高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues单元测试课堂检测

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必修Book 3 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
B卷·综合能力提升练
(时间：90分钟　满分：120分)
第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022春·河南洛阳·高三校联考阶段练习）On July 27, 2022, ahead of the PLA’s 95th birthday, Chinese president Xi presented the August 1 Medal to three military service members who have made outstanding contributions. Let’s meet three of them.
Qian Qihu
Qian Qihu, 85, a scientist at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, has made major contributions to building a series of defense facilities located deep inside mountains. Qian described his work as the“Underground Steel Great Wall” that can guarantee the security of China. Even though Qian has retired, he hasn’t stopped working. He actively advises on the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. “ Though I’m a over 80, I feel that I still have a lot of things to do, ” he said.
Nie Haisheng
In 2021, Nie Haisheng worked as commander of the Shenzhou XII mission, becoming the first member to live and work in China’s Tiangong space station for three months. He won the title of “hero astronaut” after Shenzhou VI mission. With 1, 480 hours of flight time, he became a first- grade pilot and joined the country’s first team of astronauts in 1998. He spent countless hours training hard to prepare to fly to space. He got a doctoral degree in 2021. “You’re never too old to learn, ” the 57-year-old said.
Du Fuguo
On Oct 11, 2018, demining soldier Du Fuguo and his teammates were doing a mine clearance in Yunnan. Suddenly, a grenade(手榴弹) exploded. Du managed to protect his teammates, but he lost his hands and eyes forever. Du was an excellent demining soldier, who volunteered to join the China-Vietnam border mine clearance mission in 2015. He was so talented that he had mastered more than 10 different ways to remove bombs within three months.
1．Which of the following words can best describe Nie according to the passage?
A．Hardworking and strong-willed. B．Professional and creative.
C．Loyal and modest. D．Considerate and outgoing.
2．What can we know about Du Fuguo?
A．Du is a soldier who removed grenades only.
B．Du lost his hands and eyes forever in Vietnam.
C．Du joined the China-Vietnam border mine clearance mission four years ago.
D．Du mastered many ways to remove bombs in a short time.
3．What do the three men have in common?
A．They are all soldiers of the PLA Air Force.
B．They all successfully saved their partners.
C．They all make outstanding contributions in their area.
D．They are all studying for their doctor’s degree.
【答案】1．A    2．D    3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了“八一勋章”的三位获得者。
1．细节理解题。根据Nie Haisheng 部分中“He spent countless hours training hard to prepare to fly to space. (他花了无数小时刻苦训练，准备飞向太空。)”可知，他是工作勤劳的；同时根据该部分中“He got a doctoral degree in 2021. “You’re never too old to learn, ” the 57-year-old said.(他于2021年获得博士学位。“活到老，学到老，”57岁的他说。)”可知，不论年龄多大，他坚持学习，可以体现出他是意志坚定的。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Du Fuguo 部分中“He was so talented that he had mastered more than 10 different ways to remove bombs within three months.(他才华横溢，在三个月内就掌握了10多种不同的拆除炸弹的方法。)”可知，他才华横溢，在很短的时间内就掌握了10多种拆除炸弹的方法。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“the August 1 Medal to three military service members who have made outstanding contributions. (八·一勋章授予三名做出突出贡献的军人。)”可知，文中这三位“八一勋章”获得者的共同点是，他们都是在各自领域做出突出贡献的军人。故选C。

B
（河北省部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Norma Newcombe has been a nurse for nearly 60 years. She started her career at a hospital for babies in August 1958, but she has no plans to retire.
She has worked with Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust for 40 years. She has been a full-time school nurse since 1973. Apart from taking an eight-year break from her career to have her two children in 1965, the dedicated nurse has spent nearly 60 years working in her role.
Modest Norma describes herself as a school nurse who just does her job. She said, “I’m proud to be where I am and I’m very passionate about the local area and everything related to the school nursing. We have brilliant team leaders and I work with a brilliant team of school nurses and health visitors. I’m just happy with what I am and where I am.”
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Norma had to work from home due to having a weakened immune system (免疫系统). Norma said that she liked people rather than machines. She thought she could still write quicker than she could type. Obviously, things have to progress, but there is not the same personal contact. Despite hitting the milestone, Norma has no plans to slow down.
Norma’s colleagues surprised her with a party at her workplace, where she was gifted flowers and jewellery. Rabina Tindale, chief nurse in the hospital, said, “We are extremely proud to have Norma as part of our team and access to her significant experience and wisdom. She holds a very special place in the hearts of the children and families that she has helped over the years. We hope she has an amazing day to celebrate her birthday with her colleagues.”
