2022上海市实验学校高三3月月考英语试题含解析

上海实验高中2021-2022学年高三下英语三月考

语法填空

Recent literature has put the spotlight on how technology and social media are shaping the next generation, and the consensus(共识)seems to be that it’s a sharp double-edged sword. New research published in Computers in Human Behavior is no exception.The study,led by faculty at Wellesley Centers for Women, found that ____1____ (join)social media specifically, Snapchat and Instagram before age 11 was significantly linked to more “problematic digital behaviors” ____2____ (compare) to those who joined the platforms when they were older.

The team surveyed over 750 middle schoolers in the Northeast United States, and found that those who joined these platforms at or below age 10 had more internet buddies that parents would disapprove of, and visited more social websites that ____3____ (frown) upon.They also showed more “unsympathetic online behaviors” and were more likely to become victims of online bullying or harassment. Altogether, it was a jumble of (一堆)problematic digital moods. Of course,that might not be news to social media giant Facebook. Some recent leaks in the Wall Street Journal revealed how the platform was aware for some time ____4____ it was “toxic” for teen girls, and also detailed its ambitions to lure teens and pre-teens with targeted kid-specific products. ____5____ almost all social media, including Twitter and TikTok, Facebook’s rules require users to be at least 13 years old to join. However, people ____6____ sign up self-report their own dates of birth, so it's hardly an effective firewall, and by commonsense, it's nearly a given that packs of children are roaming(漫游)the social media universe. In fact, “one-third of our sample had already started using social media at age 11 or 12 and another one-third had begun at age 10 or younger,” study author Linda Charmaraman said in a statement. ____7____ that doesn't mean it’s a lost cause. The study's findings also suggest parents can combat the harmful impacts by limiting how often their kids check social media, or restricting phone usage. Participants who reported such parental controls showed ____8____ (lessen) negative effects.

And it's not all bad: According to the research, those who joined social media before age 11also showed ____9____ (great) civic engagement within the online community--such as posting supportive content or fostering events and activism for social issues. Also,regardless of when they joined social media, early adolescents displayed more positive digital behaviors overall than negative ones.

As the first children raised in the social-media era grow into their 20s and 30s,the effects of the internet revolution will likely become more profound, and we can expect that the need _____10_____ (understand) how tech shapes kids in their most impressionable years will only become more urgent.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Soaring newsprint costs make life even harder

The cost of paper around the world is rising to record highs, pushing up expenses for newspapers from Mumbai to Sydney. When times were good, before ads ____11____ online, newspapers had a supportive partnership with paper mills. As ads departed and ____12____ fell, they are now at the shouting stage.

Paper mills had the worst of it for years as newspapers went ____13____ digital or shut for good. The papers were able to ____14____ down the cost of newsprint from firms fighting for business as demand declined. Many hesitated to shut massive machines costing hundreds of millions of dollars.

That hesitance has disappeared; mills are taking out newsprint capacity and ____15____. Norske Skog, a Norwegian paper firm, said in June it would close its 66-year-old Tasman Mill in New Zealand, for example. Many mills are ____16____ machines to make packaging for e-commerce.UPM, a Finnish firm, announced this year the sale of its Shotton newsprint mill in Wales to a Turkish maker of container board and packaging. For JCS Volga, a Russian mill, newsprint used to account for 70% of production; now half of what it makes is packaging. The pandemic, with people working from home, meant even fewer newspaper purchases, which ____17____ demand for newsprint again and increased the pain for paper suppliers. In the past 24 months European mills have responded by shutting almost a fifth of their newsprint capacity, says a buyer for a large British newspaper group.

Then economies reopened. Newsprint demand shot up. That, combined with much reduced capacity and coupled with soaring energy prices, has resulted in a price shock. Particularly ____18____ are energy surcharges that some paper suppliers are seeking to pass on.

Newspaper firms reckon this amounts to ____19____contracts. European newspapers will have to pay newsprint prices that are 50-70% higher in the first quarter of 2022 compared with the year before.

Germany’s print and media industry association has warned that mills are going to force newspapers to ____20____ paper editions, hurting each other in the process. “It’s about the famous branch that both of them are sitting on,” it said recently. But mills can sell packaging instead. “We’re not going to save the publishing industry by being unprofitable ourselves,”says a mill executive in North America.

III.Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Picture yourself driving down a city street. Suddenly you see something in the middle of the road ahead. A torn paper bag, a lost shoe, or something else? You'll quickly determine the actions that best fit the ___21___-what humans call having“common sense”.

However ___22___ “obstacles” that no human would ever stop for, AI self-driving vehicles are likely to apply the brakes unexpectedly.The challenges for self-driving vehicles won’t be solved by giving them more training data or rules for what to do in unusual situations. To be trustworthy, these vehicles need common sense to solve the object-in-the-road problem: broad ___23___ about the properties of objects and an ability to ___24___ adapt that knowledge in new circumstances. You can predict, ___25___, that while a pile of glass on the road won’t flyaway as you approach, birds likely will. From this ___26___ the term “common sense” seems to ___27___ exactly what current AI systems cannot do.Their lack of a ___28___ of commonsense makes them susceptible to unpredictable errors, which humans will never make.

