2022上海交通大学附中高一下学期3月线上测试英语含解析

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上海交大附中高一英语线上学习检测
满分150分，120分钟完成。
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension（25’）
Section A
Directions: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. For one week. B. For less than a week. C. For two weeks. D. Hard to say.
2. A. Go to her sister’s wedding ceremony. B. Stay at home.
C. Go to George’s birthday party. D. Go to George’s house-warming party.
3. A. 50 dollars. B. 40 dollars. C. 60 dollars. D. 55 dollars.
4. A. She feels bored with the idea. B. She thinks ballet is funny.
C. She will not go with the man anyway. D. She shows interest in the show.
5. A. Snowy. B. Sunny. C. Windy. D. Cloudy.
6. A. She hasn’t seen Monet’s paintings for ten years.
B. She hasn’t been to the museum for long.
C. She has been interested in Monet’s paintings for ten years.
D. She used to own one of Monet’s paintings.
7. A. Father and daughter. B. Friends. C. Husband and wife. D. Boss and his employee.
8. A. The man is not interested in the game this weekend.
B. The man is not interested in the team that will play this weekend.
C. The man doesn’t want to mention the game.
D. The man is not interested in watching any game.
9. A. She would see Ellen at last. B. She saw Ellen for the last time not long ago.
C. She has many people to see before Ellen. D. She wouldn’t like to see Ellen at all.
10. A. The woman is sorry for not being able to spend the holiday with the man.
B. The man is a bit annoyed because the woman didn’t tell him her plan for the winter holiday.
C. The man is sorry about not being able to go to Malaysia.
D. The woman is excited about spending the winter holiday in Malaysia without the man.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. 70. B. 80. C. 130. D. 15.
12. A. On Tuesdays. B. On Wednesdays. C. On Sundays. D. On Mondays.
13. A. The English Family club. B. The painting club.
C. The sports club. D. The music club.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Because they haven’t as much interest in finding the cure as in space travel.
B. Because there are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.
C. Because it is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.
D. Because they believe people can recover without treatment.
15. A. They reveal the seriousness of the problem. B. They indicate how fast the virus spreads.
C. They tell us what kind of medicine to take. D. They show our body is fighting the virus.
16. A. It can actually does more harm than good. B. It causes damage to some organs of our body.
C. It works better when combined with other remedies. D. It helps us to recover much sooner.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It lasts till today. B. It lasted about ten years.
C. It’s not mentioned in the conversation. D. It lasts forever.
18. A. The commercial success of several boys and girls.
B. The funny daily stories that happened to a group of close friends.
C. How people in Manhattan made their living.
D. American culture, mainly the coffee culture.
19. A. It always received positive reviews from the critics.
B. It enjoyed a high rate of watching.
C. It was used as a tool for English learning all over the world.
D. It became a cultural phenomenon.
20. A. They may go to the “Central Perk” for a cup of coffee.
B. They may open a new coffee shop together.
C. They may start practicing English with each other.
D. They may go to the woman’s place to enjoy the show.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary（45’+20’）
Section A（1.5’×30=45’）
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. It was April 29, 2011 ________ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when
C. since D. before
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句中的关系词。句意：威廉王子和凯特·米德尔顿于2011年4月29日步人了婚礼的殿堂。A. that那个；B. when当……时；C. since自从；D. before在……之前。分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句。需用引导词when，在后面的从句中作时间状语，指代时间April 29, 2011，故选B项。
2. ______ the 2022 Winter Olympic Games would be held in Beijing made the nation very excited.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：2022年冬季奥运会将在北京举行，这使全国人民非常兴奋。分析句子结构可知，“______ the 2022 Winter Olympic Games would be held in Beijing”在句中做主语，为主语从句，所以空处缺少连接词，从句句意完整，不缺少任何成分，所以应用无任何意义只起连接作用that来引导，whenever意为“无论何时”，if和whether意为“是否”，故选D。
3. Ted came for the weekend wearing some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：Ted这个周末来只穿了短裤和体恤衫，在这样的天气这么做真是愚蠢的事情。此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，用关系代词which引导定语从句，指代前面的整个句子“Ted这个周末来只穿了短裤和体恤衫”，在定语从句中先行词做主语，为事件，只能用which。故选D项。
4. The headmaster made a suggestion that the sports meet ______ until next Sunday.
A. will be put off B. will put off C. put off D. be put off
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：校长建议运动会推迟到下星期天举行。分析句子结构可知，that从句跟在名词suggestion后面，是同位语从句，此处suggestion意为“建议”，所以同位语从句应用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，其中should可以省略，所以A和B项不对。根据句意可知，从句的主语the sports meet(运动会)和动词短语put off(推迟)二者之间是被动关系，所以应用should be put off，所以D项正确，省略了should，故选D。
5. ______ is a fact that English people and American people share a lot of customs.
A. There B. It C. That D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：事实上，英国人和美国人有很多共同的习俗。根据句意，英国人和美国人有很多共同的习俗是一个事实，that引导的从句为句子的真正主语，为主语从句，空处用it作形式主语，放在句首，首字母应大写。故选B项。
6. You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. where
C. when D. as
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你可以租等在车站的出租车到达你的旅馆。这是间隔式的定语从句，先行词是taxies,在定语从句中作宾语，所以用which 引导。其他的where和when不能在从句中作宾语，as引导的定语从句作宾语时前面的先行词必须有same或such等，故选A。
7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember ____.
A. where B. there
C. which D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句的引导词及宾语从句的省略结构。句意：Dr. Black不是来自牛津就是来自剑桥。我不记得是哪个了。后面句子完整的表达应为I can’t remember which city he comes from，结合选项，该题宾语从句部分省略了跟前面句子相同的部分。虽然A选项的where可以引导宾语从句，但是意思不符，用where的话，表示对于来自哪里是完全不记得的，此句前面已经给出了范围，所以A选项错误。B选项不可以引导宾语从句。C选项which“哪一个”，表示选择关系，符合题意。D选项that引导宾语从句时，不作成分，无意义，不符合题意。故选C。
8. ______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
A. What B. That C. The fact is D. The matter what
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句的连接词。句意：他在会上所说的话使在场的每个人都大吃一惊。此处考查主语从句，动词astonished之前，为主语从句，从句缺少said的宾语，应用连接代词what引导主语从句，what同时充当从句的宾语，意为“所……的”。故选A项。
9. I remember ______ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我记得这曾经是一个安静的村庄的时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，根据“this used to be a quiet village”可知，句子表示“我记得这曾经是一个安静的村庄的时候”，空格处意为“……的时候”，用when引导宾语从句，故选A。
10. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other．
A. they B. where C. what D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个古镇有狭窄的街道和小房子，彼此建的很近。先行词是narrow streets and small houses，在定语从句作主语，定语从句关系代词用that引导，故选D。
