by Antonius Wiehler of Pitié-Salpêtrìère University Hospital provides an explanation for this familiar phenomenon.
Researchers arranged for two sets of subjects to work for over six hours. The first group was assigned a difficult version of tasks, while the second was given a simple version. They measured levels of glutamate (谷氨酸) that collected in the cognitive area of subjects’ brains, finding higher levels of the chemical appeared in the first group, although both groups reported feeling similar levels of tiredness after the daylong experiment. Glutamate helps learning and memory, but too much glutamate can give rise to brain cell damage.
Also, when researchers offered financial choices, as a measure of whether the difficulty of work affected subjects’ decision-making ability, those finishing harder tasks were more likely to choose to take home an immediate reward rather than wait for a larger cash-out at a later date. “Existing theories suggested fatigue (疲劳) is an unreal feeling cooked up by the brain to make us relax,” Wiehler says. “Yet our findings provide proof that cognitive work causes the collection of bad substances, so fatigue would be signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve normality of brain functioning.”
“Defining what fatigue is remains a challenge for the field, says neuroscientist Matthew Apps, “but it’s exciting that this experiment provides a reasonable alternative explanation that is of great help.” He notes some areas where these findings might come in. For people in jobs requiring intense focus, burnout can lead to damaging consequences. Preventing glutamate’ building may help maintain attention. Another area of interest would be researching clinical conditions related to fatigue. The presence of glutamate might reveal why patients struggle with fatigue.
For Wiehler, open questions remain. One limitation is their focus on the brain’s specific region, so what impact cognitively effortful work has on the rest parts remains to be seen. In addition, it’s not yet clear how the balance of glutamate is restored after rest. “Maybe it leaves the brain during sleep,” Wiehler says. “There’s tons of research to come.”
12. What was found in the experiment?
A. People who work longer expect higher rewards.
B. Tasks’ difficulty greatly affects levels of fatigue.
C. Tougher tasks cause more glutamate to build up.
D. Decision-making is linked with financial factors.
13. What might the researchers agree about fatigue?
A. It bothers people in the workplace. B. It mainly results from mental stress.
C. It signals the necessity of relaxation. D. It serves as a protection for the brain.
14. What is stressed in Paragraph 4?
A. Reliability of the finding. B. The practical use of the study.
C. The challenge in the cognitive field. D. Urgency to solve fatigue-related problems.
15. What might Wiehler explore next?
A. What limitations their experiment has.
B. Whether the balance of glutamate can recover.
C. Why rest is important for the brain to function well.
D. How demanding tasks affect other areas of the brain.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究解释了充满挑战精神的任务的工作日会让人精疲力竭，想要一个放松的晚上看电视这一现象，介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first group was assigned a difficult version of tasks, while the second was given a simple version. They measured levels of glutamate (谷氨酸) that collected in the cognitive area of subjects’ brains, finding higher levels of the chemical appeared in the first group, although both groups reported feeling similar levels of tiredness after the daylong experiment.(第一组被分配了难度较大的任务，而第二组被分配了简单的任务。他们测量了受试者大脑认知区收集的谷氨酸水平，发现第一组受试者的谷氨酸水平较高，尽管在一天的实验后，两组受试者都报告了相似的疲劳感)”可知，在实验中发现更困难的任务会导致更多的谷氨酸堆集。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Yet our findings provide proof that cognitive work causes the collection of bad substances, so fatigue would be signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve normality of brain functioning.