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- 小升初语法专题讲练第04讲:名词所有格 试卷 1 次下载
- 小升初语法专题讲练第05讲:冠词 试卷 1 次下载
- 小升初语法专题讲练第06讲:代词(一) 试卷 0 次下载
小升初语法专题讲练第03讲:名词的数
展开小升初英语复习的有效方法和技巧
当小升初英语考试即将来临时,每个小学六年级的学生几乎都要好好地做好准备,并且为小升初英语考试备考,不过我们要如何复习才能够让我们的英语成绩提高呢?这里与大家分享小升初英语复习的有效方法。
1、小升初并没有固定的词汇量,涉及的词类较多,做题时要求看懂的词汇很大。
掌握单词除了要掌握拼读,词义外,还要掌握其用法,如动词要掌握单词各种时态的变化,固定搭配等。
2、分模块复习所学的英语语法知识点,把握英语学习框架。
小升初考试当中,语法为重点考查部分,单纯考查语法的单项选择题分值较大。同时,在完形填空题,主观题当中也会涉及到对语法知识的考查。六年级的英语学习不但要进行系统的语法学习,还应掌握语法题的应试解题技巧。将语法体系按词法、句法、时态语态及综合能力进行系统学习。
3、除了积累单词和学习相应的语法知识点,还要注意应试技巧训练,掌握解题要点。
在六年级的学习中,需要通过对小升初真题及模拟题的专项训练,掌握小升初英语考试解题技巧。
小升初语法第3讲:名词
知识点讲解与考题精练(有答案)
【考点解读】
名词是人类认识事物所使用的基本词汇,是用来表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念的名称的词。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、称呼语等。小升初的考点主要集中在名词的分类判断和名词的修饰成分上面。
【知识讲解】
1. 名词的分类
名词是用来表示人名、地名、事物名称及其抽象概念的词类。
例:rice, sugar
例:work, advice
具体名词
抽象名词
例:book, student
例:colour, message
不可数名词
可数名词
名词
普通名词
具体名词
抽象名词
专有名词 Shanghai, English
2. 名词变复数的规则
如果我们想表示多个人或物就要用这个名词的复数形式。要注意:只有可数名词才有复数形式的变化。
名词变复数的规则变化
例词
(1)
一般情况下在可数名词词尾直接加s
car-cars
(2)
以s, x, sh, ch结尾的可数名词加es
bus-buses,dish-dishes,
fox-foxes,watch-watches
(3)
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾名词,把y变i,加es
story-stories,family-families(家人)
以“元音字母 + y”结尾名词,直接加s
boy-boys, toy-toys
(4)
以f/fe结尾,变f/fe为v,加es
leaf-leaves(树叶)
(5)
以o结尾有生命的名词,加es
potato-potatoes
以o结尾无生命的名词,加s
photo-photos(照片)
❊ 特别提示:
(1) 常见以f/fe结尾的名词有wife(妻子), knife(刀), wolf(狼), thief(小偷), shelf(架子), self(自己), life(寿命), half(一半), leaf(树叶)
记忆口诀:妻子拿刀去追狼,小偷见了着了慌,架子底下自保命,半片树叶遮目光
(2) 常见以o结尾的名词加es的词:Negro(黑人), hero(英雄), potato, tomato, mango。
记忆口诀:
黑人英雄爱吃土豆炖西红柿和芒果
3. 名词变复数的不规则变化
(1) 特殊变化
有一些名词在变成复数时不遵循以上原则。我们把小学阶段遇到的特殊变化的名词整理如下:
构词法
例词
(1)
a变e
man-men, woman-women
(2)
oo变ee
foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese
(3)
词尾+ren/ en
child-children, ox-oxen(公牛)
(4)
单复数相同
Chinese(中国人), Japanese(日本人), police(警察), people(人们), deer(鹿), sheep(羊), fish(鱼)
✭单复数相同的词记忆口诀:中日警察好友来聚会,鹿、羊、鱼、牛齐齐把家回
(2) 表示(某)国人的名词复数
在英语名词复数中,表示(某)国人的名词复数有些加S, 有些又不加,学生常会出错。我们可以借助于顺口溜去记忆,即:“中日瑞不变,英法都要变,其他国人加s”。
Chinese--Chinese中国人
Japanese--Japanese日本人
Swiss--Swiss瑞士人
Englishman--Englishmen英国人
Frenchman--Frenchmen法国人
American--Americans
German--Germans.