11. Can you tell me ______ the railway station?
A. how I can get to B. how can I get to
C. where I can get to D. where can I get to
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你能告诉我怎么能到达火车站吗？在宾语从句中疑问句用陈述句语序,而且地点已经知道,选A，表示“方式”。故选A项。
12. It worried her a bit _________ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句关系词。句意：她的头发慢慢变白了，这让她很忧虑。it是形式主语，后面是主语从句，从句中不缺成分，用that引导主语从句，故选B。

13. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：无论剩下什么东西，都可以放入冰箱中，在那儿可以保存两三个星期。分析可知，_____ it will keep for two or three weeks是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the refrigerator，在从句中作地点状语。故选C。
14. ________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：任何人最后一个出去应该要关灯。A. Anyone任何人；B. The person这个人；C. Whoever任何人；D. Who 谁。引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“任何人”应用whoever。A、B选项应改为Anyone who 和 The person who，whoever任何人符合语境 ，故选C项。
15. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _______ had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她领着游客们参观了博物馆，这座博物馆的建设花了三年多的时间。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词museum，且此处construction与museum为所属关系，故应用介词of，作介词的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故选C。
16. ______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and better cars.
A. That; how B. What; how C. What; what D. That; that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：他们最感兴趣的是他们如何能生产更多更好的汽车。分析句子可知， is前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的（东西）”这一意思，作主语，指物，用what填入空白；is是表语从句，从句主谓宾齐全，缺少状语，根据句意，显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”。故选B项。
17. The reason ________ she gave for not being present was ________ the heavy snow prevented her coming.
A. why; because B. why; whether C. that; that D. how; that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：她不在场的理由是大雪使她不能来。第一空所填词引导定语从句修饰先行词reason，先行词在从句中作动词gave的宾语，可用that、which或省略；第二空引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成句，句意完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选C。
18. Word came ______ I was wanted at the office.
A. which B. why C. that D. whether
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有消息说办公室找我。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是分割式同位语从句，说明抽象名词word的内容，从句中不缺主语或宾语，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that引导分割式同位语从句，故选C。
19. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where
C. what D. who
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她具有给学生创造一种允许他们自由交流的氛围的天赋。分析句子结构可知，定语从句“________allows them to communicate freely with each other”修饰先行词atmosphere，将先行词代入句后为：The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语，而且指代物，所以须用关系代词which，故选A项。
20. The town is no longer ______ it was ten years ago.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：这个城镇不再是十年前的样子了。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句。从句又缺少表语，且指物，所以用连接代词what引导，表示“……的样子”。故选C。
21. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ________ the audience can buy ice­cream.
A. when B. where
C. that D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在音乐会两部分之间有幕间休息，那个时候观众可以买冰激凌。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，在定语从句中作时间状语，应使用关系副词when引导。故选A项。
22. ____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What, what B. What, that
C. That, that D. That, what
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查连接词。句意：我们等不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的要好。前句缺主语，后句缺宾语，用what，故选A项。
23. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ______________ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when
C. what D. where
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：——我上周开车去珠海参观航展。——这是你为什么请几天假的原因吗？be动词后是表语从句，why在从句中作原因状语。故选A。
24. —______ has made our city Dalian ______ she is today?
—It is the Party’s policy that has made it take on a new look.
A. What; what B. That; what C. There; so D. That; that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查疑问代词和名词性从句。句意：——是什么使我们的城市大连成为今天的样子？——是党的政策使它有了新的面貌。第一空，根据句末问号可知，句子为疑问句，空处缺少句子的主语，用疑问代词What构成特殊疑问句；第二空，分析句子结构，she is后缺少表语成分，空处用连接代词what引导从句。故选A项。
25. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ________ she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom
C. which D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这些语言她都讲得很流利。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词German, French and Russian，作介词的宾语，且指物，故用which，故选C。
26. It was at the beginning ______ he made the decision ______ we should send more firefighters there.
A. that; that B. when; which C. there; what D. where; what
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型和同位语从句。句意：就在一开始，他就作出决定，我们应该派更多的消防员去那里。分析句子可知，第一空和句首的“It was”构成强调句型，被强调部分是时间状语at the beginning，故第一空用that；第二空引导同位语从句，对名词decision的内容补充说明，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导。故选A项。
27. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】本题考查定语从句。解题步骤：1. 确定从句：从空格到句末。2. 确定关系词：先行词为writer，与从句中的主语story是所属关系，用whose。句意：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。故选C。
28. It was ______ he worked out the maths problem that we wanted to know.
A. what B. how C. that D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句和强调句型。句意：我们想知道的是他是如何解出这道数学题的。分析句子可知，It was…that构成强调句型，know后缺少宾语，结合句意，此处表示“想知道他是如何解出这道数学题的”，用how引导宾语从句。句子中被强调的部分是宾语从句。故选B项。
29. There will be a special price for ______ buys things in large numbers here.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在这里买东西多的人都有特价。分析句子可知，for为介词，后面为宾语从句，从句部分缺少句子的主语，此处表示“任何人、无论谁”，用whoever。故选C项。
30. The days are gone ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：靠体力谋生的日子一去不复返了。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the days，先行词作从句的时间状语，用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选A项。
Section B（1’×20=20’）
（A）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. devoted B. groupings C. making D. connections E. tone F. overhear
G. available H. significantly I. favorable J. equivalent K. romantic
Not so long ago, it was the stuff of nightmares: you pick up the landline and there’s no dialing ____31____. Nothing. The phone is useless, dead in your hand. For most of the 20th century, this was a horror film cliche, a symbol of isolation and doom foretold.
But today the death of the landline is close to being a reality — and one entirely of our own ____32____. BT has announced plans to hike charges for landline calls, in a bid to maintain commercial feasibility for landline services. The move suggests that BT which has long promoted landlines over mobile calls may have given up on turning back the clock. In the US, the proportion of households that have mobile phone connection but no landline has risen to a quarter. The most recent research in the UK put the ____33____ figure at 15%.
The death of the landline has gone almost unnoticed. After all, the din of phone chatter is all around us. What difference does it make whether the cables lie underground or not? A lot, actually. The death of the landline is a cultural shift that affects our personal and public lives. It has freed us from our ____34____— in the office, where email has disconnected us from what the people who sit three feet away do all day, and even more ____35____, at home. In any household in the days before mobiles took over, the landline served as switchboard for everyone’s ____36____ outside the home. The phone rang, you answered it, you asked who was calling, and then you passed the phone over. Everyone knew who called you, and how long you spoke for. Within families, couples, flatmates, it was a kind of invisible knowledge map about the state of everyone’s ____37____ and social lives, and one we took for granted. Now, we are all freelance operatives.
