专题06.阅读理解CD篇+阅读七选五最新名校试题汇编-2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期中考点大串讲（外研版2019）

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专题06.阅读理解CD篇+阅读七选五最新名校试题汇编
2021-2022北京市第十五中学
C
School Counseling (咨询)
In our grandparents’ time, it was unthinkable. In our parents’ time, it was unusual and nobody spoke openly about counseling. These days, more and more schools are asking for this service and it is considered a necessity for most. Why is it? What has changed in the last fifty years to have made counseling at schools so important?
“One reason is that we expect schools to do more to protect their pupils than we did in the past,” says school counselor, Mike Hudson. “Also, our society doesn’t work as well as it should. Many parents are either under pressure of work or face the economic problems of unemployment, while children are under more and more pressure to do well at school. Many pupils feel they are pushed to their limits by their parents and teachers.”
Most school children face some kind of relationship problem at some stage with family members, teachers or other pupils, so it helps to have somebody to talk to.
From the pupil’s point of view, it is easier to talk to a counselor in confidence rather than a family member or teacher. This solution is less embarrassing to pupils, who are not forced to face the person that they had problems with in the first place. They can calmly talk things through without arguments.
School counselors advise not only students but also their teachers and parents, and offer other services as well, such as deciding learning disabilities or assisting parents and guardians to make the correct decisions about their children’ s education.
Counselors can help students with problems ranging from the most serious, like a death in the family, to what an adult would consider really trivial, like an argument with a friend.
In a society that is becoming more and more stressful, this service is providing children with a supportive way to express their fear and worries.
23. Why is school counseling becoming important?
A. Pupils are not well protected in school.
B. Parents can’t help their children in learning.
C. Parents and pupils are under too much pressure.
D. The relationship between parents and schools is worse.
24. According to the passage, school counselors________.
A. bear high pressure themselves
B. are the guarantee of school success
C. have more responsibilities than teachers
D. are more likely to be accepted when pupils have problems
25. The underlined word “trivial” in Para. 6 probably means________.
A. unimportant B. puzzling
C. difficult D. urgent
26. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The development of school counseling.
B. The reasons for school counseling’s popularity.
C. The advantages and disadvantages of school counseling.
D. The comparison of the past and present school counseling.
D
The Netherlands on Monday introduced its first-ever intelligent bicycle, fitted with electronic devices to help bring down the high accident rate among elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad country．

Developed for the government by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), the intelligent bicycle, runs on electricity．A commercial-available bicycle is expected to be on the market in the next two years and should sell for between 1, 700 to 3, 200 euros per bicycle．
The devices on the bike are linked through an onboard computer with a vibrating (震动的) warning system fitted in the bicycle's saddle and handlebars to warn cyclists of the coming danger.
The saddle vibrates when other cyclists approach from behind, while, the handlebars do the same when barriers appear ahead．
“Accidents often happen when cyclists look behind them or get a fright when they are passed at high speed,” said Maurice Kwakkernaat, one of TNO's research scientists involved in the project. “The onboard system technology has already been at work in the car industry,” he said.
“More and more elderly people are using a bicycle, not only for short distances, but also for longer distances, ”Dutch Environment and Infrastructure Minister Melanie Schultz van Haegen told AFP. “This type of bicycle is truly needed in the Netherlands because it will help us bring down the number of elderly people who are injured every year and allow them to continue to enjoy cycling, ”she said．
In the Netherlands, bicycles outnumber the population of 17 million by at least one million and there are some 25,000 km of bicycle path in the country. Those statistics are set to grow as more and more people take to two-wheeled transport, leading to an increased risk of injury.
Last year, 184 cyclists died in the country, of which 124, or 67%, were older than 65, according to the Central Statistics Office. The year before, 200 cyclists died, the majority of victims also being elderly.
The current model weighs 25 kilograms but researchers are working on making the onboard systems smaller.
27. The intelligent bicycle is aimed to ________．
A. protect the environment B. help reduce traffic pressure
C. popularize the use of bicycles D. improve safety for elderly cyclists
28. Which part of the intelligent bicycle will vibrate when another cyclist was suddenly found ahead ?
A. The handlebars. B. The wheels.
C. The saddle. D. The onboard computer.
29. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. the elderly ride bicycles wherever they go
B. the accident rate among elderly cyclists is high
C. the number of elderly cyclists is decreasing
D. the elderly are planning to give up cycling
30. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. A Test Bicycle B. Elderly Cyclists
C. A Smart Bicycle D. A Bicycle-mad Country
第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。请将答案涂在机读卡上
Virtual (虚拟) Teams
Virtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time. ___35___This is particularly so for businesses that use virtual teams to build global presence, or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel.
Virtual teams are governed by the same basic principles as traditional teams. ___36___It is the way the team members communicate. They rely on special communication channels enabled by modern technologie, such as emails, faxes, and teleconferences, and alike. Due to more limited communication channels, the success of virtual teams is much more sensitive to the type of project the group works on, what people are selected, and how the team is managed. ___37___One challenging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work. That is to say when each person’s work depends significantly on what someone else is doing at the same moment, like in a sports team, there is an ongoing heavy exchange of information in real time, and the tasks have to go through a strict order within a short time.
Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment. ___38___Another important quality is communication skills. The team members must be able to communicate clearly and positively.
Managers of virtual teams need to pay much more attention to having clear goals, performance standards, and communication rules. People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other.____39____
One of the biggest challenges of virtual teams is building trust between the team members. Trust is important for unblocking communication between members and increasing motivation of each person in the team. The issue of trust needs special attention at any stage of team existence.
A. Yet, there is one significant difference.
B. Not every type of project is suitable for a virtual team.
C. A virtual team can choose whatever project they like to work on.
D. The members must be self-motivated and able to work independently.
E. Such teams are now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs.
F. Members of virtual teams communicate quite well although they never meet face-to-face.
G. To avoid misunderstanding, clear rules that everyone understands and agrees on are necessary.
2021-2022北京市第五中学
C
Runners who encounter visual and auditory(听觉的) distractions may be more likely to suffer leg injuries, according to a research by the Association of Academic Physiatrists in Las Vegas. Runners often seek distractions from the task at hand. Whether it is music, texting, daydreaming, taking in the sights, or propping a book up on the treadmill(跑步机), more often than not a distraction is welcome. But, researchers from the University of Florida have recently discovered that those distractions may lead to injury.