(然而，我们的研究结果证明，认知工作会导致有害物质的聚集，所以疲劳是一个信号，让我们停止工作，但目的不同：保持大脑功能的正常)”可知，疲劳能保护大脑。故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段““Defining what fatigue is remains a challenge for the field, says neuroscientist Matthew Apps, “but it’s exciting that this experiment provides a reasonable alternative explanation that is of great help.” He notes some areas where these findings might come in. For people in jobs requiring intense focus, burnout can lead to damaging consequences. Preventing glutamate’ building may help maintain attention. Another area of interest would be researching clinical conditions related to fatigue. The presence of glutamate might reveal why patients struggle with fatigue.(神经科学家Matthew Apps说，对该领域来说，定义什么是疲劳仍然是一个挑战，“但令人兴奋的是，这个实验提供了一个合理的替代解释，它有很大的帮助。”他指出了这些发现可能涉及的一些领域。对于那些从事需要高度专注的工作的人来说，倦怠会导致破坏性的后果。防止谷氨酸盐的积聚可能有助于保持注意力。另一个感兴趣的领域是研究与疲劳有关的临床状况。谷氨酸的存在可能揭示了为什么病人会感到疲劳)”可知，第4段强调的是研究的实际应用。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“For Wiehler, open questions remain. One limitation is their focus on the brain’s specific region, so what impact cognitively effortful work has on the rest parts remains to be seen.(对于维勒来说，仍然存在悬而未决的问题。局限性之一是他们关注的是大脑的特定区域，所以认知努力工作对其他部分有什么影响还有待观察)”可推知，接下来会探索高要求的任务如何影响大脑的其他区域。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Perhaps you use your headphones to enjoy music and peace and quiet during the day. But you may be neglecting the dangers of hearing loss with headphones. ____16____ This is 30% higher than just 20 years before, and experts are pinning it on headphones.
In fact, headphones are not a bad thing. They can bring peace, allow for better musical enjoyment, and even protect your ears from higher decibels(分贝). ____17____
How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization, one hour per day. ____18____ But the fact is that the longer you listen, you’re going to lose your hearing sooner. To keep hearing loss from happening to you, you should follow the recommendation in place by the WHO that you keep your time with headphones on limited to one hour per day.
Then, how do you set the safest volume for your headphones? With headphones, it depends on the type you’re using and your environment. To test things out, you should take them off your ears and extend them in your hands out in front of you. ____19____ If you are using open-back headphones, you should try to have a conversation with someone nearby. When you’re able to carry on the conversation clearly, you’re listening at a proper volume. But do remember that never raise the volume on your listening device over 60% of the maximum!
____20____ At others this loss will build up over time. It usually isn’t noticeable in the beginning. It’s not until it’s too late that most people realize that the damage has been done. The only way to know for sure is to consult your doctor.
A. This might seem unreasonable to you.
B. At times, hearing loss isn’t permanent.
C. l in 5 teens will have some types of hearing loss.
D. What’s more concerning is what that means for children.
E. It’s the duration and volume that cause the problem, however.
F. If you still hear your music clearly, you need to turn them down.
G. It’s a wonderful thing to shut out the rest of the world and enjoy your music.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. A 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世卫组织的建议，每天戴耳机的时间限制在一小时之内。并且永远不要把你的听力设备的音量提高到最大音量的60％以上。
【16题详解】
前句“But you too neglect the dangers of hearing loss with headphones. (但你也忽视了戴耳机听力下降的危险。)”指出戴耳机会使听力下降，下文“This is 30％ higher than just 20 years before, and experts are pinning it on headphones. (这一数字比20年前高出30%，专家将其归咎于耳机。)”具体指出戴耳机耳朵受损的人数，空处应该承上启下，指出有一些人因戴耳机造成听力受损，C项“五分之一的青少年将有一些类型的听力损失。”符合。故选C项。
【17题详解】
