2022-2023年牛津译林版英语七年级下册专项复习精讲精练：06 首字母完成短文（原卷版+解析版）
展开06 首字母完成短文
首字母填空是多数学生的噩梦，难度较大。是期末试卷中的区分题，所以做好此题，非常关键。
一、几点建议：
- 整体把握，避免盲人摸象。
一定要通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解.通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，单独几个单词不理解对文章大意理解影响不大。
- 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词.
运用构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义和词形
- 反复推敲多琢磨，慎重答题多分析。
分析成分，确定句子所缺成分，从而进一步确定词性和词形。
- 认真复查很重要，关注整体和词形.九年级要特别关注：
名词：可数不可数，单数与复数。
谓语动词的其五种形式：原形、三单、过去式、现在分词、过去分词，
形容词和副词：先分形副，再定三级（原级，比较级，最高级）。
代词甚至反身代词，连词，介词，数词量词等十大词类。
非谓语动词：不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词。
特别易错：被动语态
千万不能好不容易填出了单词，而因形式失误失分。
二、常用方法：
- 关键词法。准确找到关键词或符号。
- 揣测句意法。也可以称为结合语境法.
- 判断词性法。也可称为句子成分判断法。准确判断画横线要填的词在句子里做主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语，这样有利于保证所填的词的正确形式万无一失。
- 推理法。结合上下文的意思及上下文的逻辑关系推理判断该填的单词的正确形式。
- 固定搭配法。如make sb. do sth.; spend time doing sth ……
非常常用的一种方法，读完一句话明确觉得是某个词组的固定搭配的运用，这是首字母填空中难度较小的一种题型。
- 句型法。首字母填空经常会考察学生固定搭配的熟练运用。
1．根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
When Boyan was 16 years old，he was diving in a sea. He was surprised to see more plastic bags than fish in the sea. He made up his （1）m to clean up the ocean. However，everyone told him that he could do（2）n if plastic bags went into the ocean. The teenager didn't give up. He（3）s several months studying plastic pollution. At last，he came up （4）w a science project to collect the waste.
What's more，the collected plastic bags can be recycled and made into products or oil. He won many（5）p for the project，but that was not enough for him. He wanted to clean up the ocean to make our world a better place.
2．根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在标有题号的横线上，完整写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Alice in Wonderland is one of the most loved children's books of all time，and many adults （1）e it as well. It tells about a young girl called Alice，who（2）e a magical world called Wonderland. Her adventures begin when she （3）f a white rabbit down a hole. At the（4）b of the hole，she finds a small door into a beautiful garden. She（5）s in a pool of her own tears. She meets a cat with a smile. She also meets characters which are from a pack of playing cards and the Queen of Hearts （6）i her to play croquet. Then she wakes up.
The writer of the book is Lewis Carroll. One day，he had a picnic with （7）t little girls who were friends of the family. To catch their attention，he told them the （8）s in which Alice was the main character. The three girls enjoyed the story very much and they asked Charles to （9）w it down. And he did so. It was first（10）p in 1866，under the name Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The book was a great success. Since the story was first printed，it has kept selling up to the present day.
3．There is nothing more i（1） to life than the sun． W（2） the sun， all living things on the earth would die． The sun is a star． In the sky there are t（3） of stars like the sun． They are as large as the sun and as hot as the sun． At night you can see many stars， but in the day you can o（4） see one star—— —The sun．
The sun is much n（5） to us than any other star． That is w（6） it looks the biggest and brightest of all the stars． The distance （距离） of the sun from the earth is as m（7） as 150，000，000 kilometers． Most stars are thousands of light —Years a（8） from the earth．
Do you know what a light —Year is？ N（9） in the world travels faster than light． It travels 300，000 kilometers per second． And one light —Year is the distance that light can travel in one y（10） ．
4．The famous R（1） writer Lev Tolstory（托尔斯泰）once said， "Everyone thinks of changing the world，but no one thinks of changing himself."
He was right. We always plan to do or dream of doing something great so that we can change the world. For example，we hate pollution，so we try to find new energy r（2） to keep the environment clean. H（3） ，we still litter on the ground in our lives. Also，we are not satisfied with the traffic，so we plan to build more highways to stop it. But in fact，the main reason for it is that many people don't f（4） the traffic rules.
Now，lots of students always think their homework is very difficult and they find it hard to pass exams. In their e（5） ，the problems on papers are too difficult. But actually，the real r（6） is that they don't study hard. They never think about changing their attitudes t（7） study or working hard on their lessons.