4．How long has Norma been a full-time school nurse till 2022?
A．65 years. B．60 years. C．49 years. D．41 years.
5．What does Norma’s words show?
A．Her wish for the future. B．Her love for nursing work.
C．The support from the local area. D．The reason why she works as a nurse.
6．Why did Norma have to work at home during the COVID-19 pandemic?
A．Her immune system was weak. B．She was too old to travel to work.
C．The nursing school was closed down. D．It was difficult for her to live in the school.
7．Which word can best describe Norma?
A．Creative. B．Respectable. C．Stubborn. D．Funny.
【答案】4．C    5．B    6．A    7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一位年迈的英国护士仍然坚持工作并且拒绝退休。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She has worked with Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust for 40 years. She has been a full-time school nurse since 1973.(她与赖特廷顿、维根和利教学医院NHS基金会信托基金工作了40年。自1973年以来，她一直是一名全职的学校护士。)”可知，Norma从1973年起担任学校的专职护士，所以Norma做了49年学校的专职护士。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段中Norma的话“I’m proud to be where I am and I’m very passionate about the local area and everything related to the school nursing.(我很自豪能做到这一点，我对当地和与学校护理相关的一切都充满热情。)”以及“I’m just happy with what I am and where I am.(我只是对我现在的样子和我现在的位置感到满意。)”可知，她热爱她的工作。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“During the COVID-19 pandemic, Norma had to work from home due to having a weakened immune system (免疫系统).(在COVID-19大流行期间，由于诺玛的免疫系统薄弱，诺玛不得不在家工作。)”可知，因为她的免疫力差，所以疫情期间她不得不在家工作。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段Rabina Tindale的话“We are extremely proud to have Norma as part of our team and access to her significant experience and wisdom. She holds a very special place in the hearts of the children and families that she has helped over the years.(我们非常自豪诺玛能成为我们团队的一员，并获得她的重要经验和智慧。她在多年来帮助的孩子和家庭心中占据着非常特殊的地位。)”可知，她认为Norma是值得尊敬的。故选B项。

C
（2022春·湖北武汉·高一武钢三中校考阶段练习）A 9-year-old British schoolgirl, a double amputee (双侧截肢者), is set to make history after she walked the catwalk at New York Fashion Week.
Daisy-May Demetre has been chosen as a model for the French-inspired fashion line Lulu et Gigi Couture after its founder saw her modeling in London. Her appearance at the famous New York Fashion Week on September 8th marked the first time a double amputee had starred in the catwalk. The Birmingham schoolgirl is also set to show herself in Paris Fashion Week.
Daisy-May’s legs were amputated as a result of being born with fibular hemimelia, a birth disease in which part of the fibular bone (腓骨) in the leg is missing.
Her parents, Alex and Claire Demetre, were shocked to know that the child would “have no legs”. Her parents were faced with the predicament of whether to watch Daisy-May grow up with deformed (畸形的) legs that she wouldn’t be able to use or to allow doctors to perform a double amputation. They couldn’t make up their minds. It was not until the average child began to walk and her leg bones began to influence her balance and normal life that her parents decided to choose amputation.
“We didn’t know at the time that Daisy-May would be as good as she is now,” said Alex. “At the time, I isolated (孤立) myself — I had drinking problems. That has all changed — and that’s down to her taking each day with a big smile on her face,” he added. “She told me not to worry and inspired me to be brave.”
Daisy-May’s career has since sky-rocketed in popularity. Alex, meanwhile, says that he couldn’t be prouder of his daughter. “The disability doesn’t stop Daisy-May. She just does Daisy, the way she goes about life with a smile on her face.”
8．What do you know about Daisy-May Demetre?
A．Her first performance on the catwalk didn’t succeed.
B．She became a double amputee because of an accident.
C．She is the first double amputee to perform at the fashion show.
D．She looks forward to performing for more fashion lines.
9．What does the underlined word “predicament” in the 4th paragraph mean?
A．An unexpected danger. B．A difficult situation.
C．A painful operation. D．A serious examination.
10．What could be inferred from Paragraph 5?
A．Alex gave Daisy-May the greatest encouragement.
B．Daisy-May isolated herself after the amputation.
C．Daisy-May is a girl with an optimistic mind.