根据第二段前文“In fact, headphones are not a bad thing. They can bring peace, allow for better musical enjoyment, and even protect your ears from higher decibels(分贝). (事实上，耳机并不是一件坏事。 它们可以带来平静，让你更好地享受音乐，甚至保护你的耳朵免受更高分贝的伤害。)”以及第三段第一二句“How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization, one hour per day. (你每天应该戴多久耳机？ 根据世界卫生组织的说法，答案是每天一小时。)”可知，空前指出了使用耳机的好处，但是空后第三段介绍了世界卫生组织的两个建议，即不要长时间戴耳机和不要太大音量，所以此处承上启下，指出造成问题的是持续时间和音量，E项“然而，导致问题的是持续时间和音量。”符合。故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据前文“How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization, one hour per day. (你每天应该戴多久耳机？根据世界卫生组织的说法，答案是每天一小时。)”以及后文“But the fact is that the longer you listen, you’re going to lose your hearing sooner. (但事实是，你听的时间越长，你失去听力的时间就越早。 )”可知，此处是承接上文，且和下文构成转折关系，A项“你可能觉得这不合理。”符合，选项中的“This”指代前文的“one hour per day”。故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据前文的“To test things out, you should take them off your ears and extend them in your hands out in front of you. (要测试这些东西，你应该把它们从耳朵上拿下来，把它们放到你面前)”可知，此处介绍了设置耳机最安全音量的方法，空处应该承接上文，继续对此进行描述，F项“如果你还能清楚地听到你的音乐，你需要把它们关掉。”符合，故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据后文的“At others this loss will build up over time. (在其他时候，这种损失会随着时间累积。)”可知，“at others”对应B项中的“at times”，此处是说有时，听力损失并不是永久性的。在其他时候，这种损失会随着时间而累积，B项“有时候，听力损失并不是永久性的。”符合。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用(共五节，满分55分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was a graduate student, I felt too busy to exercise. I promised myself I’d do it once I ____21____ school. I knew I would be busy as an assistant professor. ____22____, I believed in my will power.
When I started my first job at Williams College, I ____23____ did exercise regularly. It turned out that I was in a(n) ____24____ that offered excellent support for what I ____25____ to do.
Research shows that our ____26____ are influenced by whether our environment makes something easy or difficult. Even the smallest difference can have an outsized ____27____. In one study, researchers ____28____ items from the front to the back of a salad bar — a change of just 10 inches — and the ____29____ inconvenience made people eat less of these items.
My plan to exercise benefited from Williamstown’s long winter. People figured the best way through it was to get _____30_____ happily and enjoy it. I kept meeting people who were _____31_____ joggers. When I started, they were quick to offer social _____32_____. With so many runners in town, it was easy to find trails (小径), including those _____33_____ for beginners.
Do _____34_____ your environment to make challenging tasks easier. If you want to socialize, befriend outgoing persons. Or _____35_____ your cell phone when you need to concentrate on study. The right surroundings are more powerful than willpower alone.
21. A. attended B. finished C. started D. furthered
22. A. However B. Thus C. Instead D. Meanwhile
23. A. unwillingly B. virtually C. actually D. barely
24. A. occupation B. situation C. position D. environment
25. A. hoped B. insisted C. hesitated D. managed
26. A. experiences B. choices C. consequences D. emotions
27. A. advantage B. reward C. effect D. risk
28. A. examined B. concerned C. counted D. moved
29. A. obvious B. major C. unique D. slight
30. A. aboard B. outdoors C. home D. inside
31. A. enthusiastic B. sensitive C. independent D. ambitious
32. A. resources B. activities C. support D. service
33. A. instructive B. strange C. tough D. fit
34. A. change B. protect C. ignore D. accept
35. A. answer B. silence C. keep D. ring
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者结合自己锻炼的经历告诉我们环境会让我们的选择变得容易或困难。