And ____38____ though we are to our mobiles, most of the time we aren’t talking but typing. Office culture has become increasingly silent. All you ____39____ these days is the clatter of typing, the lull (沉寂) while they wait for a response, and then the rapt (全神贯注的) concentration when the emailed reply appears. With the arrogant “ignore” button, we all become a little more untouchable in our individual worlds, and less ____40____.
【答案】31. E 32. C 33. J 34. B 35. H 36. D 37. K 38. A 39. F 40. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是固定电话的重要性及它的消失的影响。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：不久以前，这简直是噩梦：你拿起座机，却没有拨号音。由后文的“Nothing. The phone is useless, dead in your hand”可知，座机没有用了，所以是没有拨号音，空格处是“（电话或应答机等发出的）声音信号”，是tone。故选E。
【32题详解】
考查动名词。句意：但是今天，固定电话的消亡接近于成为现实——而且完全是我们自己造成的。由后文的“BT has announced plans to hike charges for landline calls, in a bid to maintain commercial feasibility for landline services”可知，句子表示“固定电话的消亡接近于成为现实——而且完全是我们自己造成的”，空格处是“造成”，用动名词making作宾语。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：英国最近的一项研究显示，这一比例为15%。由上文的“In the US, the proportion of households that have mobile phone connection but no landline has risen to a quarter”可知，英国最近的一项研究显示，这一比例为15%，空格处意为“等同的”，是equivalent。故选J。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：它把我们从群体中解放出来——在办公室里，电子邮件把我们与坐在三英尺外的人整天做的事情隔绝开来，更重要的是，它把我们与家里的人隔绝开来。由后文的“in the office, where email has disconnected us from what the people who sit three feet away do all day”可知，它使我们从群体中解放出来，空格处是“群体”，是groupings。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查副词。句意：它把我们从群体中解放出来——在办公室里，电子邮件把我们与坐在三英尺外的人整天做的事情隔绝开来，更重要的是，它把我们与家里的人隔绝开来。由“at home”和后文的“the landline served as switchboard for everyone’s __6___ outside the home”可知，更重要的是，它把我们与家里的人隔绝开来，空格处意为“重要地”，用副词作状语，是significantly。故选H。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：在手机普及之前的日子里，固定电话是每个家庭与外界联系的总机。由“the landline served as switchboard for everyone’s _____outside the home”可知，在手机普及之前的日子里，固定电话是每个家庭与外界联系的总机，空格处是“联系”，是名词connections。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在家庭、情侣、室友中，它是一种无形的知识地图，关于每个人的浪漫和社交生活的状态，我们认为这是理所当然的。由“and social lives”可知，它是一种无形的知识地图，关于每个人的浪漫和社交生活的状态，空格处是“浪漫的”，用形容词romantic，修饰名词lives。故选K。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管我们热衷于手机，但大部分时间我们不是在说话，而是在打字。由“we are to our mobiles, most of the time we aren’t talking but typing”可知，句子表示“尽管我们热衷于手机，但大部分时间我们不是在说话，而是在打字”，空格处是“热衷的”，是形容词devoted。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些天，你无意中听到的只有打字的声音，等待回复时的平静，以及收到回复邮件时的全神贯注。由后文的“the clatter of typing, the lull (沉寂) while they wait for a response, and then the rapt (全神贯注的) concentration when the emailed reply appears”可知，你能无意中听到的只有打字的声音，等待回复时的平静，以及收到回复邮件时的全神贯注，空格处是“无意中听到”，是overhear。故选F。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有了傲慢的“忽略”按钮，我们在自己的世界里变得更不可触碰，也更不容易接近。由上文的“we all become a little more untouchable in our individual worlds”可知，因为我们按了“忽略”按钮，我们变得更不可触碰，也更不容易接近，空格处意为“可找到的”，是形容词available。故选G。
（B）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.reliance B.sought C.process D.contributing E.scalable F.delivered G.feasible H.efficient I.positioned J.occurring K.significant
New Path to Plastics
A crucial component could come from existing carbon sources.Ethylene (乙烯)is the world's most popular industrial chemical.Consumers and industry demand 150 million tons every year, and most of it goes into countless plastic products, from electronics to textiles.To get ethylene, energy companies crack hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物)from natural gas in a process that requires a lot of heat and energy,______41______ to climate change - causing emissions.
Scientists recently made ethylene by combining carbon dioxide gas, water and organic molecules (分子)on the surface of a copper catalyst (催化剂)inside an electrolyzer - a device that uses electricity to drive a chemical reaction.The______42______, described last November online in Nature, could point the way toward using carbon dioxide as feed-stock for chemicals and potentially fuels, helping to reduce ______43______on fossil fuels and to put a dent in industrial carbon emission.
The discovery grows out of work published last year by University of Toronto engineer Ted Sargent, describing a similar process that used more electricity and was less ______44______overall.So Sargent says he ______45______out researchers at the California Institute of Technology who are "black belts in molecular design and synthesis."
Caltech chemists Jonas Peters and Theodor Agapie and their colleagues experimented with organic molecules to add to the copper catalyst.An arylpyridinum salt turned out to be the Goldilocks molecule, Sargent says it formed a water-insoluble (不溶于水)film (薄膜)on the copper that ______46______the carbon dioxide so its molecules reacted most efficiently with one another, without slowing down the reaction.The result was more ethylene, with fewer by-products such as methane (甲烷)and hydrogen.
Still, the process must become even more efficient before it can be commercially ______47______and use carbon scrubbed or captured from facilities such as coal-or gas -burning power plants.Lower energy costs, already______48______ with renewable energy sources such as wind, could also help make it more ______49______.
"This is a(n) ______50______breakthrough," says Randy Cortright, a senior research advisesr at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo., who was not involved in the study.This result, he says, is "something that a lot of people are going to pay attention to, and they're going to be able to build on."