D．Alex expected Daisy-May to be a model at her young age.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Daisy-May Walked on the Catwalk with One Leg
B．A Double Amputee Is a Gymnast as Well as a Model
C．A British Schoolgirl Set a New Record in the Fashion Show
D．A 9-year-old Double Amputee Makes History on the Catwalk
【答案】8．C    9．B    10．C    11．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了这位9岁的双截肢者在纽约时装周走上 T 台后，创造了历史。她的出现标志着双截肢者第一次出现在 T 台上。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Daisy-May Demetre has been chosen as a model for the French-inspired fashion line Lulu et Gigi Couture after its founder saw her modeling in London. Her appearance at the famous New York Fashion Week on September 8th marked the first time a double amputee had starred in the catwalk. ”（Daisy-May Demetre被法国时装品牌 Lulu et Gigi Couture 选为模特，该品牌的创始人在伦敦看到了她的模特经历。9月8日，她出现在著名的纽约时装周上，标志着双截肢者第一次出现在 T 台上。）可知，Daisy-May Demetre是第一个双截肢者第一次出现在 T 台上。故选C。
9．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“whether to watch Daisy-May grow up with deformed (畸形的) legs that she wouldn’t be able to use or to allow doctors to perform a double amputation. ”（是看着Daisy-May长大，拥有一双她无法使用的畸形腿，还是允许医生进行双截肢手术。)可知，父母要面临的在两种情形中做选择，可推知，划线词此处 指“困难的情形”，故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第五段中“ “At the time, I isolated (孤立) myself — I had drinking problems. That has all changed — and that’s down to her taking each day with a big smile on her face,””（“当时，我把自己孤立起来——我有酗酒问题。一切都变了——那就是她每天都面带微笑。”）可知，Daisy-May每天都面带微笑。可推知，Daisy-May是一个非常乐观的女孩。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段“A 9-year-old British schoolgirl, a double amputee (双侧截肢者), is set to make history after she walked the catwalk at New York Fashion Week.”（一个9岁的英国女学生，一个双截肢者，在纽约时装周走上 T 台后，将创造历史。）可知，本文主要讲述了这位9岁的双截肢者在纽约时装周走上 T 台后，创造了历史。故选D。

D
（辽宁省大连市2022-2023学年高二上学期12月期末英语试题）All day long, at an MSF distribution center, humanitarian (人道主义的) supplies make their way to some of the most dangerous spots on the planet. Specially marked boxes are being packed with medicines and supplies, which are on their way to Ebola-affected Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone.
Kathy Dedieu became a sanitation (卫生设备) and water engineer for MSF a decade ago. She has just returned from Liberia, where MSF is working to help reopen the hospitals. Her job is to make sure that clean parts of the hospitals are kept separate from areas that are polluted. She says the situation there is a complete disaster. “Even during the war, I haven’t seen a health system close so fast. The hospitals are empty because the health staff just aren’t there,” she says. Dedieu was in Liberia during that country’s civil war in 2003.
MSF was founded in 1971 by a group of doctors and journalists. “I remember being criticized in the 1980s as a ‘medical cowboy’,” says Rony Brauman, who headed MSF from 1982 to 1994. “We were blamed for riding in, distributing our pills and creating unreasonable expectations.” But Brauman says that’s the nature of health care. “We raise expectations; we create new diseases by treating old diseases,” Brauman says. “That’s how it works in general. It was a kind of fight. MSF won that fight.”
MSF doctor Cameron Bopp says he’s worked with other humanitarian organizations but always missed the level of devotion and motivation he’s found at MSF. “The main thing that’s different about MSF from the point of view someone like me who goes out and works in the field is that when there’s an emergency, other organizations say, ‘Whoa, this is an emergency. We’re gonna be there as soon as we get funding.’ And MSF has the funding,” he says. “We start right away.” Ninety percent of MSF’s funding comes from a devoted base of five million donors. That gives it the independence to speak out and do what’s really needed.
12．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Showing the places affected by Ebola. B．Exploring a distribution center of MSF.
C．Introducing one of the functions of MSF. D．Encouraging donations to Ebola-affected areas.
13．What can we learn about Kathy Dedieu?
A．She is working in Liberia.
B．She was once a soldier in the civil war.
C．She founded MSF with many other doctors.
D．She helps with pollution prevention in hospitals.
14．What was people’s attitude to MSF in the early years?
A．Optimistic. B．Uncaring. C．Disapproving. D．Curious.
15．How is MSF different from other organizations according to Cameron?
A．It has a lot of faithful donors. B．It involves many journalists.
C．It is operated by doctors themselves. D．It obtains funding from the government.