(3) 复合名词的复数变化
复合名词变复数的规则
例词
(1)
一般情况下在词尾加s
book shop-book shops
(2)
以“man/woman+名词”时,前后名词都变
man-teacher→men teachers
woman doctor→women doctors
(3)
以“boy/girl + 名词”时,变后面的词
girl student→girl students
(4) 多以复数形式出现的名词
如:clothes衣服, shoes 鞋子,sunglasses 太阳镜,shorts短裤, scissors剪刀, glasses眼镜, shears大剪刀, trousers长裤
(5) 可数名词的数量表达
A. 可数名词可以借助量词来表达,of后面用名词复数,尤其是成双成对的名词复数。如:
a pair of glasses;
three pairs of trousers;
a pair of scissors;
a pair of trousers;
a pair of glasses;
a pair of socks;
a pair of gloves;
a pair of shoes
✭可数名词借助量词来表达时要注意:后面虽然用复数,动词要根据前面的量词来决定。
如:There is a box of apples in the car.
There are four pairs of shoes under the bed.
B. 可数名词可以借助some, any, a lot of, many等词来修饰。
如:some apples, many people, a lot of books等等。
4. 常见的不可数名词以及修饰名词的数量词
(1) 常见的不可数名词如下表
液体类
milk, juice, coffee, water, tea, coke, oil, vinegar(醋), soy, yogurt,wine,petrol(汽油)
blood,flood
食物类
fruit,food,meat, beef, pork, mutton,rice, flour, bread, salt, sugar, butter,cream, jam, sauce, pizza,jelly,jam,ham
自然类
weather,rain, snow,wind,fog,frost(霜),light,fire,sunshine,thunder,lightning,electricity
材料类
silk, wool,cotton,cloth,iron,steel,glass(玻璃),paper,coal,gold,silver,plastic,wood
其他
furniture,money, air, fun, music, news, glue, tape, time(时间),work, homework, housework, information, advice
(2) 不可数名词的数量表达
A. 不可数名词前不能用a/an,在句中相当于单数名词,谓语动词用单数。如:
Water is the source of life. 水是生命的源泉。
B. 不可数名词可以借助于piece, bottle, packet等量词来表示数量。如:
单词
量词短语
意思
paper
a piece of paper
一张纸
cake
a piece of cake
一块蛋糕
bread
a slice of bread
一片面包
water
a cup pf water
一杯水
chocolate
a packet of chocolate
一包巧克力
paper
two pieces of paper
两张纸
C. 有了以上量词的帮助,不可数名词也可以提现具体的数量了。
a piece of paper一张纸 two pieces of paper两张纸
a cup of coffee一杯咖啡 two cups of coffee两杯咖啡
5. 名词的句法作用
名词在句子中可以用作如下成分:
(1) 名词作主语
The boy opened the door. 那个男孩把门打开了。
(2) 名词作宾语
I saw the boy .我看到那个男孩。(boy 作动词saw的宾语)
Give the money to your brother. 把这些钱给你兄弟。(brother 作介词to的宾语)
(3) 名词作表语
He is a clever boy. 他是个聪明的孩子。
(4) 名词宾语补足语
They called him a fool. 他们叫他傻瓜。
He was called a fool.(当含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态的时候,原来的宾语变成了主语,那么原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。)
(5) 名词作定语
Is it a colour film? 是彩色影片吗?
(6) 名词作同位语
This is my friend John.