【答案】41. D 42. C
43. A 44. H
45. B 46. I
47. E 48. J
49 G 50. K
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。本文介绍了一种环保地提取塑料的新方法。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了得到乙烯，公司们会通过需要大量热和能源的过程从天然气中化裂出碳氢化合物，导致环境变化并造成排放。前面的过程导致后面的结果，contribute to是固定短语，做状语，故选D。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：去年11月，《自然》杂志在线版描述了这一过程，它可能为使用二氧化碳作为原料生产化学品和潜在的燃料指明了道路，有助于减少对化石燃料的依赖，并减少工业碳排放。主语用名词，描述了科学家制作乙烯的过程。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：去年11月，《自然》杂志在线版描述了这一过程，它可能为使用二氧化碳作为原料生产化学品和潜在的燃料指明了道路，有助于减少对化石燃料的依赖，并减少工业碳排放。动词reduce后用名词，表示“对......依赖”用reliance on，符合句意。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这一发现源于多伦多大学工程师 Ted Sargent去年发表的研究成果，描述使用更多电和不高效的相似的过程。and 连接并列的含义，根据前面 used more electricity 得知，这个过程不高效，故选H。
【45题详解】
考查动词。句意：所以萨金特说他找到了加州理工学院的研究人员，他们是“分子设计与合成的黑带”。“寻找”是固定短语seek out，句子为一般过去时。符合句意。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词。句意：Sargent说二氧化碳吸附在铜上面形成了不溶于水的薄膜,，所以它的分子之间的反应最有效，不会减慢反应速度。根据化学反应的中国，二氧化碳吸附在铜上面,position“定位”，句子为一般过去时，符合句意。故选I。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不过，这个过程必须提高效率，才能实现商业推广，并使用从燃煤或燃气发电厂等设施中清除或捕获的碳。表示在商业领域扩展使用前，要完善，be 后接形容词scalable“大小能改变的”，作表语，符合句意。故选E。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：风能等可再生能源已经降低了能源成本，这也有助于使其更加可行。occur表示“发生”作非谓语，与Lower energy costs在逻辑上是主动关系。符合句意故选J。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意：例如风能这些可再生能源成本已经很低，较低的能源成本可以帮助使它更可行。较低的能源成本可以帮助使它更可行。make+it+形容词。形容词作宾语补足语，feasible“可行的”，符合句意。故选G。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是一个重大的突破。能够研究出低成本能源是一个重大突破，形容词修饰名词breakthrough，significant “重大的”符合句意，故选K。
【点睛】
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A（15%）
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The closer one studies the gig economy (灰色经济), the less fun it sounds. Those who make their living this way, generally ____51____ app-based platforms that match consumer needs with workers who can fulfil them, ____52____ being in uncertain employment.
Bodies such as the International Labor Organization characterize this kind of employment as mostly low paid and ____53____, in which workers enjoy very few social, organizational and ____54____ rights and protections.
Attention is turning to the health and wellbeing of this fast-growing workforce, which ____55____ about 1.3m in the U.K. One academic is even calling for a “Gighall” study—similar to the landmark Whitehall ____56____ into the health of civil servants.
Those studies conducted over three decades by Sir Michael Marmot, demonstrated the ____57____ between socio-economic status and health, a correlation that became known as “status syndrome”. Senior civil servants enjoyed lower ____58____ of death and heart disease than lowlier employees, a difference partly ascribed to (把……归功于……)autonomy (自主权) at work.
The ____59____ of powerlessness that afflicts (折磨；使痛苦) many in the gig economy—according to one survey, only four out of 10 gig workers (零工) feel like they are their own _____60_____—suggests that health problems may be brewing in this sizeable slice of workforce.
One study on the Italian workforce published last year in Social Science and Medicine, suggests that those on _____61_____ contracts are more likely to use prescription medication for mental health conditions such as _____62_____(although the reverse is also true that preexisting ill health leads to more irregular employment).
_____63_____ not specifically about the gig economy, the authors, from the universities of Brunel and Milan, conclude that the _____64_____ to make labour markets more flexible might prove ill for the psychological wellbeing of workers.
Gig work is often conducted privately, in cars and homes, from bicycles and motorbikes, instead of from a _____65_____ workplace, so basic hazards, such as fatigue associated with long hours, can go unnoticed.
51. A. reflecting on B. working for C. getting along D. serving with
52. A. are regarded as B. are defined as C. are related to D. are involved in
53. A. insane B. innocent C. insecure D. inventive
54. A. legal B. progressive C. ambitious D. miserable
55. A. counts B. numbers C. predicts D. forecasts
56. A. problems B. workers C. studies D. needs
57. A. thread B. clue C. role D. link
58. A. situation B. rates C. case D. position
59. A. display B. sense C. awareness D. expression
60. A. mate B. boss C. worker D. supervisor
61. A. permanent B. momentary C. casual D. temporary
62. A. flu B. diabetes C. stroke D. depression
63. A. As B. Because C. Therefore D. While
64. A. initiative B. drive C. inspiration D. ambition
65. A. tricky B. enjoyable C. shared D. lovable
【答案】51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. B 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. B 60. B 61. D 62. D 63. D 64. B 65. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了the gig economy (灰色经济)的现状、发展模式以及带来的一些社会问题，通过调查和研究结果说明了从事灰色经济对人员身心健康尤其是心理健康所带来的影响。
【51题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：那些以这种方式谋生的人，通常是在基于应用平台上工作，这些平台将消费者的需求与能够满足他们需求的员工匹配起来，他们被视为处于不确定就业状态。A. reflecting on反映；B. working for为……工作；C. getting along和……相处； D. serving with向……提供。根据前文短语“make a living(谋生)”以及下文的“workers(工人)”可知，此处指“为……工作”。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：那些以这种方式谋生的人，通常是在基于应用平台上工作，这些平台将消费者的需求与能够满足他们需求的员工匹配起来，他们被视为处于不确定就业状态。A. are regarded as被认为；B. are defined as被定义为……；C. are related to和……有关；D. are involved in包括。根据下文“being in uncertain employment”可知，零工的这种情况是被视为处于不稳定的状态。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国际劳工组织（International Labor Organization）等组织认为，这种就业大多报酬低、不安全，工人很少享有社会、组织和法律权利和保护。A. insane疯狂的；B. innocent无辜的；C. insecure不安全的，不稳定的；D. inventive发明的，别出心裁的。根据下文“in which workers enjoy very few social, organizational and ____4____ rights and protections.”对零工描述的特点“很少享有社会、组织和法律权利和保护”可知，他们的情况是不安全的。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国际劳工组织(International Labor Organization)等组织认为，这种就业大多报酬低、不安全，工人很少享有社会、组织和法律权利和保护。