【答案】12．C    13．D    14．C    15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“无国界医生”这一非盈利组织。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“All day long, at an MSF distribution center, humanitarian (人道主义的) supplies make their way to some of the most dangerous spots on the planet. Specially marked boxes are being packed with medicines and supplies, which are on their way to Ebola-affected Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone.(一整天，在无国界医生组织的配送中心，人道主义物资源源不断地运往地球上一些最危险的地方。有特殊标记的箱子里装满了药品和物资，这些物资正在运往受埃博拉影响的利比里亚、几内亚和塞拉利昂。)”可知第一段主要呈现的是无国界医生组织的一个分发中心为埃博拉病毒感染国家配发物资的场景，所以第一段的主要内容是介绍该组织的一项功能。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。由第二段“ She has just returned from Liberia,(她刚从利比里亚回来，)”可以判断Kathy Dedieu目前不在利比里亚，因此A项错误；由第二段最后“Dedieu was in Liberia during that country’s civil war in 2003.(2003年利比里亚内战期间，Dedieu在那里。)”可知2003年利比里亚内战爆发时Dedieu在利比里亚，但并没有提到她在当兵，因此B项错误；由第三段第一句话“MSF was founded in 1971 by a group of doctors and journalists.(无国界医生组织成立于1971年，由一群医生和记者组成。)”可知无国界医生组织并不是Dedieu创立的，因此C项错误；根据文章第二段的“Her job is to make sure that clean parts of the hospitals are kept separate from areas that are polluted(她的工作是确保医院的清洁区域与污染区域分开。)”可知Kathy Dedieu的工作是确保医院的清洁区和污染区是分开的，即预防医院被污染。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““I remember being criticized in the 1980s as a ‘medical cowboy’,” says Rony Brauman, who headed MSF from 1982 to 1994. “We were blamed for riding in, distributing our pills and creating unreasonable expectations.”(我记得在20世纪80年代被批评为‘医疗牛仔’，”1982年至1994年担任无国界医生组织负责人的罗尼·布劳曼说。“我们被指责骑车进来，分发药品，制造不合理的期望。”)”可知无国界医生组织成立之初是不被人们所接受的。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““When there is an emergency, We’re gonna be there as soon as we get funding. And MSF has the funding.” he says. “We start right away.” Ninety percent of MSF’s funding comes from a devoted base of five million donors. That gives it the independence to speak out and do what’s really needed.(“当有紧急情况时。我们一拿到资金就会过去。而且无国界医生组织有资金。”“我们马上开始。”无国界医生组织90%的资金来自500万名忠实的捐赠者。这使它能够独立地发表意见，做真正需要的事情。)”可知无国界医生组织不同于其他人道主义组织的主要特点之一在于它有许多可靠的捐赠者。故选A项。


第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022春·湖北十堰·高三校联考期中）Ten-year-old Orion Jean has always known that kindness is important. ____16____But last year, after entering the National Kindness Speech Contest (比赛), he became passionate (热情的) about it. Now he works to spread kindness everywhere through projects that help others. He calls his campaign the Race to Kindness.
After a teacher told him about the contest, Orion had only 24 hours to write, memorize, and record his speech.____17____. He said right now many are facing difficulties from the pandemic. “Kindness is like spreading hugs around the world to those who need it and those who may not know they need it.” Orion said. He encouraged listeners to join him in “the race of kindness”. ____18____. He used his $500 prize to support his first Race to Kindness project, a toy drive for a local Children’s hospital. He collected 619 toys. After that, Orion wanted to make an even bigger influence. He packed meal bags for people in need. He included a kind message for each receiver. Orion also organized several events in his community.____19____
Orion believes that everyone wins this race. He said. “If you’re kind to someone else, it can make their day brighter and encourage that person to be kind to somebody else.____20____”
A．Orion’s speech won the contest.
B．He tried to work with an organization.
C．In all, he collected more than 100,000 meals.
D．In it, he talked about the importance of kindness.
E．He called on listeners to do small, kind acts for others.
F．He often practiced it by volunteering with his family.
G．And then it just grows and grows, and it can make the world a better place.