21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我向自己保证，一完成学业我就参加锻炼。A. attended参加；B. finished完成；C. started开始；D. furthered促进。根据上文“When I was a graduate student, I felt too busy to exercise.”可知，作者在研究生期间太忙无暇锻炼，结合句中“I’d do it once I ____1____ school.”可推知，作者保证完成学业后就参加锻炼。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我相信自己的毅力。A. However然而；B. Thus因此；C. Instead相反；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“I knew I would be busy as an assistant professor.”可知，作者知道作为助理教授，自己仍然会很忙，但下文“I believed in my will power.”说相信自己的毅力，上下文之间为转折关系。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我在威廉姆斯学院开始我的第一份工作时，事实上我定期锻炼。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. virtually虚拟地；C. actually的确，事实上；D. barely几乎不，仅仅。根据上文“I promised myself I’d do it once I ____1____ school.”可知，作者之前就保证完成学业后会参加锻炼，结合句中“exercise regularly”可知，作者在参加工作后，确实开始了定期锻炼，actually“的确，真实地”符合语境。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，我所处的环境为我所希望做的事情提供了极好的支持。A. occupation占据，工作；B. situation状况；C. position位置，职位；D. environment环境。根据下文“Research shows that our ____6____ are influenced by whether our environment makes something easy or difficult.”和“Do ____14____ your environment to make challenging tasks easier.”可知，所处的环境会给我们带来一定的影响；environment是原词复现。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. hoped希望；B. insisted坚持；C. hesitated迟疑；D. managed设法，管理。根据上文“I promised myself I’d do it once I ____1____ school.”可知，此处是指作者希望做的事情。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，我们的选择受到环境使事情变得容易还是困难的影响。A. experiences经历；B. choices选择；C. consequences后果，结果；D. emotions感情，情绪。结合上文提到作者上学时因为忙很少锻炼和从事第一份工作后经常锻炼可推知，作者认为人们的选择受到环境的影响。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使是最小的差异也会产生巨大的影响。A. advantage优势；B. reward回报；C. effect影响，效果；D. risk风险。根据“the smallest difference”和下文“稍微移动沙拉柜台上食物的研究”可推知，此处是指小的差异有时甚至会产生巨大的影响。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一项研究中，研究人员将沙拉柜台上的食物从前面移到后面——仅仅改变了10英寸——这一点小小的不便让人们少吃了这些食物。A. examined检查；B. concerned担心，与……有关；C. counted数，重要；D. moved搬动，移动。根据“from the front to the back of a salad bar”可知，研究人员移动了沙拉柜台上的食物。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. obvious明显的；B. major主要的；C. unique独特的；D. slight稍微的，细微的。根据“a change of just 10 inches”可知，食物只往后移动了一点，因此只造成了稍微的不便。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们认为度过这个季节的最好办法就是开心地到户外去享受它。A. aboard在船/飞机/车/火车上；B. outdoors在户外；C. home在家；D. inside在里面。根据下文“With so many runners in town, it was easy to find trails (小径)”可知，人们认为度过冬天的最好办法就是去户外。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不断地遇到热心的慢跑者。A. enthusiastic热心的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. independent独立的；D. ambitious有抱负的。根据下文“they were quick to offer social ____12____.”推知，作者遇到的慢跑者都是热情的。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始（慢跑）时，他们很快就提供了社会支持。 A. resources资源；B. activities活动；C. support支持；D. service服务。根据下文“With so many runners in town, it was easy to find trails (小径), including those____13____for beginners.”可推知，作者得到了热心慢跑者的帮助，即社会支持。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城里有这么多跑步者，很容易找到路线，包括那些对初跑者来说很适合的路线。A. instructive有启发性的；B. strange奇怪的，陌生的；C. tough艰难的，棘手的；D. fit适当的。根据“it was easy to find trails”和“for beginners”推知，热心慢跑者推荐了适合初跑者的路线。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：改变你的环境，让挑战性的任务变得更容易。A. change改变；B. protect保护；C. ignore忽略；D. accept接受。根据下文“The right surroundings are more powerful than willpower alone.”并结合作者的经历推知，改变环境会让具有挑战性的工作变得容易。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者当你需要集中精力学习时，把手机调成静音。A. answer回答；B. silence使……安静；C. keep保持；D. ring响。根据“when you need to concentrate on study”可知，需要专注学习时，就把手机调成静音。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As China’s gig economy (零工经济) continues to grow, the central government is seeking better regulations ____36____ (serve) the rights of workers, develop new skills and startups and ensure healthy and balanced development in the job market. Gig workers, often referred to ____37____ independent contractors (承包者) or temporary workers, are those such as delivery drivers and online sales hosts ____38____ often enter into contracts with on-demand companies to provide services to their clients.
