高考英语完形填空专项训练

这是一份高考英语完形填空专项训练，共42页。

完形填空
It is Nobel Prize week, the one week every year when people from all corners of the globe celebrate science, read about ribosomes (核糖体), and give their best shot at trying to understand particle physics. It is also the one week when science is guaranteed some prime headline space on mainstream news outlets. And yet the science Nobels (in medicine, physics, and chemistry) present a(n) ___1___ view of science.
The problem starts with the ___2___ of prize-winners selected every year. The rules governing the Nobel Prize ___3___ it to just three winners in each category. This means that for every discovery that is awarded a Nobel, the majority of contributing scientists end up being ___4___.
As a matter of fact, science has never been a(n) ___5___ effort. Isaac Newton stood on the “shoulders of giants”; Neil Armstrong’s “one small step” was a dream realized by hundreds of thousands of engineers and scientists. Science is, and always has been, and repetitive process where individuals draw on discoveries made by others to ___6___ advance the boundaries of human knowledge. Yes, Albert Einstein famously won the Nobel Prize all by himself for a paper he alone authored, but he could not have made his discoveries without ___7___ work by Max Planck, James Maxwell, and several others.
To make matters worse, typical of the Nobel Prizes, none of the ___8___ was a first author on any of the publications cited by the prize announcements. The first author of a scientific paper is typically the person who did the hands-on laboratory work, usually a graduate student or young post-doctoral researcher. It is precisely these ___9___ researchers who are in greater need of the Nobel Prize money than their generally tenured (终身的) supervisors.
More basically, awarding the prizes to only three scientists spreads a vision of science as an individual enterprise. By ensuring that graduate students are not given ____10____ recognition, the prizes reinforce (加强) the mistaken image of a scientist as an old white man in a lab coat. This can only ____11____ gender and racial inequalities in science, especially further along in an academic career.
Any one of these reasons is sufficient to ____12____ the Nobel Prizes. Here is one idea: Award the Nobel Prizes not to ____13____ but for discoveries; donate the prize money to an international science fund to promote further exploration in each year’s prize-winning field of research.
A science-oriented Nobel, rather than a scientist-oriented one, would educate the public in the most important scientific developments and, ____14____, stimulate new scientific progress by using the prize money to fund the next generation of researchers. Science works best when the____15____ of one generation of scientists are paid forward to drive the next to even greater heights. That is to say, scientists of different generations work with joint efforts to support future scientific advancements for the betterment of society as a whole.
1．A．strange B．outdated C．all-round D．advanced
2．A．quality B．diversity C．discipline D．figure
3．A．restrict B．extend C．relate D．apply
4．A．employed B．ignored C．respected D．nominated
5．A．terrific B．constant C．intellectual D．individual
6．A．naturally B．rapidly C．gradually D．personally
7．A．previous B．subsequent C．physical D．commercial
8．A．employees B．addressees C．awardees D．refugees
9．A．chief-position B．early-career C．senior-management D．academic-world
10．A．due B．immediate C．literary D．governmental
11．A．turn down B．level off C．take away D．step up
12．A．claim B．reform C．present D．announce
13．A．organizers B．researchers C．sponsors D．supervisors
14．A．in fact B．in comparison C．in theory D．in turn
15．A．legends B．spirits C．achievements D．mysteries

It’s long been known that sugary drinks help people pack on unwanted kilograms. But new research suggests that ___16___ drinks and even 100% fruit juice might raise your risk for some cancers. The study couldn’t prove cause and effect, but it found that drinking as little as 90-120ml of sugary drinks each day was ___17___ to an 18% rise in overall risk for cancer.
The new study was led by Mathilde Touvier, research director at the University of Paris. Her team collected data on more than 100,000 French men and women, average age 42, who took part in a national ___18___.
The participants answered questions about how much of 3,300 different foods and drinks they consumed each day, and were ___19___ for up to nine years.
The study uncovered links between the consumption of sugary drinks and the risk of cancer___20___, and for breast cancer specifically. The investigators found no association between sugary drinks and prostate or colon cancers (前列腺或结肠癌), but the authors stressed that too few people in the study developed these cancers to make this finding ___21___. The research ___22___ no links between diet sodas (无糖汽水) and cancer, although more study is needed to confirm that, the authors noted.
The connection between sugary drinks and cancer remained the same even after the team ___23___for age, sex, educational level, family history of cancer, smoking and physical activity, the researchers said.
So, why the ___24___? According to Touvier’s team, high-calorie drinks may raise cancer risk because sugar helps build body fat, in addition to raising blood sugar levels and inflammation (发炎) — all of which are risk ___25___ for cancer. It’s also possible that chemicals found in these drinks might play a part in ___26___ cancer risk, the researchers theorized.
A group representing the drinks industry said sugary drinks can still be a part of the ___27___ diet, however. In a statement, the American Beverage Association said: “It’s important for people to know that all drinks — either with sugar or without — are ___28___ to consume as part of a balanced diet. America’s leading drinks companies are working together to support consumers’ efforts to ___29___ the sugar they consume from our drinks by providing more choices with less sugar or zero sugar, smaller package sizes and clear calorie information right up front.”
Samantha Heller is a senior clinical nutritionist at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City. She said she wasn’t ___30___ by the findings. She noted that, for decades, these drinks have been linked with diseases such as heart disease. On the other hand, “most of us should be drinking more water than we do,” Heller said.
16．A．iced B．mineral C．bottled D．sweetened
17．A．tied B．devoted C．reduced D．limited
18．A．game B．study C．ceremony D．examination
19．A．checked B．caged C．occupied D．followed
20．A．in general B．without exception C．on the contrary D．by accident
21．A．unreliable B．unexpected C．authoritative D．original
22．A．uncovered B．anticipated C．established D．hid
23．A．hunted B．adjusted C．prepared D．mounted
24．A．research B．similarity C．connection D．impact
25．A．behaviors B．assessments C．perceptions D．factors
26．A．explaining B．increasing C．preventing D．predicting
27．A．local B．nutritional C．average D．conventional
28．A．safe B．impossible C．exceptional D．effective
29．A．neutralize B．digest C．remove D．reduce
30．A．annoyed B．surprised C．embarrassed D．delighted

Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ____31____ with them lots of waste. The ____32____ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m ____33____ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon discover ____34____ much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ____35____ among tons of rubbish. I find a ____36____ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ____37____ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.
The best of a Kilimanjaro ____38____, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ____39____ as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as _____40_____ go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather _____41_____ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered _____42_____ thick grass. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland _____43_____: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks._____44_____ you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro _____45_____ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.
31．A．keep B．mix C．connect D．bring
32．A．stories B．buildings C．crowds D．reporters
33．A．silent B．skeptical C．serious D．crazy
34．A．that B．what C．which D．as
35．A．equipment B．grass C．camps D．stones
36．A．remote B．quiet C．tall D．clean
37．A．new B．special C．significant D．necessary
38．A．atmosphere B．experience C．experiment D．sight
39．A．studied B．observed C．explored D．regarded
40．A．scientists B．climbers C．locals D．officials
41．A．changes B．clears C．improves D．permits
42．A．into B．in C．with D．of
43．A．village B．desert C．road D．lake
44．A．Obviously B．Easily C．Consequently D．Finally
45．A．enjoy B．deserve C．save D．acquire

You have to make a speech. You have done your research and now have plenty of ideas bouncing around in your head that you want to get across. The big ___46___ you face at this point is how to organize those thoughts. Or perhaps you are planning to write a paper, and all you have is the main topic. You need to brainstorm some supporting ideas and then ___47___ how those ideas fit together.
These are just two cases that many people deal with ___48___. Some use outlining to flesh out and ___49___ their ideas, but is that the best strategy? If everyone thought in a linear (线性的) manner, then the answer would be yes, but most people don’t.
Enter mind mapping, a ___50___ that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another. This two-dimensional (二维的) ___51___ is designed to help you remember information because its format is easy for your mind to ___52___. Mind maps have proven to increase not only productivity and ___53___ but also memory. More than 250 million people worldwide use them, so why don’t you have a try and see what they are all about?
What is a mind map? Simply put, it is one’s ideas put into the form of a ___54___ diagram that starts with a central idea. Put this idea in a bubble (气泡) in the middle of a page with lines radiating out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts. It should look like a many-legged spider. Use words, short phrases or ____55____ to express your ideas. These associations often lead to other ideas that can be added at the same level or in smaller branches where ____56____. Use color-coded bubbles for a visual representation of each branch’s ____57____. You are now mapping your thoughts and ideas in the way your brain thinks.
Studies have shown that this technique of using pictures, colors and visual arrangement has improved people’s recall and memory of information by 10 to 15 percent. But it doesn’t stop there. Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement, ____58____ people to make more links and associations on topics of any kind. ____59____, it increases one’s productivity because mind mapping makes it easier to learn faster while communicating more effectively.
So whether you’re ____60____ a project or writing a research paper, make this technique a core part of your planning process!
