重难点26 阅读理解之记叙文-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（全国通用）

专项五  中考题型 重难点26  阅读理解之记叙文

1.材料特点 

人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。

1.1. 人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。

1.2. 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。

2.解题技巧

2.1. 阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。

2.2. 阅读短篇故事类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。

3.满分技巧

3.1.主旨题

解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。

3.2.细节题

解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。

3.3.推断题

解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。

3.4.猜测词义题

解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。

中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从三个或四个选项中选出最佳答案。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。

典例解析

（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）

Maggie, Travis and Lucy’s science teacher set a special test for them. They had to work out different kinds of problems within limited time to get out of a locked room.

For the past hour, Maggie, Travis and Lucy had been locked inside a room decorated like a mad scientist’s laboratory. Together they decoded（破译）a secret language and solved a difficult maths problem.

The last challenge, however, stopped them. The key to the door was trapped in a block of ice.

“We have to melt the ice,” Lucy said.

“But there’s nothing hot here!” Maggie complained.

Travis pulled off his sweatshirt and wrapped（裏）it around the ice. “This keeps me warm,” he reasoned.

A few minutes passed by, but the ice didn’t melt.

“Isn’t cloth an insulator（隔热材料）?” Lucy asked. She tried to remember what she had learned in science class. “Heat always flows from warm objects to cold ones. The heat in the air will eventually melt the ice, but we need to find something that will help heat move from the air to the ice more quickly.”

“What about glass?” Maggie asked.

“Glass is also an insulator. It keeps heat from moving,” Lucy said. Then she noticed a large metal tray（金属托盘）across the room. “This might work!”

Lucy put the block of ice onto the tray. Everybody’s eyes moved between the clock and the ice. Would they be able to free the key in time?

At last, the key lay in the water on the tray. The three friends rushed out of the room in the last minute.

“We made it!” Travis cheered. “Good thing you paid attention in science class!”

1．What final challenge did the three friends need to complete?

A．To solve a maths problem. B．To learn a secret language.

C．To find their science teacher. D．To get the key trapped in ice.

2．What does Travis mean by saying “This keeps me warm”?

A．His sweatshirt can help melt the ice. B．He dislikes his sweatshirt.

C．His sweatshirt is of good quality. D．He wants to take off his sweatshirt.

3．What does the underlined word “eventually” probably mean?

A．carefully B．suddenly C．finally D．properly

4．What’s the best title for the story?

A．Changing Ice into Water B．Decorating the Laboratory

C．Running away from the Room D．Preparing for a Science Class

【短文大意】

本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了玛吉、特拉维斯和露西在科学老师的安排下，在一间上了锁的房间，利用学过的科学知识突破重重关卡，最终走出房间的故事。

【答案解析】

1．细节理解题。根据“The last challenge, however, stopped them. The key to the door was trapped in a block of ice.”可知，孩子们遇到的最后一个挑战是拿到被冻在冰里的钥匙。故选D。

2．词句猜测题。根据“We have to melt the ice”及“Travis pulled off his sweatshirt and wrapped（裏）it around the ice. ‘This keeps me warm,’ he reasoned.”可知，孩子们想找热的东西来融化冰，特拉维斯脱下了自己的运动衫，他强调这件运动衫可以让自己保持暖和，意在说明这件运动衫同样也可以让冰“暖和”，可以帮助融化冰。故选A。

3．词句猜测题。根据“Heat always flows from warm objects to cold ones. The heat in the air will eventually melt the ice”可知，热量总是从温暖的物体流向寒冷的物体，空气中的热量最终会融化冰，划线部分单词意为“最终地”，与finally同义。故选C。

4．最佳标题题。根据“They had to work out different kinds of problems within limited time to get out of a locked room.”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了三个小伙伴利用自己学过的知识突破重重关卡，最终成功走出上锁房间的故事，故“Running away from the Room”可作为本文标题。故选C。

（2022·四川绵阳·统考中考真题）At a snow park in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, Chinese teenage snowboarder Su Yiming won a silver in the men’s snowboarding competition on February 7. It was the first time that a Chinese snowboarder had ever competed in this event at any Olympics. Su was introduced to snowboarding at the age of 4 by his parents, who were both snowboarding fans. Su fell in love with the sport the first time they took him to a ski center. Later he kept on practicing after class. To save up more time for snowboarding, he would get up at 5 am and finish his homework early.