Today’s AI systems use neural networks, algorithms(算法) trained to spot patterns, based on data gathered from extensive collections of human-labeled examples.This ___29___ is very different from how humans learn. We humans seem to come into the world with inborn knowledge of certain basic concepts--including the ideas of objects and events and the nature of space. We aren’t even ____30____ that we have it, or that it forms the basis for all future learning. A big lesson from decades of AI research is how hard it is to teach such ____31____ to machines.

The history of planting common sense in AI systems has largely focused on cataloging human knowledge: manually programming and ____32____ stereotyped(模式化的)situations. But all such attempts face a possibly fatal ____33____. Much of our instinctive knowledge is unwritten,unspoken,and not even in our conscious awareness.

A US AI research agency recently launched a programme. It challenges researchers to create an AI system that learns from “experience” in order to acquire the cognitive abilities of an 18-month-old baby. It might seem strange that ____34____ a baby is considered a grand challenge for AI, but this reflects the gulf between AI's success in specific fields and more general intelligence. If we can figure out how to get our machines to learn like children, perhaps after some years, these young “commonsense agents” will finally become teenagers--ones who are sufficiently sensible to be ____35____ with the car keys.

21. A. situation B. environment C. context D. regulation

22. A. inspecting B. locating C. tracking D. spotting

23. A. horizon B. mind C. knowledge D. control

24. A. casually B. flexibly C. routinely D. mechanically

25. A. as a result B. in a word C. for example D. in the meantime

26. A. perspective B. conclusion C. condition D. inference

27. A. diagnose B. analyze C. specify D. capture

28. A. prediction B. foundation C. definition D. motivation

29. A. process B. experience C. tendency D. strategy

30. A. content B. confident C. conscious D. concerned

31. A. approaches B. procedures C. skills D. concepts

32. A. registering B. presenting C. uncovering D. reviewing

33. A. obstacle B. prejudice C. consequence D. error

34. A. training B. raising C. delivering D. matching

35. A. burdened B. rewarded C. entrusted D. honored

Section B

Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B.C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.

(A)

Sandra Boynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.

In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?

I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what could be. Imagination follows curiosity pretty naturally.

It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writing things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.

You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?

Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.

What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?

Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing. I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.

A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?

When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create content that’s both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. I’m proud of them. But now, having too often seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.

36. What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?

A. It fascinates both adults and children.

B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.

C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.

D. It lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.

37. When writing children’s books, Sandra ______.

A finds herself confused about remembering childhood

B. agrees with other book writers that writing is hard

C. puts herself in a child’s place and thinks like a child

D. is delighted that she doesn’t need to find another job

38. Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were ______.

A. new ways to increase interactions between users

B. interactive by combining theatre and book

C. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-like

D. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend

39. We can conclude from the interview that ______.

A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cute

B. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of things

C. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authors

D. there were no interactive book apps before Sandra’s apps

(B)

Thank You for Shopping with Us

Changed your mind?

If you bought your product in one of our stores and have now changed your mind,we will exchange or refund it within seven days of purchase. This does not apply if the item was specially ordered for you or was a fully guaranteed product.

The product must be:

Unopened (with any seal undamaged)

Unused

Returned complete with any free gifts you received with the product

Contact your local store with your receipt details to arrange your refund or exchange.

Your Guarantee

        The following are our general guidelines.We treat each case on its individual circumstances.

We will always offer you the choice of an exchange or refund if your product develops a fault within 28 days of delivery.

To receive a refund the product must be in otherwise “as new” condition complete with all accessories (配件) and free gifts supplied with it. If possible, please return the product in its original packaging.

If your product develops a fault within 12 months of purchase, we will offer a free repair service.

To obtain a repair for your product, call the relevant helpline number on the back page of this leaflet. If your product is not listed, return it to your local store. This guarantee does not cover faults caused by accident, neglect, misuse or normal wear and tear.

Faulty software, pre-recorded video tapes, DVDs, Mini-Discs and CDs will be exchanged for the same title or refunded.

Our Price Promise

In the unlikely event that you find a cheaper identical product or offer immediately available from another store with 10 miles of your local store,we will not only match their price but also give you an extra 10% of the difference. Our Price Promise also applies for up to 7 days after you make your purchase with us; just bring your receipt to claim your refund. This Price Promise does not apply to clearance or ex-display products, special orders, closing-down sales, members only, extended warranty prices,internet or telephone order line purchases.