【答案】16．F    17．D    18．A    19．C    20．G
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了10岁的Orion Jean发起Race to Kindness活动，向有需要的人传递善意。
16．根据上文“Ten-year-old Orion Jean has always known that kindness is important. (10岁的Orion Jean一直都知道善良很重要。)”可知，上文告诉我们Orion Jean一直都知道善良很重要，F项意为“他经常和家人一起做志愿者来实行善举。”选项能够承接上文，因为Orion Jean一直都知道善良很重要，所以才和家人一起做志愿者来实行善举。故选F。
17．根据上文“After a teacher told him about the contest, Orion had only 24 hours to write, memorize, and record his speech. (在一位老师告诉他比赛的情况后，Orion只有24小时的时间来写作、记忆和记录他的演讲。)”可知，Orion准备参加演讲，D项意为“在演讲中，他谈到了善良的重要性。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了演讲的内容，在演讲中，他谈到了善良的重要性。故选D。
18．根据下文“He used his $500 prize to support his first Race to Kindness project, a toy drive for a local Children’s hospital. (他用自己的500美元奖金来支持他的第一个Race to Kindness项目，为当地一家儿童医院提供玩具车。)”可知，Orion获得了奖金，由此可知，他赢得了比赛，A项意为“Orion的演讲赢得了比赛。”选项能够引起下文，Orion的演讲赢得了比赛，所以获得了奖金。故选A。
19．根据上文“He packed meal bags for people in need. He included a kind message for each receiver. Orion also organized several events in his community. (他为有需要的人打包了餐袋。他给每个接收者都发了一条亲切的信息。Orion还在他的社区组织了几次活动。)”可知，Orion为有需要的人提供餐食，并在他的社区组织了几次活动筹集餐食，C项意为“总共，他收集了超过10万份餐食。”选项能够承接上文，Orion在他的社区组织了几次活动筹集餐食，收集了超过10万份餐食。故选C。
20．根据上文“If you’re kind to someone else, it can make their day brighter and encourage that person to be kind to somebody else. (如果你对别人好，这会让他们的日子更美好，并鼓励那个人对别人好。)”可知，善意是可以传递的，会让人们的生活更美好，G项意为“然后它会不断增加，它可以让世界变得更美好。”选项能够承接上文，善意是可以传递的，它会不断增加，让世界变得更美好。故选G。

第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（浙江省北斗星盟2022-2023学年高三上学期12月联考英语试题（含听力））On Sunday, Schoonbroodt, a 71-year-old from Maastricht, ran a marathon. In a ____21____ 2hr 54 mins and 19 secs, he became the fastest person of his age in history. At an age when many of his contemporaries (同龄人) are____22____ down, Jo Schoonbroodt is____23____ speeding up.
It turned out that Schoonbroodt’s new 70+ world record, was ____24____ by an unlikely source: the Belgian singer Eddy Wally. With a few miles____25____, his legs were starting to get____26____.
“However, my friend had a special ____27____ to keep me on track,” said Schoonbroodt. “He put Eddy Wally’s song Chérie on his phone on repeat. I’ve always loved it. It gave me a____28____. I overtook one runner after another and, ____29____ getting cramp (抽筋) in the final 500 metres, I was able to_____30_____ the record by four seconds.”
While Schoonbrodt’s achievements are exceptional, he is not _____31_____. Several men over 70 have run a sub-three-hour marathon. John Brewer, a sports scientist at the University of the West of Scotland, _____32_____ that while we suffer a 10% decline in muscle mass every decade _____33_____ we age, the decline isn’t as sharp for endurance. “Compared to 40 years ago, the_____34_____ in nutrition, recovery and technology all mean that it is more _____35_____ for people in their 60s and 70s to produce good performance if they follow the right training,” he said.
21．A．promising B．frightening C．disappointing D．surprising
22．A．winding B．jumping C．looking D．handing
23．A．also B．nearly C．then D．somehow
24．A．inspired B．puzzled C．shocked D．amused
25．A．running B．waiting C．remaining D．starting
26．A．heavier B．faster C．tighter D．lighter
27．A．trick B．joke C．collection D．person
28．A．hit B．boost C．blow D．move
29．A．due to B．instead of C．despite D．besides
30．A．put B．reach C．break D．hold
31．A．satisfied B．alone C．practical D．ordinary
32．A．worked out B．puts out C．made out D．points out
33．A．since B．before C．because D．as
34．A．findings B．alternatives C．advances D．information
35．A．difficult B．possible C．important D．exciting
【答案】
