人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle单元测试随堂练习题

选择性必修Book 3 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle（B卷·能力提升练）

                （时间：90分钟  满分：120分）

第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节　(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

No one has ever seen a teenage elephant hesitantly sit down at the family dinner table with earphones on and occasionally give one-word answers to questions. However, it turns out that adolescent elephants (elephants which are no longer children but not yet adults) exhibit other behaviors that parents of human teens might recognize.

“They’re innocent. They have a lot to learn and they make mistakes,” Cynthia Moss, an elephant expert in Kenya said.

This is particularly true for male elephants. They learn that if they ruin crops, they get beaten up and then die. “It’s just like young human males who drive too fast,” Moss said.

Barbara Natterson, a Harvard biologist pointed out that adolescent animals frequently put themselves in danger intentionally. This behavior is seen throughout the animal world. The adults of any species may consider some actions of their young low-judgment and high-risk; however, these actions actually serve a purpose.

An example is a practice called “predator (捕食者) inspection” which means adolescent animals approach predators rather than run away. The trade-off for the danger is that they can watch, smell and learn about the predator. They gather all kinds of information that can keep them safer as adults.

The idea that adolescents are hard-wired to take these risks can help people understand human teens’ behavior.

“Teens seem driven to try new things and test boundaries in their own version of ‘predator inspection’,” Natterson said. “They try to have as many experiences as they can before they leave the nest.”

Another key aspect of adolescence is an increase in time spent wandering in groups. Adolescence is marked by high levels of peer pressure as well as near-disaster. Scientists have found that adolescents of all kinds are more likely to make dangerous moves while with peers.

Laurence Steinberg, a psychology professor at Temple University, found similarities between mice and human group adolescent behavior. He set up two experiments. One involved mice, half of which were adolescents, drinking ethanol-.spiked (添加乙醇的) water. The other involved human teens playing a video game that reproduced driving conditions.

“We found that in the presence of peers, adolescent mice drank more than they do when they’re alone,” Steinberg said, “and that the teenagers in the driving study also took more risks when others were around.”

These findings fit with what Steinberg says is another multi-species adolescent quality: the desire to socialize.

“For the most part, adolescents, human and animal alike, prefer to be with other adolescents,” Steinberg said. “If I say teenagers are social animals, I think the word ‘animal’ is just as important in that sentence as the word ‘social’.”

While doing their study, both Natterson and Steinberg were raising a human teen in their homes. Their desire to understand animals was driven by wanting to understand their own children. They hope their findings will help people who are raising adolescents.

1. According to Natterson, what is a risky but valuable action for adolescent animals?

A. Watching enemies’ behavior up close.

B. Observing an adult hunting a large animal.

C. Challenging predators with other adolescents.

D. Gathering information with the help of parents.

2. Steinberg’s experiments found ______.

A. adolescent animals are less likely to get drunk while with peers

B. teenagers are not willing to be sociable in the presence of peers

C. both adolescent animals and human teens are affected by peer pressure

D peer pressure is more common in adolescent animals than in human teens

3. What does the underlined sentence mean?

A. Adolescent animals long to socialize with teenagers.

B. Socializing with peers is one quality that adolescents share.

C. “Social” is a word that can be interpreted in different ways.

D. The importance of socializing has been realized by teenagers.

B

Urban planners may soon have a new way to measure traffic jams. By putting in the different routes by which vehicles can travel between locations, researchers have developed a new computer algorithm (运算法则) that helps quantify regions of jams in urban areas and suggests ways around them.

The study, published in the Journal of Physics: Complexity, used traffic speeds from taxis in New York City to demonstrate how road infrastructure (基础设施) and driver behavior can create complex road networks that differ among cities.

The team approached the issue by designing a computer algorithm to capture the topology-or relationship between the different routes between locations-of road networks. “We found that the most significant traffic bottlenecks in Manhattan seem to arise as a result of the city’s structural layout,” said study co-author Daniel Carmody. “For example, the fact that a bridge enters Manhattan at a range where traffic is already limited due to Central Park slows traffic in the area considerably.”

The researchers performed a comparative analysis using traffic patterns in Chengdu, China, to test if the algorithm works equally well in areas with different layouts. Manhattan has a long and thin structure, while Chengdu is round. There are significant differences in the way traffic moves between these two different setups, the researchers said.

“The bottlenecks in Chengdu seem to arise due to the function of the buildings in a particular area” Carmody said. “For example, it is hard to travel in and out of the central business district in Chengdu because of the large amount of traffic alone. Beltways, or faster streets around busy areas, have emerged in circles around this area, which is not surprising because this feature was intentionally built into the city.”

In Manhattan, the bridges and underpasses that form the entry and exit points cause traffic slowdowns. However, in lower Manhattan, where drivers seem to obey the lower posted speed limits, traffic moves more smoothly, forming a new traffic beltway with the southern end of Central Park acting as a block between lower and central Manhattan.

“It surprised us that there is an emergent beltway in such a busy area of Manhattan,” Carmody said. “This indicates that, unlike in Chengdu, beltways seem to arise from driver behavior even when they aren’t part of the structural plan of a traffic network.”