A. legal合法的；B. progressive先进的；C. ambitious有雄心抱负的；D. miserable悲痛的。根据前面的形容词“social(社会的)，organizational(组织的)”可知此处修饰“rights(权利)和protection(保护)”用“legal(合法的)”。故选A。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们的注意力正转向快速增长的劳动力的健康和福祉，在英国这一数字约为130万。A. counts计算，依赖；B. numbers计数；C. predicts预测；D. forecasts预言。根据下文“1.3m(130万)”可知，此处是“计数，数量是……”。故选B。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位学者甚至呼吁开展一项“Gighall”研究——类似于具有里程碑意义的白厅对公务员健康的研究。A. problems问题；B. workers工人；C. studies研究；D. needs需要。根据破折号前一句中的“study(研究)”以及下一段第一句的“those studies(这些研究)”可知，此处补充说明是什么样的研究。故选C。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：迈克尔•马莫特爵士（Sir Michael Marmot）进行了30多年的研究，证明了社会经济地位与健康之间的联系，这种关联后来被称为“地位综合症”。A. thread线，思路；B. clue线索；C. role角色，部分；D. link环节，联系。根据下文的“correlation(相互关系，关联)”可知，此处指的是“联系”。故选D。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：高级公务员死亡和患上心脏病的几率低于较低层雇员，这种差异在一定程度上归因于工作上的自主权。A. situation情况；B. rates几率，比率；C. case情况，实例；D. position位置。根据下文“death and heart disease(死亡和心脏病)”以及比较级lower(低于)可推出，此处是几率(rates)。故选B。
【59题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项调查显示，只有四成的零工觉得自己是自己的老板，这种无力感困扰着许多零工经济中的人，这表明，在这一相当大的劳动力群体中，健康问题可能正在酝酿之中。A. display显示；B. sense感觉，感受；C. awareness意识；D. expression表达。根据下文内容“only four out of 10 gig workers feel like they are their own ____10____”（只有四成的零工觉得自己是自己的老板）可推出，他们被这种零工所具有的无力感所折磨，困扰。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项调查显示，只有四成的零工觉得自己是自己的老板，这种无力感困扰着许多零工经济中的人，这表明，在这一相当大的劳动力群体中，健康问题可能正在酝酿之中。A. mate伙伴；B. boss老板；C. worker工人；D. supervisor导师。根据上文“The ____9____ of powerlessness that afflicts many in the gig economy”提到的许多人被零工的“无力感”困扰可知，只有四成的零工觉得自己是自己的老板。故选B。
【61题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年发表在Social Science and Medicine的一项关于意大利的劳动力的研究结果表明只有那些签临时合同的零工更可能因为抑郁症等心理健康状况使用处方药。(尽管反过来也可能是真的，预先存在的疾病会导致更多的不规则就业)。A. permanent永久的；B. momentary短暂的；C. casual临时的，偶然的；D. temporary临时的。根据零工的特点以及下文提到会引发心理健康问题和不规则就业可知签的是临时（短期）合同，故选D。
【62题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年发表在Social Science and Medicine的一项关于意大利的劳动力的研究结果表明只有那些签临时合同的零工更可能因为抑郁症等心理健康状况使用处方药(尽管反过来也可能是真的，预先存在的疾病会导致更多的不规则就业)。A. flu流感；B. diabetes糖尿病；C. stroke中风；D. depression抑郁症。根据上文“mental health problems(心理健康问题)”可知，此处指抑郁症，ABC三项都是身体健康问题，排除。故选D。
【63题详解】
考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意：来自布鲁内尔大学和米兰大学的作者们得出结论，虽然没有具体涉及到灰色经济，但他们得出的结论是，让劳动力市场更加灵活的驱动力可能对工人的心理健康不利。A. As当，和……一样；B. Because因为；C. Therefore因此；D. While尽管。根据上文“not specifically about the gig economy”（没有具体涉及到灰色经济）与下文“to make labour markets more flexible might prove ill for the psychological wellbeing of workers.”（让劳动力市场更加灵活的驱动力可能对工人的心理健康不利）之间为让步关系。故选D。
【64题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：来自布鲁内尔大学和米兰大学的作者们得出结论，虽然没有具体涉及到灰色经济，但他们得出的结论是，让劳动力市场更加灵活的驱动力可能对工人的心理健康不利。A. initiative倡议；B. drive驱动力，欲望；C. inspiration灵感；D. ambition雄心抱负。根据后置定语“让劳动力市场更加灵活”可知，主语为“驱动力”，故选B。
【65题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：零工工作通常是在私人场所进行的，比如在汽车里或家里，在自行车或摩托车上，而不是在共享的工作场所，因此，长时间工作导致的疲劳等基本危险可以不被注意到。A. tricky狡猾的；B. enjoyable令人享受的；C. shared共享的；D. lovable可爱的。根据前文的“privately(私人地)”以及短语instead of 表达的转折关系可知，此处是“共享的”，故选C。
Section B（22%）
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
People always regret asking me and my wife how we got together. It's a long story, involving other relationships and several countries, and to be honest, it's not that interesting, so I'll spare you the details. We were at a restaurant in Tuscany on our summer holiday last year though, when we met another English couple who had a far more interesting story than us. Lynn and Andy had actually met online before they got together, or at least they thought they had. After a few casual conversations through an online dating agency, they decided to meet for real. Lynn arrived at the restaurant first, and shortly after was approached by Andy, who thought she was someone else. It turns out they'd both arranged to meet different people, but liked the look of each other, and that was that!
And they're not alone. It seems there are all sorts of places you might meet that special someone. Lukas met Sofia for the first time when he crashed into her car — on his bicycle. It was raining and I was coming downhill really fast, so I couldn't really see where I was going. Sofia opened her car door and I went straight into it, and off my bike,explains Lukas. I was unconscious for a few seconds, and when I came round there was this beautiful young woman asking me "Are you OK?" Well, after that, she went to the hospital with me and was just really kind, really caring, and we hit it off. ”
Every cloud has a silver lining, so they say, and Nick McKiddie would most likely agree. He was leaving the office late one night when he got robbed by a group of young men. He wasn't hurt, but they stole his phone and wallet, so he called the police. Susan Harris, a young police officer at the time, attended the call. Nick explains, I don't know whether I was in shock because of what had happened, but I think it was love at first sight. I would never usually be so confident, but I just asked if she wanted to go for a drink sometime, and to my surprise, she said yes! Nick and Susan got married last December.
Animals don't have the same social inhibitions (抑制；顾虑) as humans do, and this was certainly the case when Ri took her dog, Ben, to the local dog park. “As soon as I took his head off, he ran straight to another dog on the other side of the park, and started getting very friendly indeed,” she laughs. “I actually had to pull him away, and that was when I met Ben, the other dog's owner. We had a good laugh about it all, especially when we realised he had the same name as my dog. We became friends after that, and well, the rest is history.”
66. According to the passage, Lynn and Andy .
A. first met in a restaurant in Tuscany
B. regretted talking to each other online.
C. were arranged to see other people at first.
D. preferred casual conversations to real meeting
67. got to know each other due to an accident.
