上海市格致中学2022-2023学年高一英语下学期3月月考试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份上海市格致中学2022-2023学年高一英语下学期3月月考试卷（Word版附解析），共25页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

格致中学2022学年度第二学期第一次测验
高一年级英语试卷
(测试100分钟内完成, 总分100分)
I. Listening Comprehension (16%)
Section A
Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. In the bank.
B. In the library.
C. In the restaurant.
D. In the supermarket.
2. A. Travel to Shanghai.
B. Have a meeting.
C. Dine with Mr. Kim.
D. Discuss their program.
3. A. Salesman and customer.
B. Husband and wife.
C. Manager and secretary.
D. Father and daughter.
4. A. He didn’t want to come early.
B. He carried a heavy bag/
C. He was delayed by a heavy truck.
D. He was held up in a traffic jam.
5. A. The woman will go to the airport by taxi.
B. The woman really likes taking buses.
C. The woman’s car has broken down.
D. The woman is asking the man for help.
6. A. He also thinks Tina looks great.
B. He thinks Tina should get a new dress.
C. He doesn’t agree with the woman.
D. He doesn’t like Tina’s silver dress.
7. A. She moved to Washington when she was young
B. She can provide little useful information.
C. She will show the man around Washington.
D. She will ask someone else to help the man.
8. A. He can speak German.
B. He knows both English and German.
C. He can read German books.
D. He knows nothing about German.
9. A. She couldn’t believe that the news about James was true.
B. She felt sorry for James’ being caught cheating by teachers.
C. She thought James shouldn’t have cheated in the final exam.
D. She showed no interest in any news about exams at all.
10. A. He acted in the play at the last minute.
B. He decided to quit at the last minute.
C. He wasn’t supposed to take part in the play.
D. He made up his mind to act in the play.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one passage and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Sending invitation cards to guests.
B. Reserving a table at least one day in advance.
C. Giving your order before you are seated.
D. Keeping calm and talking to your clients.
12. A. Some fruits. B. Cold dishes. C. A drink. D. A salad.
13. A. Consult the waiter about the dish in detail.
B. Tell everyone that you have certain dietary restrictions.
C. Write beforehand to say that you don’t care for some dishes.
D. Keep quiet and pretend that you enjoy the food.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation.
14. A. For a couple of weeks.
B. For a whole month.
C. For an academic year.
D. For as long as he needs it.
15. A. The man is writing his graduation paper.
B. The man hasn’t signed up for extended borrowing duration.
C. The woman allows the man to keep the book.
D. One professor has recalled the book the man is keeping.
16. A. Renew the book right now.
B. Have part of the book photocopied.
C. Sign up for another borrowing duration.
D. Buy a new copy at a campus bookstore.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (24%)
Section A (4%)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Some children think it is their parents’ business to earn money and __________ to spend it.
A. they B. them C. theirs D. their
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性物主代词。句意：一些孩子认为挣钱是父母的事而花钱才是他们的事。A. they(用作主语)他们，她们，它们；B. them(they的宾格)他们，她们，它们；C. theirs(they的所有格形式，名词性物主代词)他们的，她们的，它们的（所有物）；D. their(they的所有格形式，形容词性物主代词)他们的，她们的，它们的。句子结构以及句意分析可知，and表示并列，前面是their parents’ business，设空处指的是“他们（指主语Some children）的事”应为their business，可用名词性物主代词theirs指代their business。故选C。
2. The children at the Medical Care Centre were so friendly that it was __________ to interact with them than we had expected.
A. easy B. much easier C. less easier D. the easiest
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查比较级。句意：医疗中心的孩子们非常友好，与他们交流比我们想象的要容易得多。由than可知，空格处用比较级，easy的比较级是easier，用much修饰，故选B。
3. Mary’s eyes became weak with old age __________ she did simply not see the red light.
A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的眼睛随着年龄的增长而变得虚弱，以至于她根本看不见红灯。A. as long as只要；B. even though即使；C. in case以防；D. so that以至于。根据“Mary’s eyes became weak with old age”可知，玛丽的眼睛因年老而变得虚弱，所以她根本看不见红灯，so that引导结果状语从句。故选D。
4. __________ in thought while looking at the picture, she didn’t hear the knock at the door.
A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. To be lost
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她看着照片陷入沉思，没有听到敲门声。“didn’t hear”是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词， lost in thought是固定短语，意为“陷入沉思”，因此空格处用过去分词lost作状语，lose与逻辑主语she是被动关系。故选B。
5. Most women identified at least one trusted friends __________ they could turn in a trouble moment.
A. off which B. on which C. to whom D. up whom
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：多数女子会认定至少一个在处境困难时求助的可信赖的朋友。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词friends，turn to sb.“求助某人”，故先行词从句中作介词to的宾语，指人，用关系代词whom，故选C。
6. About 800,000 employees were forced to stay at home without __________ during the government shutdown.
A. being paid B. paid C. paying D. to be paid
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在政府关闭期间大约80万员工被迫无偿待在家里。without是介词，后面要用动名词作宾语，排除BD，pay支付，此句中与逻辑主语employees是被动关系，应该用动名词的被动语态。故选A。
7. Sometimes you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems __________ if you turn your head in its direction.