46．A．purpose B．change C．question D．project
47．A．turn out B．take out C．give out D．figure out
48．A．consequently B．frequently C．entirely D．barely
49．A．organize B．express C．share D．spread
50．A．process B．foundation C．technique D．result
51．A．route B．structure C．objective D．direction
52．A．remember B．confirm C．draw D．design
53．A．confidence B．capacity C．efficiency D．creativity
54．A．vivid B．special C．visual D．normal
55．A．images B．sentences C．passages D．languages
56．A．obvious B．appropriate C．meaningful D．empty
57．A．function B．extension C．connection D．determination
58．A．encouraging B．enabling C．reminding D．informing
59．A．Additionally B．Sincerely C．Briefly D．Generally
60．A．in love with B．in terms of C．in favour of D．in charge of

Food-delivery firms are coming of age. Among teens and millennials, ordering food online is as ____61____ a habit as booking a room online. Just how ____62____ consumers are is clear from financial documents by DoorDash, America’s biggest food-delivery company. From January to September that year, it booked orders worth $16 billion, up by 198% year on year.
The majority of America’s 700,000 or so eateries now ____63____ by means of a delivery app. Modern life makes people rely more on convenience food, as more women work and everybody is ____64____ time. In doing so, it has also changed one of Silicon Valley’s most criticized business models.
Restaurants entered the digital world two decades ago when Takeaway.com in Europe and Grubhub in America put menus ____65____. Restaurants delivered the food themselves and the middlemen were reliably profitable. ____66____, the new “third-party logistics” firms like DoorDash and Uber Eats have to share the bills, which average around $30, three ways. Once drivers and restaurants take their ____67____, not much is left.
Until recently none of these startup firms made ____68____, even in emerging markets where labour costs are far lower. Lack of obvious economies of scale or barriers to entry meant several competitors were fighting over market share by offering diners ____69____ discounts — and bleeding red ink in the process. They also faced the prospect of a sharp _____70_____ in labour costs, as California passed a law that required companies to treat app-based workers as full employees.
_____71_____, the American firm’s numbers contained plenty to chew on. DoorDash is generating cash and is profitable on an adjusted basis. Its in-app ads business offers juicy margins. The company sees itself as the digital hub for the convenience economy, connecting merchants, customers and riders; the word “platform” arose 646 times in its filing. It has even started delivering groceries and convenience-store items and selling last-mile _____72_____ to other companies. Looking ahead, high unemployment amid a continuing economic downturn should mean lots of cheap labour.
Other facts are _____73_____ to swallow. DoorDash warns that growth will slow as more people are going back to work after the virus declined. The share prices of many listed digital firms that benefited from lockdowns and self-isolating consumers _____74_____ on the news of an effective vaccine (疫苗). And despite their critics’ defeat in California, gig firms (招临工的公司) will continue to face accusations of _____75_____ their workers. In this respect, DoorDash has already joined the club of listed tech platforms.
61．A．established B．cautious C．curious D．annoying
62．A．aim-oriented B．addicted C．excited D．well-informed
63．A．collect B．relay C．forecast D．distribute
64．A．friendly to B．experienced in C．short of D．responsible for
65．A．outside B．right C．online D．free
66．A．By contrast B．For instance C．To sum up D．In turn
67．A．edge B．role C．cut D．price
68．A．money B．calls C．complaints D．movement
69．A．trade B．generous C．mean D．cash
70．A．break B．division C．blow D．rise
71．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．However D．Consequently
72．A．advertising B．delivery C．insurance D．productivity
73．A．harder B．quicker C．easier D．slower
74．A．doubled B．last C．mounted D．fell
75．A．taking advantage of B．going along with C．looking out for D．putting up with

I haven’t received any formal training in swimming but was born and brought up in this area, so swimming comes naturally to me. We all play here in the____76____waters because we know it’s safe. But there are areas in this lake that are very deep and dangerous.
It was around sometime last year that a young girl was laughing and playing in the water. I saw her and remembered my____77____. I smiled and continued doing my work until I heard her____78____. I looked back at the waters, but I couldn’t see her—she had gone into the deep and had started to____79____. There were about 100 onlookers (旁观者) but no one moved an inch. I didn’t understand why no one was____80____ to do anything about it!
I couldn’t see her and I didn’t have a____81____where she was, but I just jumped in, hoping to find her. I saw her drowning in the deep and I swam towards her. The water there was heavy and fighting the____82____wasn’t easy, but I swam with all my might to save the girl and myself. At some point, I even felt like I wouldn’t____83____it because it was just too much. But I pushed myself harder and used all my strength until I finally____84____her.
I____85____her and pulled her out of the deep. When I reached the shore and put her near the steps, everyone praised my____86____but my only focus was to see whether she____87____.
Luckily, she started breathing____88____after a few minutes.
I became a good____89____after that, but the biggest lesson I learned from this is to never be an onlooker and to get up and make a____90____in one’s hour of need.
76．A．pure B．different C．shallow D．natural
77．A．childhood B．knowledge C．dream D．adventure
78．A．sing B．laugh C．whisper D．cry
79．A．drown B．struggle C．freeze D．swim
80．A．worried B．ready C．curious D．polite
81．A．choice B．problem C．clue D．word
82．A．conflict B．force C．danger D．wind
83．A．take B．make C．get D．chance
84．A．saw B．informed C．reached D．understood
85．A．caught hold of B．stared at C．kept track of D．listened to
86．A．inspiration B．experience C．honesty D．bravery
87．A．left B．regretted C．survived D．agreed
88．A．normally B．hurriedly C．hardly D．greatly
89．A．worker B．example C．swimmer D．signal
90．A．decision B．plan C．suggestion D．difference

I have used this idea a few times. Sending someone flowers, without signing the card or ___91___ in any way who they are from, is funny and amazing. The most ___92___ part of this act is that the receivers will think about all the people who care about them when they try to ___93___ who might send the flowers.
I ___94___ clearly the first time I did this. The intention was just to make Roy smile, but I did not add my ___95___ on the blessing card. He had a warm heart though he was not good at talking. When I was new, he gave me lots of ___96___ about my work and did all that he can to help me through my ___97___ years. I ___98___ to get his birthday from colleagues with some effort. I just wanted him to know he was thought about. The ___99___ of not signing the card was beyond expectation.
The whole office started to talk about Roy’s flowers as everyone tried to find out the ____100____ .He himself also joined the ____101____ of the searching team. He ____102____ his shyness and made contacts he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers.
Roy ____103____ found out it was me. The surprised smile on his face suggested that he didn’t ____104____ I would send him flowers. But he still expressed his ____105____ for my flowers and card. And I said it’s me that should thank him for his help, which brought smiles to both of our faces.
91．A．asking B．waiting C．showing D．knowing
92．A．helpful B．meaningful C．reasonable D．confusing
93．A．bring up B．turn to C．hear from D．figure out
94．A．planned B．recorded C．remembered D．imagined
95．A．status B．wishes C．address D．signature
96．A．orders B．instructions C．services D．choices
97．A．initial B．smooth C．wonderful D．careful
98．A．managed B．happened C．hesitated D．longed
99．A．cause B．result C．material D．assessment
100．A．maker B．helper C．sender D．seller
101．A．games B．ranks C．quarrel D．competition
102．A．hid B．realized C．overcame D．mentioned
103．A．partly B．finally C．secretly D．absolutely
104．A．expect B．notice C．confirm D．conclude
105．A．excuse B．apology C．cheer D．appreciation

Washington is home to lots of trees, fireplaces and wood-burning stoves. But what if you couldn’t chop ___106___ or couldn’t afford to pay someone to do it? ___107___,Shane McDaniel and his twin sons are happy to chop truckloads of wood—then donate it to those in need．
The ___108___ started as a father-son bonding project. “I had to cut wood with my dad. He just ___109___ doing it. ” says Shane. He wanted to ___110___ that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 chopping wood. The ___111___ was a great wall of wood piled up．
___112___ , it was too much for the McDaniels to use themselves, and when the weather turned cold that November, Shane started thinking of others. He ___113___ a photo of them and “Please help us help someone who ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFFORD IT.” on Facebook. The ___114___ was immediate. One man ____115____to donate a wood-burning stove. One woman, noticing the photo of the McDaniel men in the Facebook post, felt ____116____ “Please post more pictures. I don’t need the wood. ____117____ truly I appreciate the eye candy!”
Single mom Katelyn Ticer and her four-year-old daughter ____118____ a wood-burning stove as their sole source of heat, so it was a ____119____ to receive a truckload of firewood from the McDaniels. She told msn. com, “So much stress and anxiety is ____120____ my shoulders. I couldn’t be more thankful.”
Not every receiver is as ____121____. “Some aren’t even friendly. It’s just not in them. ” Shane says. “They are angry with the world and ____122____ that they had to ask for help. They just have no other option than ____123____.” But Shane is OK with that. “Giving is the ____124____,” he says. It has nothing to do with how well it’s received; it’s about how much it’s ____125____.
106．A．board B．trees C．bushes D．wood
107．A．Suddenly B．Fortunately C．Excitedly D．Surprisingly
108．A．connection B．issue C．idea D．impression
109．A．loved B．hated C．tried D．minded
110．A．pass along B．show off C．start with D．believe in
111．A．promise B．reason C．bonus D．outcome
112．A．Thoroughly B．Deliberately C．Previously D．Apparently
113．A．saw B．took C．posted D．searched
114．A．advice B．response C．arrangement D．analysis
115．A．failed B．appealed C．happened D．offered
116．A．desperate B．offended C．warm D．satisfied
117．A．Yet B．Or C．So D．And
118．A．gave back B．took over C．picked out D．counted on
119．A．burden B．chance C．relief D．trouble
120．A．off B．on C．from D．across
121．A．helpful B．enthusiastic C．hopeful D．careful
122．A．happy B．curious C．mad D．terrified
123．A．starving B．freezing C．wandering D．begging
124．A．reward B．success C．fault D．dilemma
125．A．ignored B．needed C．refused D．acknowledged

Making a family
For years, Dad had avoided raising a dog. Whenever the ___126___ came up, Dad said: “Dogs are a pain. I don’t want to be ___127___ .” Despite his opposition, Mom brought a puppy named Chip that transformed us all.