In my opinion，before we decide to change the world，we should change o（8） first. As common people，it is not easy for us to change the world，but we can e（9） give up our bad habits，such as littering，breaking traffic rules and always c（10） about how difficult the exam is. If we can do that，we'll be strong enough to change the world some day and make it!
5．What is UNICEF？UNICEF is part of the United Nations. It was s（1） up in Europe in 1946，after World War 11. At that time，m（2） children's lives were changed because of the war，and UNICEF wanted to help them. Now UNICEF works in over 190 c（3） and areas. It helps governments，communities and families make the world a b（4） place for children .
UNICEF wants all children to be h（5） ，so it provides them with clean water and food，and tries to prevent them f（6） getting illnesses. UNICEF believes that it is important for children to receive basic education，so it p（7） basic education for children in poor areas. UNICEF keeps working for the equal rights of girls and women. It also w（8） to prevent the spread of some serious diseases. UNICEF r（9） money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities. People can s（10） it by donating money or working as volunteers.
6．
A Special Team at the Winter Paralympics （残奥会）
A special team was doing some voluntary work at the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympics Games. In fact，these little（1）v are 68 lovely guide dogs. All of them were strictly（2）c from a training center in Dalian，Liaoning Province. Months of special training had taught them how to do with complex（复杂的）situations in cold environments.
At the Paralympics，（3）e of the guide dogs wears a QR code（二维码）. By scanning the codes，people can（4）e learn a lot of detailed information about the dogs，（5）i their blooding，age，training history and service conditions.
China（6）s up the first guide dog training center in 2006. Two years（7）l ，a guide dog named Lucky made its appearance at the Beijing Paralympics. With its（8）h ，Ping Yali，the first Chinese who got a Paralympic gold medal，completed the torch relay （火炬传递）.
Our modern technology will（9）c to develop. But the special warmth and loyalty of guide dogs are always needed. During the Games，the guide dogs greatly helped the（10）b athletes to fully enjoy the sports competition.
7．Today I'm here to talk about noise pollution. Not all noise is noise pollution. Noise becomes noise pollution when it begins to harm human and animal life or when it's not （1）n .
（2）E of noise pollution include the sounds of cars，buses，lorries，trains and planes. When you stand near a busy road，sometimes the noise can hurt your ears. And people（3）l near airports often find it difficult to sleep. Noise pollution can also be from machines. We often use very noisy machines around the house or at our jobs. Factory noise is also a big problem. Finally，sometimes loud music can be a form of noise pollution. For example，the music from a club or from your next —Door（4）n .
We might think that noise pollution is just a small problem，but actually it can be （5）d . Some people have become deaf because of noise pollution. What's worse，when people（6）l sleep because of noise pollution，they become careless. This can lead to accidents，and people can get hurt or （7）e killed. Finally，noise makes people feel stress. This can lead to heart disease.
What can we do about the problem of noise pollution？We need stronger（8）l against loud noises. The government also needs to put up walls next to roads and airports to （9）p people from the noise. Finally，we can all help with the problem of noise pollution by turning down our music and TVs，and using a（10）s voice when we talk.
8．请认真阅读下面的短文，并根据所给首字母提示，写出合适的英语单词，使短文通顺。
What is social media？It means all kinds of Internet applications，such as QQ，blogs，WeChat and so on. Social media plays an important role in our daily life. By using them，users can s（1） things like photos，videos and posts with others.
Social media is certainly an interesting place to learn o（2） opinions on the Internet.
But when you are reading so many opinions online，it's q（3） possible for you to see some opinions that you strongly disagree with. In fact，you might feel like you should reply to these opinions at once. You might do some research，f（4） some facts and reply to what are written written. You finish writing out your reply，click "post" and win the argument!
Most people don't like it when other people disagree with their i（5） ，especially online strangers. You can h（6） change their opinions just because you argued with them. In fact，it's possible to make them feel more confident that they re correct.
And the thing is，when you get in these kinds of fights online，it s（7） influences （影响） you. You might not know it at first，b（8） the argument that you take part in can easily make you feel u（9） . If you argue often，you start to enjoy arguing and then end up doing it even more. It's a dangerous cycle.
I guess the best thing to do is to tell y（10） that most arguments are meaningless. There are much better and more interesting things to do，whether online or in real life.
9．Gulliver's Travels tells the story of Lemuel Gulliver，a ship's doctor. He has the most unbelievable e（1） on his travels. The story is told by Gulliver himself and every journey he makes ends w（2） his ship being broken or attacked by pirates. Each time this happens Gulliver finds h（3） in a strange land with even stranger people.