A. The author and his wife B. Lukas and Sofia
C. Nick and Susan D. Ri and Ben
68. By “every could has a silver lining” (in paragraph 3), the author means that .
A. every day is good beginning
B. good luck comes with misfortunes
C. what you value matters in your life
D. people do not always behave as usual
69. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The methods of joining animals and us.
B. The places where people get together.
C. The weird ways people meet.
D. The special cases of dating.
【答案】66. C 67. B 68. B 69. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章以故事的形式讲述了人们见面的奇怪方式。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中的“It turns out they'd both arranged to meet different people, but liked the look of each other, and that was that!”（结果他们两人都安排好了去见不同的人，但却喜欢对方的相貌，就这样！），可知林恩和安迪一开始都安排好了去见其他人。故选C项。
【67题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“Lukas met Sofia for the first time when he crashed into her car — on his bicycle.”（卢卡斯第一次见到索菲是在他骑自行车撞上她的车时。），可知Lukas和Sofia是因为一次撞车事故认识了彼此。故选B项。
【68题详解】
句意猜测题。由第三段的“He was leaving the office late one night when he got robbed by a group of young men. He wasn't hurt, but they stole his phone and wallet, so he called the police. Susan Harris, a young police officer at the time, attended the call. Nick explains, I don't know whether I was in shock because of what had happened, but I think it was love at first sight. I would never usually be so confident, but I just asked if she wanted to go for a drink sometime, and to my surprise, she said yes! Nick and Susan got married last December.”（一天晚上他要离开办公室，突然被一群年轻人抢劫了。他没有受伤，但他们偷走了他的电话和钱包，于是他报警了。当时年轻的警官苏珊·哈里斯接听了电话。尼克解释说，“我不知道是不是因为刚发生的事情而震惊了，但我认为这是一见钟情。我通常不会这么自信，但我只是问她是否想去喝一杯，令我吃惊的是，她说是的！尼克和苏珊去年12月结婚了。），可知尼克被抢劫，这是不幸的事，但因此认识了警官苏珊且最后二人结婚了，这是好事，说明不幸中会有好事发生，every could has a silver lining在此处意为“好运伴随着不幸而来”。故选B项。
【69题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段讲“Lynn和Andy一开始以为见的是其他人，实际上见了彼此”，第二段讲“Lukas和Sofia是因为一次撞车事故认识了彼此”，第三段讲“因为一次抢劫，Nick认识了警官Susan”，第四段讲“因为狗狗，Ri认识了Ben”，可知本文讲的是人们奇奇怪怪的见面方式，C项“人们见面的奇怪方式”符合文意。故选C项。
（B）
Anytime you have more than two lines to choose from, odds are you will not pick the fastest one. What to do? Plan Ahead.
■ At the grocery store: Favor stores that use a “serpentine line” — that is, a single long line that flows into multiple cash registers (e. g. , the line at your local bank). Many Trader Joe's and Whole Foods stores use this system, proved to be at least three times faster.
■ At airport security: Wait times tend to double every Friday afternoon from four to eight, but if you are a frequent traveler who cannot avoid rush hour, consider investing S100 in Global Entry. This U. S. Customs and Border Protection service makes you eligible for the TSA Pre-Cheek line and allows you to skip the customs desk during international travel. Visit cbp. gov to apply.
■ On hold: Sick of hearing “For English, stay on the line”? Visit get-human. com, a crowd sourced database that tells you the quickest way to beat the phone tree for more than 10,000 companies.
■ At the DMV: Start online, where most states allow you to take care of basic services remotely or at least schedule an appointment. Avoid visits at the end of the month, when most driver's licenses expire（过期）,and go before noon in the middle of the week.
■ At Disneyland: Arrive at least 30 minutes before the park opens, and start with the most popular rides; every minute you show up after the doors open becomes two extra minutes in line.
70. Which of the following pictures best explains a "serpentine line"?
A.
B.
C.
D.
71. What advice does the writer give?
A. Avoiding going through airport security from 4 p.m.to 8 p.m.
B. Going to the DMV as soon as your driver's license expires.
C. Visiting get-human.com to get access to free phone service.
D. Get to the Disneyland well before the opening time.
72. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Where to get the best service
B. How to plan ahead for shopping
C. How to survive the slowest line
D. Where to find the faster website
【答案】70. B 71. D 72. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，当你有超过两条线可供选择时，你可能不会选最快的一条，怎么办？提前计划。
【70题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“At the grocery store: Favor stores that use a “serpentine line” — that is, a single long line that flows into multiple cash registers (e. g. , the line at your local bank).”（在杂货店：青睐使用“蛇形线”的商店，即流入多个收银台的单一长线，例如，当地银行的排队。），可知serpentine line指一条长线流入多个收银台，B图符合。故选B项。
【71题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段“At Disneyland: Arrive at least 30 minutes before the park opens, and start with the most popular rides; every minute you show up after the doors open becomes two extra minutes in line.”（在迪士尼乐园：至少在公园开放前30分钟到达，从最受欢迎的游乐设施开始；开门后每一分钟你都会多排队两分钟。），可知至少在公园开放前30分钟到达，说明作者建议在开园时间之前到达迪斯尼乐园。故选D项。
【72题详解】
主旨大意题。由第一段“Anytime you have more than two lines to choose from, odds are you will not pick the fastest one. What to do? Plan Ahead.”（任何时候你有两条以上的路线可供选择，你很可能不会选择最快的一条。怎么办？提前计划。），可知当你有超过两条线可供选择时，你可能不会选最快的一条，反而选慢的那一条，文章告诉我们如何处理这种情况，即“提前计划”，说的就是选择慢的那一条时的处理方法，C项“如何在最慢的线路上生存”符合文意。故选C项。
（C）
In ancient seawall built by Neolithic people to protect their village from sea-level rise over 7,000 years ago has been discovered by scientists. The 330-fbot wall, off the Carmel coast of Israel, was built with boulders from a riverbed over a mile away to create a buffer （缓冲器） between the Mediterranean Sea and the settlement of Tel Hreiz, researchers say.
In a study published in PLOS One, researchers led by Ehud Galili, of the University of Haifa, Israel, say this represents the oldest known coastal defense system in the world and a feat of engineering with "extensive effort invested by the Neolithic villagers in its conception, organization and construction."
At the time the settlement existed, sea levels were rising as global temperatures warmed following the end of the last icc age. The Mediterranean was rising by up to seven millimeters （0. 27 inches） per year. Over a lifetime, this would have equaled around 20 centimeters.