Instead of being a self—absorbed teenager, I began to have someone else to ___128___ . I had promised that if we got a dog, I’d be ___129___ , and I was. I fed and walked him every day. Chip taught me about ___130___ and consequences. I learned that it is rewarding to take care of others. And this ___131___ stayed with me as I grew.
Mom was always ___132___ to have someone to just sit and listen, but our busy family didn’t sit still for that. Chip would sit with Mom, ___133___ his head at times and looking into Mom’s eyes.
The biggest ___134___ was Dad’s. Dad was the first to allow him to sit on the sofa. He even made chew toys for him. Chip ____135____ Dad’s heart.
Chip united us. After dinner, we’d review ____136____ tricks or teach him new ones. We’d ____137____ funny stories of the cute things he’d done that day. The important thing is that we’d do this together as a ____138____ .
People sometimes ____139____ that pet lovers treat their pets too much like humans. It isn’t that they are abandoning humanity; rather, their pets stimulate the ____140____ of their humanity.
126．A．topic B．news C．question D．doubt
127．A．replaced B．defeated C．bothered D．monitored
128．A．rely on B．run after C．play with D．care for
129．A．sensible B．responsible C．ambitious D．generous
130．A．actions B．words C．effects D．costs
131．A．routine B．lesson C．habit D．hobby
132．A．dying B．unwilling C．disappointed D．annoyed
133．A．nodding B．lowering C．hanging D．raising
134．A．change B．challenge C．problem D．threat
135．A．protected B．followed C．softened D．hardened
136．A．previous B．complex C．simple D．basic
137．A．create B．cover C．share D．read
138．A．committee B．family C．company D．group
139．A．hope B．approve C．explain D．complain
140．A．darkness B．weakness C．future D．beauty

A few weeks ago, my 3-year-old granddaughter Frances asked, ‘‘Why don’t cardinals (红雀) migrate?” Frances’s question ___141___ me, not only because I had no idea what the ___142___ was but also because she knew enough to ask it. When I still ___143___ to find correct explanations after I had thought for a moment, Frances got bored with me and ___144___, intending to ask others.
Preschoolers love thinking about possible ___145___ of interesting things. They feel ___146___ to wonder about anything, and they do so with ___147___. However, after entering primary school, discouraged by most adults, including teachers, most children ___148___ asking how or why questions.
Fortunately, there’s no reason why we can’t all be lifelong learners. I’m 69, but I still experienced the same thrill of ___149___ I had as a child when I tried to ____150____ information on the Internet to answer Frances’s question about cardinals. I learned that Cardinals don’t migrate ____151____ they have enough food, and that they choose to stay together in winter months to keep them ____152____. After I learned about this, I was eager to see Frances again to ____153____ the knowledge with her while also ____154____ her further investigations.
By embracing children’s acts of wondering, you become their ____155____ in finding answers. Joining in the learning process, you will find countless opportunities to explore the colorful world all around you.
141．A．moved B．confused C．surprised D．worried
142．A．chance B．problem C．influence D．answer
143．A．struggled B．learned C．managed D．hesitated
144．A．held back B．gave in C．walked away D．put off
145．A．benefits B．solutions C．designs D．explanations
146．A．nervous B．disturbed C．embarrassed D．free
147．A．relief B．joy C．pity D．blessing
148．A．regret B．continue C．stop D．enjoy
149．A．challenge B．discovery C．doubt D．competition
150．A．collect B．hide C．supply D．write
151．A．until B．before C．because D．though
152．A．busy B．inspired C．delighted D．warm
153．A．compare B．study C．share D．create
154．A．promising B．encouraging C．permitting D．controlling
155．A．partners B．teachers C．employees D．learners

















参考答案：
1．B
2．D
3．A
4．B
5．D
6．C
7．A
8．C
9．B
10．A
11．D
12．B
13．B
14．D
15．C

【导语】本文是说明文。文章分析了诺贝科学奖存在的问题，并给出了解决办法。作者认为当一代科学家的成就被发扬光大，推动下一代科学家更上一层楼时，科学才能发挥最好的作用。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，诺贝尔科学奖(医学奖、物理学奖和化学奖)却呈现出一种过时的科学观。A. strange奇怪的；B. outdated陈旧的；过时的；C. all-round多才多艺的；D. advanced高级的。根据下文“The problem starts with the 　　2　　 of prize-winners selected every year.”可知，此处说明是一个问题，因此推断诺贝尔和平奖呈现出一种过时的科学观点。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个问题始于每年选出的获奖者的数量。 A. quality质量；B. diversity多样性；多样化；C. discipline纪律；训练；D. figure数字。根据下文“just three winners in each category”可知，此处说的是获奖者的数量。故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：管理诺贝尔奖的法规限制在每个类别中只有三名获奖者。A. restrict限制；B. extend延长；C. relate联系；D. apply申请。根据下文“This means that for every discovery that is awarded a Nobel, the majority of contributing scientists end up being 　　4　　.”可知，管理规定限制每个类别只有三名获奖者。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，对于每一个被授予诺贝尔奖的发现，大多数有贡献的科学家最终都被忽视。A. employed雇佣；B. ignored忽视；C. respected尊重；D. nominated提名；任命。根据前文“just three winners in each category”可知，每个类别仅有三名获奖者，因此大部分有贡献的科学家被忽视。故选B。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，科学从来不是个人的努力。A. terrific极好的；B. constant不断的；C. intellectual智力的；D. individual个人的。根据下文“Isaac Newton stood on the “shoulders of giants”; Neil Armstrong’s “one small step” was a dream realized by hundreds of thousands of engineers and scientists.( 艾萨克·牛顿站在“巨人的肩膀上”;尼尔·阿姆斯特朗的“一小步”是成千上万工程师和科学家实现的梦想。)”可知，科学不是个人的努力。故选D。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：科学一直以来都是一个重复的过程，在这个过程中，个人利用他人的发现，逐步推进人类知识的边界。A. naturally自然地；B. rapidly快速地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. personally亲自地。根据上文“Science is, and always has been, and repetitive process where individuals draw on discoveries made by others”可知，科学是个人利用他人的发现逐渐提高的。故选C。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦凭借他独自撰写的一篇论文获得了诺贝尔奖，但如果没有马克斯·普朗克、詹姆斯·麦克斯韦和其他几个人以前的工作，他就不可能有这些发现。A. previous以前的；B. subsequent随后的；C. physical身体的；D. commercial商业的。根据前文“Albert Einstein famously won the Nobel Prize all by himself for a paper he alone authored, but he could not have made his discoveries”可知，爱因斯坦利用了其他科学家以前的所做的工作。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，诺贝尔奖的典型特点是，没有一个获奖者是获奖公告中引用的任何出版物的第一作者。A. employees雇员；B. addressees地址；C. awardees受奖者；D. refugees难民。根据下文“The first author of a scientific paper is typically the person who did the hands-on laboratory work, usually a graduate student or young post-doctoral researcher.( 一篇科学论文的第一作者通常是亲自做实验室工作的人，通常是研究生或年轻的博士后研究员。)”可知，没有一个获奖者是获奖公告中引用的出版物的第一作者。故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这些初入职场的研究人员比他们的终身导师更需要诺贝尔奖奖金。A. chief-position首席位置；B. early-career早期职业生涯；C. senior-management高级管理人员；D. academic-world学术界。根据上文“usually a graduate student or young post-doctoral researcher”可知，这些都是初入职场的研究人员。故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过确保研究生没有得到应有的认可，这些奖项强化了科学家作为一个穿着实验室大褂的白人老头的错误形象。A. due预期的、应有的；B. immediate立刻的；C. literary文学的；D. governmental政府的。根据上文“typical of the Nobel Prizes, none of the 　　8　　 was a first author on any of the publications cited by the prize announcements. The first author of a scientific paper is typically the person who did the hands-on laboratory work, usually a graduate student or young post-doctoral researcher.”可知，研究生不能获得应有的认可，获得奖项。故选A。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这只会加剧科学领域的性别和种族不平等，尤其是在以后的学术生涯中。A. turn down拒绝；B. level off趋平；C. take away剥夺；拿走；D. step up使加快速度、加剧。根据前文“the prizes reinforce (加强) the mistaken image of a scientist as an old white man in a lab coat”可推断，这也加剧了科学领域的性别和种族不平等。故选D。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些理由中的任何一个都足以改革诺贝尔奖。A. claim声称、索取；B. reform改革；C. present赠送；D. announce宣布。上文讲述了诺贝奖项存在问题，结合下文内容“Here is one idea:…”可推断，诺贝尔奖需要改革。故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖不是颁给研究人员，而是颁给发现；将奖金捐赠给一个国际科学基金，以促进每年获奖研究领域的进一步探索。A. organizers组织者；B. researchers研究人员；C. sponsors赞助商；D. supervisors监督者。根据下文“donate the prize money to an international science fund to promote further exploration in each year’s prize-winning field of research”可知，诺贝尔奖不要颁发给研究者个人。故选B。