“The researchers have imagined that this technology could give urban planners a means to quantify traffic patterns, leading to better traffic,” Carmody said. “As methods of transportation develop, new problems will emerge, and we hope that our tools will give planners new ways to measure what is going on with city traffic.”

4. According to the new study, what contributes to traffic jams in Manhattan?

A. The number of bottlenecks and beltways.

B. The location of bridges and underpasses.

C. Road facilities and driver behavior.

D. Road signs and urban population.

5. Researchers also studied Chengdu in order to         .

A. compare the layouts of the two cities

B. find better infrastructure for one city

C. design traffic patterns with the algorithm

D. assess the effectiveness of the algorithm

6. Why do vehicles move faster in lower Manhattan?

A. Because of lower posted speed limits.

B. Because drivers follow the traffic rules.

C. Because it is planned in the traffic network.

D. Because a beltway has emerged around the area.

7. Who is the target of this new computer algorithm?

A. City planners.

B. Slower drivers.

C. Infrastructure developers.

D. Road sign designers.

C

“Have you checked the oil in the car?” my father used to say to me, his version of “Hello, hope you are well.” Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil and end with an inquiry about the oil, with not a lot in between.

Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it’s often supplied through the medium of practical advice. The affectionate phrase “You made my life better from the moment you were born” may be rarely heard, but there is the more common “I’ll hold the ladder while you get the leaves off the roof.”

Why can’t we fathers just say “I love you” or “It’s great to see you” ? The point is: That’ s exactly what we are saying. You just have to translate from the language that is Fatherlish. Listen closely enough and the phrase “I love you” can be heard in the lengthier “I could come around Saturday and replace the silicon seal around the base of your toilet because I reckon that thing is getting really smelly.”

When I was 17, I went on my first road trip. My father stood on the corner in the predawn of a cold morning to bid us farewell. “Highways are dangerous,” he said, “so don’t try overtaking anything faster than a horse and buggy. And take a break every two hours. And every time you stop for gas, you really should check the oil.” At the time we thought his speech was funny and would chant “horse-and-buggy” every time I floored the accelerator.

Dad’s long gone now. But after all these years, I realize that had I owned a copy of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I’d have understood that the speech my friend and I so casually mocked was simply Dad’s attempt at affection.

8. According to the passage, how do fathers usually show their affection?

A. By inquiring their kids’ car.B. By doing rather than saying.

C. By offering helpful advice.D. By accompanying their kids.

9. Why does the author mention his first road trip?

A. To exemplify the unique parental concern.

B. To provide some background knowledge.

C. To explain the reasons for my mocking.

D. To present my father’s funny speech.

10. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. My father has gone somewhere faraway.

B. I regretted making fun of my father’s speech.

C I owned a copy of Fatherlish-to-English dictionary.

D. My father’s speech got across to me when I was 17.

11. Which words can best describe the author’s father?

A. Caring and considerate.B. Devoted and generous.

C. Talkative and humorous.D. Knowledgeable and diligent.

D

The first thing we notice about new people are their faces. The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.

Normal babies are born with a natural ability to recognize faces. In fact, their face recognition abilities are much better than their parents. Babies are highly skilled at face recognition at six months. But by nine months, they lose this skill, By nine months, a baby’s face-recognition skills are about the same as an adult’s.

Unfortunately, some people are not born with this ability to recognize faces. The part of the brain that is responsible for face recognition doesn’t work for them. This condition is called face blindness. People with very severe face blindness cannot even recognize their own faces. In fact, people with this condition can sometimes be frightened when they look in the mirror. They don’t recognize their own face, so for a second they are startled when they see this unfamiliar face.

Face blindness is not always severe. Scientists believe up to 10 percent of the population may be affected by face blindness to some degree, yet many people with mild face blindness might not even know they have it. They have no reason to know they are different from anyone else until someone points it out. This is similar to people with color blindness.

Colorblind people can’t see the difference between certain colors such as red and green, until someone tells them that green and red are two different colors.

There is no cure for face blindness. So for the time being. people with face blindness need to find simple techniques to compensate for their problem. They can try to recognize people by their hairstyle, their voice, or their glasses. Hopefully, in the future as scientists learn more about this condition, they will find a cure.

12. The first paragraph is mainly about ____________.

A. the way to improve one’s face-recognition skills

B. the fact that some people have face-recognition problems

C. the simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces

D. the importance of face recognition in human communication

13. When do people have the keen skills of face-recognition?

A. At birth. B. In adolescence.

C. Half a year old. D. Nine months old.

14. The bold word “startled” in the 3rd paragraph is closes in meaning to _______________.

A. confused B. surprised

C. excited D. depressed

15. What does the author think of the problem of face blindness?

A. People need to take it seriously. B. It affects a great number of people.

C. It can be cured in the near future. D. Certain techniques can make up for it.

第二节　(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

 Can't Resist Junk Food? Study Suggests You Try This Simple Trick

You're tired and hungry. Then you catch a whiff of something delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. It is fried chicken!____16____A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.