A. disappeared B. disappearing C. to be disappeared D. to disappear
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：有时你会看到你一侧的一个小东西，如果你把头转向它的方向，它似乎就消失了。seem to do是固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to disappear，故选D。
8. When I succeeded in becoming an employee of IBM China, many friends asked me __________ I survived the interview.
A. how B. that C. when D. why
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当我成功成为IBM中国的一名员工时，许多朋友问我是如何通过面试的。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，根据“I succeeded in becoming an employee of IBM China”可知。朋友问“我”是如何通过面试的，空格处意为“如何”，用how引导宾语从句，故选A。
Section B (10%)
Directions: After reading the beginning of The Old Man and the Sea below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, _____9_____ is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week.
It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast. The sail_____10_____ (patch v. 缝补) with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat.
The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from _____11_____ (handle) heavy fish on the cords. But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.
Everything about him was old _____12_____ his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.
“Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was hauled up. “I could go with you again. We’ve made some money.”
The old man had taught the boy _____13_____ (fish) and the boy loved him.
“No,” the old man said. “You’re with a lucky boat. Stay with them.”
“But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big _____14_____ every day for three weeks.”
“I remember,” the old man said. “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.”
“It was papa made me leave. I am a boy and I_____15_____ obey him.”
“I know,” the old man said. “It is quite normal.”
“He hasn’t much faith.”
“No,” the old man said. “_____16_____ we have, Haven’t we?”
“Yes,” the boy said. “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.”
“Why not?” the old man said. “Between fishermen.”
When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace.
“Santiago,” the boy said.
“Yes,” the old man said. He _____17_____ (hold) his glass and thinking of many years ago.
“Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?”
“No. Go and play baseball. I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.”
“I would like to go. If I cannot fish with you, I would like to serve in some way.”
“You bought me a beer,” the old man said. “You are already a man.”
“How old was I when you first took me in a boat?”
“Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly ______18______ (tear) the boat to pieces. Can you remember?”
【答案】9. which
10. was patched
11. handing
12. except 13. to fish
14. ones 15. must
16. But 17. was holding
18. tore
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了《老人与海》小说的一个片段：老渔民Santiago 84天内没有打捞上来一条鱼。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：可是，四十天没钓到鱼了，男孩的父母告诉他，老人现在肯定是“倒霉”了，这是最不吉利的表现。男孩听从他们的命令，坐上了另一条船，第一个星期就钓到了三条好鱼。句中先行词为salao，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【10题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：帆上用面粉袋打了补丁，收起来就像一面永远失败的旗帜。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。主语The sail为单数形式，且与patch之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was patched。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他的脸上布满了斑点，他的手上也有深深的疤痕，那是他用绳子钓大鱼时留下的。介词from后接动名词形式。故填handing。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：他身上的一切都显得苍老，除了他那双像大海一样的眼睛，充满了欢乐和不屈不挠的精神。名词his eyes前用介词形式。表示“除了……之外”，用介词except。故填except。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：老人教男孩钓鱼，男孩很喜欢他。teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事。故填to fish。
【14题详解】
考查代词。句意：但是你要记住，你是如何在没有鱼的情况下，连续八十七天，然后我们在三个星期里每天都能钓到大鱼。代指前面的复数名词fish，用代词ones。故填ones。
【15题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：我是个孩子，我必须服从他。动词原形obey前用情态动词。根据句意，用情态动词must，表示“必须”之意。故填must。
【16题详解】
考查连词。句意：“不，”老人说，“但我们有过，不是吗?”结合前文可知，表示转折关系，所以用转折连词but。故填But。
【17题详解】
考查时态。句意：他端着酒杯，回想起许多年前的往事。主语 He 与hold之间为主动关系。根据并列连词and后thinking可知，用过去进行时。故填was holding。
【18题详解】
考查时态。句意：五岁的时候，我把那条鱼钓上来的时候，鱼太新鲜了，差点把船撕成碎片。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。故填tore。
Section C (10%)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. established B. cultural C. freely D. introduce E. official
F. release G. extremely H. attraction I. drew J. unexpectedly
K. mystery
A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night. In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.
As a ___19___ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and ___20___ various art forms. In the show, “national treasure keepers” acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical ___21___. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures “come alive”.
This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be ___22___ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.
Last year, the museum ___23___ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary, Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has ___24___ 495 signposts and 1,400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) ___25___ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It ___26___ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its ___27___ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.
The museum is also a popular ____28____ among foreign leaders. For example, US President Donald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.