Daniel Herman, MD, PhD, assistant professor at University of Florida, and his team conducted a research on the effect of visual and auditory distractions on 14 runners to determine what effect, if any, these distractions would have on things such as heart rate, how much a runner breathes per minute, how much oxygen is consumed by the body, the speed in which runners apply force to their bodies, and the force the ground applies to the runners’ bodies when they come in contact with it.
The runners were all injury free at the time of the study and ran 31 miles each week. Dr. Herman’s team had each participant run on a treadmill three separate times. The first time was without any distractions. The second time added a visual distraction, during which the runners concentrated on a screen displaying different letters in different colors with the runners having to note when a specific letter-color combination appeared. The third time added an auditory distraction similar to the visual distraction, with the runners having to note when a particular word was spoken by a particular voice.
When compared to running without distractions the participants had faster application of force to their left and right legs, called loading rate, with auditory and visual distractions. They also experienced an increased amount of force from the ground on both legs, called ground reaction force, with auditory distractions. Finally, the runners tended to breathe heavier and have higher heart rates with visual and auditory distractions than without any distractions at all.
“Running in environments with different distractions may unfavorably affect running performance and injury risk,” explains Dr. Herman. “Sometimes these things cannot be avoided, but you may be able to minimize potentially cumulative(累积的) effects. For example, when running a new route in a noisy environment such as during a destination marathon, you may want to skip listening to something which may require more attention—like a new song playlist.”
Dr. Herman’s team will continue to investigate the potential relationship between distracted running and leg injuries, and any effect this relationship has on different training techniques that use auditory or visual cues(暗示).
29. Paragraph 2 tells us the research ______.
A. process B. results
C. questions D. reflection
30. Based on the research, runners with auditory distractions tended to ______.
A. breathe heavier and have lower heart rates
B. get an increased amount of ground reaction force
C. apply more force with less oxygen consumption
D. gain a faster speed with slower loading rates
31. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Running with distractions becomes uncommon nowadays.
B. Listening to a new song while running guarantees performance.
C. Runners are more likely to get injured in an environment without distractions.
D Runners are advised to minimize distractions in a destination marathon.
32. What is probably the next task for Dr. Herman’s team?
A. What determines training techniques.
B. How distractions should be used in training.
C. Why runners use auditory and visual cues.
D. What effective ways can cure leg injuries.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Emotional Eating
Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of satisfying hunger. ____33____ Have you ever finished a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downed cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test? But when done a lot — especially without realizing it — emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being.
____34____ One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they’re stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce.____35____
Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done.____36____ It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on.
We’re all emotional caters to a degree. But for some people emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain or other problems. The trouble with emotional eating is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain.____37____ That’s why it helps to know the difference between physical hunger and emotional hunger.
Next time you reach for a snack, wait and think about which type of hunger is driving it.
A. Believe it or not, we’ve all been there.
B. If a crying boy gets some cookies, he may link cookies with comfort.
C. One study found that people who eat food like pizza become happy afterwards.
D. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you like.
E. Understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it.
F. Boys seem to prefer hot, homemade comfort meals, while girls go for chocolate and ice cream.
G. More often, though, it’s the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort in food.
2021-2022黑龙江省大庆市东风中学
C
The livestreaming and fast delivery industry have attracted so many young people that the industrial sector is short of manpower. “My advice is to encourage more young people to work in the factories and less in the express delivery sector,” Zhang Xinghai, a deputy to the National People’s Congress, China’s top legislature, said during the ongoing NPC annual session.
Zhang wants more young people to work in the factories so that China’s manufacturing (制造业) sector continues to flourish.
Whatever job young people do is a matter of choice but the manufacturing sector is facing a labor crunch (短缺) for too many people prefer jobs in other sectors.
A survey conducted by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in the third quarter of 2021 found that of 100 jobs that were facing a manpower crunch, 58 were in the manufacturing sector. By 2025, the shortage in 10 key manufacturing industries could be as high as 30 million.
It is time some strong measures were taken to attract people back to the factories. This can be done by raising the salaries of factory workers.
According to a survey in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong province, the annual income of express delivery workers in the city is more than 100,000 yuan ($15,831). In contrast, the average monthly salary of those doing blue-collar jobs in Guangdong in 2020 was just 7,108 yuan, or about 84,000 yuan a year. That gap surely needs to be reduced.
Besides, the legal rights and interests of those doing blue-collar jobs need to be better protected. Express delivery workers can decide when they want to work, but factory workers have to work whenever the factory demands.
Therefore, the authorities should protect factory workers’ rights to weekends, 8-hour working schedules and paid leave.
Also, the promotion and salary growth structure of factory workers must be clearly defined. In a nutshell, to lure young people back to the factories, it is necessary to make blue-collar jobs more attractive.
8. What can we infer from Zhang Xinghai’s words?
A. The future of the express delivery sector is hopeless.
B. Working in factories in China are attractive to young people.
C. Most young people are unwilling to work in the manufacturing sector.
D. Working as a delivery man is quite easy for young people.
9. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A. A lot of jobs in China are facing a labor crunch.
B. Employment rate in China will be dramatically increased by 2025.
C. There are 10 manufacturing industries facing manpower shortage in total.
D. The industrial sector is facing a severe labor shortage.
10. Which is NOT the reason for manpower shortage in factories?
A. Flexible working hours. B. Lower incomes.
C. Undefined promotion structure. D. Unprotected legal rights.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards the current situation of manufacturing industry?
A. Indifferent. B. Concerned. C. Unclear. D. Neutral.
D
A team of engineers at Harvard University is trying to create the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components(部件) is off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependences(相互依赖) on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead, he said. So there are a lot on technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
12. What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?
A. It’s automatic. B. It’s quite powerful.
C. It’s controllable. D. It’s very small.
13. We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can.
A. help do farm work B. act as a spy plane
C. fly at a very high speed D. answer many scientific questions
14. What is Wood’s idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?
A. It has wide practical applications.
B. It is highly questionable.
C. It gives scientists interest in flying machines.
D. It points to a new direction in studying biology.
15. What can be the best title for the passage?
A Harvard’s Study in the Field of Insects
B. Robotic Fly—a Copy of Real Life Insect
C. An Interesting Invention—Robotic Fly
D. A Breakthrough in Engineering Science
第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone has failed in something, whether it is a failed relationship, fitness goal, business, or examination. Here are some tips to help you deal with failures in your life.
●Accept your failure
___16___. Even if you work especially hard on something, it's important to accept that it doesn't work. Face the failure, and determine to improve next time.
