Unit 1（A卷·夯实基础）——高二英语同步单元AB卷（译林版2020选择性必修第四册）

Unit 1 Honesty and Responsibility 测试（A卷·夯实基础）

（时间：90分钟    满分：100分）

第一部分  阅读（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

（2021·福建龙岩·高二期末）Over past decades, China's aerospace industry has achieved a great deal and made great breakthroughs. Guo Shiyu, 31, is one of those personnel(从业人员)who have devoted themselves to the noble cause.

Working at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Guo is part of the third generation of China's aerospace personnel. He was born and brought up in an "aerospace family" with his parents and grandparents all working in the industry.

Back in college, Guo majored in logistscs(物流). With a good command of relevant knowledge, he started his space career, applying what he had learned to doing material management work at the academy. He won a safety production award along with his team members. "Each generation of aerospace personnel pursues high quality and error-free work," he said.

Guo developed interest in aerospace when he was a university student. In 2007, he saw China's first unmanned lunar probe Chang' e I make a smooth launch. "Before I graduated in 2011, the space station Tiangong-I took another step forward into the universe, and so I made up my mind to work on space missions," he said.

Guo learned to be careful and precise from the family members who came before him. Guo's grandfather was one of the first team of Chinese aerospace staff. He saw the academy being built in the middle of nowhere in the 1950s. "Aerospace is a big project while everyone s work is ordinary. No matter whether it's designing or managing, it's detailed tasks that make up a great mission. I hope Guo will take details seriously and work hard at his position," his grandfather said.

"As the saying goes, 'My conquest(征途)is the sea of stars'," Guo said. "I hope someday spaceflight will be as easy as taking a train or plane now."

1. How did Guo Shiyu prepare for his aerospace career in college?

A．He devoted himself to it.

B．He took every detail seriously.

C．He worked hard with his teammates.

D．He equipped himself with professional knowledge.

2. What inspired Guo to take up his present career?

A．His interest in aerospace. 

B．His safety production award.

C．The influence of aerospace staff. 

D．The achievements in space exploration.

3. What can we infer from Guo's words in the last paragraph?

A．He is satisfied with his contributions.

B．He is concerned about spaceflight.

C．He is ambitious about his chosen career.

D．He is optimistic about China's aerospace industry.

B

（2021·吉林长春29中·高二期中）The big Town Hall clock was striking midnight when Frank began to cross the bridge. The dark night air was a little cold and wet.

Frank was strongly wishing to get home and his footsteps rang loudly on the pavement(人行道). When he reached the middle of the bridge, he thought he could hear someone coming near behind him. He looked back but could see no one. However, the sound went on and Frank began walking more quickly. Then he slowed down again. "There is nothing to be afraid of in a town as quiet as this," he thought to himself.

Just then, he heard short, quick steps closely behind him. By the time he got to the other side of the bridge, he could almost feel some one was behind him. He turned around and found there stood a man dressed in a large coat. A hat was quite down over his eyes and Frank could see very little of his face. Frank said something about the weather, trying to be friendly and quiet. The man did not answer but just asked where Oakfield House was. Frank pointed to a big house far away and the stranger went on his way.

Frank asked himself why the stranger wanted to find Oakfield House at such an hour. He knew that the people who lived there were very rich. Almost without realizing what he was doing , he began to follow the stranger quietly. The man was up soon outside the house and Frank saw him look up at the windows. A light was still on and the man waited until it went out. When about half an hour passed, Frank saw him drop on to the ground at the other side.

Now Frank realized what was going to happen. He walked quietly and quietly across the street to the telephone box at the corner.

4. At midnight that day, Frank was ________.

A. going to Oakfield House

B. leaving the Town Hall for a telephone box

C. on his way home when he found a stranger on a bridge

D. in a hurry to meet a friend in Oakfield House

5. Frank said something about the weather to the stranger because ________.

A. he was a very friendly person

B. he didn't want to show that he felt a little afraid

C. he wanted to start a talk with the man

D. he wanted to know what the weather would be like the next day

6. What did Frank think was going to happen?

A. The stranger was going to spend the night in Oakfield House.

B. Someone was going to make a telephone call before him.

C. The stranger would get himself hurt.

D. Someone was going to break into the house and take some things away from the house.

C

（2021·广东·金山中学高二期中）This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles. They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.