【答案】19. B 20. D
21. K 22. G
23. I 24. A
25. E 26. J
27. F 28. H
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了大型文化探索类节目《国家宝藏》。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：作为一档文化类综艺节目，《国家宝藏》旨在展示国宝的背景故事，将引进各种艺术形式。根据上文“A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure”可知，这是一档文化类节目，用形容词cultural“文化的”作定语，故选B。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处用动词作谓语，与to showcase并列，省略了不定式符号，作并列宾语，introduce“引进”符合句意，故选D。
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：在节目中，每件珍宝都将由名人和素人扮演的“护宝人”来展现，讲述他们与这些国宝的故事，诠释其背后的历史奥秘。形容词historical修饰名词，mystery“奥秘；秘密”符合句意，故选K。
【22题详解】
考查副词。句意：由于近年来在文化产品和自我宣传方面的努力，这不是北京故宫博物院第一次在中国的网络上受到极大的欢迎。修饰动词用副词作状语，extremely“非常”符合句意，故填extremely。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：去年，故宫吸引了如此多的关注，因为三集电视纪录片《故宫宗师》和同名电影的巨大成功。分析句子可知，空处需用动词作谓语，draw attention“吸引注意力”符合语境，根据时间状语last year用一般过去式，故选I。
【24题详解】
考查动词。句意：在过去的几年里，博物馆已经建立了495个指示牌，并提供了1400把新椅子。分析句子可知，空处需动词作谓语，establish“建立”符合句意，由时间状语和has可知用现在完成时态，establish用过去分词形式established，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词。句意：此外，故宫博物院在电子商务平台淘宝上开设了官方网店，销售相关产品。修饰名词store用形容词作定语，official“官方的”符合句意，故选E。
【26题详解】
考查副词。句意：它以幽默的风格和有趣的内容意外地席卷了互联网。修饰动词用副词作状语，unexpectedly“意外地”符合句意，故选J。
【27题详解】
考查名词。句意：与此同时，故宫博物院也发布了几款手机应用，其中一款在2013年发布后仅两周就获得了超过20万的下载量。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，根据句意，release“发行”符合语境，故选F。
【28题详解】
考查名词。句意：该博物馆也是外国领导人的热门景点。形容词修饰名词，作表语，attraction“向往的地方”符合句意，故选H。
II. Reading Comprehension (41%)
Section A (15%)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Instead of cruising in on a hover board, I rode my bike to the office today. The bicycle was invented in the 19th century. Instead of taking a pill for breakfast, I had a bacon roll, cooked using gas. Science fiction has ___29___ to us.
Making predictions is tricky, especially about the future, as physicist Niels Bohr joked. In science fiction, you can’t escape that ___30___ though. Since its birth in the 19th century, writers have ___31___ imagined the things to come: devices that humankind will invent to make life easier. But in so many instances, those promises have not come to pass. The biggest ___32___ are in travel-jet packs, hover boards and flying cars are not to fill the skies. Air travel has become significantly cheaper and wide-reaching, but only using distinctly 20th-century technology: commercial aeroplanes are much the same as they were 50 years ago.
___33___ is what science fiction frequently delivers, but its arrival in the real world has been unpredictable. Domestic robots with a degree of intelligence haven’t been ___34___, though robotic vacuum cleaners are commercially available-even if they are fairly hopeless. Video calls have now arrived-sort of-but conferencing on Skype is still dissatisfying. In mobiles, video call technology is now available, so when your dad rings to update you on his vegetable patch, he’ll be able to ___35___ your look of boredom.
The truth is that we quickly ___36___ the astonishment of invention: our wonderment is soon replaced with the feeling of nothing new. We should try to stay in that period of ___37___. It is astonishing that the contents of every book over written can be stored in a small box. Or that you can carry 10,000 albums on an object kept in your pocket. Or that almost all the information in the world can be accessed almost anywhere at any time. All these ____38____ are dependent on the emergence of the microchip and its place in computers. Yet sci-fi didn’t ____39____ the dominance of the computer in running our lives.
But the real area where ____40____ far outstrips (超过) predictions is medicine. Sure, fiction would describe humans as ‘disease-free’ but without going into detail. “Disease-free” humans are still absent, but the progress made in ____41____ life is breathtaking. With relative ease, we can sequence anyone’s genome, giving a read-out of our entire genetic code. This means we can find out the underlying genetic cause of thousands of diseases in minutes.
Photosensitive implants now exist that can replace damaged cells in the retina and can thus ____42____ sight to the blind. While the inventions of science fiction can show great ideas we’d like to happen, nothing ____43____ the inventiveness of people in the real world.
29. A. turned B. lied C. objected D. talked
30. A. opportunity B. challenge C. imagination D. conflict
31 A. hesitantly B. critically C. temporarily D. tirelessly
32. A. disappointments B. advancements C. enjoyments D. experiments
33. A. Modernization B. Exploration C. Automation D. Transportation
34. A. realized B. identified C. honoured D. liberated
35. A. imagine B. feel C. see D. ignore
36. A. arouse B. discover C. forget D. evaluate
37. A. frustration B. amazement C. boredom D. limitation
38. A. modes B. worries C. potentials D. actions
39. A. predict B. overlook C. motivate D. prevent
40. A. quality B. obstacle C. passion D. reality
41. A. maintaining B. creating C. researching D. encountering
42. A. show B. lend C. restore D. label
43. A. guarantees B. overestimates C. releases D. outperforms