21．D    22．A    23．D    24．A    25．C    26．A    27．A    28．B    29．C    30．C    31．B    32．D    33．D    34．C    35．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁大爷参加马拉松，成为了历史上他这个年龄段跑得最快的人。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在令人惊讶的2小时54分19秒内，他成为了历史上他这个年龄段跑得最快的人。A. promising有希望的；B. frightening令人害怕的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据“he became the fastest person of his age in history.”可知，70多岁的老人在2小时54分19秒内跑完马拉松，是令人惊讶的。故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在许多同龄人都已越走越慢，乔·施洪布鲁特却在不知何故地加速前进。A. winding蜿蜒；B. jumping跳；C. looking看；D. handing递交。wind  down放松；慢下来。根据“Jo Schoonbroodt is____3____ speeding up.”可知，许多同龄人都已越走越慢。故选A。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在许多同龄人都已越走越慢，乔·施洪布鲁特却在不知何故地加速前进。A. also也；B. nearly几乎；C. then然而；D. somehow以某种方式；不知怎么地。根据“At an age when many of his contemporaries (同龄人) are____2____ down,”可知，同龄人越走越慢，乔·施洪布鲁特却不知怎么地在加速前进。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，施洪布鲁特的70+世界纪录来自一个不太可能来源的鼓舞：比利时歌手埃迪·沃利。A. inspired鼓舞；B. puzzled困惑；C. shocked震惊；D. amused娱乐。be inspired by受到……鼓舞。根据“the Belgian singer Eddy Wally.”可知，施洪布鲁特受到比利时歌手埃迪·沃利的鼓舞。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：还剩几英里时，他的腿开始变得更沉了。A. running跑；B. waiting等待；C. remaining剩余；D. starting开始。根据“his legs were starting to get____6____.”可知，比赛结束还剩最后几英里。故选C。
26．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：还剩几英里时，他的腿开始变得更沉了。A. heavier更重的；B. faster更快的；C. tighter更紧的；D. lighter更轻的。根据“With a few miles____5____,”和常识可知，马拉松最后，腿越来越重。故选A。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：施洪布鲁特说：“然而，我的朋友有一个特殊的技巧让我坚持下去。”A. trick技巧；B. joke玩笑；C. collection收集；D. person个人。根据“He put Eddy Wally’s song Chérie on his phone on repeat. I’ve always loved it. It gave me a____8____. I overtook one runner after another and, ____9____ getting cramp (抽筋) in the final 500 metres, I was able to____10____ the record by four seconds.”可知，朋友的一个技巧帮助施洪布鲁特坚持下去。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它给了我动力。A. hit打击；B. boost提高；C. blow吹；D. move移动。根据“He put Eddy Wally’s song Chérie on his phone on repeat. I’ve always loved it.”可知，比利时歌手埃迪·沃利的歌曲给了施洪布鲁特动力。故选B。
29．考查介词（短语）和副词词义辨析。句意：我超越了一个又一个选手，尽管在最后500米时抽筋了，但我还是以4秒的优势打破了记录。A. due to由于；B. instead of而不是；C. despite尽管；D. besides此外。根据“I was able to____10____ the record by four seconds.”可知，尽管抽筋，但还是以4秒的优势打破了记录。故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我超越了一个又一个选手，尽管在最后500米时抽筋了，但我还是以4秒的优势打破了记录。A. put放；B. reach到达；C. break打破；D. hold抓住。根据“It turned out that Schoonbroodt’s new 70+ world record,”可知，施洪布鲁打破了他这个年龄段的记录。故选C。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然施洪布鲁特的成就是独一无二的，但他并不孤单。A. satisfied满意的；B. alone孤单的；C. practical实际的；D. ordinary普通的。根据“While Schoonbrodt’s achievements are exceptional,”和“Several men over 70 have run a sub-three-hour marathon.”可知，施洪布鲁特并不孤单。故选B。
32．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：西苏格兰大学的运动科学家约翰·布鲁尔指出，虽然随着年龄的增长，我们的肌肉质量每十年就会下降10%，但耐力的下降幅度并没有那么大。A. worked out锻炼；B. puts out熄灭；C. made out辨别；D. points out指出。根据“while we suffer a 10% decline in muscle mass every decade ____13____ we age, the decline isn’t as sharp for endurance.”可知，这里是西苏格兰大学的运动科学家约翰·布鲁尔指出的内容。故选D。
33．考查连词词义辨析。句意：西苏格兰大学的运动科学家约翰·布鲁尔指出，虽然随着年龄的增长，我们的肌肉质量每十年就会下降10%，但耐力的下降幅度并没有那么大。A. since自从；B. before在……之前；C. because因为；D. as由于。根据“while we suffer a 10% decline in muscle mass every decade”可知，由于年纪增长，肌肉质量在下降。故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“与40年前相比，营养、康复和技术的进步都意味着，如果进行正确的训练，六七十岁的人更有可能取得好成绩。”A. findings发现；B. alternatives二者择一；C. advances进步；D. information信息。根据“in nutrition, recovery and technology”可知，这里指营养、康复和技术的进步。故选C。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“与40年前相比，营养、康复和技术的进步都意味着，如果进行正确的训练，六七十岁的人更有可能取得好成绩。” A. difficult困难的；B. possible可能的；C. important重要的；D. exciting令人激动的。根据“if they follow the right training,”可知，如今，如果进行正确的训练，六七十岁的人更有可能取得好成绩。故选B。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2023·河北衡水·河北衡水中学校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Anyone who has an interest in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. The Chinese archaeologist ___36___ has spent more than half a century researching and preserving the caves at the heart of the ancient Silk Road in Gansu Province ___37___(know) as the “Daughter of Dunhuang” in her field, though “protector” is probably a more fitting ___38___(describe).