●Take a break
If you're burned out or need some time to clear your head, take some time off. For some people, this may mean closing a project for some time.___17___. Remember that leaving it for a while is not the same thing as giving up.
●Find out what went wrong
You might feel pain at first, but spend some time thinking why you failed.___18___. When did you start studying and how long did you study? Did you truly learn and memorize the information? Do you need to study or learn in a different way? Answering these questions car help you learn from the experience and do better in your next exam
●___19___
Don't analyze（分析）every little problem that went wrong or everything you "should" have done in the past. Instead, pay attention to what you've learned from these mistakes. With each mistake you make, ask yourself, "What can I learn from this?"
●View failure as part of a process（过程）
Failure doesn't have to be the end. Think of it as the start or middle of a process.___20___. Most successful people have had failures, but they picked up and moved forward.
A. Let it go
B. Learn your lessons
C. Success comes with some luck
D. Things don't always work out as planned
E. See failure as a stepping stone on the way
F. For others it may mean taking a vacation or a road trip
G. For example, if you failed a test, think about how you studied for it
2021-2022黑龙江省大庆铁人中学
C
The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a “lying down” lifestyle, recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.
Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution (内卷),” joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.
“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,” said a scholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage (按揭) today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”
Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale (士气) far beyond their reach.
“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,” a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.”
8. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Warned. B. Criticized.
C. Touched. D. Amused.
9. What might have caused the “lying down” lifestyle among the young?
A. Improvements in living conditions.
B. Growing pressure from family and social life.
C. Increasing material possessions from families.
D. Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.
10. What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the “lying down” group?
A. Understanding. B. Intolerant.
C. Supportive. D. Unclear.
11. What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?
A. They never really drop their responsibilities.
B. They really enjoy the “lying down” lifestyle.
C. They find their dreams far beyond their reach.
D. They would rather escape than take challenges.
D
Humans’ overconsumption of resources is a leading contributor to global climate change, says University of Arizona researcher Sabrina Helm. Therefore, it’s increasingly important to understand the choices consumers make and how those decisions affect the health of a planet with limited resources. In a new study, published in the journal Young Consumers, Helm and her colleagues explore how materialistic values influence pro-environmental behaviors in millennials, who are now the nation’s most influential group of consumers.
The researchers focused on two main categories of pro-environmental behaviors: reduced consumption, which includes actions like repairing instead of replacing older items; and “green buying,” or purchasing products designed to limit environmental impacts. The researchers also looked at how engaging in pro-environmental behaviors affects consumer well-being.
More materialistic participants, the researchers found, were unlikely to engage in reduced consumption. However, materialism did not seem to have an effect on their likelihood of practicing “green buying.” That’s probably because “green buying,” unlike reduced consumption, still offers a way for materialists to fulfill their desire to get new items, Helm said.
Study participants who reported having fewer materialistic values were much more likely to engage in reduced consumption. Consuming less was, in turn, linked to higher personal well-being and lower psychological suffering. Green buying—which may have some positive environmental effects, although to a smaller degree than reduced consumption—was not found to improve consumer well-being, Helm said.
The take-home message for consumers: “The key is to reduce consumption and not just buy green stuff. Having less and buying less can actually make us more satisfied and happier,” Helm said. “If you have a lot of stuff, you have a lot on your mind,” she said. “For example, it requires maintenance and there’s a lot of burdens of ownership, and if you relieve yourself of that burden of ownership, most people report feeling a lot better and freer.”
Helm and her colleagues additionally looked at how materialism affects millennial consumers’ proactive financial behaviors, such as budgeting and saving. Examining financial behaviors alongside pro-environmental behaviors provides a picture of how young adults proactively deal with resource limitations in two contexts: environmental and financial, Helm said.
As expected, Helm and her colleagues found that those who reported having more materialistic values engaged in fewer proactive financial behaviors than their less materialistic counterparts (对应的人). The researchers also found that, consistent with previous studies, proactive financial behaviors were associated with better personal well-being, life satisfaction and financial satisfaction, as well as lower psychological suffering.
Understanding how materialistic values impact consumer behaviors, and how those behaviors in turn affect personal and environmental well-being, is important, Helm said. However, she acknowledges that for many consumers, shifting behaviors to be more financially proactive and consume less will be challenging.
12. What do we know about pro-environmental behaviors?
A. They are a cause of climate change.
B. They lead to a more satisfying life.
C. They vary in different age groups.
D. They are affected by materialism.
13. It can be learned from Helm’s study that ________.
A. ownership of green products brings a sense of happiness
B. materialists prefer practicing green buying to buying less
C. green buying helps control people’s desire to buy new items
D. buying less and green buying have similar effects on people
14. According to the study, which of the following can improve one’s well-being?
A. Replacing older items. B. Developing new resources.
C. Buying greener products. D. Being careful with expenses.
15. What is Helm probably going to explain in the next paragraph?
A. When people develop proactive financial behaviors.
B. Which financial behaviors lead to mental well-being.
C. Why it is hard to change people’s financial behaviors.
D. How materialistic values influence financial behaviors.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
任务型阅读。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项，请把答案写在答题卡上。
Although Kobe Bryant is no longer with us, his unbreakable will on and off the basketball court lives on. In April 2020, it was announced that the late superstar would be chosen into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, a prestigious(声誉高的) honor for basketball’s best. ____16____
“His fierce competitiveness, work ethic and drive were unmatched,” Jeanie Buss, owner of the Los Angles Lakers, told ESPN（Entertainment and Sports Programs Network）. “____17____ And they have now brought him to the Hall of Fame, where he will be remembered with the greatest who have ever played the game. No one deserves it more.”
____18____ Indeed, it was his unmatchable commitment to be the best. He was merciless in his pursuit of dominating his opponents. He called it the “mamba mentality” after the black mamba, one of the world’s deadliest snakes—and also after the top killer from the 2003 movie Kill Bill, according to The New Yorker.
“Mamba mentality is all about focusing on the process and trusting in the hard work,” he wrote in his book The Mamba Mentality: How I Play. “You could say I encouraged people to be their best selves. ____19____ That’s what leads to introspection(内省) and that’s what leads to improvement.”
Though Kobe is gone, ____20____. No one can deny the Kobe’s power to inspire people to be their best selves.
A. What made Kobe superior to his peers?
B. Many people felt shocked and sad when he died.
C. Those qualities helped Kobe lead us to five titles.
D. he will never feel sorry for himself.
E. I liked challenging people.
F. he has left the world valuable spirits of persistence.
G. Alongside Kobe, eight others will be chosen at a ceremony in May 2021.
2021-2022黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学
C
Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.