The guideline ____39____ (release) early on Thursday by five central departments to solve practical problems that are being faced today and are on the horizon among employees and employers in the gig economy.
In the past few years, with the rise of technology and the impact of the pandemic, the gig economy ____40____ (provide) opportunities to many people across a number of sectors, according to Pang Shi, director of one department. She said the gig economy provides an important way for people to improve their incomes, and ____41____ for seniors, the disabled or those with other difficulties, gig work provides less pressure than full-time employment.
Gig workers often have higher work ____42____ (efficient) because of new technology, ____43____ (break) the previous working limits of time and space. “The gig economy is showing growing importance to the stability of the job market, ____44____ (particular) facing current economic downturns,” Wei Xiang, ____45____ professor from the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, added.
【答案】36. to serve
37. as 38. who
39. was released
40. has provided
41. that 42. efficiency
43. breaking
44. particularly
45. a
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。随着中国零工经济的持续增长，中央政府正在寻求更好的监管，以保障工人的权利，发展新技能和创业，并确保就业市场的健康平衡发展。
【36题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：随着中国零工经济的持续增长，中央政府正在寻求更好的监管，以保障工人的权利，发展新技能和创业，并确保就业市场的健康平衡发展。根据“seeking better regulations”和“the rights of workers, develop new skills and startups and ensure healthy and balanced development in the job market”可知，此处是指寻求更好的监管的目的是保障工人的权利、发展新技能和创业并确保就业市场的健康平衡发展，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to serve。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：零工通常被称为独立承包商或临时工，是指例如送货司机和在线销售主持人这些人，他们通常与按需公司签订合同，为客户提供服务。refer to...as...意为“把……称为……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词as表示“作为”。故填as。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：零工通常被称为独立承包商或临时工，是指例如送货司机和在线销售主持人这些人，他们通常与按需公司签订合同，为客户提供服务。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词those是指人，所以应用关系代词who。故填who。
【39题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：该指导方针于周四早些时候由五个中央部门发布，以解决当前面临的实际问题，这些问题在零工经济中的雇员和雇主之间即将出现。根据“early on Thursday”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。动词release意为“发布”，和主语构成被动关系。主语guideline为第三人称单数。故填was released。
【40题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：一个部门的负责人庞石表示，过去几年，随着技术的发展和疫情的影响，零工经济为许多行业的许多人提供了机会。根据“In the past few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语economy为第三人称单数。故填has provided。
【41题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她说，零工经济为人们提高收入提供了一个重要途径，并且对于老年人、残疾人或有其他困难的人来说，零工工作比全职工作压力更小。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，与上文省略了引导词that宾语从句“the gig economy provides an important way for people to improve their incomes”一起作并列宾语，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用从属连词that，and连接两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的连词不能省略。故填that。
42题详解】
考查名词。句意：由于新技术的出现，零工工人往往有更高的工作效率，打破了以往工作时间和空间的限制。在动词have后应用名词efficiency表示“效率”作宾语。故填efficiency。