【答案】29. B 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. D 41. A 42. C 43. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者对科幻小说的预测感到失望，但现实生活中人们的创造力还是令人期待的，在某些方面人们的创造力比科幻小说的预测更加优越。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：科幻小说欺骗了我们。A. turned转动；B. lied撒谎；C. objected反对；D. talked谈话。根据上文“Instead of cruising in on a hover-board, I rode my bike to the office today. The bicycle was invented in the 19th century. Instead of taking a pill for breakfast, I had a bacon roll, cooked using gas.（今天我没有骑悬浮滑板，而是骑自行车去了办公室。自行车是19世纪发明的。我早餐没有吃药，而是吃了一个熏肉卷，用煤气做的。）”可知作者说早上骑车去的办公室，而不是骑悬浮板，吃的是煤气做的熏肉卷，而不是药片，悬浮板和代替食物的药片都是科幻小说里面出现的事物，故作者想表达现实和科幻小说是不一样的，科幻小说欺骗了我们。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在科幻小说中，你无法逃避这种挑战。A. opportunity机会；B. challenge挑战；C. imagination想象；D. conflict冲突。根据空前内容“Making predictions is tricky, especially about the future, as physicist Niels Bohr joked. (正如物理学家尼尔斯·波尔(Niels Bohr)开玩笑说的那样，做出预测是很困难的，尤其是关于未来的预测。)”可知，预测是很难的，因此预测在科幻小说中是一种挑战，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：自19世纪诞生以来，作家们就孜孜不倦地想象着未来事情：人类将发明出让生活更轻松的设备。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. critically批判性地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. tirelessly不知疲倦地。根据下文“imagined the things to come: devices that humankind will invent to make life easier.”可知，自科幻小说诞生以来，作家们一直致力于想象着未来的事情，本处强调的是自科幻小说诞生以来就一直在想，因此空处用tirelessly“不知疲倦地”符合题意，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最令人失望的是旅行背包、悬浮滑板和飞行汽车还没有出现在空中。A. disappointments失望；B. advancements前进；C. enjoyments享受；D. experiments实验。根据上句“But in so many instances, those promises have not come to pass.”可知，但在许多情况下，这些承诺并未兑现，旅行背包、悬浮滑板和飞行汽车仍然没有出现，这是非常令人失望的，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动化是科幻小说中经常出现的东西，但它在现实世界中的出现是不可预测的。A. Modernization现代化；B. Exploration探索；C. Automation自动化；D. Transportation交通。根据下文的“Domestic robots with a degree of intelligence（具有一定智能的家用机器人）”可推知，此处指automation“自动化”，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：具有一定智能的家用机器人还没有实现，尽管机器人真空吸尘器在商业上是可行的——即使它们相当没有希望。A. realized实现；B. identify鉴定；C. honoured尊敬；D. liberated解放。根据下文“though robotic vacuum cleaners are commercially available —even if they are fairly hopeless.”可知，尽管能买到机器人真空吸尘器，但具有一定智能的家用机器人还是相当无望的，既然无望，那就是还未出现，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在移动电话领域，视频通话技术已经成熟，所以当你的父亲打电话告诉你他的菜地的最新情况时，他能看到你无聊的表情了。A. imagine想象；B. feel感觉；C. see看见；D. ignore忽视。根据前文“In mobiles, video call technology is now available”可知，视频通话技术已经成熟，所以通话时可以看到对方，故选C。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我们很快就会忘记发明的惊奇：我们的惊奇很快就会被没有新东西的感觉所取代。A. arouse引起；B. discover发现；C. forget忘记；D. evaluate评价。根据空后的“our wonderment is soon replaced with the feeling of nothing new”可知，此处指我们会很快忘记发明的神奇，取而代之的是没有新东西的感觉，故选C。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该努力停留在那个惊奇的时期。A. frustration沮丧；B. amazement惊奇；C. boredom厌倦；D. limitation限制。根据下句“It is astonishing that the contents of every book over written can be stored in a small box. Or that you can carry 10,000 albums on an object kept in your pocket.( 令人惊讶的是，每一本书的内容都可以储存在一个小盒子里。或者你口袋里的一个东西可以装一万张专辑。)”可知，每本书的内容都可以储存在一个小盒子里，或者可以把10000张专辑放在你口袋里，这些都是令人惊讶的事物，可推断我们应该停留在令人惊讶的那个发明的时代，故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些行动都取决于微芯片的出现及其在计算机中的地位。A. modes模式；B. worries担心；C. potentials潜力；D. actions行动。根据前文“It is astonishing that the contents of every book over written can be stored in a small box. Or that you can carry 10,000 albums on an object kept in your pocket. Or that almost all the information in the world can be accessed almost anywhere at any time.”可知，“把书储存在小盒子里”，“在口袋里携带10000本相册”以及“随时随地访问所有的信息”这些行动是取决于微芯片的存在，故选D。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，科幻小说并没有预测到电脑在我们生活中的主导地位。A. predict预测；B. overlook忽略；C. motivate刺激；D. prevent阻止。根据上文“All these ___10____are dependent on the appearance of the microchip and its place in computers.”可知所有这些行动都取决于微芯片的出现及其在计算机中的位置，这相对于传统的办法而言是非常具有优势的，结合上文内容可知，科幻小说的作者们孜孜不倦地预测未来的事情，但是没有预测到电脑在我们生活中的地位，故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但现实远远超出预测的真正的领域是医学。A. quality质量；B. obstacle障碍；C. passion热情；D. reality现实。根据下文 “Sure, fiction would describe humans as ‘disease-free’ but without going into detail. “Disease-free” humans are still absent.(当然，小说会把人类描述为“无疾病”，但没有详细说明。“无疾病”的人类仍然不存在。)”可知，小说中把人类描述成“无病”，但是没有过多的延展，说明医学领域的创造的现实超出预测，这里reality对应predictions，故选D。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“没有疾病”的人类仍然不存在，但在维持生命方面取得的进展是惊人的。A. maintaining维持；B. creating创造；C. researching调查；D. encountering遇到。根据下文“With relative ease, we can sequence anyone’s genome, giving a read-out of our entire genetic code. This means we can find out the underlying genetic cause of thousands of diseases in minutes.( 我们可以相对轻松地对任何人的基因组进行测序，读出我们的整个遗传密码。这意味着我们可以在几分钟内找出数千种疾病的潜在遗传原因。)”可知，完整读出记忆代码意味着可以几分钟内找出数千种疾病的潜在遗传原因，可知，虽然没有不会患病的人类出现，但在维持生命方面取得了很大的进步，故A项符合题意，故选A。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：光敏植入物现在已经存在，它可以取代视网膜上受损的细胞，从而恢复盲人的视力。A. show展示；B. lend借出；C. restore恢复；D. label贴标签于。根据空前内容“Photosensitive implants now exist that can replace damaged cells in the retina”可知，光敏植入物的出现可以使得盲人恢复视力，C项符合题意，故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然科幻小说的发明可以展示“我们希望发生”的伟大想法，但没有什么比现实世界中人们的创造力更强大。A. guarantees保证；B. overestimates对……评价过高；C. releases释放；D. outperforms胜过。根据前文“While the inventions of science fiction can show great ideas we’d like to happen”以及前文内容可知，作者认为医学领域的超前预见性，证明了人们的创造力优于科幻小说中的预测，故D项符合文意，故选D。
Section B (22%)
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
One recent night, while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal, my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked. “A prejudice had something in common with an ideal.” In other words, ideals general descriptions of people’s expectations of themselves and others can often lead us to unreasonable ideas. It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people. We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.