Fan has been studying the historical site since the early 1960s, first as an archaeology undergraduate from Peking University, then as a conservationist when she ___39___(become) the deputy director of the Dunhuang Research Academy in 1984, which serves to prevent the ancient site ___40___ being destroyed.
“It is over a thousand years old. It is an old person, an ___41___(extreme) weak old person. It has ___42___(variety) illnesses. If you are a little careless, it could be gone. Gone forever,” Fan says.
Today, thanks to the work of great ___43___(archaeologist) such as Fan, Dunhuang is proud of the world’s largest and best-preserved collection of Buddhist relics ___44___(date) from the 15th to the 13th centuries. The main Mogao site is made up of 735 caves spread across a 1,700-metre-wide cliff face, containing 45,000 square metres of murals(壁画) ____45____ more than 2,000 colourful sculptures.
【答案】
36．who##that    37．is known    38．description    39．became    40．from    41．extremely    42．various    43．archaeologists    44．dating    45．and
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“敦煌的女儿”樊锦诗为保护敦煌文物作出的巨大贡献。
36．考查定语从句。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词archaeologist，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
37．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。根据语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。句子的主语The Chinese archaeologist是单数，和know之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is known。
38．考查名词。句意：这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟，在她的领域被称为“敦煌之女”，尽管“保护者”可能是更合适的描述。设空处被不定冠词a 修饰，应使用名词的单数形式。故填description。
39．考查时态。句意：樊锦诗从20世纪60年代初开始研究这一历史遗址，最初是北京大学考古专业的本科生，1984年成为敦煌研究院副院长，作为一名自然保护主义者，该研究院旨在防止这一古老遗址被破坏。根据下文中的in 1984可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应使用一般过去时。故填became。
40．考查介词。句意：樊锦诗从20世纪60年代初开始研究这一历史遗址，最初是北京大学考古专业的本科生，1984年成为敦煌研究院副院长，作为一名自然保护主义者，该研究院旨在防止这一古老遗址被破坏。prevent sth. from doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“防止某事物发生某种情况”。故填from。
41．考查副词。句意：这是一个老人，一个极其虚弱的老人。设空处作状语，修饰形容词weak，应使用副词。故填extremely。
42．考查形容词。句意：它有各种各样的疾病。设空处作定语，修饰名词illnesses，应使用形容词，故填various。
43．考查名词的数。句意：今天，多亏了樊锦诗等伟大考古学家的工作，敦煌拥有世界上最大、保存最完好的15世纪至13世纪的佛教文物。archaeologist意为“考古学家”，是可数名词，且此处表泛指，应使用复数形式。故填archaeologists。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，多亏了樊锦诗等伟大考古学家的工作，敦煌拥有世界上最大、保存最完好的15世纪至13世纪的佛教文物。此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰collection of Buddhist relics，且collection of Buddhist relics与date为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填dating。
45．考查连词。句意：莫高窟主址由735个洞窟组成，分布在1700米宽的悬崖上，包含4.5万平方米的壁画和2000多件彩色雕塑。45,000 square metres of murals(壁画)与more than 2,000 colourful sculptures为并列关系，指出敦煌古迹数量之大。故填and。

第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)
46．（2022春·辽宁沈阳·高二沈阳二中阶段练习）为了号召同学们积极参与社区服务活动，你校下周将组织一场英语演讲比赛，主题为Take Action to Serve Your Community，请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 服务社区的重要性；
2. 你的倡议；
3. 呼吁大家行动起来。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Good morning, everyone!
I feel honored to stand here to deliver a speech which is entitled “Take Action to Serve Your Community”.
Nowadays the world is becoming increasingly interdependent, and we all need each other’s help to serve the community. Additionally, it takes every individual’s effort to build a harmonious community.
Actually, we don’t have to be successful to serve the community. Small things can make a big difference too, such as picking up rubbish on the road and donating second-hand clothes to those in need.
Dear students, please take action now. Thanks for listening.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇演讲稿，号召同学们积极参与社区服务活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
荣幸的：honored → privileged
发表演讲：deliver a speech → make/give a speech
越来越：increasingly → more and more
此外：Additionally → What’s more /Besides/In addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Nowadays the world is becoming increasingly interdependent, and we all need each other’s help to serve the community.
拓展句：Nowadays the world is becoming an increasingly interdependent place where we all need each other’s help to serve the community.
