高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course单元测试课后复习题

选择性必修Book3 Unit4 Adversity And Courage（B卷·能力提升练）

（时间：90分钟；满分：120分）

第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节　(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Claritin® Chewables Cool Mint Flavor

Powerful 24-hour. non-drowsy allergy relief plus an immediate blast of cooling sensation you can feel.

DIRECTIONS

• convenient chewable form •no water needed

Adults and children 12 years and over: chew 1 tablet daily; not more than 1 tablet in 24 hours

Children under 12: ask a doctor

Consumers with liver or kidney disease: ask a doctor

Robintussin ®12 Hour Tablets

Temporarily relieve cough due to minor throat pain, the intensity of coughing and the impulse to cough.

DIRECTIONS

• do not crush, chew or break tablets • take with a full glass of water

Adults and children 12 years and older: I tablet every 12 hours; not more than 2tablets in 24 hours

Children under 12: ask a doctor

Tylenol ®Cold Max Daytime Caplets

Temporarily relieve common cold/flu symptoms.

DIRECTIONS

• swallow whole-do not crush, chew or dissolve

Adults and children 12 years and over: take 2 caplets every 4 hours; do not take more than 10 caplets in 24 hours

Children under 12: ask a doctor

Motrin ®IB Ibuprofen Caplets

Relieve tough pain and reduce fever

DIRECTIONS

Adults and children 12 years and older: take I caplet every 4 to 6 hours while symptoms persist; if pain or  

fever does not respond to I caplet, 2 caplets may be used; do not exceed 6 caplets in 24 hours, unless directed by a doctor

Children under 12: ask a doctor

1. If a person suffers from a cough, which medicine can he or she take?

A. Claritin ®Chewables Cool Mint Flavor.

B. Robintussin® Hour Tablets.

C. Tylenol ®Cold Max Daytime Caplets.

D. Motrin® IB Ihuprofen Caplet

2. How should a patient of 15 take Tylenol ®Cold Max Daytime Caplets?

A. Take 1 caplet every time. B. Chew it before swallowing.

C. Take 2 caplets every fourth hour. D. Take 12 caplets in one day.

3. What do the four medicines have in common?

A. They can all treat colds.

B. They can’t be taken with other medicines.

C. They should be taken with water.

D. They need doctors’ advice for patients under 12.

B

For the past three decades, Richard Sears, 71, has been focused on one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.

His interest in Chinese language and characters goes back to 1972, when he was a 22-year-oldphysics major at Portland State University in Oregon. “I realized only 7 percent of the world speak English as a mother tongue. So, I wanted to know what it was like to speak another language.” By1990, Sears was already pretty fluent in Chinese, but he did not know how to read. To Sears, the characters were complex with many strokes and almost no apparent logic.

“I’m a physicist, so I don’t like blind memorization in learning languages. I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs (象形文字) and I wanted to know the stories behind the Chinese characters.” As he studied, Sears realized quickly that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. In order to pick out the good ones, he decided to computerize the characters. He scanned about 96,000 ancient characters.

The database of ancient characters came into being, but he wanted to explain the step-by-step evolvement of these characters from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms. He finally got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology (词源), where visitors can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms. Between 2002 and 2011, the website would get 11,000 or 15,000 hits a day. Suddenly, in January 2011, clicks to the website went up to600,000 in one day. Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname given by Chinese netizens, after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media.

In addition to the website, in September last year, Sears set up his studio, focusing on applying AR, animation and artificial intelligence to telling stories of Chinese culture and character origins, in Nanjing as part of the local authority’s plan to cultivate talent in the culture sector. “They have both entertainment value for young Chinese and educational value and can teach the origins of Chinese characters,” he says. “We also want to make videos with a high educational value for other platforms both for Chinese and foreign learners of Chinese characters.”

4. What do we know about Richard Sears?

A. He learned Chinese to improve his physics.

B. He has made an exploration into Chinese characters.

C. He was fluent in reading Chinese from the beginning.

D. He was concerned about the spread of his mother tongue.

5. What does the underlined word “ones” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Explanations. B. Characters. C. Pictographs. D. Languages.

6. What can be inferred about Sears’ website?

A. It has made a big profit from netizens visiting it.

B. It gained popularity shortly after being established.

C. It focuses on the simplification of Chinese characters.

D. It brings the evolvement of Chinese characters to the public.

7. Which of the following can best describe Richard Sears?

A. Enthusiastic and devoted. B. Wise but careless.

C. Ambitious and humorous. D. Generous but stubborn.

C

Topher White spends a lot of time walking in the forest and thinking about how quickly we’re losing it. He is making an effort to stop global deforestation (滥伐). Founder of the San Francisco— based Nonprofit Rainforest Connection, White has developed a simple but ingenious strategy: using old cell phones to listen for the sound of destruction.

Forests are disappearing worldwide and fast, which not only harms wildlife, including many species that live nowhere else, but also contributes to climate change. “I didn’t know any of this stuff when I started,” says White, who began his journey in 2011, when he traveled to Indonesian Borneo to help decreasing gibbons (长臂猿).