One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit (明确的) and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.
Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. “A child’s reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.
Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. “If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.
For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.
23. An educational program is best watched by a child _________.
A. on his own B. with other kids
C. with his parents D. with his teachers
24. Which of the following is most related to children’s reading ability?
A. Radio-listening.
B. Television-watching.
C. Parents’ reading list.
D. Parents’ educational background.
25. Anderson believed that _________.
A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he is
B. the younger a child is, the more he watches TV
C. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TV
D. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school
26. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To advise on the educational use of TV.
B. To describe TV’s harmful effects on children.
C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.
D. To present Anderson’s unconventional ideas.
D
While parents, particularly mothers, have always been attached to their infants, societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain. Firstly the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness. Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.
One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year. Another practice that discouraged maternal (母亲的) attachment was tightly wrapping infants. Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking (抚摸) and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers’ and fathers’ affection for their infants.
A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet nursing. Breast-feeding was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times; infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose. In some places, such as nineteenth-century France, city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country. Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first, leaving little for the city infant— who, in many cases, died. In Rouen, the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent.
27. Babies were unnamed until they were two so that ________.
A. an old social custom could be kept up
B. maternal attachment could be maintained
C. they could have better chances to survive
D. their parents would not be too sad if they died
28. Why were babies wrapped?
A. To protect them from the cold.
B. To distance their mothers from them.
C. To make them feel more comfortable.
D. To make it easy for their mothers to hold them.
29. Wet nurses were women who ________.
A. babysat city infants B. fed babies of other families
C. sent their babies to the country D. failed to look after their babies
30. Which is the best title for the passage?
A Differences between parents at different times.
B. Societal Conditions in Premodern Times.
C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate.
D. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables.
____31____ Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time.
Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle. ____32____ Ideal(理想的) study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner.
Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. ____33____
You’ll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After you’ve set up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing.
____34____ Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair.
____35____ This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable.
A. Pick a place where your children can study properly.
B. Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves.
C. Finally, spend time with your kids when they’re studying.
D. Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement, too.
E. Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed.
F. Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward.
G. One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to.
2021-2022辽宁省辽西联合校
C
The major drivers of climate change are collective enterprises such as power grids (电力公司), industry, large-scale agriculture and transportation systems. About half of all greenhouse gas emissions comes from electricity generation and industrial fossil-fuel use. Substantial (大量的) emissions reductions in these settings most likely will not come from personal actions; they will come from laws and policies such as carbon-pricing systems, revised building codes and supports for green investment. But one effective act is to consume less meat.
Cutting meat consumption is a powerful and personal thing most Americans can do to tackle (解决)the climate crisis, and they can do it immediately. About 40 percent of greenhouse gases come from agriculture, deforestation and other land-use changes. Meat-particularly beef-drives climate change in two ways: first, through cows’ emission of methane(甲烷), a strong greenhouse gas, and second, by destroying forests as they are changed into grass land.Despite the economic slowdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), atmospheric greenhouse gas levels continued to rise in 2020, in large part because of an emissions increase in the Amazon as rain forests were changed into land for cattle to satisfy the global demand for beef. By eating less beef, we can start to decrease that demand.
You do not have to become a vegan (素食主义者) to do this. According to one recent study, if every person in the U.S. cut their meat consumption by 25 percent, it would reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by 1 percent. That might not sound like a lot, but it would help protect the rain forest, so the positive effects-including reduced water and fertilizer use, improved biodiversity and safeguarded rights of local peoples-would be amplified (放大).
Perhaps, social action is kind of infectious (有感染力的) in a good way. If lots of us begin to eat less meat and if we talk about it constructively, we will likely influence others. Pretty soon the 1 percent reduction becomes 2 percent or more. Reduced demand for meat could motivate my local supermarket to carry better produce, making it easier for me and my neighbours to prepare a few more satisfying meat-free meals. Ultimately changes in demand will influence industry. Forty years ago few mainstream supermarkets carried organic (有机的) products; now nearly all do. Consumer demand did that.
Above all, cutting back on red meat also has the added benefit of being good for your health.
8. What may substantially reduce greenhouse gas emission?
A. Encouraging personal efforts. B. Making favourable laws and policies.
C. Reducing various power plants. D. Investing large transportation systems.
9. What caused greenhouse gas level still to rise in 2020?
A. The effects of COVID-19 pandemic. B. The slow pace of economy.
C. The destruction of forests for cattle. D. The quick development of agriculture.
10. “Organic products” was mentioned in paragraph 4 to ______.
A. remind people to buy organic food B. prove one’s action can influence others
C. call on supermarkets to sell organic products D. show demand has impact on production
11. Which can be a proper title for the text?
A. Less Beef, Much Healthier B. To Eat Less Meat for Climate
C. Small Personal Actions Have a Big Impact D. Cattle Are Partly Responsible for Climate Crisis
D
We’re shopping online more than ever now, including various personal care and food items. Of U.S. Internet users, one-third do it at least once a week. Seeing your limited toilet paper (TP), you might pull up your smartphone and after a few taps have a fresh order of TP set to arrive in a day, maybe even less, and all done right from the toilet seat.
But this type of shopping — numerous small, quick-to-ship orders placed through e-tailing companies like Amazon — might be the worst for the environment, according to a recent study in Environmental Science & Technology. With their current business model of free shipping and fast delivery, greenhouse gas emissions linked with transporting “fast consumer goods” are high. “The online-only retailers are growing rapidly,” says lead author Sadegh, a scientist at Radboud University in the Netherlands.
Previous analyses haven’t agreed on whether online or in-store shopping is better. In fact, some studies have found that online shopping has a lower impact, because it saves the emissions associated with driving your car to the store (95 percent of Americans drive to go shopping). But this benefit can vary, or even disappear, depending on how fast we want that TP to arrive. And if you’re shopping in real life, factors like how you transport those items, how far you travel, and how much you buy at once all affect the carbon footprint of your purchase. “There have been some contradicting results, with some saying online shopping is better and some saying traditional shopping is better,” says Sadegh. So he tried to settle the debate with an approach that showed how likely one option was to be better than the other.
Sadegh and his team compared three shopping styles: traditional in-store shopping, online ordering from a physical store (which they called “bricks and clicks”), and ordering through an online-only retailer. Nearly two-thirds of the time, bricks and clicks shopping resulted in fewer emissions per item than in-store shopping — and was better than online shopping 97 percent of the time. In-store shopping had fewer emissions than online — only 81percent of the time.