"This rate of sea-level rise means the frequency of destructive storms damaging the village would have risen significantly," Galili said in a statement. "The environmental changes would have been noticeable to people, during the lifetime of a settlement across several centuries. Eventually the accumulating yearly sea-level necessitated （vt. 使……成为必要，需要）a human response involving the construction of a coastal protection wall similar to what we're seeing around the world now. "
The Tel Hreiz settlement was first uncovered in the 1960s but the seawall was only identified in 2010 after a severe storm exposed it. Galili and his team then set about analyzing the remains of the submerged （水下的）wall.
They found it was almost 10 feet tall and was built around the same time as the village. Over the course of decades, the seawall would have suffered from marine erosion, the researchers say. After the sand layer was removed, waves and storms may have eventually dislodged boulders and stones.
Despite this "display of resilience" in the face of sea-level rise, the people of Tel Hreiz eventually left the village and, over time, both the seawall and village were lost to sea. "The seawall may have worked for a period," the team wrote, "however, ultimately it proved futile （无用的）and the village was eventually abandoned. The Tel Hreiz seawall represents the earliest example of a coastal defense of this type known to date. "
The team points to parallels with sea-level rise mankind is facing today. While the rate at the moment is considerably lower than what these Neolithic people were facing, it is expected that many of the world's coastal towns and cities will be impacted in the next century.
"Given the size of coastal populations and modem urban settlements, the magnitude of predicted future population displacement differs considerably to the impacts on people during the Neolithic,” the study said. “However, many of the fundamental human questions and the decision making relating to human resilience, coastal defense, local adaptation, technological innovation and decisions to ultimately abandon long-standing settlements remain ominously relevant. ”
73. In the ancient seawalls built by people in the Neolithic age, it is right to say that________.
A. it’s the old coastal defense system to protect villagers
B. it's first discovered in the 1960s after a severe storm
C. it was built to protect its villages from the rise of sea level
D. the seawall finally protected the village from damage
74. What measure have people taken in the face of sea level rise firstly?
A. Building coastal protection wall.
B. Leaving the village to safe places.
C. Paying attention to the change of environment.
D. Researching technological innovation
75. In Paragraph 7, "display of resilience" probably refers to_______.
A. recovery from disasters B. positive Village
C. protective measures D. the seawall
76. The writer's purpose in writing this article is to suggest that_______.
A. more seawall should be built to resist sea level rise
B. sea level rise will be a big problem for us
C. we should take more measures to prevent sea level rise
D. many people will be displaced in the future.
【答案】73. C 74. A 75. D 76. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们发现，在7000多年前，新石器时代的人们为了保护自己的村庄不受海平面上升的影响而建造的古代海堤。
【73题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中的“In ancient seawall built by Neolithic people to protect their village from sea-level rise over 7,000 years ago has been discovered by scientists.”（科学家们发现，在7000多年前，新石器时代的人们为了保护自己的村庄不受海平面上升的影响而建造的古代海堤）可知，新石器时代人们建造的古代海堤是为了保护村庄不受海平面上升的影响。故选C项。
【74题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“Eventually the accumulating yearly sea-level necessitated a human response involving the construction of a coastal protection wall similar to what we're seeing around the world now.”（最终，每年不断升高的海平面使得人类必须做出反应，修建一道类似于我们现在在世界各地看到的海岸防护墙）可知，面对海平面上升，人们首先采取了建造海岸防护墙的措施。故选A项。
【75题详解】
词句猜测题。由第七段中的“the people of Tel Hreiz eventually left the village and, over time, both the seawall and village were lost to sea. "The seawall may have worked for a period," the team wrote, "however, ultimately it proved futile （无用的）and the village was eventually abandoned.”（泰尔赫雷斯的人民最终还是离开了这个村庄，久而久之，海堤和村庄都消失在海上。”“海堤可能已经工作了一段时间，”研究小组写道，“然而，最终证明它是徒劳的，村庄最终被遗弃了。”）可知，泰尔赫雷斯的人民建造海堤抵御海平面上升，海堤在抵御海平面上升过程中也发生了一段时间的作用，所以display of resilience在“Despite this "display of resilience" in the face of sea-level rise”（尽管在海平面上升的情况下出现了这种“display of resilience”）意为“海堤”。故选D项。
【76题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段中的“However, many of the fundamental human questions and the decision making relating to human resilience, coastal defense, local adaptation, technological innovation and decisions to ultimately abandon long-standing settlements remain ominously relevant.”（然而，许多基本的人类问题以及与人类复原力、海岸防御、当地适应、技术创新和最终放弃长期居住的决定有关的决策，仍然具有可怕的相关性）可知，最终放弃长期定居点的决定是与海平面上升有关的，这会给人类带来负面影响，说明作者写这篇文章的目的是暗示海平面上升对我们来说是个大问题。故选B项。
Section C（8%）
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Asking for a little can go a long way
Throughout this book we’ve attempted to provide evidence to support our claims that we can successfully move people to say yes.______77______
Along with several colleagues, one of us set out to do just that. We thought that, when asked to make a donation, even those who would like to support the charity in some way say no, because they can’t afford to donate very much, and they assume that the small amount that they can afford wouldn’t do much to help the cause. ______78______
To test this hypothesis (假设) our research assistants went door to door to request donations for the American Cancer Society. After introducing themselves, they asked the residents, “Would you be willing to help by giving a donation?” For half the residents the request ended there. ______79______
When we analyzed the results we found that, consistent with our hypothesis, people in the “even a penny will help” half of the sample were almost twice as likely to donate to the cause. And the amount the individuals gave was also found to be more or less the same in both halves, so the people in the “even a penny” half did not donate less.
______80______Applications in the workplace might be: to a co-worker regarding a joint project, “Just an hour of your time would really help,” to a co-worker whose handwriting is illegible, “Just a little more clarity would help.” The chances are that this little step in the right direction won’t prove so little after all.
A. Based on this reasoning, we thought that one way to urge people to donate in such a situation would be to inform them that even an extremely small sum would be helpful.
B. The study suggests that if you want somebody to do something for you, simply pointing out that even a little assistance on their part would be acceptable is likely to be an effective strategy.
C. For the other half, however, the research assistant added “Even a penny will help.”
D. And there's enough proof that people tend to yes when they believe what they do can help.
E. But in certain situations and environment it’s also important to understand why people say no to reasonable requests, such as a request to donate to a charity.