Su just saw snowboarding as a hobby in the beginning. However, on July 31, 2015 when he knew that Winter Olympics 2022 would be held in Beijing, his mind turned to professional（职业的）competition. He dreamed of joining in the Winter Olympics. And he decided to go professional.

In 2018 Su became a member of China’s national snowboarding team. In 2020 and 2021, he took home gold medals（奖牌）of all national competitions. In January 2021, he became the first Chinese man snowboarder to finish the Cab 1800—the most difficult snowboarding skill.

Behind his success is Su’s hard work. He has made full use of every chance to train more. Usually he arrived at the training center earlier than his teammates. In that way, he could practice more. He even broke several snowboards in one week because of heavy training.

After Su won his silver medal, his father Su Qun received an interview. He said that this would not be his son’s last Olympics and Su would do better in the future.

1．How did Su feel the first time he tried snowboarding?

A．Disappointed. B．Interested. C．Worried. D．Moved.

2．Why did Su decide to go professional?

A．His parents were snowboarding fans.

B．He could finish the most difficult skill.

C．He joined China’s national snowboarding team.

D．Winter Olympics 2022 would be held in Beijing.

3．When did Su become a national team member?

A．In 2022. B．In 2020. C．In 2018. D．In 2015.

4．What is the key to Su’s success?

A．Taking home gold medals. B．Training hard day and night.

C．Being the first to finish the Cab 1800. D．Getting much help from his teammates.

5．Which part is the text probably taken from in a magazine?

A．Sport. B．Travel. C．Health. D．Science.

（2022·四川宜宾·统考中考真题）Dreams really exist. But in the morning when you wake up, they are remembered just as a dream. That is what happened to me.

I always had the dream to dance. When I was young, I would dance around and around in the fields of wildflowers that grew in my backyard. Reality woke me up when I heard a voice saying, “I don’t know why you try to dance, Anna. You don’t have the talent to be a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).” Hearing that, I fell to the ground and cried for hours.

We lived in the countryside by a lake. My mother didn’t like anything because she thought nothing was ever perfect in her life. She dreamed of a different life but she ended up living in the countryside, far away from the city where she believed her dreams would come true.

I enjoyed hanging out by the water. I used to sit there for hours and stare at my reflection. Once the waves came, my reflection would be washed away, just like my dream to dance.

As I grew older, I began to realize my dream was even born because of something that was inside me. The dream I had was never cared for, so it slowly died. When I finally woke up from many years of dreaming, I realized that I couldn’t only dance in the wildflowers. I had to move on to the stage (舞台).

6．What is the writer’s dream?

A．To be a ballerina. B．To dance in the field.

C．To live in the city. D．To help her mother.

7．Why did Anna cry for hours?

A．She couldn’t sleep during the night. B．She couldn’t remember her dreams.

C．People didn’t let her dance in the yard. D．People didn’t think she was good at dance.

8．What can we know about Anna’s mother from Paragraph 3?

A．She achieved her dream. B．She wanted to live in the city.

C．She was satisfied with her life. D．She liked living in the countryside.

9．What did Anna usually do when hanging out by the water?

A．Dance by herself. B．Do some washing.

C．Find her lost dreams. D．Watch herself in the water.

10．What did Anna finally decide to do?

A．Let her dream die. B．Hold on to her dream.

C．Go back to the country. D．Live with her dear mother.

（2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）

Nan Hauser is a marine biologist(海洋生物学家). One day, she was filming near the ocean(海洋). As it was required, she went into the ocean and swam slowly toward some whales. Just then, a whale saw her, and suddenly charged at(猛冲) her.

