初中英语中考语法知识介词分类讲解（共18类）

中考英语介词分类讲解一、表示方位in：在某块更大地域的内部on：两块地接壤, 挨着to：两块地不接壤, 中间隔着【例】上海位于中国的东部.Shanghai is in the east of China.（上海是中国境内的一座城市, 处于中国内部）广东在广西的东南边.Guangdong is on the southeast of Guangxi.（广东与广西挨着, 两块地域相邻）台湾在福建省的东南面.Taiwan is to the southeast of Fujian.（台湾与福建隔海相望, 中间并不接壤, 隔得较远）east东south南west西north北① 以上4个方位词既是名词（n.）,又是副词（adv.）② 两两组合, 就可以组成：东南southeast、东北northeast、西南southwest、西北southnorth另4个方向.【例】向西走用名词：go to the west（west属于特指, 前面必须加定冠词the）所有特指的名词前面都要加the, 比如太阳☀️只有一个, 使用时-the Sun, 同理月亮?-the Moongo是不及物动词（vi）,后面跟名词必须要加介词to（不清楚及物动词/不及物动词的小伙伴, 请跳转??：【笔记】英语语法入门到精通（17）| 动词之：及物动词&不及物动词）用副词：go west（这里副词west修饰动词go）【例】向西走10米.go west/ go to the west ___ 10 meters.根据之前的结构判断原则, 10米属于名词, 前面的结构是完整的, 只不过省略了主语.go west是谓语+adv.,这里可以看成是主谓+adv., 结构完整.go to the west中, go是谓语, 介词to和名词the west共同构成介词短语, 整体也可看成主谓+介词短语, 结构完整.剩下的10meters是名词, 而完整的句子结构后面只能是adv./介词短语, 因此空行里一定是介词.答案：go west/ go to the west for 10 meters. 二、表示上下↑在....上：over、above、on↓在....下：beneath、under、below① 正上-正下：over-underover还有覆盖在某物体上面的意思, 也属于接触面, 但注意和on的区别, on只表示在物体表面, 没有覆盖的意思.② 非正上-非正下：above-below不强调正上方/正下方时, 只要是上/下方都可以用.③ 表面上-表面下：on-beneath【例】你头顶正上方有一幅画.There is a painting over your head.树下面有一只大象?.There is an elephant under the tree.树上有很多苹果.There are many apples on the tree.（苹果是长在树上?的, 属于接触表面）地下有很多文物.There are a lot of antiques beneath the ground.（也可以用underground一个词表示“地下”）飞机?在云层上飞行.The plane flew above the clouds.气球在房子?上方10米处.A balloon is 10 meters above the house.（可以加具体数量词精确描述）请把你的名字写在下面.Please write your name below.三、表示前后前：in （the）front of/before后：in/at（the）back of/behind【例】那辆车在我的后面.The car is in back of me.The car is at back of me.The car is behind me.（更常用这句）我们在这座雕像前拍照吧.Let's take a photo in front of/before the statue.他坐在教室里的前面.He sits in the front of the classroom.他坐在车里的后面.He sits in the back of the car.He sits at the back of the car. 四、表示附近/周围周围：around附近：near旁边：by/beside/next to【例】我手边有一支笔.There is a pen next to/beside my hand.电话在窗户旁边.The telephone is by the window.书在柜子边.The book is beside the cabinet.小狗绕着我跑.The dog ran around me.老师住在我家附近.My teacher lives near my home.五、表示中间两者之间：between在许多东西中间（3个及以上）：among在许多东西的正中间（3个及以上）：in the middle of【例】他坐在我和Tom的中间.He sits between me and Tom.他们在人群中行走.They walked among the crowds.他在那群人中很优秀.He is outstanding among those people.他正站在人群的正中央.He is standing in the middle of the crowd.六、表示穿越/穿过横穿：across（随随便便地穿过去）从物体内部穿过：through（水从水管流过）从物体上方穿过：over（跨栏杆）从物体旁边穿过：pass/by【例】这条小路穿过一片树林.The path goes through a wood.（小路是从树林里穿过）透过这扇窗, 你能看到一座教堂.Through the window, you can see a church.（through还可以表示目光穿过）我能隔墙听到他们交谈.I can hear their talk through the wall.（through还可以表示透过...听到声音）你穿过这道大门, 就看到左面的房子了.Go through this gate, and you'll see the house on your left.（人走过大门, 也是内部穿过）（?注意：这句话由2个简单句组成,中间逗号隔开, 并用and连接）他独自一人穿越了沙漠.He went across the desert alone.