14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一个以科学为导向的诺贝尔奖，而不是以科学家为导向的诺贝尔奖，将在最重要的科学发展中教育公众，转而，通过使用奖金资助下一代研究人员，刺激新的科学进步。A. in fact实际上；B. in comparison比较；C. in theory理论上；D. in turn转而。根据前后文语境可知，以科学为导向的诺贝尔奖可以教育公众，转而奖金可以资助下一代研究人员，刺激科学进步。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一代科学家的成就被发扬光大，推动下一代科学家更上一层楼时，科学才能发挥最好的作用。A. legends传说；B. spirits精神；C. achievements成就；D. mysteries神秘。根据下文“to drive the next to even greater heights”可知，要发扬广大一代科学家的成就，推动下一代科学家，科学才能发挥最好的作用。故选C。
16．D
17．A
18．B
19．D
20．A
21．C
22．A
23．B
24．C
25．D
26．B
27．C
28．A
29．D
30．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，含糖饮料甚至纯果汁可能会增加你患某些癌症的风险。这项研究无法证明因果关系，但它发现，每天喝90-120毫升含糖饮料与患癌症的整体风险增加18%有关。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但新的研究表明，含糖饮料甚至纯果汁可能会增加你患某些癌症的风险。A. iced加冰的；B. mineral矿物的；C. bottled瓶装的；D. sweetened有甜味的。呼应后文“90-120ml of sugary drinks”指含糖的甜饮料。故选D。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究无法证明因果关系，但它发现，每天喝90-120毫升含糖饮料与患癌症的整体风险增加18%有关。A. tied系；B. devoted奉献；C. reduced减少；D. limited限制。根据后文“to an 18% rise in overall risk for cancer”指每天喝90-120毫升含糖饮料与患癌症的整体风险增加18%有关，为短语be tied to表示“有关系”。故选A。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的团队收集了超过10万名平均年龄为42岁的法国男性和女性的数据，他们参加了一项全国性的研究。A. game游戏；B. study研究；C. ceremony仪式；D. examination考试。此处呼应上文“The new study”指全国性研究。故选B。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：参与者回答了关于他们每天食用3300种不同食物和饮料数量的问题，并被跟踪调查了长达9年。A. checked检查；B. caged关入笼里；C. occupied占据；D. followed跟随。根据后文“for up to nine years”可知，参与者被进行了跟踪调查。故选D。
20．考查介词短语辨析。句意：该研究揭示了含糖饮料的摄入与一般癌症风险，特别是乳腺癌风险之间的联系。A. in general通常；B. without exception没有例外；C. on the contrary相反；D. by accident偶然。后文“and for breast cancer specifically”提到了特别是乳腺癌，可知本句是在说明一般癌症风险。故选A。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员没有发现含糖饮料与前列腺癌或结肠癌之间的联系，但作者强调，研究中患这些癌症的人太少，这使得这一发现具有权威性。A. unreliable不可靠的；B. unexpected意外的；C. authoritative权威的；D. original起初的。根据上文“but the authors stressed that too few people in the study developed these cancers to make this finding”可知，作者强调，研究中患这些癌症的人太少，这使得这一发现具有权威性。故选C。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该研究没有发现无糖汽水和癌症之间的联系，尽管需要更多的研究来证实这一点，作者指出。A. uncovered揭开，发现；B. anticipated预期；C. established建立；D. hid隐藏。根据后文“ although more study is needed to confirm that, the authors noted”可知，该研究没有发现无糖汽水和癌症之间的联系。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员说，即使研究小组调整了年龄、性别、教育水平、癌症家族史、吸烟和体育活动等因素，含糖饮料和癌症之间的联系仍然保持不变。A. hunted打猎；B. adjusted调整；C. prepared准备；D. mounted安装。根据后文“for age, sex, educational level, family history of cancer, smoking and physical activity”可知，即使研究小组调整了年龄、性别、教育水平、癌症家族史、吸烟和体育活动等因素，含糖饮料和癌症之间的联系仍然保持不变。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，为什么会有这种联系呢？A. research研究；B. similarity相似性；C. connection联系；D. impact影响。呼应上文“The connection between sugary drinks and cancer”指含糖饮料和癌症之间的联系。故选C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据图维耶的研究小组称，高热量饮料可能会增加患癌症的风险，因为糖有助于身体脂肪的生成，此外还会提高血糖水平和炎症，这些都是患癌症的风险因素。A. behaviors行为；B. assessments评估；C. perceptions认知；D. factors因素。根据上文“high-calorie drinks may raise cancer risk because sugar helps build body fat, in addition to raising blood sugar levels and inflammation”可知，高热量饮料可能会增加患癌症的风险，因为糖有助于身体脂肪的生成，此外还会提高血糖水平和炎症，这些都是患癌症的风险因素。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员推断，这些饮料中发现的化学物质可能会增加患癌症的风险。A. explaining解释；B. increasing增加；C. preventing阻止 ；D. predicting预测。根据上文“chemicals found in these drinks”可知，这些饮料指的是上文提到的含糖高的饮料，所以其中发现的化学物质可能会增加患癌症的风险。故选B。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，一个代表饮料行业的组织表示，含糖饮料仍然可以成为普通饮食的一部分。A. local当地的；B. nutritional营养的；C. average平均的，普通的；D. conventional传统的。后文提到所有的饮料——无论是含糖的还是不含糖的——都是安全的，可以作为均衡饮食的一部分饮用，说明含糖饮料仍然可以成为普通饮食的一部分。故选C。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：重要的是，人们要知道，所有的饮料——无论是含糖的还是不含糖的——都是安全的，可以作为均衡饮食的一部分饮用。A. safe安全的；B. impossible不可能的；C. exceptional卓越的；D. effective有效的。根据后文“as part of a balanced diet”可知，可以作为均衡饮食的一部分饮用说明是安全的。故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国领先的饮料公司正在共同努力，通过提供更多的低糖或零糖选择，更小的包装尺寸和明确的卡路里信息，支持消费者减少从我们的饮料中摄入的糖的努力。A. neutralize抵消；B. digest消化；C. remove去除；D. reduce减少。根据后文“by providing more choices with less sugar or zero sugar, smaller package sizes and clear calorie information right up front”可知，提供更多的低糖或零糖选择，更小的包装尺寸和明确的卡路里信息，是为了支持消费者减少从饮料中摄入的糖的努力。故选D。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，她对这些发现并不感到惊讶。A. annoyed生气的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. delighted高兴的。根据后文“She noted that, for decades, these drinks have been linked with diseases such as heart disease. On the other hand, “most of us should be drinking more water than we do,” Heller said.(她指出，几十年来，这些饮料一直与心脏病等疾病有关。另一方面，“我们大多数人应该比现在喝更多的水，”海勒说)”可知，她对这些发现并不感到惊讶。故选B。
31．D
32．C
33．B
34．A
35．C
36．D
37．C
38．B
39．D
40．B
41．A
42．C
43．B
44．D
45．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕人与自然的主题，讲述了乞力马扎罗山环境遭到破坏的现状，同时也介绍了它独特的生态系统，旨在呼吁人们去保护这一奇观。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们带来了大量的垃圾。A. keep保存；B. mix混合；C. connect连接；D. bring带来。根据首段第一句“Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro”和下文的“The ____2____ might damage the beauty of the place.”可知，此处指他们带来了大量垃圾。故选D项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。根据首段第一句中的“40,000 people”可知，此处指人群可能破坏了这个地方的美景。故选C项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方持怀疑态度——其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。A. silent沉默的；B. skeptical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。上文提到乞力马扎罗山已经遭到破坏，所以“我”对这个地方开始持怀疑态度。故选B项。
34．考查宾语从句。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地在成吨垃圾中的报道以来，情况已经发生了很大变化。A. that连接词；B. what……的东西；C. which哪一个；D. as正如。分析句子结构，从句位于动词discover后，故为宾语从句，从句中不缺主、宾、表和定语，且不缺意义，故用连接词that起连接作用即可。故选A项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地中成吨垃圾中的报道以来，情况已经发生了很大变化。A. equipment设备；B. grass草地；C. camps营地；D. stones石头。根据下文的“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知，此处指营地里有很多垃圾。此处camps为原词复现。故选C项。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我找到了一座干净的山，营地和小路上都有厕所。A. remote远的；B. quiet安静的；C. tall高的；D. clean干净的。上文提到营地里有很多垃圾的情况已经发生了很大变化，此处旨在说明乞力马扎罗山营地的变化，故应是发现了一做干净的山，与之前的情况作对比。故选D项。