Nan had worked in the ocean for 30 years and had never seen anything like it. She didn’t know what to do. So, she stayed away from it. But the whale had no idea of walking away. Just then, she saw some whales moving fast toward her. When she looked closer, there was also a big tiger shark. The whale tried his best to protect Nan. He hid Nan next to his face.

The whale pulled Nan with its head, and swam as fast as it could toward the boat. “I just rode the whale for about 10 minutes,” said Nan.

It was not until Nan was safely in the boat that the whale slowly moved away.

A year and 15 days later, to Nan’s surprise, she again saw the whale that had saved her life! Nan was only one meter away from him and she saw the scar(伤疤) on his head. She got on the boat and put her foot in the water and the whale stayed there for another 20 minutes. Finally, Nan told him the same thing she said last time: Thank you, I love you.

“It will always be a part of me. It will always have a place in my heart. I hope I can see it again because I really miss it.”

11．Why did Nan go into the ocean?

A．Because she was required to do so. B．Because she liked to swim in the ocean.

C．Because she wanted to see the whale. D．Because the whale wanted to see her.

12．How many years had Nan worked as a marine biologist in the ocean?

A．For a few years. B．For ten years. C．For twenty years. D．For thirty years.

13．What did Nan understand at last when she found a big tiger shark?

A．The whale wanted to fight against the shark. B．The shark wanted to eat the whale.

C．The whale wanted to protect Nan. D．The shark wanted to protect Nan.

14．How did Nan come back to her boat?

A．The whale killed the shark. B．Nan rode the whale back to her boat.

C．The shark sent her back to her boat. D．Nan swam as fast as she could to her boat.

15．What do we learn from the story?

A．Whales are our friends that need to be protected.

B．Whales are in danger from water pollution.

C．We should learn more about whales.

D．Whales are huge animals in the sea.

（2022·贵州遵义·统考中考真题）Today is June 26th, the International Anti-drug Day(国际禁毒日). When people talk about drug fighting, a name will probably appear in our minds—Lin Zexu, who is remembered as a national hero in China. Since 1839, we Chinese have always been fighting a great war against drugs.

Now, Peng Taizhen from Yunnan province has been supporting the work of drug fighting in her own way.

Peng’s husband, Zhang Congshun, was an anti-drug police officer. One day in 1994, when he was fighting with a group of drug criminals and trying to save his partner, he got seriously injured and died later. Peng had to raise their sons by herself.

All of her three sons became police officers after graduating from college. Sadly, her youngest son, Zhang Ziquan, lost his life at the age of 36 while he was working on a drug case in December, 2020.

“My husband died, leaving many unfinished things in crime fighting behind him. But we still have sons to continue along the way. If I had the chance choose again, I would still stand behind them firmly.” Peng said.

Peng Taizhen is truly a heroine, a great mother as well as a good wife. She has made such a great contribution(贡献) to anti-drug fighting!

16．Lin Zexu is remembered as a(an) _________ by us Chinese.

A．artist B．national hero

C．writer D．police officer

17．What did Peng’s husband die for?

A．Saving his partner. B．Helping his son.

C．Protecting the villagers. D．Fighting the virus.

18．Which statement is TRUE about Peng Taizhen?

A．Her husband died in December, 2020.

B．Her youngest son lost his life in 1994.

C．Only one of her sons is a police officer.

D．She is a very great wife and mother.

19．How many people mentioned in the passage have made great contributions to drug fighting?

A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5

20．What is the purpose of writing the passage?

A．To express our thanks to Ms. Peng

B．To know about Lin Zexu and his stories.

C．To remember the International Anti-drug Day.

D．To pass on the spirit of our drug-fighting heroes.

（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）

21．When was Liu Yang sent to space for the second time?

A．In 1978. B．In 2012. C．In 2021. D．In 2022.

22．There are ________ reasons why Tibet is well-known according to Text 2.