（alone这里做副词）飞机飞过了一座城市.The plane flew（fly过去式） over a city.他跳过了篱笆.He jumped over the fence.我经过了你的家.I passed your home.七、instead / instead of表示代替/而是instead-副词（adv.）instead of-介词【例】他没买手机, 而是买了电脑.① He didn't buy a phone instead of buying a laptop.（1句话）instead of是介词, 后面原本要加名词, 但buy是动词, 放在介词后面要变成ing形式（即动词+ing做为名词成分, 属于非谓语动词的一种, 后面会细讲, 记得关注哦~）句子结构分析：He didn't buy a phone.是一套完整的主谓宾,后面可以直接加介词短语/副词, instead of是介词, 后面要加名词, 把动词buy变ing形式, 变成名词.② He didn't buy a phone.He bought a laptop instead.（2个简单句）同理, 前后2句都是完整的主谓宾,instead是副词, 原句意是买电脑替代了原本要买的手机, 所以instead放在第2句里.洗淋浴吧, 别用浴缸了.Take a shower instead of a bath.Don't use the bath.Take a shower instead.八、according to / based onaccording to根据based on以...为基础2个都是介词短语, 在句子里前后都能放.【例】据迈克说, 这是一部很棒的电影.According to Mike, it's a great movie.（放句首要用逗号隔开）根据我的经验, 明天会下雪.It will snow tomorrow according to my experience.（不放句首时不用逗号隔开）本书是根据个人经历写成的.The book is based on personal experience.九、besides / except /except for /apart from表示除了...注意区别：besides如果去掉s,就是beside在...旁边besides-表示除了, 还...., 包括“除了”的那部分, 比如：除了喜欢吃香蕉?, 还喜欢吃苹果.两者仍然都属于“喜欢吃”的范围内.except-仅表示除了...之外, 排除意味更明显.except for-用法同except, 但更强调美中不足的那部分.apart from-besides和except的用法都可以用.【例】除了周末我们每天都工作.We work every day except/apart from weekend.（把周末排除在外）除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？What other sports do you like besides football？（除了喜欢...还喜欢....）除了英语, 我还喜欢数学.I like math besides/apart from English.你英语很好, 除了一些语法错误.Your English is good except for some grammar mistakes.（美中不足）十、ahead of表示在...前面① 不同于03部分的方位介词, ahead of的“前面”更宽泛：方位/时间（提前）/能力（优秀）/名次（领先）...② ahead of前面可以加数量词修饰.【例】有两只猫在我们前面.Two cats are ahead of us.（表示方位,可与??03部分的方位词替换）我在最后期限之前完成了作业.I finished homework ahead of the deadline.我们提前15分钟完成了测验.We finished test 15 minutes（数量/时间） ahead of time.她前程远大.She has a great future ahead of her.（a great表示数量多,程度深）她总是遥遥领先班上的同学.She was always（adv.做状语） ahead of her classmates.十一、as for 表示至于...【例】至于作业, 我明天会完成.As for my homework, I will finish it tomorrow.至于这封信, 我交给他了.As for this letter, I gave it to him.至于其他人, 回家吧.As for the others, go home.十二、of/about/on表示关于...of-比较浅显地提及, 聊到, 顺带提一嘴的感觉about-比of稍深入一点, 日常使用on-比较正式介绍时使用, 偏专业【例】昨天晚上他没有提起他妈妈.He didn't talk about his mother last night.他们谈到即将到来的圣诞节.They talk of the coming Christmas.我没有想（考虑）到成本.I don't think of the cost.我得思考一下这件事.I have to think about this thing.这是一本关于历史的书.This is a book on history.十三、like 表示像...like有2种词性：① 表示喜欢时, like是动词【例】我喜欢香蕉和苹果.I（主） like（谓） banana and apple（宾）.② 表示像...时, like是介词,后面+n./doing（动词的名词形式）/从句.【例】我不喜欢像Tom这样的人.I don't like people like Tom.（第一个like是动词, 第二个是介词）她好像我妈妈.She is like my mother.如果“好像”前面没有主语, 用It's like（that）...., that可加可不加.It's not like...（不像.../跟...不一样）【例】好像她说的是真的.It's like (that) what she said is true.好像是他拿走了我的书.It's like (that) he took my book.