37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：环境挑战是重大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在取得成效。A. new新的；B. special特别的；C. significant重要的、巨大的；D. necessary有必要的。由上文的“tons of rubbish”可知，此处指环境的挑战是巨大的。故选C项。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，在乞力马扎罗山最好的体验并不是到达山顶。A. atmosphere气氛；B. experience经历、体验；C. experiment实验；D. sight视力、景色。结合句意，“到达山顶”不是一种气氛、实验或景色，是一种登山的体验。故选B项。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在许多文化中，山被视为精神之所。A. studied学习；B. observed观察；C. explored探索；D. regarded被认为。根据下文“as spiritual places by many cultures.可知，在许多文化中，山被视为精神之所。 ”固定短语be regarded as表示“被认为是……”符合句意和题干as的提示。故填D项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种情况在乞力马扎罗山特别明显，因为登山者们在几千米的路上要经过五个生态系统。A. scientists科学家；B. climbers登山者；C. locals当地人；D. officials官方。下文对生态系统具体的描述中不难感受到，符合登山者们一路向上的过程。故选B项。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：再往上走，天气就变了。A. changes改变；B. clears澄澈；C. improves改善；D. permits允许。破折号后具体说明了天气的变化情况，依然在描述天气变了。故选A项。
42．考查介词词义辨析。句意：再往上走，天气就变了——低云笼罩着长满茂密草的山坡。A. into里面；B. in在……里；C. with用；D. of……的。固定短语be covered with意为“被覆盖”，符合句意和题干。故选C项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：4000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石，石头和岩石。A. village村庄；B. desert沙漠；C. road路；D. lake湖泊。结合常识和“gravel(砾石), stones and rocks”可知，只有沙漠上才会充满砾石，石头和岩石。故选B项。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终你会爬到北极一样的区域。A. Obviously显然；B. Easily容易地；C. Absolutely绝对；D. Finally最终。根据下文“you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.”可知，最终你会爬到北极一样的区域。这里已经描述到了山的最上部，至此自然环境的变化也就不再继续了。故选D项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乞力马扎罗山是否因为成群结队的游客破坏了和平的气氛而配得上“拥挤的山”的名声？A. enjoy享受；B. deserve配得上；C. save节省；D. acquire获得。作者在这里质疑该山是不是应该被誉为“拥挤的山”这一名号，以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故选B项。
46．C
47．D
48．B
49．A
50．C
51．B
52．A
53．D
54．C
55．A
56．B
57．C
58．B
59．A
60．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了思维导图以及思维导图在发表演讲、写研究论文或负责项目中的使用。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时，你面临的最大问题是如何组织这些想法。A. purpose目的；B. change改变；C. question问题；D. project项目。根据下文“how to organize those thoughts”可知，如何组织这些想法是你面临的最大问题。故选C。
47．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你需要集思广益，想出一些支持性的想法，然后弄清楚这些想法是如何结合在一起的。A. turn out结果是；B. take out取出；C. give out释放；发出；D. figure out弄清楚。根据上文“You need to brainstorm some supporting ideas and then”可知，你需要想出一些支持性的想法，然后弄清楚这些想法是如何结合在一起的。故选D。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这只是许多人经常处理的两个案例。A. consequently结果；B. frequently频繁地；经常；C. entirely完全地；D. barely仅仅；勉强；几乎不。根据上文“just two cases”以及常识可知，这只是许多人经常处理的两个案例。故选B。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人用大纲来充实和组织他们的想法，但这是最好的策略吗？A. organize组织；B. express表达；C. share分享；D. spread传播。根据上文“how those ideas fit together”可知，此处指用大纲来组织想法。故选A。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：进入思维导图，这是一种显示不同想法和事实如何相互关联的技术。A. process过程；B. foundation基础；C. technique技术；技巧；D. result结果。根据下文“that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another”可知，此处指在给思维导图下定义，思维导图是一个技巧。故选C。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种二维结构旨在帮助你记住信息，因为它的格式很容易让你的大脑记住。A. route路线；B. structure结构；C. objective目的；D. direction方向。根据空前的“two-dimensional ”可知，思维导图是一个二维结构。故选B。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. remember记住；B. confirm证实；C. draw画画；D. design设计。根据下文“help you remember information”可知，思维导图的格式很容易让你的大脑记住，remember是原词复现。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：思维导图不仅能提高生产力和创造力，还能提高记忆力。A. confidence自信心；B. capacity能力；C. efficiency效率；D. creativity创造力。根据下文“Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement”以及常识可知，思维导图能提高生产力和创造力，还能提高记忆力。故选D。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：简单地说，就是将一个人的想法以一个中心思想开始的视觉图表的形式表达出来。A. vivid生动的；B. special特殊的；C. visual视觉的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“Put this idea in a bubble (气泡) in the middle of a page with lines radiating out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts. (将这个想法放在页面中间的气泡中，线条向包含相关主题或概念的其他气泡辐射。)”可知，思维导图是以视觉图表的形式表达出来的。故选C。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：用单词、短语或图片来表达你的想法。A. images图像；形象；B. sentences句子；C. passages通道；章节；D. languages语言。根据下文“Studies have shown that this technique of using pictures, colors and visual arrangement has improved people’s recall and memory of information by 10 to 15 percent. (研究表明，这种使用图片、颜色和视觉排列的技术使人们对信息的回忆和记忆提高了10%至15%。)”以及常识可知，思维导图是用单词、短语或图片来表达你的想法。故选A。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些关联通常会导致其他想法，这些想法可以在同一级别或适当的较小分支中添加。A. obvious明显的；B. appropriate合适的；C. meaningful有意义的；       D. empty空的。根据空前“in smaller branches”可知，这些想法可以在同一级别或适当的较小分支中添加。故选B。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：使用颜色编码的气泡可以直观地表示每个分支的联系。A. function功能；B. extension拓展；延申；C. connection联系；D. determination决心。根据下文“Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement, 　　13　　 people to make more links and associations on topics of any kind.”可知，使用颜色编码的气泡可以直观地表示每个分支的联系。connection与是links and associations同义词复现。故选C。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：空间的安排激发了创造力，使人们能够在任何类型的主题上建立更多的联系和联想。A. encouraging鼓励；B. enabling使能够；C. reminding提醒；D. informing告知。根据上文“Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement”可知，空间的安排激发了创造力，从而使人们能够在任何类型的主题上建立更多的联系和联想，此处是现在分词作结果状语。故选B。
59．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，它还提高了一个人的生产力，因为思维导图可以更容易地更快地学习，同时更有效地交流。A. Additionally此外；B. Sincerely真诚地；C. Briefly简要地；D. Generally通常。根据上文“Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement”以及下文“it increases one’s productivity”可知，此处应用additionally表示递进关系。故选A。
60．考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以，无论你是负责一个项目还是写一篇研究论文，都要把这项技术作为你计划过程的核心部分！A. in love with爱上；B. in terms of就……而言；C. in favour of赞成；D. in charge of负责。根据上文“You have to make a speech. You have done your research.”可知，无论你是负责一个项目还是写一篇研究论文，都要把这项技术作为你计划过程的核心部分！故选D。
61．A
62．B
63．D
64．C
65．C
66．A
67．C
68．A
69．B
70．D
71．C
72．B
73．A
74．D
75．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网上订餐的兴起和外卖公司面临的机遇和挑战。
61．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在青少年和千禧一代中，在网上订餐已经成为一种已确立的习惯，就像在网上预订房间一样。A. established已确立的，确定的；B. cautious小心的，谨慎的；C. curious好奇的；D. annoying令人恼火的。根据句中“as...a habit as booking a room online”可知，网上订餐与网上预订房间一样，已经是一种确定的习惯。故选A项。
62．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从美国最大的外卖公司DoorDash的财务文件中，我们可以清楚地看到消费者对食物的着迷程度。A. aim-oriented目标导向的；B. addicted上瘾的，着迷的；C. excited激动的；D. well-informed消息灵通的；见多识广的。根据下文“From January to September that year, it booked orders worth $16 billion, up by 198% year on year.”可知，外卖公司的订单同比增长198%，说明消费者对食物非常着迷。故选B项。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国大约70万家餐馆中的大多数现在都通过配送应用程序进行配送。A. collect收集；B. relay传递；C. forecast预测；D. distribute分发。根据句中“by means of a delivery app”可知，通过应用程序进行配送。故选D项。
64．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：现代生活使人们更加依赖于方便食品，因为越来越多的女性工作，每个人都缺乏时间。A. friendly to对……友好；B. experienced in在……方面有经验；C. short of缺乏；D. responsible for为……负责。根据句中“more women work”可推知，越来越多传统上负责准备食物的女性走向职场，所以大家时间都变得忙起来，都缺时间。故选C项。
65．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：20年前，当欧洲的Takeaway. com和美国的Grubhub将菜单放在网上时，餐馆进入了数字世界。A. outside外边的；B. right正确的；C. online在线的，网上的；D. free免费的。根据句中“Restaurants entered the digital world”可推知，Takeaway. com和Grubhub将菜单放到网上。故选C项。