A．two B．three C．four D．five

23．Which picture shows the traditional art form mentioned in Text 3?

A．Picture A． B．Picture B． C．Picture C． D．Picture D．

24．Where can young people learn about the traditional Chinese art forms easily?

A．In space. B．In the Potala Palace.

C．On short video platforms. D．In Sweden and France.

25．Which one would be considered impolite in a business meeting in Sweden and France?

A．Putting your hands out of your pockets.

B．Shaking hands with business partners.

C．Wearing a suit with pockets.

D．Putting your hands in your pockets.

（2022·广西河池·统考中考真题）阅读短文，根据短文内容，从下面各小题所给的四个备选项中，选出最佳选项。

Su Bingtian ran into the record books at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games on August 1. He became the first Chinese to enter the men’s 100m final (决赛) at the Olympics. And with 9.83 seconds in the 100m semi-final (半决赛), he set a new Asian record.

Although he finished sixth, Su recorded a time of 9.98 seconds in the final, 0.18 seconds behind the winner Lamont Marcell Jacobs of Italy, who clocked 9.80 seconds. “Actually, I am very happy to run under 10 seconds twice in such a short time. Making it into the finals, I have already given all I have,” Su said after the race.

The last Chinese track-and-field athlete (田径运动员) to make history at the Olympics was Liu Xiang. Liu won a gold medal in the men’s 110m hurdles (跨栏赛) in Athens in 2004 and brought China its first Olympic gold medal in a men’s track-and-field event.

“If it wasn’t for Liu Xiang’s achievement, we’d never have thought that an Asian would step on the Olympic track-and-field final and even win the race,” Su said. “I hope my sixth place at the Olympic final will encourage more Chinese athletes to go forward.”

26．Su’s Bingtian became the ________ Chinese to enter the men’s 100m final at the Olympics.

A．first B．second C．third D．fourth

27．Su finished sixth in the final and it’s just ________ seconds behind the winner.

A．0.15 B．0.18 C．9.83 D．9.98

28．Su was very _________ to run under 10 seconds twice in such a short time.

A．tired B．bored C．worried D．glad

29．________ brought China its first Olympic gold medal in a men’s track-and-field event.

A．Lin Dan B．Ma Long C．Liu Xiang D．Su Bingtian

30．People mostly think that ________ seldom steps on the Olympic track-and-field final.

A．an Asian B．a European C．an American D．an African

（2022·山东东营·统考中考真题）When my sister Becky was young, she was bitten (咬) by a dog. From that day on, she didn’t like dogs. But all of that changed when my uncle had to be away for a week.

My uncle left his dog with us to take care of. The dog’s name was Rex, and he was huge. Poor Rex liked following my sister around very much. She hated that because of her fear of dogs.

One day, to get away from (摆脱) Rex, my sister tied him to a chair in the yard and went for a walk in the forest. She looked back and saw him pulling at his rope (绳), but he still stayed there.

While walking in the forest, Becky suddenly saw some wolves eating a deer(鹿) that had just been killed. Normally, wolves would not attack (攻击) a human, but when they are eating, they can be very dangerous, especially for a child.

Slowly, the wolves began to move towards Becky, making a circle around her. She was close to a tree, so she caught a lower branch (树枝) quickly and tried to climb up the tree. One of the wolves caught her foot. Luckily, she was able to pull herself up, but her foot was badly hurt. She shouted for help, but no one was around. She thought she was going to die. Suddenly, Rex appeared.

There he was, running through the forest, pulling the chair. It was not easy for Rex, but he made his way to Becky in the tree. He attacked the wolves, soon they ran off.

When Becky and Rex got home, everyone was shocked and happy that Rex had saved my sister. He licked (舔) her face as the doctor treated (治疗) her foot.

Now, Rex is my sister’s favorite friend in the world. The doctor told her, “A dog is a man’s best friend.” My sister smiled and added, “And a girl’s best friend, too.”