I grew up in a multi-racial corner of America. The different groups were often subject to narrow stereotypes: Jewish people were “greedy,” Mexicans were “poorly educated,” and Asians were “good at math.” These labels were taught to us from a young age. They wormed their way into our belief systems, harming how we came to see others. It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true. The rush-to-judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination (歧视).
You can also see these over-generalized description being made against today’s Chinese people. Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among millennials (千禧一代) being described as “monkish,” or “dad-fashion (复古作风)” which has given the “greasy middle-aged men” tag, stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.
It’s about time that we, as a society, walked away from generalizations and stereotypes. I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr. from his famous “I Have a Dream” speech: “I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” By reserving judgment and really getting to know the individual, you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation.
44. According to the passage, how do people tend to judge others?
A. By describing people’s personalities.
B. By truly getting to know those around.
C. By observing their noticeable features.
D. By following Martin Luther King’s speech.
45. According to the author, a culture of discrimination appears because ________.
A. people live in places of various races
B. people are born with unreasonable ideas
C. prejudices slightly influence people’s belief system
D. people usually make judgments without thinking twice
46. Examples of “millennials” and “dad-fashion” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal ________.
A. generalizations have unfavourable position in society
B. generalizations have a negative influence on our society
C. generalizations are found peculiar to the middle-aged Chinese
D. generalizations make today’s Chinese people lack interest or worry
47. The passage is mainly concerned with ________.
A. the common prejudice B. people’s expectation of themselves
C. the groundless worries D. the famous speech of Martin Luther King
【答案】44. C 45. D 46. B 47. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文中作者对“人们通常会不假思索地用狭隘的定型观念来概括某个群体的这一文化歧视现象”表达了自己的观点。作者希望要正确地，客观地看待其他人。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.”可知，我们喜欢用肤色、出生年份或其他相关因素对人进行刻板模式化的描述。所以判断出人们是通过观察他们明显的特征来判断别人的。故C选项正确。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段“The rush-to-judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination (歧视).”可知，人们急于做出判断，滋生了一种歧视文化。所以文化歧视的出现是因为人们通常会不假思索地做出判断。故D选项正确。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段“stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.”可知，刻板印象似乎总是在我们社会的意识中站稳脚跟。但是这些概括确实有害，因为这些印象可能会影响更广泛的人群。所以判断出第3段提到了“千禧一代”和“复古作风”的例子来揭示这些泛泛的概括对我们的社会有消极的影响。故B选项正确。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知人们通常会不假思索地用狭隘的定型观念来概括某个群体，这一文化歧视现象普遍存在于社会中，不同的人种被贴上不同的标签。对他人泛泛和进行刻板模式化的描述，对社会产生了消极的影响。所以判断出这篇文章主要关注的是普遍存在的偏见问题。故A选项正确。
【点睛】根据段落所提供的关键词是解决推理判断题的重要方法之一。关键词隐含着作者要表达的深层含义。由第三段“stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.中的“foothold”，“harm”“wider population”可知，刻板印象似乎总是在我们社会的意识中站稳脚跟。但是这些概括确实有害，因为这些印象可能会影响更广泛的人群。社会是由不同的人组成的，一旦刻板印象在我们社会的意识中站稳脚跟，影响了更多的人，就会对社会产生消极的影响。所以判断出第3段被提到的“千禧一代”和“复古作风”的例子就是要揭示这些泛泛的概括对我们的社会有消极的影响。故小题3的正确答案为B选项。
(B)
Six Best Places for ________ in Paris
Le Closerie des Lilas
This restaurant/cafe/brasserie is a true literary location. On the terrace, F. Scott Fitzgerald apparently first revealed the manuscript for The Great Gatsby to Ernest Hemingway. This spot in Montparnasse was also frequented by Paul Verlaine, Max Jacob and Henry Miller, among others.
171 Boulevard du Montparnasse
Les Deux Magots
Located in Saint-Germain-des-Pres on the Left Bank, Les Deux Magotx gets a mention in Nabokov's novel Lolita. It was also frequented by such heavyweights as Albert Gamus, James Joyce, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway. Even Julia Child liked the food enough to plant herself at one of its famed outdoor tables. Today, tables are occupied by tourists instead of typists, but it's worth paying a few euros for a coffee here.