Between 50 and 90 percent of the logging (采伐) that happens in the world’s rain forests is illegal, according to White, yet detecting that activity can be tough. So he has developed a system in which he uses a cell phone staying charged by solar cells and an extra microphone. From there, the device can detect the sounds of chainsaws (电锯) nearly a mile away.

Because it’s unfeasible to have people listening to the devices all the time, he added some “old-school data analysis,” so that the cell phone’s computers can distinguish a chainsaw’s sound from others in the forest. This way, his device can automatically detect logging activity and send a text alert to authorities who can determine if it’s illegal and then stop it.

So far, his monitoring system has been used in Cameroon, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil and will soon be deployed in Bolivia. It’s not just about listening for logging. Also, it can pick out the sounds of specific birds, which is why White sees the forest recordings as a potential science tool. He is urging biologists and ecologists to use his monitoring system anywhere, whether it’s a remote forest or a park in London. “The more we learn about these places,” he says, “the easier it will be to protect them.”

8. What made Topher White decide to stop global deforestation?

A. The problem of global climate change.

B. The association of Nonprofit Rainforest Connection.

C. The experience of travelling to Indonesian Borneo in 2011.

D. The desire to find new uses for old cell phones.

9. What does the underlined word “unfeasible” in paragraph 4 mean?

A. Impractical. B. Unwilling. C. Impassive. D. Unnecessary.

10. In Topher White’s opinion, we can protect nature more easily through ______.

A. updating advanced technology B. our better understanding of it

C. developing strong teamwork spirit D. growing environmental awareness

11. What could be the best title for the text?

A. A Creative Way Is Used to Protect Wildlife

B. Measures Should Be Taken to Preserve Nature

C. Forests Are Disappearing Worldwide

D. Your Old Cell Phones Can Help Save the Rain Forest

D

Professor Veena Sahajwalla, 2022 Australian of the year, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. These little trash processors (处理器)—some as small as 500 square feet— house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with thermal technology. The new all-in -one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust.

In 2018 she launched the first microfactory, establishing a model of recycling that enables businesses and communities to develop commercial opportunities while addressing local waste problems. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented Microfactory technology. “The small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants. The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission journeys between recycling processors and manufacturing plants. With a microfactory, gone are the days of needing separate facilities to collect and store materials, extract (提取) elements and produce new products,” says Sahajwalla.

Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products-like melting down plastic to make more plastic things. Sahajwalla’s invention advances this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. “The kids don’t look like the parents,” she says. Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R,” adding “re -form” to the common phrase “reduce, reuse, recycle”.

Professor Veena Sahajwalla’s programs help to develop innovation and promote cooperation with industry, ensuring that sustainable materials and processes become commercially practical solutions for dealing with waste.

12. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To introduce a new type of trash processor.

B. To introduce the process of recycling waste.

C. To prove the seriousness of the trash problem.

D. To show the current situation of trash recycling.

13. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A. The founding of waste microfactories.

B. The influences of waste microfactories.

C. The advantages of waste microfactories.

D. The shocking scale of waste microfactories.

14. What does “re-form” in Paragraph 3 refer to according to Sahajwalla?

A. Extracting materials from the waste.

B. Generating new materials with waste.

C. Updating the whole recycling process.

D. Transforming waste into similar products.

15. Where is the text probably taken from?

A. A fiction novel. B. A business report.

C. A science magazine. D. A chemical textbook.

第二节　(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

  Thinking about the past week, did any of you forget where you put your phone? Did you have a word stuck on the tip of your tongue? You couldn’t remember the name of the movie a friend recommended? What is going on here? Is your memory failing?

It’s not.     16    Despite memory’s extraordinary, necessary and common presence in our lives, it is far from perfect. Our brains are not designed to remember people’s names, to remember to do something later or to catalogue everything we experience.     17     Even in the smartest heads, memory is likely to be wrong. So what determines what we remember and what we forget?

    18    Your memory is not a video camera recording a constant stream of every sight and sound you're exposed to. You can only remember what you are concerned about. Accordingly, one major reason for forgetting what someone said or where you parked your car is lack of attention.

The other has something to do with stimulus(刺激物). For example, the tip of the tongue is one of the most common experiences of memory failure.     19    _Why does this happen? The tip of the tongue can occur when there’s only partial or weak activation(激活)of the nerve cells that connect to the word you’re looking for.

So when you walk into a room and suddenly don’t know why you’re there, you’re not going crazy or getting Alzheimer’s disease, and your memory isn’t terrible. Go back to the room you were in before you landed in this one and imagine the clues that were there.      20    

A. One necessary factor is attention.

B. It’s doing exactly what it's supposed to do.

C. These imperfections are simply the factory settings.

D. Our brains tend to remember what is meaningful and forget what isn’t.

E. You’re trying to come up with a word, but you cannot find it in your memory.

F. It will instantly deliver what you were completely confused about a moment ago.

G. Memory is amazing and is essential for the functioning of almost everything we do.

第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节　(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

Outside the back of the supermarket was an elderly lady, holding a basket of flowers in the cold. “Would you like some flowers? They are $3?” she asked me as I was walking past and I    21    responded, “No, thank you.” I walked away and went inside.