Its writer，Jonathan Swift，was born into a poor family in Dublin，Ireland. His mother couldn't afford to raise her children，s（4） she left her children in the care of relatives. His life experiences made a great difference to his w（5） . In his works，he had pity on the poor and hated the rich and powerful.
The book was a s（6） when first published and is still popular today because both young readers and adults e（7） it. This is because it can be enjoyed as a young reader's fantasy story about travel and adventure and also as a political satire （讽刺）for adults.
In fact，Gulliver' Travels is a travel book and Gulliver is a great adventurer. He always wants to leave h（8） and travel on the seas another time. All these make the book a classic. So people are never t（9） while reading.
At the end of the story Gulliver finally ends his travels but he is strongly c（10） by them. He learns that there are many different ideas of what makes a civilized（文明的）society and that we must not feel superior（优越的） to others because they are different.
—Taken from Gulliver's Travels
10．根据短文意思和所给首字母，写出完整正确的单词。
Liu Ming is a Grade 8 student in Lianyungang. He used to waste a lot of energy. This week，he learnt something about green life and （1）p the environment in the English class.
He decided to do some simple things for the environment. He is planning to use the paper （2）w . For example，use both sides of the paper. He has realized that litter is （3）h to the environment. He thinks no one is allowed to drop litter carelessly. Now，he always separates waste （4）i different groups. He thinks anyone who wastes energy should be （5）p .
11．After my parents' divorce （离婚），I moved with my father to a small town when I was 12 years old. I already knew that my teen years would be a（1）h time of my life. I was a total outsider （旁观者） and a stranger at a new school. I felt really （2）l in my small town.
But by starting to do volunteer work when I was 14，I turned my problem into a love of （3）h others. This made me feel like my life had a greater purpose. The more positive （积极的） energy I （4）s ，the more kindness I received. I realized that my purpose in life would be to reach out to people，especially teenagers，and help them feel （5）l lonely. Then books entered my life with its special warmth.
Thanks to the （6）w who wrote those books，the kindness from their books saved my life. Later，one of my biggest （7）d was to become a writer so I could write books that would help other teenagers the way those books helped me. Luckily，I have been a full —Time writer of teen novels since 2007. I am thankful for this great （8）c to reach out to my young readers every day.
Small kind acts can change someone's life. You （9）n know what someone else is going through. But by practicing daily （10）k ，you can become an architect （缔造者） of positive change.
12．根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Taking public transport，making payments online or just walking around —These daily activities can help turn China's deserts into forests if you are using Ant Forest.
Ant Forest is a feature in the Alipay mobile payment app. It records users' low —Carbon activities —Taking a bus to work i（1） of driving，for example—and gives users "green energy". When a user's green energy gets high e（2） ，Ant Forest and its partners will plant a real tree for that person.
Ant Forest r（3） the 2019 Champions of the Earth award（地球卫士奖），the UN's highest environmental honor，for encouraging people to live greener lifestyles and protect the environment.
S（4） its launch（发起）in August 2016，Ant Forest and its partners have planted some 122 million trees in China's driest areas，which include regions in Inner Mongolia，Gansu，Qinghai and Shanxi，reported Xinhua News Agency. The trees c（5） an area of 112，000 hectares（公顷）. The project has become China's largest private —Sector tree —Planting initiative（倡议）.
This is only part of China's efforts to make Earth g（6） . In 1978，China began a national —Level forestation（造林）project —The Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program，also known as the "Great Green Wall". The program has improved living conditions and d（7） local business，according to China Daily.
It's reported the forest coverage rate（覆盖率）among the regions of the project r（8） 13.57 percent in 2017，compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago.
In light of China's success against desertification（沙漠化），the United Nations Environment Programme （UNEP） believes the country is a good e（9） for others to follow.
"China is one of the most s（10） countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world. " former UNEP Executive Director Erik Solheim told Xinhua.
13．根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
The Chinese life is colourful with many interesting folk ways. The Lantern Festival is on the 15th day of the first lunar month. It has a Chinese name Yuanxiao Festival. Yuanxiao comes from the （1）f that people call the first lunar month the Yuan Month and night Xiao. The night of the 15th day of the first lunar month （2）m the beginning of the first full moon，On the Lantern Festival，the Chinese people have the custom of （3）e lanterns and eating glutinous rice（糯米）dumplings. There is a common saying that "Playing on the Lantern Festival.