40. If a customer doesn't like the product he or she bought,he or she can have it exchanged or refunded if_________

A. it has been exchanged before B. it has been opened but unused

C. it was specially ordered for him or her D. it was bought no more than a week ago

41. Suppose that Robert finds the DVD player delivered to him two months ago has developed a fault, he can_________

A. have it repaired without paying any money

B. get a new DVD player of the same brand

C. call the helpline to ask for an exchange

D. get it refunded but keep the free gifts

42. If Mary bought a DVD player in the shop for $69.99 and one day later found one in another shop one mile away at $65.99, then how much refund could she get?

A. $6.99 B. $6.59 C. $4.40 D. $4.00

(C)

Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.

Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of “consumption” seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and 1m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America’s National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.

The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.

Even drug companies are involved. In the run-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people to stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.

The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Fund’s joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.

43. The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.” means _______.

A. every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or later

B. human beings can deal with problems caused by disease

C. Tuberculosis becomes a serious infection disease

D. people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently

44. By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show _______.

A. the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on Tuberculosis

B. the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of Tuberculosis

C. the officials didn’t pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the past

D. compared with AIDS, Tuberculosis can be cured effectively

45. Which of the following is best defines the word “upshot” (Para 5)?

A. Outcome. B. Uphold.

C. Achievement. D. Project.

46. Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey?

A. Forgive and forget.

B. Forgotten, but not gone.

C. When the wound is healed, the pain is forgotten.

D. Every dog is brave at his own door.

Section C

Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

I still occasionally find myself amazed at the details our ears and brains can pick up on. My quiet work time was recently interrupted by a person in the room next door. I couldn’t see them, but I knew exactly what they were doing: cracking their knuckles(指关节). It’s such a distinctive sound, but what’s really surprising is that it’s so loud. The sound generated is noticeably different from that of creaking hips or knees--it’s specific to fingers. What’s going on? Joint cracking is the sort of thing that everyone has an opinion on and mine is: I can’t do it, and I wouldn’t want to. I have occasionally made the mistake of mentioning this during talks to school kids. ____47____

The usual suspect in the infraction is the joint at the base of each finger. People pull their finger away from the rest of their hand until there’s a deep, muffled click. When medical imaging finally improved to the point where it could spy on the inside of a finger during the process, the true culprit was revealed: a bubble.

At the joint, one bone has a curved bulge(凸起)which sits snugly in a shallow cup forming the base of the next bone up. ____48____ It’s viscous and sticky, and it keeps the joint running smoothly. If you pull on a finger this gap gets gradually wider so that the fluid is now in tension because it’s pulled in both directions.

For those with the right sort of joint to make the cracking sound, the drama is sudden. X-rays and MRI scans show that at the moment of cracking, a gas-filled cavity pops into existence in the synovial fluid(滑液)，relieving the tension in the liquid. Gas which had been dissolved in the liquid comes rushing in to fill this new gap. Once the bubble exists, it just sits there until the gas redissolves into the surrounding liquid. ____49____ A bubble already exists, and it’s easy to stretch it as the joint extends without making another one.

____50____ This has been revealed, both by systematic scientific studies and by allergist Donald L. Unger. For his lifelong effort on the subject, Dr. Unger was awarded the 2009Ig Nobel Prize. As a child Dr. Unger was criticized for his cracking habits, so he conducted his own stubborn experiment, cracking the knuckles on his right hand--but not on his left-every day for 60 years. By the time he was 83, neither hand had arthritis. But the dissenting relatives were mostly long gone, depriving him of his “I told you so” moment.

A. This is why you can’t crack a knuckle twice in a row.

B. Bubbles are extremely efficient at making sound, which explains the loudness.

C. Gas bubbles in finger joints make the annoying sound, but it’s unclear why some people form them and others don’t.

D. The reliable result is a deafening flood of clicks as 500 children succumb to irresistible temptation.

E. The space in between them is around a 10th of an inch wide and filled with synovial fluid, the body’s equivalent of engine oil.

F. Most joint crackers have perfectly healthy joints, although there has been a persistent myth that regular joint-cracking can cause arthritis(关节炎)

第IⅡ卷（共50分）

IV.Summary Writing

51. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.

What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk”, he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”

In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”

Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V.Translation

Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.

52. 先生，请给这位抱小孩的女士让个座好吗？(kind)(汉译英)

53. 我一到会议室就看到墙上贴着的一张告示，上面写着“请佩戴好口罩”。(Hardly) (汉译英)

54. 这家老字号餐厅采用了仅提供外卖服务的新商业模式以吸引更多年轻顾客。(adopt) (汉译英)

55. 毕业即，我既兴奋又自豪，但与此同时，我也意识到只有不断学习，努力奋斗，才会未来可期.(approach) (汉译英)

VI.Guided Writing

56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假如你是王梓，刚刚收到好友龚瞩的邮件，邮件中提到因为疫情影响，学校的课全部改成线上授课，但她发现自己在上网课时难以集中注意力，效率低下。还有不到100天就要高考了，她感觉非常着急，想你寻求帮助。请你写封回信给她，提出一些建议并阐述理由。