F. For the other half the request may end with a reason why their assistance is necessary.
【答案】77. E 78. A 79. C 80. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过劝人捐款的实例，劝告读者给予别人一点帮助真的能起到很大的作用。
【77题详解】
本文通过劝人捐款的实例意在劝告读者给予别人一点帮助真的能起到很大的作用。由第二段前两句“和几个同事一起，我们中的一个开始这样做。我们认为，当被要求捐款时，即使是那些想以某种方式支持慈善事业的人也会说不，因为他们负担不起太多的捐款，而且他们认为自己负担得起的小额捐款对慈善事业没有多大帮助。”可知，下文通过作者和同事去问别人捐钱给慈善机构的事，讲述了人们不捐款的原因，由原因可推断，有时人们选择不捐款也是可以理解的，因此想要人捐款，理解人们不捐款也挺重要的，承接下文，E选项“但在某些情况和环境下，理解人们为什么会拒绝合理的请求，例如向慈善机构捐款的请求，也是很重要的。”切题。故选E项。
【78题详解】
本文通过劝人捐款的实例意在劝告读者给予别人一点帮助真的能起到很大的作用。由第二段第二句“我们认为，当被要求捐款时，即使是那些想以某种方式支持慈善事业的人也会说不，因为他们负担不起太多的捐款，而且他们认为自己负担得起的小额捐款对慈善事业没有多大帮助。”和第三段首句“为了验证这一假设，我们的研究助理挨家挨户地向美国癌症协会申请捐款。”可知，人们不捐款是因为捐不起太多钱或认为小额捐款对慈善事业没有多大帮助，而且在第三段开头提到了hypothesis(假设)，说明这个“假设”在上文中提及，可推断出作者假设，如果要让人们捐款，可以告诉人们小额捐款对慈善事业也有帮助，承接上下文，A选项“基于这一推理，我们认为，在这种情况下，敦促人们捐款的一种方法就是告诉他们，即使是极少量的捐款也会有帮助。”切题。故选A项。
【79题详解】
由上一句“对于一半的居民来说，这项要求就此结束。”和第四段首句“当我们分析结果时，我们发现，与我们的假设相一致，在“哪怕一分钱也会有帮助”的样本中，有一半的人捐钱给慈善事业的可能性几乎是原来的两倍。”可知，上文的For half对应F选项和C选项中的For the other half，但只有C选项中的however体现了转折关系，引出了下文的“even a penny will help”，承接上下文，C选项“然而，对于另一半，这位研究助理补充说“哪怕一分钱也会有帮助”。”切题。故选C项。
【80题详解】
本空需要一句总结性的话来对上文请求居民捐钱给慈善机构这件事所得出的启事（哪怕一分钱也会有帮助）做个总结，只剩下B选项能起到总结作用，因为该项最后提到了an effective strategy，由下两句“在工作场所的应用程序可能是：对于一个合作项目的同事来说，“只要你花一个小时的时间就真的很有帮助”，对于一个手写不清的同事来说，“再清楚一点就有帮助了。”有可能，朝着正确方向迈出的这一小步终究不会那么小。”可知，下文中的“在工作中，只要一点点帮助就能有用”在对“哪怕一分钱也会有帮助”这个启事进行举一反三，说明“一点点帮助就能有用”是一个有效的策略，可以在职场运用这个策略让别人接受我们的意见，承接下文，B选项“这项研究表明，如果你想有人帮你做点什么，简单地指出即使是他们的一点帮助也可以接受，这可能是一个有效的策略。”切题。故选B项。
第II卷
IV. Translation: （5’×3=15’）
81. 小王据说上个月作为环保事业的拥护者被新的单位录用了，而且很快该升职了。（said，due）（汉译英）
【答案】It’s said that XiaoWang was hired as an advocate of the environmental protection last month and he is due to get a promotion before long.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型，时态、语态、动词短语和介词短语。根据提示词said，“据说”表达为It’s said that...，that引导主语从句，it为形式主语；“上个月作为环保事业的拥护者被新的单位录用了，而且很快该升职了。”为主语从句的内容，用that引导；其中的“作为（一个）环保事业的拥护者”表达为介词短语as an advocate of the environmental protection，作状语；“被新的单位录用了”表达为动词短语be hired by a new work unit，为被动语态；根据时间状语“上个月（last month）”，主语从句部分的前一部分用一般过去时态，从句主语是“小王（Xiao Wang）”，从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式的be动词was；“很快”即“不久以后”，表达为介词短语before long，为状语；根据提示词due，此处应用固定搭配be due to do，意为“将要做……”，从句的后部分为一般现在时态表将来，“升职”表达为动词短语get a promotion。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：It’s said that XiaoWang was hired as an advocate of the environmental protection last month and he is due to get a promotion before long.
82. 务必确保那笔相当于2000万元人民币的基金用于那个古建筑的修复上，它有望后年向公众开放。（See to，equivalent）（汉译英）
【答案】See to it that the fund, equivalent to 20 million yuan, is used to restore that ancient building, which is expected to be open to the public the year after next.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型，时态和定语从句。“务必确保……”用固定句型see to it that...，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that从句，“那笔基金”译为the fund，在that从句中做主语，“相当于”译为“equivalent to...”，“2000万元人民币”译为“20 million yuan”，所以“相当于2000万元人民币”译为“equivalent to 20 million yuan”，作后置定语放在fund后面；“用于”译为be used to do，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，所以用is used to；“那个古建筑的修复上”译为“restore that ancient building”；“它有望后年向公众开放”可写成非限制性定语从句，修饰“古建筑”，用关系代词which来引导，“预计”译为“is expected to”，“向公众开放”译为“be open to the public”，“后年”译为“the year after next”，所以定语从句译为“which is expected to be open to the public the year after next.”，故整句可译为See to it that the fund, equivalent to 20 million yuan, is used to restore that ancient building, which is expected to be open to the public the year after next。
83. 尽管你可能已经受够他了，但是设身处地为他想想，你就会发现，这一切归因于你们俩有不同的价值观。（despite，attribute）（汉译英）
【答案】Despite the fact that you’ve probably had enough of him, put yourself in his shoes and you will find that it all attributes to different values of you two.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句、动词时态、短语和固定句型。观察句子可知，“尽管你可能已经受够他了”为让步状语，用Despite the fact that开头，that引导同位语从句，根据句意，从句部分用现在完成时，主语为you，have had enough of him翻译为：受够他了，可能译为：probably；后面用祈使句表示建议，构成“祈使句+and+主语+will do”结构，表示“设身处地为他想想”用put yourself in his shoes；“发现”用find，后面跟that引导的宾语从句；从句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，it指代“这一切”，第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，“归因于”用attribute to表示，后面跟宾语“你们俩不同的价值观”，译为different values of you two。综上所述，本句译为Despite the fact that you’ve probably had enough of him, put yourself in his shoes and you will find that it all attributes to different values of you two.