12. Why was “ordering TP on the smartphone” mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. To state convenience of TV shopping.
B. To show importance of smartphones.
C. To encourage people to purchase TP online.
D. To stress people’s frequency of online shopping.
13. How does online shopping harm the environment?
A. It requires more energy to produce these products.
B. Its current business model generates more greenhouse gas.
C. It causes people not to care much about the environment.
D. Its packaging of goods produces numerous harmful waste.
14. Which way of shopping is more environmentally friendly?
A. Traditional in-store shopping.
B. Online ordering from a physical store.
C. Ordering through an online-only store.
D. Driving to shop in huge supermarkets.
15. How does Sadegh come to his conclusion?
A. By analyzing causes. B. By listing theories.
C. By making comparison. D. By giving examples.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
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How to Change Bad Habits
Bad habits are harmful. Whether your bad habit is a minor one or something more serious such as smoking, it takes conscious effort and smart planning to break the cycle. ____16____
Write down details of your habit. Keep a notebook around to keep a record of your habit. For at least a week, anytime you perform the bad habit, write down a description of what you were doing and how you were feeling. ____17____ Consider these possible factors: Does the bad habit happen more often when you are stressed or nervous? Does it happen more often (or less often) at certain places?
Get rid of temptation. Try to avoid objects, places, and people that make you want to fall into your bad habit. It’s much easier to remove the stimulus than to stop the habit with pure force of concentration. ____18____ If that doesn’t work, turn off the cell phone and put it in a different room when you’re at home.
____19____ This prevents you from picking up the bad habit unconsciously. When properly applied, this can be very effective. People who drink too much alcohols can imagine in their mind about the unpleasant symptoms of being drunk. For habits that aren’t easy to make unpleasant, put a rubber band around your wrist and snap it against the skin each time you catch yourself giving in to the habit.
Replace a bad habit with a good one. A good habit can be a source of pleasure, making the old one easier to break. Many people find a daily exercise routine or jog becomes similarly satisfying once they’ve turned it into a habit. Some bad habits can be broken if you can focus on improving the good habit. ____20____
A. Call in the help of friends and family.
B Add something unpleasant to the habit.
C. This helps you to think about the habit consciously.
D. Don’t hesitate to seek professional tips if you can’t break it on your own.
E. If you’re trying to avoid checking your cell phone all the time, shut down the phone or put it in airplane mode.
F. If you find yourself in a situation where it’s easy to return to the habit, repeat “don’t do it, don’t do it” to yourself in your head.
G. For instance, to avoid unhealthy food, challenge yourself to cook a healthy dinner a certain number of times per week.
2021-2022辽宁省实验中学
C
Perhaps you have seen them, those who fall asleep on the subway and then, somehow, wake up exactly at their stop. Perhaps you are one of them. How is this possible? We spoke to two doctors, who offered their insights about it.
It is possible that your body gets used to waking up at a certain point each time during your commute, said Dr. Marc I. Leavey, a primary-care specialist in Maryland. That holds especially true if you commute at the same time every day. This suggests that if you were to get on at a different time, or if the journey were delayed, your internal clock might not wake you up at your stop. It is an interesting theory, but Dr. Ronald Chervin, director of Michigan Medicine’s Sleep Disorders Centers, does not fully buy it. He is skeptical that circadian rhythms can also explain why you wake up after a brief nap.
You are also likely to wake up for your particular stop because of an oral cue, such as the conductor stating the name of the subway stop over the public-address system. Such cues alert your brain that you have arrived, explained Dr Leavey. According to a study published in the Public Library of Science, during sleep, our brain reacts differently when we hear our own name and other people’s names, noted Dr Chervin. This suggests that your brain does not turn off during sleep, which makes it possible to pick up on the announcement of your stop.
Another reasonable possibility: You may wake up at each stop, check if it is yours, and go back to sleep, all without having remembered it, added Dr. Chervin. He sees this in cases where patients are suffering from sleep apnea. They may wake up as many as 200 times during a single night, without having remembered a single instance. That’s because they fall right back asleep before their brain has time to process their experience into long-term memory. Similarly, you could be waking up every time you hear a new stop called. But you just don’t remember such instances even after you fully come awake for your stop—leading you to believe that you have slept the whole way through and miraculously woken up at the right time.
8. According to Dr Leavey, which of the following might wake you up at your stop?
A. Sense of time. B. Sleep apnea. C. Internal clock. D. Oral communication.
9. What does the underlined expression “doesn’t fully buy it” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. He can’t agree more. B. He can’t catch it well.
C. He doesn’t like it at all. D. He doesn’t totally believe it.
10. How will our brain react when we hear our name called during sleep?
A. Actively. B. Passively. C. Differently. D. Casually.
11. How does Dr. Chervin explain his findings in the last paragraph?
A. By introducing a concept. B. By making a comparison.
C. By using an expert’s words. D. By referring to another study.
D
These days, it’s not unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars action figures, office workers wearing Hello Kitty accessories, or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks. It’s becoming more and more common to see adult taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children. This phenomenon has given rise to a new word: kidult.
What lies behind the phenomenon? One is about adults’ nostalgia (怀旧之情)for the carefree days of childhood, and this is especially true with today’s fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Another is about a societal change in recent decades where people are starting families later. As a result, they have more time and money to spend on themselves. Some adults could only window-shop for their dream toys when they were kids, but now they can afford that radio controlled car or high-priced doll they have always wanted.
Businesses have been quick to exploit the kidult trend, and the number of toy stores that target adults has risen. Companies are repackaging products from past decades and also bringing out new ones for adults. Lego, for example, has brought out an architectural series featuring landmarks from around the world.
Society traditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside childhood interests, viewing the refusal as a sign of social immaturity and irresponsibility. Those who agree with this view sometimes claim that kidults are suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan Syndrome, an anomaly (异常)that people remain emotionally at the level of teenagers. On a grander scale, these kidult opponents argue that such delayed adulthood causes couples to marry later and have fewer children. This in turn can lead to shrinking national economies，for there needs to be a generational replenishment(补充)of the workforce.
From the standpoint of kidults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having youthful interests keeps them young, happy and creative, and their refusal to conform to society’s acceptable tastes shows independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part of the social trend of delayed adulthood is not purely a personal choice. The real causes include expensive housing, increased educational requirements for employment and poor ork opportunities.
Whether the kidult phenomenon will continue to grow or prove to be a passing trend is anyone’s guess. As the debate about it continues, remember that there is nothing wrong with being young at heart.