【43题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：由于新技术的出现，零工工人往往有更高的工作效率，打破了以往工作时间和空间的限制。动词break意为“打破”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主句构成主动关系，表示意料之中的结果，所以应用现在分词作结果状语。故填breaking。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：“零工经济对稳定就业市场越来越重要，尤其是在当前经济低迷的情况下。”中国社会科学院大学教授魏翔补充道。修饰动词facing应用副词particularly表示“尤其”作状语。故填particularly。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：“零工经济对稳定就业市场越来越重要，尤其是在当前经济低迷的情况下。”中国社会科学院大学教授魏翔补充道。professor意为“教授”，为可数名词，在此处第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
第三节 单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据首字母或中文提示写出句中所缺单词，注意使用正确形式。
46. He was so proud as to take his friends’ advice ________ (配不上) his notice, which caused a big damage to his company. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】beneath
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：他很骄傲，无视朋友的建议，这给他的公司造成了很大的损失。take … beneath one’s notice 表示“对……不屑一顾”。故填beneath。
47. The invention, which had been patented by the university, would have a wide range of a________ in industry. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】applications##pplications
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这项发明已获得该大学的专利，将在工业上有广泛的应用。由“The invention, which had been patented by the university”可知，句子表示“这项发明已获得该大学的专利，将在工业上有广泛的应用”，空格处意为“应用”，空前有a wide range of，空格处用复数，故填applications。
48. I am not satisfied with your explanation and intend to take the matter ________ (进一步). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】further
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意： 我对你的解释不满意,打算进一步探讨这个问题。“进一步”是further，副词作状语，修饰take，故填further。
49. The government has employed a double ________ (策略) to achieve these two objectives. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】strategy
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府采用了双重策略来实现这两个目标。“策略”是strategy，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填strategy。
50. The moment the whistle s________ the end of the match, an enthusiastic applause broke out in the stadium. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】signaled##ignaled
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：比赛结束的哨声一响，体育场里爆发出热烈的掌声。由“the whistle”和“the end of the match”可知，句子表示“比赛结束的哨声一响，体育场里爆发出热烈的掌声”，空格处意为“表示”，由首字母提示s可知，是signal，由broke是过去式可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填signaled。
51. It’s calculated that the number of people employed in ________ (农业) has fallen in the last decade. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】agriculture
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：据统计，在过去十年中，从事农业工作的人数有所下降。根据汉语提示“农业”以及此空是介词in后宾语，可知此空用不可数名词agriculture，故填agriculture。
52. As we all know that those anticancer drugs are effective, but also d________ to white blood cells. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】destructive##estructive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：众所周知，那些抗癌药物是有效的，但也会破坏白细胞。but表转折，因此句子表示“那些抗癌药物是有效的，但也会破坏白细胞”，空格处意为“破坏性的”，用形容词作表语，由首字母提示d可知，应用形容词destructive。故填destructive。
53. Feeling stressful, you can eat some chocolate for comfort to r________ your anxieties. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】relieve##elieve
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你感到有压力，你可以吃一些巧克力来缓解你焦虑。本句有谓语can eat，使用非谓语动词，结合句意和to可知，用不定式表目的。relieve one’s anxieties表示“减轻焦虑”。故填relieve或elieve。