66．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，新的“第三方物流”公司，如DoorDash和Uber Eats，必须分担平均约30美元的账单，分三份。A. By contrast相比之下；B. For instance例如；C. To sum up总之；D. In turn反过来。上文讲传统的餐馆自己配送食物，与下文中新的第三方配送公司相比较，上下文有对比关系。故选A项。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦司机和餐馆拿走了他们的份额，就所剩无几了。A. edge边，边缘；B. role角色，作用；C. cut份额；D. price价格。根据上文“to share the bills, which average around $30, three ways”可知，收益要分成三份，司机、餐馆和第三方配送公司用各自的份额。故选C项。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到最近，这些初创公司都没有赚钱，即使是在劳动力成本低得多的新兴市场。A. money钱；B. calls电话；C. complaints抱怨；D. movement移动。根据上文“Once drivers and restaurants take their 　　7　　, not much is left.”可知，司机和餐馆拿走自己的份额后，剩下的就不多了，所以这些初创公司没有赚钱。故选A项。
69．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：由于缺乏明显的规模经济效益或进入壁垒，几家竞争对手通过向食客提供慷慨的折扣来争夺市场份额，并在此过程中造成亏损。A. trade贸易；B. generous慷慨的，大方的；C. mean吝啬的，小气的；D. cash现款。根据句中“fighting over market share”可推知，为了争夺市场份额，这些公司会给食客提供慷慨的折扣。故选B项。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们还面临劳动力成本大幅增加的前景，因为加州通过了一项法律，要求公司将使用应用程序的员工视为正式员工。A. break打破；B. division分开；C. blow刮，吹；D. rise增加。根据句中“California passed a law that required companies to treat app-based workers as full employees”可推知，加州通过法律要求公司将使用应用程序的员工视为正式员工，所以公司成本会增加。故选D项。
71．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这家美国公司的数据中有很多值得考虑的地方。A. Moreover 此外，而且；B. Therefore因此，所以；C. However然而，可是；D. Consequently因此，结果。上文提到这些初创公司都没有赚钱，而且公司成本将面临增加的可能，下文“the American firm’s numbers contained plenty to chew on. DoorDash is generating cash and is profitable on an adjusted basis.”却说美国公司DoorDash在调整后实现盈利，上下文有转折关系。故选C项。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它甚至开始向其他公司运送食品杂货和便利店商品，并向其他公司提供“最后一英里送货服务”。A. advertising广告活动；B. delivery递送，投递；C. insurance保险；D. productivity生产率，生产力。根据句中“It has even started delivering groceries and convenience-store items”可推知，公司提供的是送货服务。故选B项。
73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他事实则难以接受。A. harder更难的；B. quicker更快；C. easier更简单；D. slower较慢的。根据下文“DoorDash warns that growth will slow as more people are going back to work after the virus declined.”描述了公司可能面临的困难，所以难以接受。故选A项。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多受益于封锁和消费者自我隔离的上市数字公司的股价在有效疫苗的消息发布后下跌。A. doubled加倍；B. last持续，持久；C. mounted爬上；D. fell降落，落下。根据句中“digital firms that benefited from lockdowns and self-isolating consumers”可知，这些公司受益于与疫情相关的封锁和消费者自我隔离，所以“有效疫苗的消息”发布后，这些公司股票会下跌。故选D项。
75．考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管批评人士在加州失败了，招临工的公司将继续面临利用员工的指控。A. taking advantage of利用；B. going along with陪……一起去；C. looking out for留心，提防；D. putting up with忍受，容忍。根据句中“critics”和“accusations”可知，招临工的公司遭到批评和指控，是因为它们利用员工。故选A项。
76．C
77．A
78．D
79．A
80．B
81．C
82．B
83．B
84．C
85．A
86．D
87．C
88．A
89．B
90．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在湖边工作，遇到了一个女孩溺水了，没有人施救。于是作者跳了下去，把女孩救了起来。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都在浅水里玩耍，因为我们知道那里很安全。A. pure纯的；B. different不同的；C. shallow浅的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“because we know it’s safe”可知，安全的是浅水，与后文“But there are areas in this lake that are very deep and dangerous.(但这个湖里有些地方很深，很危险)”相对应。故选C。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到她，想起了我的童年。A. childhood童年；B. knowledge知识；C. dream梦想；D. adventure冒险。根据上文“a young girl was laughing and playing in the water(一个年轻的女孩在水里笑着玩)”可知，作者看到年轻的女孩，想起自己的童年。故选A。
78．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我微笑着继续做我的工作，直到我听到她哭喊。A. sing唱歌；B. laugh笑；C. whisper低语；D. cry哭泣。根据后文“she had gone into the deep and had started to”可知，女孩溺水了，所以是听到哭喊声。故选D。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回头看了看水，但我看不见她——她已经沉到水里，快要淹死了。A. drown溺水；B. struggle挣扎；C. freeze冻结；D. swim游泳。根据上文“she had gone into the deep and had started to”可知，她已经沉到水里，快要淹死了。故选A。
80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不明白为什么没有人准备对此采取行动！A. worried担心的；B. ready准备好的；C. curious好奇的；D. polite礼貌的。根据上文“There were about 100 onlookers but no one moved an inch.(大约有100名旁观者，但没有一个人动一动)”可知，没有人准备对此采取行动。故选B。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看不见她，也不知道她在哪里，但我就跳了进去，希望能找到她。A. choice选择；B. problem问题；C. clue线索；D. word单词。上文提到女孩沉到了水里，所以是不知道位置，短语have a clue表示“知道”。故选C。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：水的压力很大，与力量斗争不容易，但我用尽全力游泳，救了那个女孩和我自己。A. conflict冲突；B. force暴力，力量；C. danger危险；D. wind风。根据上文“The water there was heavy and fighting the”可知，水的重力很大，应用force。故选B。
83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我甚至觉得我做不到，因为这太难了。A. take带走；B. make制作、成功；C. get得到；D. chance碰巧。根据后文“it because it was just too much”可知，作者一度认为自己做不到，make it表示“成功”。故选B。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我更努力地鞭策自己，用尽我所有的力量，直到我到了她跟前。A. saw看见；B. informed通知；C. reached到达；D. understood理解。根据后文“her and pulled her out of the deep”可知，作者到了女孩所在的位置。故选C。
85．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我抓住她，把她从水里拉了出来。A. caught hold of抓住；B. stared at凝视；C. kept track of追踪；D. listened to听。根据后文“her and pulled her out of the deep”可知，作者抓住了溺水的女孩。故选A。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我到达岸边，把她放在台阶旁时，每个人都称赞我的勇敢，但我唯一关注的是看她是否能活下来。A. inspiration灵感；B. experience经历；C. honesty诚实；D. bravery勇敢。根据上文“everyone praised my”以及作者救了女孩，可知大家称赞作者的勇敢。故选D。
87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我到达岸边，把她放在台阶旁时，每个人都称赞我的勇敢，但我唯一关注的是看她是否能活下来。A. left离开；B. regretted后悔；C. survived幸存；D. agreed同意。结合后文提到“she started breathing”说明作者关心的是女孩是否能活下来，故选C。
88．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，几分钟后她开始正常呼吸了。A. normally正常地；B. hurriedly匆忙；C. hardly几乎不；D. greatly非常。根据上文“Luckily, she started breathing”可知，幸运的是，几分钟后溺水的女孩开始正常呼吸了。故选A。
89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我成了一个很好的榜样，但我从中学到的最大的教训是永远不要做一个旁观者，在需要的时候站起来，做出改变。A. worker工人；B. example例子、榜样；C. swimmer游泳者；D. signal信号。作者英勇救人，所以成了好的榜样，故选B。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我成了一个很好的榜样，但我从中学到的最大的教训是永远不要做一个旁观者，在需要的时候站起来，做出改变。A. decision决定；B. plan计划；C. suggestion建议；D. difference差异。根据后文“in one’s hour of need”指在需要的时候站起来，做出改变，为短语make a difference表示“有影响，起作用”。故选D。
91．C
92．B
93．D
94．C
95．D
96．B
97．A
98．A
99．B
100．C
101．B
102．C
103．B
104．A
105．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者通过匿名送花给身边的人来给他们制造惊喜，也想让他们知道他们是受到关注的。送花既表达了作者对曾经帮助过他的人的感谢，也温暖了那些收到花的人。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：给别人送花，却不在卡片上签名，也不指明是谁送的，这既有趣又神奇。A. asking问；B. waiting等待；C. showing表明；D. knowing知道。根据后文“The most 　　2　　 part of this act is that the receivers will think about all the people who care about them when they try to 　　3　　 who might send the flowers.”可知，收到花的人不知道谁给他们送花，因此作者在送花时，既没有在卡片写自己的名字，也不指明是他送的。故选C项。
92．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一行为最有意义的部分是，当接收者试图弄清楚谁会送花时，他们会想到所有关心他们的人。A. helpful有帮助的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. reasonable合理的；D. confusing令人疑惑的。根据后文“the receivers will think about all the people who care about them when they try to 　　3　　 who might send the flowers.”可知，收到花的人会想关心他们的人中会有谁送花，而这正是做这件事最有意义的部分，能让他们知道有人在关心他们。故选B项。