Let's take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose's attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it? What will happen if you're standing in line after a couple of minutes?____17____ And recent science says that this is actually the right moment to walk away.

The results of a series of experiments, including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to junk food smell (e. g,cookie smell) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell (e.g.strawberry smell).____18____That is why long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually having it in your mouth, which in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk food.

____19____When the exposure to smell of healthy food were examined, food choices were not profoundly influenced. The reason for this is that healthy food are not connected with reward in our brain and therefore have little influence on what we desire.

So next time you're feeling you don't have the will power to resist that French fries it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two. ____20____

A. But wait a minute before you order.

B. It's a response that has been researched.

C. Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.

D. It isn't quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.

E. However, it's not the same case with smell of healthy food.

F. It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.

G. The brain doesn't necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.

第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节　(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

The little country schoolhouse was heated by a coal stove. An eight-year-old boy named Glenn had the job of using kerosene to start the fire and warm the room before his teacher and his classmates arrived. One cold morning someone ___21___ filled the kerosene container with gasoline, and disaster ___22___. The class and teacher arrived to find the schoolhouse burned in flames. ___23___ on realizing that Glenn was inside, they rushed in and managed to drag the ___24___ boy out of the flaming building. He had major burns over the lower half of his body and was taken to a nearby hospital.

From his bed the dreadfully burned, semi-conscious boy heard the doctor talking to his mother. Her son would surely die. ___25___ the boy didn't want to die. He would ___26___. Somehow, to the ___27___ of the physician, he did survive. Unfortunately, Glenn had no motor ___28___. One sunny day his mother wheeled him out into the yard to get fresh air. Instead of sitting there, he threw himself ___29___ the chair. Glenn ___30___ himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He worked his way to the white fence. With great ___31___, he raised himself up on the fence. He started to do this every day ___32___ he wore a smooth path all around the yard beside the fence. There was ___33___ he wanted more than to develop life in those legs.

Glenn's iron persistence and determination ___34___. He did develop the ability first to stand up, then to walk with help, then to walk by himself and then to run. He eventually received the ___35___ "Kansas Flyer".

21. A. deliberately B. secretly     C. mistakenly     D. cautiously

22. A. struck B. stuck       C. beat           D. attracted

23. A. Thrilled        B. Terrified     C. Regretful       D. Puzzled

24. A. speechless      B. unconscious  C. blind            D. deaf

25. A. And B. Or         C. But            D. So

26. A. survive B. resist       C. escape          D. recover

27. A. happiness B. relief       C. amazement       D. confusion

28. A. desire B. talent       C. will            D. ability

29. A. into B. from        C. over            D. upon

30. A. helped B. managed     C. pushed          D. pulled

31. A. effort          B. encouragement C. Courage         D. help

32. A. because B. if           C. until            D. as

33. A. something B. anything     C. everything       D. nothing

34. A. paid for B. paid off      C. paid back        D. paid up

35. A. award B. reward       C. nickname        D. record

第二节　(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year

Chinese New Year is a ___36___(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___37___ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth ___38___ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:

Oranges: Orange trees are more ___39___decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times ___40___ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ___41___(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated ___42___ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___43___ (care) for and make great presents.

Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___44___(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are _____45_____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.

第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节　(满分15分)

假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Anna要参加汉字书写大赛，来信向你求助，请给她回信。

内容包括：

1.积极应对；

2.书写建议(握笔姿势，写字风格等)；

3.美好祝愿。

注意:1.词数80左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

第二节　(满分25分)

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Be yourself and always follow your heart. Never let anyone change who you are. This is the lesson I have learned from my childhood experience when I figured out I wasn't invited to the party, Bridget's party.

One morning, I got off the bus and saw my friends except me hugging under the tree where we used to stand. The circle seemed tighter as I approached; the white invitation cards being hastily stuffed into backpacks gave it away. I knew as well as the entire universe that Bridget’s party was this weekend. Bridget was the most popular girl in our class. She was thin and beautiful, always wearing fabulous clothes and fine makeup.

Why hadn't she invited me? My feet were too big? No, Maybe. My face was broken out? Why did she invite every person in my group except me? I tried to think of any interactions I'd had with Bridget recently. A few days earlier, we'd been partners during a sixth period project. I was determined to get the project done and she was absorbed in looking at fashion magazines. She barely spoke to me except to say, “You're so serious. You know, you should smile more.”

Soon, I had overheard all the details about the party. They were going swimming. It was a sleepover. They were renting scary movies and were going to stay up all night. Each time someone mentioned the party, I smiled weakly and nodded, with my stomach in knots.

When having my favorite English class, I found myself just unable to concentrate on the short stories we were supposed to be reading in class. Maybe she didn't invite me because of my coat. It is pretty ugly compared to some of the other girls' coats. I should have bought another color. Maybe I should smile more but I just can't get into smiling at people unless I know them really well. But I just couldn't pretend to be the person I wasn't. I felt sick.

注意:

1.续写词数应为150左右;

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

At lunch, my friend Kate who had been invited came over to me, trying to show off,     

I was about to let it go when Bridget invited me as a substitute for a girl who couldn't come.