The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.

Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel — to check email, say — the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.

“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.

Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.

An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.

But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know — no driver.”

Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.

Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.

That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.

7. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．A place where cars often break down.

B．A case where passing a law is impossible.

C．An area where no driving is permitted.

D．A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.

8. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to _____ .

A．stop people from breaking traffic rules

B．help promote fully automatic driving

C．protect drivers of all ages and races

D．prevent serious property damage

9. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?

A．It should get the attention of insurance companies.

B．It should be the main concern of law makers.

C．It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.

D．It should involve no human responsibility.

10. What could be the best title for the passage?

A．Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?

B．Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough

C．Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!

D．Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents

第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分, 满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

（2021·甘肃·金昌一种高二期中）As parents, we must teach our children the importance and value of honesty from an early age. However, teaching our children to be honest isn't the same as teaching them to tie their shoes.___11___ Otherwise, they'll prefer to lie in order to avoid being punished.

___12___ Lying in order to receive objects or attention are two main ones. Another one is to avoid punishment — parents should be careful with this one. Being too strict can result in children's lying more often.

When should we start teaching them the difference between lies and the truth? Children under the age of 3 don't have the ability to understand the importance of values. As soon as they turn 3, however, it's important for parents to watch carefully. It isn't enough for parents to teach. We must also observe our child's behavior. ___13___

Rewarding children can be a great motivation for their learning. ___14___ This will help create a trustful environment within the family. At the same time, we shouldn't let our children hear us lying. Parents are the models that their children follow, and therefore a lot will depend on a parent's behavior.

As our children grow up, it's important to teach them the value of honesty. ___15___ It's important for them to realize that telling lies prevents us from helping them in the most appropriate way.

A. Let them understand the value of telling the truth.

B. Even if we're honest, our children may not be honest.

C. This will allow us to find out what makes the child lie.

D. We can't correct children's behavior through punishment.

E. They will start to link honesty with something positive.

F. Specialists in child psychology have listed the reasons why children lie.

G. Punishment and anger don't always work when trying to stop children from lying.

第二部分  语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节  完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

（2021·福建·厦门大学附属科技中学高二期中）On July 20, Yu Yifei, a 26-year-old medical intern(实习生)at People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, made his way home in a subway train on Line 5 after his first day's training. When downpours struck the city, he ____16____ about a dozen people trapped in a flooded subway train as the rainfall in Zhengzhou reached 201.9 millimeters between 4 pm and 5 pm, a totally new ____17____ in the history of Zhengzhou.

Flood waters ____18____ a barrier and entered the underground area. The train came to a sudden stop before the water began ____19____ in the carriages, trapping passengers inside. Thus Yu, ____20____ to leave and fearing for his life, made a ____21____ call to his father.

As water continued to flow into the carriages, passengers' ____22____ rose. When subway workers arrived to withdraw them, Yu ____23____ to get out. As he made his way to safety, he heard a cry for help from someone needing a doctor. He quickly ____24____ the white medical coat given to him at the hospital _____25_____ and returned to the platform to save him. On seeing him, a number of frightened people were greatly encouraged and their spirits _____26_____. Some even applauded him.

As more passengers were pulled from the _____27_____, Yu instructed others in the key steps to save a victim from drowning. He _____28_____ CPR, or first aid, to those in low-temperature shock from the cold water and near death from drowning. One of the passengers, a female doctor, nearly died. After _____29_____ consciousness and strength, she joined Yu in treating others. Yu was _____30_____ and needed all his concentration to perform another CPR procedure.

That night on a subway station platform, he spent an exhausting six hours giving CPR to passengers who narrowly survived drowning. All the people gave him the thumbs-up.

16. A．saw B．prevented C．kept D．saved
17. A．record B．height C．point D．depth
18. A．pushed B．made C．burst D．pulled
19. A．rising B．falling C．reaching D．disappearing
20. A．uncertain B．unfortunate C．unusual D．unable
21. A．foolish B．unique C．considerate D．desperate
22. A．excitement B．fears C．adaptation D．deaths
23. A．managed B．failed C．intended D．hesitated
24. A．tried on B．got on C．put on D．looked on
25. A．later B．further C．earlier D．former
26. A．gained B．lifted C．sank D．ran
27. A．platform B．air C．boat D．water
28. A．stopped B．continued C．explained D．refused
29. A．regaining B．refreshing C．reminding D．replacing
30. A．bored B．heartbroken C．energetic D．exhausted

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

（2021·湖北·高二期末）Fellow Zhang, the name of a Douyin account belonging to a 30-something man in Northeast China's Liaoning province, has picked up nearly 10 million followers in two months with just 41 short videos  31.           (record) his life.