54. We were delayed at the airport; o________ we would have been here by lunchtime.
【答案】otherwise
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们在机场被延误了，否则我们午饭前就到这儿了。这是一个虚拟语气的句子，“否则”可翻译为otherwise，故填otherwise。
55. New piles of evidence, as expected, has ________ (证实) the first witness’s story. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】confirmed##onfirmed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：不出所料，成堆的新证据证实了第一位证人的证词。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词confirm，由has可知，句子时态是现在完成时，空格处用过去分词。故填confirmed。
第四节 单句语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
在下列句子的空白处填入适当的连接词或括号内动词的正确形式。
56. Nobody but Betty and Marry ________ (be) late for class yesterday, which surprised all of us. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：除了贝蒂和玛丽，昨天上课没人迟到，这使我们大家都很吃惊。nobody but用单数谓语动词，结合后文surprised可知为一般过去时。故填was。
57. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach ________ (survive) the disaster without any loss of life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to survive
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：Goldshore海滩是当地唯一一个在这场灾难中没有任何人员伤亡的海滩。local beach前有the only修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，故填to survive。
58. We ________ (turn) off the radio and get into our sleeping bags when strong winds suddenly began to blow. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】were about to turn
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：我们正要关掉收音机，钻进睡袋，突然刮起了大风。根据句中“when”可知，空格处应填入be about to do表示“即将发生的动作”。be about to do sth. when (suddenly)...是固定句型，意为“正要做某事这时突然……”。根据句意判断，应该用过去将来时。故填were about to turn。
59. The performance had been intended to please the audience and draw their attention，only ________ ( greet ) with a cold silence, however．（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to be greeted
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这场演出原本是为了取悦观众，吸引观众的注意力，然而结果是观众却沉默不语。only+to do表示出乎意料的结果，表演和迎接是被动关系，用不定式的被动语态。故填to be greeted。
60. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________ (they quarrel) with each other. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have they quarrelled##have they quarreled
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和倒装。句意：这对老夫妇结婚40年了，从来没有吵过一次架。由“have been married”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，即have they quarrelled/quarreled，never是否定副词，位于句首，引起句子部分倒装，即将have提前到主语they的前面。故填have they quarrelled/quarreled。
61. Grandma Wang ________ (sit) for hours doing nothing when she was in her nineties. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】would sit
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：王奶奶九十多岁的时候，常常一坐就是几个小时，什么也不做。主句缺谓语，结合句意，表示“过去经常做某事”使用情态动词would+动词原形。故填would sit。
62. When ________ (cross) the road, the children are required to stop to look around and walk hand in hand. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】crossing
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和省略。句意：过马路时，孩子们被要求停下来环顾四周，手牵着手走。根据句意，when引导的时间状语从句表示“当孩子们在过马路时”，由are可知，句子时态用现在进行时，是when the children are crossing the road，主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是crossing。故填crossing。
63. ________ (judge) from what he said, we were sure that he didn’t know what had happened yesterday evening. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Judging
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。根据他所说的，我们可以肯定他不知道昨天晚上发生了什么事。judging from/by是固定短语，意为“根据……判断，由……推测”，用作独立结构，不用考虑逻辑关系的一致性，用法与generally speaking类似；句首单词首字母大写。故填Judging。
64. One of our rules is that every student ________ (wear) school uniform while at school. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】shall wear
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们的规定之一是每个学生在学校的时候必须穿校服。根据句意可知，此处是学校的规定，包含命令的语气。情态动词shall用于陈述句的第二人称或第三人称时，表达说话者的命令、警告或允诺。故填shall。
65. Mr. Lee couldn’t know the incident happening in the company, because he ________ (treat) for a sprain (扭伤) in the hospital. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was being treated
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：李先生不可能知道发生在公司的事故，因为他当时正在医院接受扭伤治疗。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作应用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being treated。
第五节 短语填空(共10小题;每小题0.5分，满分5分)
从所给短语中(一个多余)选择并用其正确形式完成句子。
in turn occur to break out far and wide break down call for
spring to mind get rid of give rise to at large safe and sound
66. When I decided to quit my full time employment, it never ________ me that I might become a part of a new international trend.