Searching for what I needed, I thought of that lady, standing in the cold.    22    the beautiful flowers I had admired, her gentle voice and kindness, I wondered about her unknown    23    of standing there.

I    24    my own personal struggles, I had to budget for everything and I    25    even $3 was a lot for me at that time, and probably for her too.    26   , it wasn't my first thought when she had asked me about buying her flowers. My first thought was that I didn’t have the    27    but not as an excuse.

When I went to the    28    to pay with my card, I asked for $3 cash out first. The staff member    29    me about the $3. Feeling    30   , I tried to remember the money I had in my account when she pressed the button to process it. It was such a  relief  to see it all had been accepted by the machine and the staff member    31    me $3. I walked out to the lady. “Hi, sorry. Unfortunately, I didn’t have the cash on me then. Yes, I would like to buy some of your flowers,” I said. I gave her $3 as she handed me the flowers. I was    32    that she then randomly asked me if I wanted    33   . I guessed she was embarrassed and said, “No. They are worth the money. Thank you.”

As I walked away, I was second guessing I could have offered her more. But when I turned back to her, she

  34    and thanked me again.

I’m thankful for this valuable    35    we’re all going through our own problems but kindness is free and no matter what little we can do for others, it will always be appreciated!

21. A. seriously B. politely C. confidently D. impatiently

22. A. Ignoring B. Buying C. Picturing D. Discovering

23. A. story B. secret C. effect D. purpose

24. A. benefited from B. gave up C. put down D. went through

25. A. appreciated B. hoped C. pretended D. agreed

26. A. Instead B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise

27. A. right B. courage C. chance D. cash

28. A. receptionist B. register C. bank clerk D. cash machine

29. A. informed B. questioned C. reminded D. warned

30. A. anxious B. happy C. proud D. desperate

31. A. fined B. charged C. lent D. handed

32. A. ashamed B. surprised C. excited D. worried

33. A. truth B. help C. change D. permission

34. A. wandered B. admitted C. whispered D. declined

35. A. lesson B. principle C. adventure D. challenge

第二节　(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

On July 19, 2013, a girl who was coming to 10 signed up on Weibo with the nickname “frog princess Gu Ailing,” and she has posted some pictures of her different skiing     36     (compete). The nickname came from Gu’s first helmet when she started skiing,     37     was green and had a crown and a pink hair pin on it, according to media reports.

Gu first went into public view on June 6, 2019, when she     38     (announce) on Weibo that she would represent Team China in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. In the same month, Gu changed her     39     (register) nationality from the US to China on the official website of the International Snow Federation (FIS). Due to the sensitivity about     40     (switch) nationality and lack of attention on winter sports, Gu did not attract much enthusiasm in the first place.

Over the next two years, she won 12 gold     41     (medal) for China. More and more people become familiar     42     Gu, a girl who loves to eat dumplings and Peking roast duck,     43    (particular) when they found out that Gu’s Putonghua with a Beijing accent is t4more standard than their own.   And no one in China doubted     44    (she) from a patriotic standpoint. Some have noticed that there’s     45     “Chinese dragon” on Gu’s sportswear to win the gold medal.

第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节　(满分15分)

假定你是李华，校学生会主席。学生会计划举办“中国传统美食节”的活动，请你给外教Mary写封邮件，邀请她参加。内容包括：

1. 时间和地点；

2. 活动：学习制作、共同品尝美食等。

注意：

1. 词数80左右。

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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第二节　(满分25分)

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

After a very meaningful conversation with my dad about the old days, we came up with an object that we both remembered clearly. It was my very first bicycle. My mind told me I got it when I was seven, who was cheated to ride it for fifty yards alone the first time I tried!

My dad put together all the small pieces of the bicycle from a beautiful material that he called, “Your own car.” Of course I knew he had some magical ability, but I didn’t think he could make such an awesome object. He added the seat and the pedals (踏板) so that I would not have any problems. My dad recalled the bicycle was the smallest he could find while I remember how huge it was. I was so afraid of it and there was no way that I was going to control that monster-sized material. The bicycle was left in my backyard as a decoration for a month because I refused to ride it. Honestly, I was scared to try it.

After a month, my dad gave me a lecture to teach me what being a man was all about. I was finally determined to try it. My dad was proud of me and I felt very manly. He and I went to the park to see what we could do there.

The park was empty when we arrived. I had no doubt that my dad told everybody not to be there because we had to use it. I felt sorry for other people, but I was proud to have such an omnipotent (全能的) person as my dad.

We found a smooth and open space. My dad was holding the back part of the seat to make sure I didn’t fell. He promised me that I was not going to fall because he would be running right behind, holding the bicycle.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I turned around and found my dad was not behind.

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I started to pedal and the bicycle moved.

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