【高分句型1】I feel honored to stand here to deliver a speech which is entitled “Take Action to Serve Your Community”. （运用了which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Additionally, it takes every individual’s effort to build a harmonious community.（运用了it作形式主语）

第二节　读后续写(满分25分)
47．（2022春·重庆·高三重庆巴蜀中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Christmas was almost here. The snow was fresh and deep on the remote mountain path. Arriving home, Ben said, “I saw two horses trapped by the heavy snow.” Father looked at Jack, the older son. “Well, go take a look. Take the rifle and some hay. If they look as if they can survive, give them the hay. If not...”
The next morning, Ben and Jack set off in the cold, crisp snow. The snowmobile sank a bit in the deep snow, but they kept going. At last they reached the clearing where the horses stood.
“They’re starving!” said Ben. One of the horses had lost a lot of hair, and their tails were almost gone. Their eyes were lifeless and tired. Jack walked around the horses. “Well,” said Jack, sighing, picking up the rifle. “There’s no way to get them down through the snow. And they look pretty bad.”
“No! No!” cried Ben. “We should try,” he pleaded. “How do we know how bad they really are? Dad can get the vet!”
“Well, I don’t know,“ said Jack slowly. He walked around the horses again. He patted the big brown one on the neck. It made a sad, small groaning sound. “Maybe you’re right.”
Ben quickly got the hay and spread it around. The horses ate hungrily, and Ben poured water into a pail for them.
Back at home the family had a hurried meeting.
“What if we put them on a big sled?” Jack said.
“I don’t know how we could get a sled that big up there," Dad sighed. “I think the kindest thing to do is to put them out of their misery.”
“No!” said Ben. “Well just have to shovel(铲)a path or tunnel then.”
His parents raised their eyebrows.
“That’s a long way, and a lot of snow. I don’t know if it can be done,” Dad said, “unless we have an awful lot of people shoveling.” Ben could see he was warming to the idea.
“We’ll find some!” said Ben. He grabbed his coat and boots. “Come on, Jack, let’s go!”
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The two brothers went from door to door asking everyone to come and help.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Suddenly, a group of snowmobilers arrived with shovels and hot chocolate,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
The two brothers went from door to door asking everyone to come and help. They went to the hardware store and the gas station, putting notices up in the grocery store and the library. They went to the bank and the hotel. Then they took the snowmobile back up the mountain with more hay and water and some warm blankets. The horses seemed happy to see them. Ben and Jack started shoveling. They worked for hours but only made a small dent in the snow. “This is hopeless,” said Jack. He leaned on his shovel and wiped his dripping nose. “Let’s go home. No one is going to help.” Ben insisted, “We can’t give up.” But his fingers were frozen, his nose numb.
Suddenly, a group of snowmobilers arrived with shovels and hot chocolate. They had followed Ben and Jack’s tracks up the trail. “Boys, take a break,” they said. “There are more coming!” People came and shoveled every day, and a deep, narrow trench very slowly worked its way down the mountain. It was almost Christmas, but no one had time to even think about that. Jack and Ben constantly went to feed and water and talk to the horses. On the seventh day, hearing muffled voices and the sound of shovels, they knew they were almost there. In a few minutes there was a cheer, two men with shovels breaking through the snow at the bottom. Everyone was celebrating and hugging each other. “We did it, Jack!” said Ben, grinning from ear to ear. “We all did it together!”
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在圣诞节前夕，远处山路上的雪又新又厚。拿着步枪和一些干草本和杰克打算去去看看被大雪困住的两匹马的情况。在观察了这两匹马的情况后，杰克认为最好的办法就是让他们结束痛苦。然而，本觉得他们应该尝试拯救他们，于是他们回到家里和家人商量拯救这两匹马的办法。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“兄弟俩挨家挨户地请大家来帮忙。”可知，第一段可描写兄弟俩如何请求大家的帮助和兄弟俩为拯救两匹马，他们开始铲雪，虽然只在雪地上留下了一个小凹痕，但是他们不放弃。
②由第二段首句内容“突然，一群雪地摩托司机带着铁锹和热巧克力来了。”可知，第二段可描写许多人加入拯救这两匹马，开始铲雪，最终马得救的过程。
2.续写线索：贴广告求助——铲雪举步维艰——不放弃——众人帮助——齐心协力——拯救马匹
3.词汇激活
行为类
①放弃：give up /quit/ abandon
②回家：go back home/return home/go home
情绪类
①无助的：hopeless / unassisted
②开怀大笑：laugh a hearty laugh / grinning from ear to ear
【点睛】[高分句型1]The horses seemed happy to see them.（运用了动词不定式to see作原因状语）
[高分句型2]On the seventh day, hearing muffled voices and the sound of shovels, they knew they were almost there. （运用了现在分词hearing作状语和省略了that的引导宾语从句）