你并不爱她.It's not like you love her.和上次不一样.It's not like last time.跟我3年前看到的不一样.It's not like what I saw 3 years ago.十四、as 表示当作...as这里作为介词,表示当作..., 中文意思里和like表示像...相近, 但as的所谓“像”的程度比like更深, 甚至可以理解为"就是...（通常是职业或身份）", 而like仅仅是“相像”.【例】她把我当做朋友一样.She treats me as a friend.（像对待朋友一样对待“我”）你可以把那个玻璃杯当作花瓶用.You can use that glass as a vase.他工作起来像个警察.He works as a police.（几乎就是警察）He works like a police.（只是像, 但并不等于就是警察）十五、in exchange/return/reward for...表示作为....的交换/回报/奖励① in exchange for-作为...的交换【例】我用我的照相机交换他的DVD.I gave him my camera in exchange for his DVD.② in return for-作为...的报答【例】为了报答他的帮助，我给他送了份礼物.I gave him a present in return for his help.③ in reward for-作为...的奖励【例】他因勇敢获得了钱.He received money in reward for his bravery.【英语语法笔记（30）】介词（三）：表示“原因”的介词大汇总十六、表示原因-Because of（because是连词, 加上of变成了介词）-Due to通常放在句首, 引导一个简单句子或复合句中的从句.它们的语气比较中性, 不会带有太多情感色彩.【例】因为下雨, 他迟到了.Because of the rain, he was late.由于天气炎热, 他决定待在家里.Due to the hot weather, he decided to stay home.-As a result of 作为...的结果表示结果或影响, 通常放在句子的开头或结尾, 引导一个简单句子或复合句中的从句.它的语气比较正式, 有时带有一定的客观性.【例】她因受伤而死亡.She died as a result of her injuries.由于雾太大, 所有航班都延误了.As a result of the heavy fog, all flights have been delayed.-On account of-Owing to表示"由于", 语气比较正式、书面化, 常见于正式文体中.【例】由于天气不好,飞机延迟了.The flight was late on account of the bad weather.The flight was late owing to  the bad weather.注意：以上??这些表示原因的词组都属于介词, 后面要加名词/代词/动名词（后2个都相当于名词）十七、thanks to...多亏了...thanks to也有表示原因的意味.【例】多亏了你的帮助, 我才能按时完成项目.Thanks to your help, I was able to finish the project on time.多亏了你, 我们才能出国.Thanks to you, we can go abroad.多亏了你, 现在大家都知道了！Everyone knows about it now, thanks to you! （这句话更贴近咱中文“正话反说”, 或有点儿讽刺意味的那种感觉）十八、for/at/from/of/with/by/out of/through表示原因-for：表示某事发生的原因, 常用于解释某种行为或结果.【例】我对我的错误感到很抱歉.I'm sorry for my mistake.他为迟到道歉.He apologized for being late.-at:表示某个事件A/状态是导致某事B发生的原因.【例】他粗鲁的行为让她生气.She was angry at his rude behavior.Tom的妈妈对Tom的成绩感到很惊讶.Tom's mother was surprised at Tom‘s grades.-from：强调事件发生是源于外部原因-of：强调事件发生是源于内部原因【例】他死于车祸.He died from a car accident.他死于饥饿.He died of starvation.（这里原句可以理解为：他死了, 是因为某个原因, 前半句是个完整句子, 后面加上介词短语表示“原因”）-with：因情绪导致某事或某种状态发生.【例】他激动地大叫.He yelled with excitement.他气得发抖.He shivered with anger.（anger是angry（a.）的名词）-by：通常用by mistake（搞错了）/by chance（偶然）/by accident（意外）【例】他错误地删除了文件.His deleted the file by mistake.警方误抓了他.He has been arrested by mistake.我碰巧在机场遇见她.I met her by chance at the airport.我看见这封信纯属偶然.I saw the letter purely by chance.她碰巧发现了这个问题.She discovered the problem by accident.这不是偶然.It doesn't happen by accident.-out of：表示出于...原因【例】她接受这份工作是出于必要.She took the job out of necessity.他只是出于兴趣做的这份工作.He did this job just out of interest.-through：表示通过...获得结果【例】公司通过创新和辛勤工作取得了成功.The company achieved success through innovation and hard work.病人通过物理治疗恢复了健康.The patient recovered through a physical therapy.