牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第三册Reading学案

               课    题：必修二第二单元Reading重点知识点

学习目标

1. grasp the usage of the new words and use them correctly;

2. train students’ reading, speaking skills.

学习过程：

1. 课前预习单

1.continent 2.species 3.beneath 4.mass 5.towering 6.nutrient 7.thus 8.impact 9.damage 10.climate

单词变形

harm n．&vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→ harmless adj.无害的

length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→lengthen vi.& vt.(使)变长→long adj.长的

variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary vi.变化→various adj.各种各样的

extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj. 绝种的，绝迹的

survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n. 生存，幸存；幸存事物→survivor n．幸存者

nutrient n．营养素，营养物→nutrition n．营养→nutritious adj.有营养的

disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失，失踪→appear vi.出现；显现→appearance n．外表，外貌；抵达，到来

agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的

二、课中合作探究

1. harm /hɑːm/ n. & vt. 伤害，损害

原文：The human race has done much harm.

【词块积累】

(1)do harm to      对……有害

cause harm to...  对……造成危害

There is no harm in doing sth.   做某事并无害处。

(2)harmful   adj. 有害的

be harmful to...  对……有害

(3)harmless   adj. 无害的

【跟踪典例】完成句子

①Some modern farming methods have done great harm ______ the soil.

②There is no harm in ________(live) in that region for a long time.

③The scientist said that this kind of air is ___________(harm).

这位科学家说，这种空气是无害的。

【答案】

①  To   ②living   ③harmless

2.length /leŋθ/ n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长

原文：The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.

【词块积累】

in length  长度

at length  最后，终于；详细地

at arm's length  疏远；在手臂伸得到的地方

lengthen vt. 使延长；加长 vi. 延长；变长

【跟踪典例】完成句子

①This room is twice the ___________(long) of the kitchen. 这个房间的长度是厨房的两倍。

②The snake usually reaches a ___________(long) of 100 cm. 蛇一般长达100厘米。

③We discussed                             .

我们就缩短这门课程的时限进行了讨论。

【答案】

① length   ②length   ③shortening the length of the course

3. variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体

原文：The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.

【词块积累】

(1) a variety of/varieties of   各种各样的

(2) various          adj. 各种各样的；不同的

(3) vary                 v. 改变；变化

vary from...to...        由……到……不等

【跟踪典例】完成句子

①They discussed ___________(vary) matters all over the world.

②Opinions on this matter ______________________________.

对于这件事，每个人意见不一。

③A variety of nuts _______(be) on sale in that shop.

The variety of nuts on sale in that shop _______ (be) surprising.

【答案】

① various ②vary from person to person  ③are  is 

4. mass /mæs/ n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj. 大批的，广泛的

原文：The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是要确定文学的一些重要品质。

【词块积累】

(1)a mass/masses of  大量

(2) the mass of   大多数

(3)massive   adj. 非常大的；巨大的

【注意】the mass of＋名词 作主语，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致。

a mass/masses of＋名词 作主语的句子中，谓语动词的数与mass的数一致。

a mass/masses of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。

【跟踪典例】完成句子

①The mass of people in that region _______(be) fond of peace.

②There _______(be) masses of dark clouds in the sky today.

③I think that’s going to be a _________(mass) thing，at least here in New York.(2020·全国Ⅱ)

【答案】

 ①are  ②are      ③massive

5. survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 生存，存活vt. 幸存，幸免于难

原文：While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.

【词块积累】

(1) survive sth.   幸免于；从……活过来

survive on   依靠……生活

survive sb. by...  比某人多活……

(2) survival  n. 生存；幸存

(3)survivor  n. 生还者，幸存者

【跟踪典例】完成句子

①How do you survive _______ such a low salary?

你是如何靠这么低的工资维持生计的？

②The old woman survived her husband _______ ten years.

老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。

③They will hold a party to celebrate his ___________(survive).

【答案】

 ①on  ②by      ③survival

6. in turn 相应地，转而

原文：These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.

【词块积累】

take turns to do sth = do sth in turn   轮流做某事

It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做

拓展(turn):

turn down       拒绝

turn out         结果是

turn to          向...求助

turn into    变成

turn around   转身

【跟踪典例】完成句子

①The patients will be examined by the old doctor __________ tomorrow.

明天老医生会依次给这些病人检查身体。

②The party turned _______ to be very successful.

③When he turned _______，he found a beggar standing there.

④He turned _______ such a wonderful job，which made me surprised.

【答案】①in turn     ②out    ③around    ④down

7. break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）

原文：When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.

【词块积累】

break into     强行闯入            

break in      插嘴，打断；破门而入

break out     (战争、火灾等)爆发     

break off      断开；(谈话)中断

break up      分手；（关系）破裂   

break through  冲破；取得突破

break away from  突然离开；脱离

【跟踪典例】完成句子

①The police came running and broke ________ the crowd.

②He decided to break away ________ home after graduation.

③Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks ________?

④Someone broke _______ my house and stole some money.

【答案】①up   ②from  ③out  ④into    

8. due to由于, 因为

原文：Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的50年里, 约17%的雨林因农业和养牛等人类活动而消失。

【词块积累】

(1)be due to do sth.   预期做某事

be due to sb.    应支付/归于某人

(2)表示“由于，因为”的短语还有：

because of，owing to，thanks to，on account of等。

【跟踪典例】完成句子

①The band’s first album is due __________(come) out later this month.

②Have they been paid the money that is due ______ them?

他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？

③Thanks ______ his timely help，many villagers survived the disaster.

多亏了他及时的帮助，很多村民才从那场灾难中活了下来。

【答案】①to come    ②to     ③to

9. impact n.  影响, 作用;  撞击, 冲撞　vi.  &vt.  有影响;  冲击

原文：As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”?

【词块积累】

have/ make a great/deep impact on 对……有重大/深远影响

the impact of..……的影响

impact on/upon 对……产生影响

【跟踪典例】完成句子

①Every teardown has ____________ impact on the look and feel of a community.

②Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact _____________ the recession.

③One of the most basic core values is honesty. It _____________ (impact) our entire life: our jobs, our relationships, our own feelings about ourselves and the actions we take.

④These costs will ___________(极大地影响) our profitability (利润).

⑤They say they expect the meeting to _______________________ (对…有显著影响） the future of the country. 【答案】①an    ②of  ③impacts  ④impact greatly on ⑤have a marked impact on

10.damage vt. & n.损坏, 破坏;  损害, 伤害

原文：As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”?

【词块积累】

do/cause damage to       对……造成损害