The custom started during the Han Dynasty，and has a（4）h of more than 2，000 years，On that night，every place is decorated with lanterns and streamers（饰带） and there is a bustling（熙熙攘攘的）atmosphere. As night （5）f ，people go in crowds to the sea of colourful lanterns：palace lanterns，wall lamps，figure lanterns，flower lanterns，revolving horse lanterns，animal lanterns，and toy lanterns，of all types and （6）c . Some lanterns have riddles（谜语）on them，which encourage people to try to be the （7）f to find the answer.
It is also a （8）t custom to eat glutinous rice dumplings at this time. As early as the Song Dynasty，there was such a kind of food，a round ball （9）m of glutinous rice flour with a filling of sugar and kernels（果仁）. Since it is eaten on the Lantern Festival，people call it yuanxiao. The Chinese people hope that（10）e is satisfactory （yuanman in Chinese），and to eat glutinous rice dumplings on the first night with a full moon in a year is to wish that family members will remain united，happy and satisfied.
14．Today，people can turn on their televisions and watch the Olympics every two years，alternating between summer and winter games. The world's best athletes t（1） hard before the games and hope to win a gold，silver，or bronze medal.
However，the first Olympics was quite different from t（2） Olympic Games. Held in 776 BC at Olympia，in ancient Greece，the games honored the Greek god Zeus. The competition was a c（3） for athletes to bring honor to their city —States，just as athletes bring honor to their countries nowadays. However，in ancient Greece，only men were allowed to participate.
For 13 years，the ancient Olympics had just one event，a running race. Gradually，the games expanded to i（4） sports such as chariot and horse racing. Boxing，and the pentathlon. The pentathlon i（5） is made up of five different events：running，wrestling，jumping. Throwing a discus，and throwing a javelin.
The ancient Greek Olympics c（6） around 395 BC and weren't played again for over 2，200 years. Finally，in 1894，a Frenchman named Pierre de Coubertin decided to bring the games back. The games were held in 1896 and included nine events. Today's Olympics include even more sports，such as soccer and skiing，and are now s（7） into the Summer and Winter Olympics. Cities around the world take turns hosting the Olympics.
W（8） stopped for seven days before and seven days after the ancient Olympics so that athletes could travel safely to the games. In a s（9） way，many believe that today's Olympic Games create goodwill，as nations exhibit strength through competitive sports rather than through battle.
The Paralympics are held every Olympic year. To be in the games，athletes must have a disability. Some don't have arms or legs. Some have poor balance. Some are in wheelchairs. Some others are b（10） The great thing about these games is not the attention to their disability but their skills.
15．China is an old country with a rich culture. When travelling to China，understanding Chinese culture and customs is i（1） for you to behave in a good way.
It's becoming popular for foreigners to be invited into Chinese homes. Being invited to a Chinese family's home can be a wonderful and warm e（2） . Chinese people are known to be very welcoming（好客）. When you're invited to a Chinese family's home，make sure you arrive on time. Don't forget to say good words about s（3） you like in the house. Gifts are usually given when visiting someone's home or being invited for dinner. Chinese people like to r（4） fruit or tea in a nice box or basket.
After some small talks，comes the dinner. A Chinese dinner table is a happy place，f（5） of delicious food and conversation. When invited over for dinner，make sure to notice what everybody else is doing and try to do the s（6） . You'd better eat plenty of food to show you're enjoying it. Don't finish off the whole dish，but leave a small amount of food on the plates. It shows that the host has p（7） enough food.
For foreigners，Chinese people may be very curious（好奇的）. Chinese people aren't afraid to ask personal questions，even if you've met for the f（8） time. So，don't be surprised to be asked things like your age，your education or your work. You do not have to answer these questions. If you don't want to talk about your own life，j（9） explain to them.
Enjoy yourself in the warm and welcoming world of the local Chinese. As a g（10） in China，you will get special treatment. And your hosts make sure you will have a good time.
16．根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
The people were scared. They threw rocks at it and attacked it with pitchforks. When they had killed it，they used a horse to drag it away into a field.
M（1） you wouldn't do any of those things if you saw a hot —Air balloon landing near your home. But back in 1783，very f（2） people had ever seen such a thing.
Ballooning started with Joseph Montgolfier，who was not the type of person you'd expected to be an inventor. He didn't like school and ran away from home as a teenager. As a grownup，he failed in business. He was very u（3） his younger brother，Etienne，who was responsible and successful. But when Joseph started reading on his own，he discovered that he loved science and experiments. A lot of good science starts with s（4） paying attention and thinking about what you've seen. Joseph made a common observation and then did something amazing with it.