【考题精练】
一、 朗读下列单词,并按照要求把单词写在相应的横线处。
plane, lake, water, sugar, chair, butter, tea, meat, air, milk, card, cheese, match, news, rice
l 可数名词
l 不可数名词
二、 写出下列名词的复数
tooth--_______
goose--________
table --_______
sheep--________
man driver--______
potato --________
piano--_______
mouse--_______
loaf--________
glass(玻璃杯) --_______
watch--_______
country--_______
三、 单项选择。
( )1.--What are these? --They are __________.
A. deers B. radios C. radioes D. tomatos
( )2.How many __________ are there in these __________?
A. tomatos, photos B. tomatoes, photos
C. tomatoes, photoes D.potatos,photoes
( )3.Mr. Chen has two __________.
A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths D.toothes
( )4.Here are __________ for you, Sue.
A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato
( )5.Then the __________ began to eat the green __________ of young trees.
A. deer, leafs B. deer, leaves C. deer, leaf D. deers, leafs
( )6.I met some __________ in the park and talked with them the other day.
A. Japanese B. American C. Chineses D. English
( )7.-- Excuse me, are you __________? --- Yes, I’m from __________.
A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese
C. England, English D.American, America
( )8.A group of __________are talking with two__________ over there.
A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Frenchmen, Germen
C. Frenchmen, German D. Frenchmanes, Germans
( )9.Yesterday a few __________ came to visit some__________ in Shantou.
A. German, places of interest B. Germans, places of interests
C. Germans, places of interest D. Germen, places of interest。
( )10.Two __________ and five __________ are studying Chinese at Beijing University.
A. German, English B. Germans, English C.
Germans, Englishmen D. Germen, Englishmen
( )11.There are twenty __________ in our hospital.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
( )12.__________ are usually careful in doing exercises.
A.Girl students B. Girls students
C. Girls’ students D.Girl’s students
( )13.The delicious dishes are cooked by __________.
A. women cookers B. women cooks
C .woman cooks D. woman cookers
( )14.Julie went to the __________ to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes store B. shoe’s store C. shoe store D. shoes’ store
( )15.Look at the shoes. They are my __________.
A. sister B. sisters C. sisters’s D. sisters'
( )16.This is __________ room. Come in, please.
A. John and Joan of B. John and Joan’s
C. John’s and Joan’s D. John’s and Joan
( )17.We sell __________ in our shop.
A. woman and child’s clothes B. women and children T-shirts
C. women’s and children’s jackets D. woman’s and child’s coats
( )18.We had a good time during our __________ holiday.
A. two weeks B. two-week C. two-week’s D. two weeks’
( )19.__________ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
( )20.I like that son of __________.
A. John’s sister B. John sister’s C. John’s sister’s D. John’s sisters
( )21.On __________, all the children can play games all day.
A. Children’s Day B. Childrens’ Day
C. The Children’s Day D.children day
( )22.This is not my cap, but my __________.
A. brothers B. brother’s C. brothers’ D. brother
( )23.Tom's car is more beautiful than__________.
A. his brother's and sister B. his brother and sister
C. his brothers and sisters D. his brother's and sister's
( )24.I’ll go and call at __________ right after school.
A. the doctor B. the Smiths C. Smith D.my uncle’s
四、 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.There are two__________ over there. (watch)
2. I like taking __________. (photo)
3. l can see a __________and two __________ standing there. (man, woman)
4. There are two baskets of__________ on the floor. (apple)
5. Look at those__________. (child)
6. He doesn't like these__________. (glass)
7. How many __________can you see? (radio)
8. There are more and more __________ drivers in Shanghai now. (woman)
9. Give me some __________, please. (water)
参 考 答 案
一、可数名词:plane, lake, chair, card, match
不可数名词 water, sugar, butter, tea, meat, air, milk, cheese, news, rice
二、teeth, geese, tables, men drivers, potatoes, pianos, sheep, mice ,loaves, glasses.
三、
1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B
6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C
11.C 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.D
16-20BCBBC 21-24A B D D
四、watches photos man women apples children glasses radios women water
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