12. What does the kidult phenomenon refer to?
A. Adults act like children. B. Adults have child-like tastes.
C. Adults go in for collecting toys. D. Adults like playing with children.
13. Which of the following might cause the emergence of kidults?
A. Different living conditions. B. More choices about toys.
C. High pressure of modern life. D. Good memories of childhood.
14. How does the text deal with the debate about kidults?
A. By strongly opposing kidult opponents. B. By convincing readers to accept kidults.
C. By refusing to take a stand on the issue. D. By presenting both sides of the argument.
15. What can we infer about the author’s attitude towards the phenomenon from the last paragraph?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
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The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. ____16____ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work?
The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. ____17____ As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. ___18___
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. ____19____ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
___20___ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
2021-2022辽宁省县级重点高中协作体
C
Craving for food is a normal part of life. Some people eat what they want and do not worry about it. Others cannot control their desires. Cravings can come from the senses. They can come from the smell of fresh bread when we walk by a bakery. They can come from stress that drives us to eat fast food.
What is the solution? Scientists say cravings are normal. They are coming up with new ideas. “Mindfulness” is one idea. Experts say, “You do not have to make cravings go away. But you also do not have to eat because of them. It is accepting them rather than pushing them away.”
Dieting is not the answer. Dieters are more likely to notice food. They have a harder time removing their attention from food. They crave more food. A doctor said, “Our cravings rise and fall, like waves in an ocean. Trying to fight that wave will never work. Accept that it is there and surf with it.”
Focus on how food tastes, and then replace the problem food with higher-quality food. For example, replace candy with blueberries. A study showed that people who used acceptance and mindfulness kept their weight off.
A doctor told the story of a patient who ate a bag of potato chips when she watched a TV show. The doctor advised her to pay attention to every single chip she ate. How many chips did it take her to feel satisfied? A few weeks later, the woman said she had reduced her chip habit. Now she satisfied her craving after the second potato chip.
8. Which of the following will inspire a craving for food?
A A moving film. B. The pressure of work.
C. A desire to control something. D. The lack of knowledge of food.
9. What solution do experts suggest to deal with such cravings?
A. Fighting with them. B. Making them disappear.
C. Having meals immediately. D. Taking them.
10. Why is the story of a patient mentioned?
A. To prove the result of the study. B. To show the importance of habits.
C. To add more opinions on cravings. D. To suggest a way of losing weight.
11. In which section of a newspaper may the text appear?
A. Medicine. B. Climate. C. Health. D. Economy.
D
Experts used to say a free market is the best way to run an economy. And for years, workers enjoyed the benefits of technology. Technology added jobs and higher income for workers. But another word for technology is automation. And now, some experts see technology as a threat to workers. It is said robots would create a larger economy that would benefit all. Now, experts see a growing gap in income. Less-educated workers are falling further behind.
There are other threats. The economy is now a global enterprise. Off-shoring production has caused workers to lose their jobs as factories in the richer countries closed. The jobs go to low-wage countries.
But technology is the bigger threat. Artificial intelligence is the way machines will replace human workers. AI, as it is known, has the goal of thinking and performing like a human. There are times when AI does things people cannot do as well. There are other times when AI replaces workers.
It is not people with college degrees who face the most loss. It is the workers who have less education. Over time, the gap between the “haves” and the “have-nots” is growing. That is what worries economists.
For big business, the future is clear. Invest in technology. Machines are cheaper than people. There are heavy taxes on wages for workers and employers. However, companies often receive tax incentives to buy machines. They also do not get sick, take vacations or retire on pensions(退休金).
Experts are not sure about what to do. They agree that education and better job training are one direction to go. What kind of incentives will change some of the approaches to work? Experts say employers should find ways to use AI to help workers, not replace them. There currently is no clear path to future prosperity for less-educated workers.
12. What may experts agree with?
A. Technology does more harm than good to workers.
B. Economic growth has no connection with technology.
C. A controlled market is the best way to run an economy.
D. Technology causes more threats to less educated workers.
13. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. AI’s perfect skills. B. The great threat to AI.
C. Human workers’ intelligence. D. The reason why AI is a threat to workers.
14. What does the underlined word “incentives” mean in paragraph 5?
A. Rewards. B. Prices. C. Charges. D. Wages.
15. What can be the best title for the text?
A. AI concerns experts B. AI is replacing workers
C. AI is developing fast D. AI benefits all workers
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Microplastics are found almost everywhere, in food, drinking water, cosmetics, household products. ___16___ . However, there are steps we can take to minimize our microplastic intake.
Avoiding reheating takeaway food in plastic boxes. Any time plastic containers are heated, chemical changes in the material mean it can make microparticles go into your food. If you can’t avoid the takeaway boxes, try not to reheat food in them when having leftovers (吃剩的|食物). ___17___ .
Using a glass water bottle instead of a plastic one. Canadian research from 2019 found that bottled water contains 22 times more microplastics than tap water, meaning someone who exclusively drinks bottled water would imbibe 130,000 more particles a year, compared to 4,000 from tap water. ___18___ . They also suggest filling it with water that has gone through a filter (过滤器), which can help to remove the microplastics in tap water.
___19___ . Bring a reusable metal or glass cup for takeaways or consider drinking your coffee in a cafe. It is both environmentally friendly and good for health.
Stopping chewing on the end of pens. ___20___ . Put away or stop purchasing baby chewing toys or dummies (橡皮奶嘴) which are particularly harmful because they go in the mouth. Similarly, adults should stop chewing on the end of pens.
A. Instead, place them in a plate
B. Using metal or glass coffee cups
C. Avoiding using plastic film on hot food
D. Experts recommend using a glass bottle when you’re on the go
E. It’s almost impossible to get rid of plastic from our modern lives
F. Experts suggest looking at other sources of plastic in children’s lives
G. Whatever you eat, never put it in a plastic container considering health
2021-2022辽宁省重点高中沈阳市郊联体
C
Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. The traffic light system works just like this: Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive (DS) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics (抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant (DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.
In testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method. However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. Moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.
It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. Treatment doesn’t have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity. What’s more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on what’s happening with the infection, if there’s an infection at all. The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or PDT.
We’ve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science — like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. Then there’s the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.
The more work that a bandage can do while it’s protecting a wound, the better. Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we've got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.
8. What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do?
A. Avoid the use of antibiotics. B. Clear out harmful bacteria.
C. Detect bacterial infections. D. Increase treatment options.
9. What is the advantage of the smart bandage?
A. It saves much time and cost. B. It removes the risk of infection.
C. It prevents the bacterial resistance. D. It improves doctor-patient relationship.
10. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Traditional bandages are out of use now.