93．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这一行为最有意义的部分是，当接收者试图弄清楚谁会送花时，他们会想到所有关心他们的人。A. bring up抚养，提出；B. turn to转向；C. hear from收到来信；D. figure out弄清楚。根据前文“the receivers will think about all the people who care about them”以及后文“The whole office started to talk about Roy’s flowers as everyone tried to find out the 11 .”可知，收到花的人会把所有可能的人都猜个遍，就是想弄清楚是谁给他们送的花。故选D项。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我清楚地记得我第一次这样做。A. planned计划；B. recorded记录；C. remembered记得；D. imagined想象。根据后文“The 5 was just to make Roy smile, but I did not add my 6 on the blessing card. He had a warm heart though he was not good at talking.”可知，此处作者在回忆第一次这样做的情形，再结合前文的“clearly”可知，作者对这件事印象深刻，记得很清楚。故选C项。
95．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这么做的目的是想让罗伊笑一笑，但我没有在祝福卡上签名。A. status地位；B. wishes愿望；C. address地址；D. signature签名。根据后文“The 10 of not signing the card was beyond expectation.”可知，作者没有在祝福卡片上留自己名字。故选D项。
96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我刚来的时候，他给了我很多关于我工作的指示，并尽他所能帮助我度过最初的几年。A. orders命令；B. instructions用法说明，指示；C. services服务；D. choices选择。根据前文“When I was new”可知，作者刚来的时候，什么都不了解，所以罗伊给作者在工作上的指示和帮助。故选B项。
97．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我刚来的时候，他给了我很多关于我工作的指示，并尽他所能帮助我度过最初的几年。A. initial期初的；B. smooth顺利的；C. wonderful极好的；D. careful小心的。根据前文“When I was new”可知，作者是在刚来那几年得到了罗伊的帮助，罗伊给作者在工作上的指导。故选A项。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过一番努力，我设法从同事那里了解到了他什么时候过生日。A. managed管理，经营；B. happened发生；C. hesitated犹豫；D. longed渴望。根据后文“I just wanted him to know he was thought about.”可知，作者为了让罗伊感受到他被关注而设法从同事那里获得他生日的相关信息。故选A项
99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有在卡片上签名的结果出乎意料。A. cause原因；B. result结果；C. material物质；D. assessment评估。根据后文“The whole office started to talk about Roy’s flowers as everyone tried to find out the 11 . He himself also joined the ranks of the searching team.”可知，作者匿名送花后引发大家对是谁送的花的热烈讨论，都想找出送花者，而罗伊本人也想知道是谁送花给他。因此，这个结果是作者料想不到的。故选B项。
100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个办公室开始谈论罗伊的花，因为每个人都试图找出送花人。A. maker制作者；B. helper帮手；C. sender发送者；D. seller卖家。根据后文“He himself also joined the ranks of the searching team.”可知，罗伊加入大家一起来找出是谁送的花。故选C项。
101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他本人也加入了搜索队伍。A. games游戏；B. ranks等级，队伍；C. quarrel争吵；D. competition竞争。根据后文“of the searching team”可知，他也加入了搜寻的队伍。故选B。
102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他克服了自己的羞怯，联系了那些他很久没有联系的人，看看是否是他们送来的鲜花。A. hid躲藏；B. realized意识到；C. overcame克服；D. mentioned提到。根据后文“made contacts he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers.”可知，为了找出送花者，罗伊联系了好久没有联系过的人，因此可知他克服了他的羞怯。故选C项。
103．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，罗伊发现是我送的花。A. partly部分地；B. finally最终地；C. secretly秘密地；D. absolutely绝对地。根据前文“He 12 his shyness and made contacts he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers.”可知，罗伊是通过了一番努力后才知道是我送的花，因此是终于知道了送花者是我。故选B项。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他脸上惊讶的笑容表明他没想到我会给他送花。A. expect预料；B. notice注意；C. confirm确认；D. conclude总结。根据前文“The surprised smile on his face”可知，当罗伊知道是我送的花时，他感到很惊讶，因此他没有料想到我会送花给他。故选A项。
105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是他还是对我送的花和卡片表示感谢。A. excuse借口；B. apology道歉；C. cheer振奋；D. appreciation感激。根据后文“And I said it’s I that should thank him for his help, which brought smiles to both of our faces.”可知，作者受到罗伊的感谢。故选D项。
106．D
107．B
108．C
109．A
110．A
111．D
112．D
113．C
114．B
115．D
116．C
117．A
118．D
119．C
120．A
121．B
122．C
123．B
124．A
125．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是谢恩·麦克丹尼尔（Shane McDaniel）给需要木材的人捐赠木柴的事迹，他们一家的行为温暖着很多人。
106．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如果你不会砍柴，或者没钱雇人砍柴呢？ A. board木板；B. trees树木；C. bushes灌木丛；D. wood木头。根据上文中的“Washington is home to lots of trees, fireplaces and wood-burning stoves.”可知，华盛顿有很多树木、壁炉和燃木炉，由此可推断此处指的是“砍柴”。故选D项。
107．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，谢恩·麦克丹尼尔和他的双胞胎儿子很乐意砍一卡车的木头，然后把它们捐给那些需要帮助的人。A. Suddenly突然；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Excitedly兴奋地；D. Surprisingly惊讶地。根据上文中的“But what if you couldn’t chop ___1___ or couldn’t afford to pay someone to do it?”并结合下文中的“Shane McDaniel and his twin sons are happy to chop truckloads of wood—then donate it to those in need.”可知，对那些无法砍柴或者雇不起人砍柴的人来说是“幸运地”。故选B项。
108．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个想法最初是一个父子之间的亲密项目。A. connection联系；B. issue问题；C. idea想法；D. impression印象。根据上文中的“Shane McDaniel and his twin sons are happy to chop truckloads of wood—then donate it to those in need．”可知，将砍的柴捐给需要的人是他们的“想法”。故选C项。
109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我不得不和爸爸一起砍柴。他就是喜欢这样做。”谢恩说。A. loved喜欢；B. hated憎恨；C. tried尝试；D. minded介意。根据下文中的“so he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 chopping wood.”可知，他2018年夏天都在砍柴，说明这是他“喜欢”做的事情。故选A项。
110．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他想把这种感觉传递下去，所以他和双胞胎在2018年夏天砍柴。A. pass along传递；B. show off炫耀；C. start with以……开始；D. believe in相信。根据下文中的“so he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 chopping wood.”可知，他与双胞胎儿子在2018年一个夏天在砍柴，是要这对双胞胎儿子也要继承下去，所以此处表示“传递”。故选A项。
111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果就堆成了一堵木头墙。A. promise承诺；B. reason原因；C. bonus奖金；D. outcome结果。根据下文中的“a great wall of wood piled up”并结合上文砍了一个夏天的柴可知，此处指的是砍柴的“成果”。故选D项。
112．考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，麦克丹尼尔一家自己用不了这么多木柴，当11月天气转冷时，谢恩开始为别人着想。A. Thoroughly彻底地；B. Deliberately故意地；C. Previously以前地；D. Apparently明显地。根据下文中的“it was too much for the McDaniels to use themselves”并结合上文中的木头墙可知，他们自己烧很“显然”是太多了。故选D项。
113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他上传了一张他们的照片，并写道:“请帮助我们帮助那些需要柴火但买不起的人”在Facebook上。A. saw看见；B. took带走；C. posted发布，邮寄；D. searched搜查。根据下文中的“Please post more pictures.”可知，此处指的是将照片“发布”在Facebook上。故选C项。
114．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们立即做出了反应。A. advice建议；B. response回应；C. arrangement安排；D. analysis分析。根据下文中的“One man ___10___to donate a wood-burning stove.”可知，此处指的是发布信息后的“回应”。故选B项。
115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名男子提出捐赠一个燃木火炉。A. failed失败；B. appealed吸引；C. happened发生；D. offered提供。根据下文中的“to donate a wood-burning stove.”以及语境可知，此处指的是一名男子“主动”提出捐赠一个火炉。故选D项。
116．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一位女士注意到Facebook帖子中麦克丹尼尔父子的照片，感到很温暖，“请多发些照片。我不需要木头。但我真的很欣赏这个花瓶！”。A. desperate绝望的；B. offended不舒服的；C. warm温暖的；D. satisfied满意的。根据下文中的“___12___ truly I appreciate the eye candy!”可知，这位女士看到McDaniel一家的照片很温馨，所以想再多看一些这样的照片。故选C项。
117．考查连词词义辨析。句意：一位女士注意到Facebook帖子中麦克丹尼尔父子的照片，感到很温暖，“请多发些照片。我不需要木头。但我真的很欣赏这个花瓶！”。A. Yet然而；B. Or或者；C. So所以；D. And和。根据上文“I don’t need the wood.”与下文“truly I appreciate the eye candy!”的句意可知，两句话间为转折关系。故选A项。
118．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：单身母亲凯特琳·提瑟和她四岁的女儿靠烧木柴的炉子取暖，所以从麦克丹尼尔家收到一卡车柴火让她们松了一口气。A. gave back归还；B. took over接管；C. picked out挑出；D. counted on依赖。根据上文中的“a wood-burning stove as their sole source of heat”可知，火炉是她们唯一的供热源，，所以此处指的是她们“依赖”烧木柴的炉子取暖。故选D项。
119．考查名词词义辨析。句意：单身母亲凯特琳·提瑟和她四岁的女儿靠烧木柴的炉子取暖，所以从麦克丹尼尔家收到一卡车柴火让她们松了一口气。A. burden负担；B. chance机会；C. relief轻松；D. trouble麻烦。根据下文中的“to receive a truckload of firewood from the McDaniels.”可知，她们仅靠烧柴炉取暖，又是一单身妈妈带着4岁的女儿，有了麦克丹尼尔家的木柴会感到“轻松”了很多。故选C项。