Joseph noticed that hot air rises．He a（5） noticed that rising hot air can carry solid（固体的）objects with it. If you've ever watched bits of ash（灰）rising with the smoke from a fire，you've seen it too. He wondered，what if I f（6） a cloth bag with hot air？Would the rising air l（7） the bag？Only one way to find out!
Of course，bags filled with hot air r（8） up. Soon，Joseph and Etienne were making larger and larger cloth bags，which they called ballons，the French word for the ball. They held public demonstrations，filling the balloons over a fire pit and l（9） them go. The balloons went up and then came d（10） as the air inside cooled off. Soon all the people in the Montgolfiers' hometown of Annonay were talking about balloons. Next，the brothers went to the great city of Paris to show off their new invention.
17．One morning there was a loud knock at Dean （牧师） Swift's door. The servant （仆人） opened it. A man handed her a fine duck land said， "Here's a present for the Dean. It's from Mr . Boyle." Then he walked （1）a .
Mr. Boyle was a sporting neighbour and he was a fan of Dean Swift. The next time，the man brought a quail. "Here's （2）s else for the Dean，he said simply，and threw it to the servant.
"That man has no （3）m ，" the servant complained.。The next time he comes，"said the Dean， "let me know，and I will go to the door." It was not long （4）u the man came with a present. The Dean went to the door.
"This is Mr. Boyle s rabbit，" said the man. "See here，" said the Dean in a（5）s voice，" that is not the way to send a message. Just walk inside and pretend （假装） that you are Dean Swift. I will go out and pretend that I am bringing him a present." The man （6）a and he walked inside. The Dean took the rabbit and went out. Then he knocked gently at the door. The door was （7）o by the man. The Dean bowed （鞠躬） and said，"If you please，sir，Mr. Boyle 's compliments （致意），and he wishes you could （8）a this fine rabbit." "Oh，thank you，" said the man very politely. Then，he gave the Dean a shilling （先令＜货币单位＞）."And here is something for your trouble."
The lesson in manners was not forgotten；the man was always very （9）p when he brought the presents. And the Dean always gives the man a "tip" for his problem. Jonathan Swift，often called Dean Swift，was famous as a （10）w Among other books he wrote Gulliver's Travels.
18．Just as the saying goes， "When in Rome，do as the Romans do." If you travel to the UK，you need to greet people there in a （1）p way. British people usually say"hello"or"nice to meet you" and shake your hand when they meet you for the （2）f time. They only （3）g relatives or close friends with a kiss. They like to start a conversation with （4）s like the weather，holidays，music or books. They avoid talking about age， （5）w ，or money.
Most of the British people have good manners. They think it rude to push in before others so they always （6）q for their turn. They will apologize if they （7）b into you by accident in the street. When you are in their way，they will always be （8）p enough to wait for you to move. They pay great attention to their behaviors in public. For example，they seldom shout or laugh （9）l when others are around. When （10）t with a British，you will also find that they say "please" or""thank you" all the time.
Keep these manners in your mind，I'm sure they will be helpful to you in the future.
19．Wang Guowei was a famous scholar（学者） who lived during the l（1） Qing Dynasty（1644﹣1911）. As a historian，literary critic（文学评论家） and poet，he was k（2） for his great achievements in the studies of ancient history，philosophy and literary theory（理论）. He chose three verses（段） from Song ci to d （3） the three stages of the success achieving in learning and career development in the Human World（《人间词话》），his book of literary criticism.
For the first stage，he chose Tune：Butterflies in Love with Flower（《蝶恋花》） by Yan Shu， "Last night the western breeze blew withered leaves off trees. I mount the tower high and strain my longing eye." This means people should stand on a high point so they can look f（4） ahead. Even in hard times，they can predict what might happen and see a clear path t（5） their goal.
For the second phase，Wang chose another ci with the s （6） title Tune：Butterflies in Love with Flowers by Liu Yong："I find my gown too large，but I will not regret；It's w（7） that I am growing tired and weak for her.（衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴）"Wang used these lines to r（8） comes from tireless persistence（坚持）.
The third stage，also the highlight of the three，was from Xin Qiji's ci Tune：Green Jade Cup《（青玉案》），"But in the crowd once and again，I look for her in vain. When all at once I turn my head，I find her there where lantern light is dimly shed."The lines told us that unexpected success often arrives when we are almost r（9） to give up. H（10） ，with hard work and full devotion（投入），success can be found at last.
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