B. More smart bandages will be developed.
C. Progress in science calls for more research.
D. People are urged to study medical science.
11. What does the text focus on?
A. A successful test on mice. B. A colour-changing bandage.
C. Sensing drug-resistant bacteria. D. Preventing abuse of antibiotics.
D
More attention is being paid to the air issue in London, especially with a continuing investigation into the death of Ella Kissi-Debrah, a 9-year-old girl who lived just meters from one of the capital’s busiest roads. Ella died in February 2013 having suffered from many asthmatic attacks (哮喘发作) and had been taken to hospital for nearly 30 times in the three years prior to her death. She may become the first person in the UK for whom air pollution is listed as the cause of death.
Today low emission (排放) has helped reduce dangerous poisonous air in parts of the United Kingdom capital by 94 percent, according to an annual report from Transport for London (TFL). The transport authority said they had established the defined areas where access by some polluting vehicles is restricted or forbidden in Central London in February, which contributed mostly to the change.
The TFL report showed traffic on roads fell by half during lockdown. Figures showed a big increase in the number of people walking and cycling in London, with journeys made on foot or by bicycle up from 29 percent between January and March 2020 to 46 percent between March and June 2020.
TFL will spend at least 75 million pounds on walking and cycling programs across the capital over the next six months. About 88.5 kilometers of new or upgraded cycle lanes have been built or are under construction.
“This new data shows just how important walking and cycling have been in helping Londoners stay healthy and safe, ” TFL Streetspace delivery manager Helen Cansick said. “That’s why it’s crucial that we continue to invest to support walking and cycling, ensuring that the capital can become a healthier and more sustainable place for everyone.”
12. What does Ella Kissi-Debrah’s death indicate?
A. Air pollution is a big cause of death
B. Children often suffer from asthma.
C. Big cities are polluted more seriously.
D. Air pollution and its effect are severe.
13. What mainly contributed to the reduced poisonous air in parts of London?
A. Policy on lockdown. B. Change in transport.
C. Low-emission zones. D. Reduction in economy.
14. What does the TFL report show?
A. Short-distance journeys are more popular.
B. The traffic on roads increases a lot.
C. Walking and cycling are Londoners’ first choice.
D. More Londoners choose to walk and ride.
15. What’s the best title of this text?
A. London’s air is now cleaner.
B. Traffic restrictions take effects.
C. Walking and cycling help stay healthy.
D. Air issue in London is gaining attention.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
While you may be avoiding your gym during the pandemic （疫情）due to health concerns, that doesn't mean you can't break a sweat while staying home. ____16____ Here are a few tips to help you master at-home workouts and stay healthy.
Establish a routine
____17____ However, it's easy to get distracted when working out at home. Schedule a block of time for your daily workout, and find a space in your home for exercise. Try to avoid distractions during your workout as best you can. ____18____ Stick with your workout schedule several days per week to establish a consistent routine.
Work on new skills
If you're used to working out in a gym and using their wide variety of equipment, it can be annoying to have limited resources at home. ____19____ For example, if you typically lift weights in the gym, focus on balance exercises and flexibility at home.
Take virtual classes
If you typically attend fitness classes or are looking for structured workouts to follow at home, keep in mind that many local gyms and studios are offering virtual classes. This is a great opportunity to support local business owners. ____20____
A. This is especially true when you have no other choice.
B. Following a workout video or app can help keep you focused.
C. Ask your previous instructors to see if they offer virtual options.
D. You'd better forget about the equipment and atmosphere in the gym.
E. Going to a gym or a fitness class naturally creates a structured routine.
F. But it's also a good chance to work on new skills and modes of exercise.
G. If you're new to working out at home, it's challenging to find the motivation.
2021-2022沈阳市东北育才学校
C
A year after I left college, I was given the opportunity to host the 6 o'clock news in Baltimore. The whole goal in the media at the time I was coming up was try to move to larger markets, so getting the job at 22 was such a big deal. And I was so proud，because I was finally going to have my chance to be like Barbara Walters, who had been my idol since the start of my TV career. I was 22 in 1976, making $22,000 a year, it didn’t feel right yet.
The first sign was when they tried to change my name. The news director said to me at the time, “Nobody’s going to remember Oprah. So, we want to change your name. We’ve come up with a name we think that people will remember and people will like. It’s a friendly name: Suzie.”
I grew up not loving the name, but once I was asked to change it, I thought, well, it is my name and do I look like a Suzie to you? I thought, no, it doesn’t feel right. I’m not going to change my name. And whether people remember it or not, that’s OK.
And then they said they didn’t like the way I looked, so they sent me to a salon where they gave me a perm (烫发). After a few days all my hair fell out and I had to shave my head. At last, they really didn’t like the way I looked, because I was black and bald and sitting on TV wasn’t a pretty picture.
But even worse than being bald, I really hated being sent to report on other people’s tragedies as a part of my daily duty. And after eight months, I lost that job. They said I was too emotional. But since they didn’t want to pay out the contract, they put me on a talk show. And the moment I sat down on that show, the moment I felt like I’d come home. I realized that TV could be more than just a playground, but a platform for helping other people lift their lives. And the moment I sat down, doing that talk show, it felt like breathing. And that’s where everything that followed for me began.
8 What can we infer from paragraph1?
A. The writer’s aim after graduation was to leave Baltimore.
B. Barbara Walters was a host the writer admired most.
C. The writer didn’t feel right because she thought she could earn more.
D. The writer was proud because she could work with Barbara Walters
9. What caused the author to dislike her first job?
A. Reporting tragedies every day.
B. Not being good at reporting on other people’s tragedies.
C. The boss’s wanting to put her on another talk show.
D. Being black and bald and sitting on TV.
10. Which can best describe Oprah?
A. Careful and considerate. B. Understanding and optimistic.
C. Persuasive and emotional. D. Determined and sympathetic.
11. What can we learn from the writer’s story?
A. Pride goes before a fall. B. Opportunity knocks only once.
C. Practice makes perfect. D. Let your heart talk more.
D
With rounds of pioneering space flights that could set the stage for future space tourism, it is worth looking at what might be involved for the human exploration of Mars, though it's likely decades away. Technological challenges aside, as we continue to expand our exploration of Mars, there is a question: What might be the lessons of past voyages of discovery that we should think about?