A villager from the countryside of Yingkou city, Zhang   32.            (use) a smartphone to shoot clips of his simple daily routine in his run-down house, and around his village. The delicately edited videos uploaded on short-video platform Douyin have won him 30 million likes so far. Unlike many other grassroots  33.            (celebrity) on social media platforms, who have pretty faces, beautiful lifestyles, or  34.           impressive understanding of specific issues, Fellow Zhang doesn't even have a fixed subject for his videos.

However, the young man has developed the kind of  35.           (popular) which takes others years to achieve, in just a few dozen days. The no-filter country life  36.           (present) in his videos has resonated with a large audience.  37.           the content is simple, the production of the videos appears to be professional in terms of shooting and editing.

Because Fellow Zhang stands out among the other grassroots successes producing videos of rural life, many people have wondered  38.           there is a team supporting him behind the scenes. In response, he  39.           (recent) posted video to explain how he does everything himself. “I update videos at 5 or 6 p.m., sometimes even at 9 p.m., because it takes time to do it all  40.           my own,” he said in the video. “Whether I'm popular or not, I am still a villager.”

第三部分  基础知识检测（共两节，满分25分）

第一节  单句填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

1. （2018年·北京卷阅读改编）They take their driverless car to an              (appoint) and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.

2. （2019年·江苏卷阅读理解改编）Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile            

(save) his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young.

3. （2021年·全国乙卷完形填空改编）My thoughts were soon brought             discussion.

4. （2020年·山东卷阅读理解改编）In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when             (怀疑) of drug dealing.

5. （2018年·天津卷阅读理解改编）False fire alarms are             (legal) and may lead to imprisonment.

6. （2021年·全国乙卷语法填空改编）Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following

              (法则).

7. （2020年·天津卷完形填空改编）Jones’ idea has been fully realized-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break             the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.

8. （2020年·新课标Ⅱ阅读理解改编）Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may             (原谅) for thinking they are in a city gallery.

9. （2019年·天津卷阅读理解改编）So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would             (假装)to be reading.

10. （2019年·全国卷I阅读理解改编）Enviable             the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.

第二节  教材原句翻译补全（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）

11. 有时，人们会发现自己处于一种他们不得不就他们的道德价值观作出困难抉择的境地。

                    , people                             they have to make a difficult

choice                             .

12. 一家商店门口站着一名男子，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。（倒装句）

13. 火光映出一张苍白的脸，锐利的眼睛，方下巴，右眉毛附近有一道白色的小疤痕。

The light showed                                                                  

14. 当我把这条裙子送给安妮作为她的生日礼物时，我看到了她的兴奋当她撕下包装纸的时候，她睁大了眼睛。

                        Anne for her birthday, I saw                                 

15. 没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，一个没有责任感的人也会因自己的粗心和轻率行为而受到摆布。

A ship                     is                     the waves and winds;      , a person

                          is                                                   .

第四部分  写作（共两节，满分15分）

（2021·浙江温州·高二期中）假定你是李华，近日你收到好友 Eric 的来信，他对在中国抗击新冠肺炎 (COVID-19)疫情斗争中涌现的杰出人物很感兴趣，希望你给他介绍一位。请你给他写一封回信，介绍 “人民英雄”李兰娟。

人物简介： 李兰娟是中国杰出的感染病学科专家之一。在 2019 年新冠病毒爆发后，她勇担责任，前往武汉，抗击疫情，并建议“武汉封城”，使得祖国山河无恙。她为中国传染病诊治做出了巨大贡献，被认为是中国最伟大的女性之一。

注意：1. 词数 80 左右。

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇： 感染病学科专家 expert in infectious diseases； 新冠病毒爆发 outbreak of COVID-19；封锁 lock down

Dear Eric,

It’s great to hear from you.

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