6 Place Saint-Germain Des Pres
Pere Lachaise Cemetery
Perhaps the world's most famous resting place, Pere Lachaise is the home of Marcel Proust and Oscar Wilde, among scores of other famous people buried here. Singer and 'poet' Jim Morrison is, of course, famously six feet under in this verdant (郁郁葱葱的), ambient cemetery as well.
8 Boulevard de Menilmontant
Polidor
Ernest Hemingway, Paul Verlaine, James Joyce, Victor Hugo, Henry Miller, Arthur Rimbaud and Jack Kerouac all enjoyed classic French dishes like steak, beef Bourguignon, steak tartare, escargot, and foie gras at this sixth-arrondissement restaurant. In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here.
41 Rue Monsieur Le Prince
Bar Hemingway
F. Scott Fitzgerald used to put 'em back at this fashionable and expensive bar in the Ritz. Musician Cole Porter would spend hours nursing cocktails at the bar and even composed a tune or two here. And, of course, the bar's namesake. Mr Ernest Hemingway, was a regular and even likened the drinking space to heaven. He also mentions the bar in The Sun Also Rises.
15 Place Vendome
Shakespeare & Company
Since 1951, this Left Bank bookshop has been a central meeting point for the city's English-language lovers of great literature. It's also attracted many legendary writers as well. Williams Burroughs, Anais Nin, James Baldwin, Henry Miller, Paul Auster, Martin Amis and Zadie Smith, among countless others, have shopped for books or participated in literary events here.
37 Rue de la Bucherie

48. Your friend Jenny plans to go to Paris for travelling and she is a big fan of the famous movie director Woody Allen. Which place would you recommend that she visit?
A. 171 Boulevard du Montparnasse B. 41 Rue Monsieur Le Prince
C 8 Boulevard de Menilmontant D. 37 Rue de la Bucherie
49. Earnest Hemingway was a regular to the following places except ________.
A. Pere Lachasise Cemetery B. Les Deux Magots
C. Bar Hemingway D. Polidor
50. Which of the following phrases best complete the title?
A. Literature Lovers B. Experienced Tourists
C. Cuisine Enthusiasts D. History Researchers
【答案】48. B 49. A 50. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要向读者介绍了巴黎著名的6个热爱文学的人值得去的地方。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章介绍的第四个地方“Polidor”中“In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here.(在2011年的伍迪·艾伦的电影《午夜巴黎》中，主人公在这里遇到了海明威和萨尔瓦多·达利)”可知，你的朋友珍妮来巴黎旅游的话，一定最想去的是41 Rue Monsieur Le Prince。故选B。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章介绍的第二个地方“Les Deux Magots”中的“It was also frequented by such heavyweights as Albert Gamus, James Joyce, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway.(像阿尔伯特·加穆斯，詹姆斯·乔伊斯，贝托尔特·布莱希特，欧内斯特·海明威这样的重量级人物也经常光顾这里)”可知海明威经常来这里；以及文章介绍的第四个地方“Polidor”中“In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here.(在2011年的伍迪·艾伦的电影《午夜巴黎》中，主人公在这里遇到了海明威和萨尔瓦多·达利)”可知，这里也是海明威常来的地方；以及根据文章介绍的第五个地方“Bar Hemingway”中“Mr Ernest Hemingway, was a regular and even likened the drinking space to heaven.(欧内斯特·海明威先生是这里的常客，甚至把这里比作天堂)”可知，这里也是海明威常来的地方。所以B.Les Deux Magots以及C. Bar Hemingway以及D. Polidor都是海明威常去的地方。故选A。
【50题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一个地点中的介绍“This restaurant/cafe/brasserie is a true literary location.(这家餐馆，咖啡馆也可以称为小酒馆的地方是个真正的文学场所)”；第二个地点的介绍“It was also frequented by such heavyweights as Albert Gamus, James Joyce, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway.(像阿尔伯特·加穆斯，詹姆斯·乔伊斯，贝托尔特·布莱希特，欧内斯特·海明威这样的重量级人物也经常光顾这里)”；第三个地点中的介绍“Perhaps the world's most famous resting place, Pere Lachaise is the home of Marcel Proust and Oscar Wilde, among scores of other famous people buried here.(也许是世界上最著名的安息之地，在埋葬在这里的其他名人中，Pere Lachaise公墓是马塞尔·普鲁斯特和奥斯卡·王尔德的家)”；第四个地方的介绍“In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here.(在2011年的伍迪·艾伦的电影《午夜巴黎》中，主人公在这里遇到了海明威和萨尔瓦多·达利)”；第五个地方的介绍“Mr Ernest Hemingway, was a regular and even likened the drinking space to heaven.(欧内斯特·海明威先生是这里的常客，甚至把这里比作天堂)”，第六个地方的介绍“Since 1951, this Left Bank bookshop has been a central meeting point for the city's English-language lovers of great literature.(自1951年以来，这家左岸书店一直是这个城市中英语语言文学爱好者们的一个中心聚会点)”可知，这六个地方都是文学爱好者们喜欢去的地方，故标题应为：Six Best Places for Literature Lovers in Paris。故选A。
(C)
Spain’s Literary Genius
Four centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in world literature took his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the author of Don Quixote, is to the Spanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians — a national literary icon.