67. With the development of the economy, the country ________ is hoping for further political and economic reforms.
68. People are influenced by their environment and, ________, influence their environment.
69. Internet access has proven so popular that it has ________ a new kind of social epidemic, Internet addiction.
70. I have to get to Manchester today and my own car has ________, which makes me worried.
71. Everyone was brought up to know that we should ________ the bad style and keep the good.
72. The plane landed at the airport ________ in spite of the frightening storm.
73. Fighting has ________ on the border and is expected to continue until a settlement is reached.
74. Kindness and honesty are words that ________ when talking of that man.
75. The present economic situation ________ rapid action by the government.
【答案】66. occurred to
67. far and wide
68. in turn
69. given rise to
70. broken out
71. get rid of
72. safe and sound
73. broken out
74. spring to mind
75. calls for
【解析】
【分析】从所给短语中(一个多余)选择并用其正确形式完成句子。
【66题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：当我决定辞掉我的全职工作时，我从未想过我可能会成为国际新趋势的一部分。分析句子可知，空格处是主句谓语动词，结合句意和选项可知，应使用动词短语occur to构成固定句型it occur to sb. that...，意为“某人突然想到……”；结合从句时态，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态。故填occurred to。
【67题详解】
考查副词短语。句意：随着经济的发展，全国各地都希望进行进一步的政治和经济改革。结合句意和选项，表示“到处”，用副词短语far and wide作地点状语。故填far and wide。
【68题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：人受到环境的影响，反过来又影响环境。结合句意和选项，表示“反过来”，用介词短语in turn作状语。故填in turn。
【69题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：事实证明，上网如此受欢迎，以至于导致了一种新的社会流行病——网瘾。分析句子可知，空格处是从句谓语动词，结合句意，表示“导致，引起”，用动词短语give rise to，结合助动词has可知，应使用过去分词形式构成现在完成时态。故填given rise to。
【70题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：我今天要去曼彻斯特，我自己的车坏了，这让我很担心。分析句子可知，空格处是分句谓语动词，结合句意，表示“出故障，坏掉”，用动词短语break out，结合助动词has可知，应使用过去分词形式构成现在完成时态。故填broken down。
【71题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：每个人从小到大都知道，我们应该摆脱坏的作风，保留好的。分析句子可知，空格处是从句谓语动词，结合句意，表示“摆脱”，用动词短语get rid of，在情态动词should后用动词原形。故填get rid of。
【72题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：尽管有可怕的暴风雨，飞机还是安然无恙地降落在机场。结合句意和选项，表示“安然无恙”，用形容词短语safe and sound作状语。故填safe and sound。
【73题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：边界上爆发了战斗，预计战斗将持续到达成解决方案为止。分析句子可知，空格处是分句谓语动词，结合句意，表示“爆发”，用动词短语break out，结合助动词has可知，应使用过去分词形式构成现在完成时态。故填broken out。
【74题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：谈到那个人，我的脑海中就会浮现出善良和诚实的字眼。分析句子可知，空格处是从句谓语，结合句意，表示“浮现在脑海，想到”，用动词短语spring to mind；结合主句时态，描述现在的事情，用一般现在时态，又因关系代词that指代先行词words，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。故填spring to mind。
【75题详解】
考查动词短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：目前的经济形势要求政府迅速采取行动。分析句子可知，空格处是句中谓语动词，结合句意和选项，表示“要求，需要”，用动词短语call for，描述现在的情况，用一般现在时态，又因主语situation是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填calls for。
第四部分 应用文写作(满分15分)
76. 随着智能手机的普及，校园里携带手机的同学也越来越多，由此产生了很多不良影响。假定你是学生会主席李华，请代表学生会写一份英文倡议书，呼吁同学们专心学习，不要将手机带进校园。
注意：1 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students’ Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
More and more students come to school with smartphones, which make them unable to concentrate on study. I advocate all not to carry smartphones to school on behalf of the Students’ Union of our school.
Some students get so addicted to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected. Besides, the smartphone will occupy the spare time with friends, resulting in less emotional exchange with them.
Only a complete ban on students bringing the smartphone to school can stop the harm that it may bring to us students. Together, let’s say No to smartphones at school.
Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生代表学生会写一份英文倡议书，呼吁同学们专心学习，不要将手机带进校园。
【详解】1.词汇积累
影响：affect→impact
另外：besides→moreover
占据：occupy→take up
导致：result in→lead to
2.句式拓展
陈述句变倒装句
原句：Some students get so addicted to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected.
拓展句：So addicted do some students get to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Some students get so addicted to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected. (运用了so...that...引导的结果状语从句)
[高分句型2] Only a complete ban on students bringing the smartphone to school can stop the harm that it may bring to us students. (运用了部分倒装句和that引导的定语从句)
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