Human exploration has led to many extraordinary new discoveries, but it has also led to the exploitation of resources. Not long after early European settlers arrived at America, they declared their independence and created the constitution by which modern American society functions. However, this did not prevent the settlers from referring to native people as savages and taking away their rights to liberty, happiness, and even survival. Native Americans were quickly killed by wars and new diseases as the new settlers expanded their land. The natural environment, with which they had established a harmonious relationship, was similarly destroyed by the settlement.
Mars certainly has an impossible environment for human life, but on Mars, humans will be the invasive species. Will our landing on mars break the ecosystem on Mars? It is possible that Mars has ideal minerals for future development. But apart from technology challenges, will the mining have a disastrous environment impact on this red neighbour as it has already had on Earth?
The achievements of space exploration are certainly to be applauded. The contributions of the related researches on chemistry, medicine and many others are potentially limitless. However, as we look to exploring worlds beyond our own, we need to begin now to look at history to consider how best to engage with different life forms, cultures and environments. We may be capable of writing a law, but we first need to clear our potential invasive impact on another planet that may be completely defenseless.
12 What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Modern American society. B. The creation of constitution.
C. The settlement of Europeans. D. The exploitation of resources.
13. What's the author’s concern about the exploration of Mars?
A. Humans cannot survive on Mars.
B. Humans may bring new diseases to Mars.
C. The exploration may destroy Mars' ecosystem.
D. Technology challenges will make mining on Mars hard.
14. What's the author’s suggestion for future space exploring?
A. Making relevant laws properly. B. Conducting more scientific researches.
C. Predicting its impacts on other planets. D. Learning from past exploration experiences.
15. Which column is this text most probably taken from?
A. Opinion. B. History. C. Technology. D. Environment.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it?”____16____ Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning.____17____
Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question.____18____ A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the water, but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud booms in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster.
Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroy it.____19____ On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. One company has come up with an alternative material made of com husk waste and some big companies are starting to use it.
____20____ Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking.
A. In nature, everything gets recycled.
B. To mimic (模仿) nature, we must be familiar with it.
C. It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it.
D. Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies (群).
E. This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant.
F. It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too.
G. His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises.
2021-2022天津市部分学校
C
Animals might not be able to speak or master advanced language techniques, but they certainly have other ways of communicating. Whale song, wolf howls, frog cries — even the fast dance of the honeybee or the friendly waves of a dog’s tail — are among so many ways animals pass on information to each other and to other living things of the animal kingdom.
When it comes to hearing communication, not every member of a species is just alike. Animals in different places have often been sounding off in different dialects. For example, one study shows that blue whales produce different types of sounds depending on where they are from. Some bird species are the same way. And what about those birds that live on the border between territories (领地) of different songbirds? They are often able to communicate in a way accepted by each of their groups of neighbors.
Communication between different species can play important roles as well. One study shows that iguanas (鬣蜥蜴) do not communicate by making sound, but their well-developed ears help them hear well the warning calls of the flycatcher (a type of small bird). The two species have nothing in common except for the fact that they share a general habitat and enemies. So when an iguana hears a bird make a signal of danger for other birds, it probably knows to be watchful for arriving enemies, too.
However, as noise pollution has become a serious problem all across the globe, many animals are now under fire. Increased shipping traffic over the last century has greatly affected the spread of whale song around the ocean basin. Studies have found that songbirds, too, suffer from noisy city surroundings. Some species have had to change their singing styles, producing songs that sound louder, in order to be heard above the noise. Their new voices usually lead to stranger and somewhat worse styles of singing that female birds find decidedly less sexy.
46. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 2?
A. Various dialects can also happen to the same animals.
B. Animals communicate with each other in different ways.
C. Different animals have different ways of communicating.
D. Animals from different places may make the same sound.
47. What can we learn about iguanas?
A. They communicate by singing. B. They are born with poor hearing.
C. They often bring bad luck to humans. D. They get along well with flycatchers.
48. By saying “many animals are now under fire”, the author means ________.
A. they refuse to communicate with others B. they cannot communicate effectively
C. they are now in danger of dying out D. they don’t make a sound any more
49. Due to noise pollution, songbirds ________.
A. find it hard to attract the opposite sex B. produce more songs that sound sad
C. begin to communicate by dancing D. can not find food easily any more
50. The author develops the passage mainly ________.
A. by raising questions B. by following time order
C. by providing examples D. by analyzing the data
2021-2022天津市河东区
C
When I volunteered to spend a summer on a land-based whale-watching project in the West of Scotland, the project secretary warned me, “You have to be able to detect the whales from the shore—it’s not as easy as you think.” Although I assumed I was well-qualified for the job, at the start of the project I had a few embarrassing moments screaming “Whale!” before realizing that what I was pointing out were only waves breaking over underwater rocks, not sea creatures at all! After a while, I trained my eyes to “see”—to distinguish between waves hitting rocks and the rolling movement of whales underwater.
I spent a lot of time just watching the sea through my binoculars (双筒望远镜), looking actively for anything that indicated sea life below. My binoculars enabled me to spot the fins (鳍) of a dolphin against the darkness of the sea, and without a good pair of binoculars I definitely would have missed out on lots of amazing sea life.
In addition, I eventually realized that the birds provide us with signals that whales and dolphins may be in the area. Where there is a group of feeding seabirds such as seagulls or gannets, there is often a whale feeding under them. Gannets are really easy to spot from a distance—they drop out of the sky at speeds of up to 100 kph, spearing the surface and sending bursts of water up behind them.
If you want to try this activity, it is worth organizing and planning carefully for whale-watching. I recommend having a notebook and pencil nearby to record details of what you’ve seen and the environmental conditions at the time. This is not only a helpful aid in general, but you can also contribute your sightings to research projects such as the Sea Watch Foundation, which are monitoring the distribution of whales and dolphins.
Despite the early disappointments I had, I think there is undoubtedly something very special about watching whales. Nothing can compare with the secret thrill and the peacefulness of seeing a wild animal just doing its own thing.
42. What did the author learn from the embarrassing moments?
A. It was hard to carry out the project. B. The project secretary was very strict.
C. Most whales were not afraid of humans. D. Whale-watching was not as easy as expected.
43. An effective technique for finding whales is .
A. noticing bursts of water B. observing them from a distance
C. watching feeding seabirds D. organizing and planning carefully
44. The author advised whale watchers to .
A. record whale-watching details B. be careful when watching whales
C. watch whales from the shore only D. seek help from the Sea Watch Foundation
45. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Pleasant summer memories B. The thrill of watching whales
C. Useful whale-watching advice D. A fantastic world under the water