Cervantes’ book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because it’s a wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but we laugh, we laugh with recognition.
The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who loves romance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind. Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comic book fan who decides to dress up as a superhero to fight crime, and I’ll get the picture.
Setting the scene
Alonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic (贵族的) name that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he finds himself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinante is not exactly cut out for lite as a knight’s horse. He’s tired from years of farm work. He’s unlikely to be of much help in any fight against an enemy.
The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like the knights themselves. Quijano chooses Aldonze Lorenzo, a farmer’s daughter, to be his beloved. She becomes “Dulcinea del Toboso”, or “the sweet woman of Toboso”. How does Aldonza feel about Quijano’s attentions? She doesn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet another byproduct of Quijano’s imagination, like so many things.
Finding a sidekick
Now comes Cervantes’ second great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Qiujano’s house Panza is promoted to the role of squire (随从), because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil (衬托) to his foolish master.
The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight’s should be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on behalf of justice, but he doesn’t often succeed.
Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Qiujano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of Cervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.
51. On what occasion did the author write this review?
A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.
B. An Italian Poet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.
C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.
D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.
52. Which role is Alonso Quijano most likely to identify with?
A. Miguel de Cervantes. B. Don Quixote de La Mancha.
C. Dulcinea del Toboso. D. Sancho Panza.
53. What can be inferred from the passage?
A Don Quixote’s failure to distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.
B. Quijano manages to bring justice to the world by means of force.
C. Quijano is a Spanish aristocrat with great ambition.
D. Reading romance novel will make people behave in a foolish way.
54. According to the author, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiece because ________
A. Cervantes is equal to Shakespeare and Dante as a national literary icon
B. Quijano’s adventure is romantic and heroic
C. Cervantes’ has a genius for personifying Quijano’s quixotic nature in a truthful comedy
D. Quijano’s vivid imagination has brought other minor characters to life.
【答案】51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西班牙的文学天才米格尔·德·塞万提斯的喜剧小说《堂吉诃德》，并对其写作手法“堂吉诃德式”进行了称赞评论。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第1句内容Four centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in world literature took his last breath.(400年前，这位世界文学中最伟大的喜剧人物之一的作者咽下了最后一口气)可知，作者是在米格尔·德·塞万提斯逝世400周年的时候写了这篇评论。故选D项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段第1句内容Alonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic name that suits his ambition of being a knight.(阿隆索·基哈诺将自己重新命名为“堂吉诃德·德·拉曼查”，这是一个符合他成为一名骑士抱负的贵族名字) 可推知，他自己认为能够符合自己的角色的名字应是唐吉可德。故选B项。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段末尾内容Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but we laugh, we laugh with recognition.(堂吉诃德，像一般人一样，很难区分现实和想象。读者可能会嘲笑他奇怪的行为，但我们笑了，我们笑的认可)可知，小说里的唐吉可德对于现实和想象的难以区分而做出的奇怪行为使读者发笑，因此选项A“Don Quixote’s failure to distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.(堂吉诃德没能把现实和想象区分开，这让读者很开心)为合理推断。故选A项。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章末尾内容Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Qiujano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of Cervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.(塞万提斯的小说激发了一个词来概括丘哈诺的浪漫天性：“堂吉诃德式的”。在英语中，我们用这个词来形容一个理想主义的人，但他在追求自己的理想时很愚蠢。这是塞万提斯天才的一个标志，他能够识别出这个特点，并将它人格化，使用这样一个伟大的喜剧人物。在这个重要的时刻，我们应该感谢他)可知，作者认为读者应该因为他用于描述小说人物的手法“堂吉诃德式”是值得读者认同钦佩的。故选C项。
【点睛】细节理解题之寻读对比法：
细节理解题在做题过程中只需按照题干关键词进行寻读，并将选项与原文进行对比，同义表达即为正确答案。比如文章第1小题：
1.On what occasion did the author write this review?
A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.
B. An Italian Poet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.
C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.
D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.
根据题干定位寻读到原文第一句内容Four centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in world literature took his last breath. ( 400年前，这位世界文学中最伟大的喜剧人物之一的作者咽下了最后一口气)可知，首句介绍了写这篇文章的时机为这位伟大的小说家逝世400周年纪念，正确选项应与该句表达含义一致。与选项进行对比，因此选项D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.(米格尔·德·塞万提斯逝世400周年纪念)为正确答案。
Section C (4%)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. (8%)
This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. ____55____ They can seem forgetful and clumsy. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. ____56____ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?
So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?
First, understand that some opportunities for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. ____57____ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.
It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. ____58____
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you are in the daydream zone.
Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity or Post-it notes.
C. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
D. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.
E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm.