31．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)?

A．A dog bit her. B．Rex was huge. C．Rex followed her around. D．Her uncle left Rex with them.

32．The right order of the following statements is _________.

① Becky shouted for help

② Becky climbed up the tree

③ Becky saw Rex running to her

④ Becky was circled by wolves

A．②①④③ B．④②③① C．③④②① D．④②①③

33．Rex could beat wolves because he wanted to _________.

A．be a hero B．make Becky happy C．protect his owner D．get food from wolves

34．Why did Becky change her attitude to Rex? Because ________.

A．Rex was poor B．Rex saved her life C．Rex licked her face D．Rex attacked the wolves

35．According to the passage, what will most probably happen next?

A．Becky will often play with Rex. B．Becky will never go to the forest.

C．Becky would like Rex not to follow her. D．Becky will return Rex to her uncle happily.

（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）Peter loves baseball. Last summer, he helped coach a school baseball team. When he first watched the team of 12-year-olds play baseball, his first impressions were not really positive.

One player often left as soon as they started losing. Another player paid too much attention to all their mistakes during the game. Other boys preferred to dig up the grass when they weren’t in the play. A lot of boys threw their baseball bats when they lost the catch.

While their baseball skills improved over time with more practice, there were still problems with their all-important character. The team had a long way to go. For example, some boys were hard on those who made mistakes. Instead of being supportive or encouraging, they blamed (责怪) each other.

Peter started one-on-one talks with each player to discuss things that he had noticed. Some were about skills like holding the bat up higher or opening their eyes when they were making a catch. But most were about staying positive and supporting each other.

Slowly things began to change. The boys began to take the duties for their play instead of blaming others for mistakes. They stayed optimistic even when losing. The team culture was improving.

Players began encouraging each other, high-fiving and supporting teammates. Peter was especially pleased to see some of the boys taking leadership roles and having their own one-on-one talks with their teammates.

Peter doesn’t think he made huge progress in teaching the boys how to throw, catch or hit better, but he was pleased that their conversations around character led to something positive. Although the team still lost games, the players had stronger characters. Next season, their characters will be tested again.

36．When did Peter begin to help coach a school baseball team?

A．Last spring. B．Last summer. C．Last autumn. D．Last winter.

37．Paragraph 2 mainly tells us that the players had problems with their ________.

A．baseball skills B．baseball bats C．characters D．training

38．What does the underlined word “optimistic” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A．精益求精的 B．吹毛求疵的 C．悲观的 D．乐观的

39．What can we infer from the passage?

A．Peter’s efforts for the team work.

B．The team will win the next season.

C．The coach of the team wants to leave.

D．They’ll be many fights among the boys.

（2022·山东济宁·统考中考真题）When I got up this morning, I was so surprised to find a new watch on my desk. I couldn’t help crying.

I lost my old watch last Monday. It was a present from my father for my thirteenth birthday. I still don’t know where or how I lost it.

I felt really sad when I couldn’t find the watch. I stayed at school to look for it until very late.

When I came home, no one was there. At nine o’clock, Mom called back and told me that Dad was hit by a car on his way to look for me. He was sent to the hospital.

I went to the hospital that night and told Dad I was sorry. I also told him I lost my watch, but he did not get angry.

Dad’s left leg was badly hurt, and he stayed in the hospital for several days. He just came back home yesterday, and this morning I found the new watch.

Thank you, Dad, for loving me so much.

40．Why did the writer start crying this morning?

A．Because she got up too late. B．Because she had lost her watch.

C．Because her dad was in hospital. D．Because she was moved by her dad.

41．Where did the writer lose her watch?

A．Nobody knows. B．In the hospital. C．On the playground. D．On her way to school.

42．What happened to Dad while he was looking for her?

A．He suddenly fell ill. B．He lost his way.

C．He was hit by a car. D．He hit someone.

43．Who most probably bought the new watch?

A．Her mom. B．Her dad. C．Her friend. D．Her teacher.