F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand
【答案】55. D 56. B 57. A 58. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。白日做梦意味着人们想到一些愉快的事情，尤其是当这使他们忘记他们应该做什么。文章介绍通向梦想的方法。
【55题详解】
根据上文提示“白日做梦意味着人们想到一些愉快的事情，尤其是当这使他们忘记他们应该做什么。”再根据下文提示“他们可能会显得健忘和笨拙。”承接上下文，D项Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.（白日梦者”不知道周围发生的事情，这是他们的坏名声。）切题。故选D。
【56题详解】
根据上文提示“但白日梦者也对人类历史上一些最伟大的思想和成就负有责任。”再根据下文提示“你能想象如果没有这些想法和发明，我们的世界会是什么样子吗?”承接上下文，B项Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity or Post-it notes.（如果没有漫无目的的思想，我们就不会有相对论或便利贴。）切题。故选B。
【57题详解】
根据上文提示“感到安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。”再根据下文提示“如果你想在做白日梦的时候有更多的机会产生一个有创意的想法，试着在做其他事情的时候去做——最好是一些简单的事情，比如洗澡或散步，甚至是画一些没有意义的画。”承接上下文，A项Having interesting things to think about also helps.（有一些有趣的事情去思考也会有帮助。）切题。故选A。
【58题详解】
根据上文提示“‘正念’，即集中注意力，是一些人用来避免入睡的工具。”承接上文，E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm.（它包括缓慢、稳定的呼吸来帮助人们保持冷静。）切题。该项中的it指代的就是上文中的Mindfulness。故选E。
IV. Translation (19%)
Section A (5*1.5%=7.5%)
Directions: Complete the sentence according to the Chinese given, using the words given in the brackets.
59. 乘飞机从上海到纽约要多长时间? (take)
How long ____________________ from Shanghai to New York?
【答案】will/does it take to travel by air/plane.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定句型。根据中英文提示，空处缺少“乘飞机花费”，固定句型：花时间做……译为：it takes sometime to do sth.；根据句意可使用一般现在时或者一般将来时，“乘飞机”译为by air或者by plane，travel“旅游”用不定式形式作真正的主语，故填will/does it take to travel by air/plane.
60. 刺的时候，他不抱任何希望，却带着决心和十足的恨意｡ （介词短语）
He hit it without hope but ____________________.
【答案】with determination and full hate
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。“带着……”用介词短语with sth.，“决心”是determination，是不可数名词，“十足的恨意”是full hate，用and连接两个名词，因此空格处是with determination and full hate。故填with determination and full hate。
61. 目前只有上年纪的人说这种语言, 因此它面临灭亡的威胁｡ (threaten)
The language is currently being spoken only by elderly people, so ____________________.
【答案】it is threatened with extinction.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。be threatened with受到威胁。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。结合句意，故填it is threatened with extinction.
62. 然而，自那以后，人口继续以令人惊恐的速度增长｡ (rate)
However, since then the population ____________________.
【答案】has increased at an alarming rate
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和短语。根据中英文提示，空格处缺少“继续以令人惊恐的速度增长”，结合提示词rate，可译为increase at an alarming rate，由since then可知，用现在完成时，主语the population是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填has increased at an alarming rate.
63. 这个班级的学生是已至少被学校开除过一次的男孩和女孩｡ (expel)
The class is a group of boys and girls ____________________.
【答案】who have all been expelled from schools at least once
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句，时态和短语。根据中英文提示，空处缺少“已至少被学校开除过一次”作定语，修饰boys and girls，用定语从句，先行词指人，从句中作主语用关系代词who，“从学校开除”译为expel from schools，根据句意，用现在完成时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致，且expel与boys and girls是被动关系，用被动语态，“至少一次”译为at least once，故填who have all been expelled from schools at least once。


Section B (3%+4%+4.5%=11.5%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
64. 在学法语时，我们惊讶地发现各种各样的法语单词和英语很像｡(amaze; range)(汉译英)
【答案】When learning French, we are amazed to discover a range of French words that are very similar to English.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、省略、非谓语动词、状语从句和定语从句。在when引导的时间状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常一起省略。“学法语”翻译为 learn French；“对做某事感到惊讶”翻译为be amazed to do sth.；“各种各样的”翻译为 a range of。句中先行词为French words，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that引导。“与……很像”翻译为be similar to。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。结合句子其它部分，故翻译为When learning French, we are amazed to discover a range of French words that are very similar to English.
65. 这些16岁的学生在很大程度上应该为他们自己的所作所为负有责任。(age v; blame; extent) (汉译英)
【答案】These students, aged 16, to a large extent should be to blame for what they have done.
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词、时态和宾语从句。此处主语为These students，表示“16岁”应用过去分词短语aged 16，作定语；表示“很大程度上”短语为to a large extent；主句表示“应该为……负有责任”翻译为should be to blame for，“他们自己的所作所为”用what引导的宾语从句（现在完成时），应该翻译为what they have done。故翻译为These students, aged 16, to a large extent should be to blame for what they have done.
66. 正如海明威(Hemingway) 所说：“人不是为失败而生的。一个人可以被毁灭，但不可以被打败。”无论遇到什么困难，我们都不能心灰意冷，却要拼命奋勇直前。(struggle) (汉译英)
【答案】As Hemingway once said, “Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” No matter what difficulties we encounter, we must not lose heart, but instead struggle forward with all our might.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、定语从句和状语从句。“正如”as引导非限定性定语从句，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。“人不是为失败而生的。”翻译为Man is not made for defeat. “一个人可以被毁灭，但不可以被打败。” 翻译为A man can be destroyed but not defeated. “无论什么”用No matter what，引导让步状语从句，“困难”不只是一个，且应用复数形式。“心灰意冷”翻译为lose heart；“奋勇直前”翻译为struggle forward；“拼命”翻译为all our might。主句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。结合句子其它部分，故翻译为As Hemingway once said, “Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” No matter what difficulties we encounter, we must not lose heart, but instead struggle forward with all our might.