120．考查介词词义辨析。句意：她告诉msn. com，“太多的压力和焦虑都从我的肩膀上消失了。我感激不尽。”。A. off关闭，从……脱离；B. on打开；C. from来自于；D. across穿过。根据上文中的“so it was a ___14___ to receive a truckload of firewood from the McDaniels.”以及语境可知，她们有了木柴，帮她们解决了后顾之忧，焦虑与压力就从肩上“消失”了。故选A项。
121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：并不是每个接收者都如此热情。A. helpful乐于助人的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. careful小心的。根据下文中的“Some aren’t even friendly”以及语境可知，有些人收到帮助后不友好，由此可知，此处指的是并不是每人都很“热情”接受帮助。故选B项。
122．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“有些人甚至不友好。只是不仅在他们身上。”谢恩说。A. happy快乐的；B. curious好奇的；C. mad疯的；D. terrified害怕的。根据上文中的“They are angry with the world”可知，他们对这个世界很愤怒，由此可知他对自己不得不寻求帮助而“愤怒”。故选C项。
123．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们对这个世界感到愤怒，对自己不得不寻求帮助感到愤怒。除了冷冻，他们别无选择。A. starving挨饿；B. freezing冷冻；C. wandering漫游；D. begging乞求。结合语境可知，烧柴取暖是冬天的事情，所以此处指的是他们除了“冻死”别无选择。故选B项。
124．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“给予就是奖赏，”他说。A. reward奖励；B. success成功；C. fault错误；D. dilemma困境。根据上文中的“But Shane is OK with that.”可知，他觉得这些人的反应无所谓，他认为给予就是“奖励”。故选A项。
125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这与它被接受的程度无关；而是关于需要多少。A. ignored忽视；B. needed需要；C. refused拒绝；D. acknowledged承认。根据上文中的“It has nothing to do with how well it’s received”以及语境可知，他冬季给别人送木柴是为了帮助需要帮助的人，所以他认为与被接受的程度无关，而是与有多么被“需要”有关。故选B项。
126．A
127．C
128．D
129．B
130．A
131．B
132．A
133．D
134．A
135．C
136．A
137．C
138．B
139．D
140．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者的爸爸一直反对养狗，但是在妈妈带回来一只小狗后，作者承诺去照顾他，而且他还真正做到了对小狗负责。而爸爸也发生了很大改变，渐渐喜欢了这只狗。作者一家会分享有关这只狗的有趣故事，小狗把他们一家联系到一起。
126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当提到这个话题，爸爸总是说:“狗是个麻烦。我不想被打扰。”A. topic话题；B. news新闻；C. question问题；D. doubt怀疑。由上文“For years, Dad had avoided raising a dog.”和下文“Dogs are a pain”可知，爸爸不愿意养狗，所以每当提起养狗这个话题时，爸爸总会说，“狗是个麻烦”，故选A。
127．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当提到这个话题，爸爸总是说: “狗是个麻烦。我不想被打扰。”A. replaced替代；B. defeated击败；C. bothered打扰；D. monitored监管。由上文“Dogs are a pain”可知，爸爸认为狗是个麻烦，会打扰他的生活，故选C。
128．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我开始要照顾其他人，而不是一个以自我为中心的青少年。A. rely on依靠；B. run after追逐；C. play with和……玩耍；D. care for关心；照顾。由上文“Instead of being a self—absorbed teenager,”可知，作者不再是一个以自我为中心的青少年，他开始照顾别人，故选D。
129．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我答应过如果我们养了狗，我会负责的，我做到了。A. sensible理智的；B. responsible负责任的；C. ambitious有雄心的；D. generous大方的。由上文“Instead of being a self—absorbed teenager,”和下文“I fed and walked him every day.”可知，作者不再是一个自私的人，而是一个有责任心的人，他开始照顾狗，对狗负责，故选B。
130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：奇普教会了我行为和后果。A. actions行为；B. words单词；C. effects影响；D. costs花费。由下文“I learned that it is rewarding to take care of others.”和上文提到的作者开始照顾狗，变得有责任心可知，此处指照顾狗的行为让作者有所收获，即变得有责任心，故选A。
131．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我的成长，这一课一直伴随着我。A. routine路线；B. lesson课、教训；C. habit习惯；D. hobby爱好。由上文“I learned that it is rewarding to take care of others.”可知，照顾狗的行为让作者学到了一些东西，这一课（教训）一直伴随着作者成长，故选B。
132．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：妈妈总是渴望有人坐下来听她讲话，但是我们忙碌的一家不会坐下来倾听。A. dying垂死的、渴望的；B. unwilling不乐意的；C. disappointed失望的；D. annoyed恼怒的。由下文“to have someone to just sit and listen,”可知，妈妈总是渴望有人坐下来听她讲话，be dying to do固定搭配，意为“渴望做”，故选A。
133．考查动词词义辨析。句意：奇普会和妈妈坐在一起，时不时抬起头，看着妈妈的眼睛。A. nodding点头；B. lowering降低；C. hanging悬挂；D. raising提高；抬高。由下文“his head at times and looking into Mom’s eyes.”可知，奇普会时不时抬起头，看着妈妈的眼睛，故选D。
134．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最大的变化是爸爸的（改变）。A. change改变；B. challenge挑战；C. problem问题；D. threat威胁。有下文“Dad was the first to allow him to sit on the sofa.”和第一段提到的爸爸拒绝养狗可知，自从养了奇普后，爸爸是第一个允许奇普坐在沙发上的，由此可知，爸爸变化最大，故选A。
135．考查动词词义辨析。句意：奇普让爸爸心软了。A. protected保护；B. followed跟随；C. softened使变软；D. hardened变硬。由上文“Dad was the first to allow him to sit on the sofa. He even made chew toys for him.”可知，刚开始爸爸拒绝养狗，后来爸爸是第一个允许奇普坐在沙发上的，且给奇普制作咀嚼玩具，这说明奇普让爸爸的心变得柔软，故选C。
136．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：晚饭后，我们会复习以前的把戏或者教他新的把戏。A. previous以前的；B. complex复杂的；C. simple简单的；D. basic基本的。由上文“review”可知，复习的应该是以前学过的把戏，故选A。
137．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们会分享他那天做的那些可爱事情的有趣故事。A. create制作；B. cover覆盖；C. share分享；D. read读。由下文“funny stories of the cute things he’d done that day.”可知，此处指分享故事，故选C。
138．考查名词词义辨析。句意：重要的是我们作为一个家庭来一起做这件事。A. committee委员会；B. family家庭；C. company公司；D. group集团。由上文“We’d____13___funny stories of the cute things he’d done that day.”可知，作者一家分享关于奇普的故事，这是作为一个家庭一起做的事，故选B。
139．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们有时会吐槽宠物爱好者对待他们的宠物太像人类了。A. hope希望；B. approve赞成；C. explain解释；D. complain抱怨。由下文“that pet lovers treat their pets too much like humans.”和下文“It isn’t that they are abandoning humanity;”可知，此处指人们有时会抱怨（吐槽）宠物爱好者对待他们的宠物太像人类了，故选D。
140．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这并不是说他们抛弃了人性，相反，他们的宠物激发了他们人性的美。A. darkness黑暗；B. weakness虚弱；C. future未来；D. beauty美丽；美好。由上文“It isn’t that they are abandoning humanity; rather, their pets stimulate the”中的rather可知，前后内容是相反的，作者认为宠物爱好者对待他们的宠物太像人类，并不是他们抛弃了人性，而是宠物激发了他们人性的美。故选D。
141．B
142．D
143．A
144．C
145．D
146．D
147．B
148．C
149．B
150．A
151．C
152．D
153．C
154．B
155．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了3岁的孙女问作者问题一事，这也引发了作者的思考：如何培养孩子的好奇心？
141．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：弗朗西丝的问题把我弄糊涂了，不仅因为我不知道答案是什么，而且因为她有足够的知识去问这个问题。A. moved感动的；B. confused困惑的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. worried担心的。根据“not only because I had no idea what the ___2___ was but also because she knew enough to ask it.”可知，孙女问作者的问题把作者弄糊涂了。故选B。
142．考查名词词义辨析。句意：弗朗西丝的问题把我弄糊涂了，不仅因为我不知道答案是什么，而且因为她有足够的知识去问这个问题。A. chance机会；B. problem问题；C. influence影响；D. answer答案。根据“I had no idea what the ”可知，作者不知道孙女问的问题的答案。故选D。
143．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我想了一会儿还在苦苦寻找正确的解释时，弗朗西丝厌倦了我，走开了，打算问别人。A. struggled努力；B. learned学习；C. managed管理；D. hesitated犹豫。struggle to do sth努力做某事。根据“after I had thought for a moment,”可知，作者在努力寻找正确的解释。故选A。
144．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我想了一会儿还在苦苦寻找正确的解释时，弗朗西丝厌倦了我，走开了，打算问别人。A. held back抑制；B. gave in屈服；C. walked away走开；D. put off推迟。根据“intending to ask others.”可知，因为孙女没有得到答案，所以走开了。故选C。
145．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学龄前儿童喜欢思考有趣事物的可能解释。A. benefits好处；B. solutions解决方法；C. designs设计；D. explanations解释。根据“When I still ___3___ to find correct explanations after I had thought for a moment,”可知，学龄前儿童都一般喜欢思考有趣事物的可能解释。故选D。
146．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们可以自由地思考任何事情，而且他们是带着快乐这么做的。A. nervous紧张的；B. disturbed不安的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. free自由的。根据“wonder about anything,”可知，学龄前儿童可以自由地思考任何事情。故选D。
147．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可以自由地思考任何事情，而且他们是带着快乐这么做的。A. relief减轻；B. joy高兴；C. pity可惜；D. blessing祝福。根据“Preschoolers love thinking about possible ___5___ of interesting things.”可知，因为学龄前儿童喜欢思考，所以是带着快乐思考的。故选B。
148．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，进入小学后，大多数成年人，包括老师都不鼓励，大多数孩子不再问“如何”或“为什么”这样的问题。 A. regret遗憾；B. continue继续；C. stop停止；D. enjoy喜欢。stop doing sth.停止做某事。根据“asking how or why questions.”和常识可知，进入小学后，孩子不再问“如何”或“为什么”的问题。故选C。
149．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我今年69岁了，当我试图在互联网上收集信息来回答弗朗西丝关于红衣主教的问题时，我仍然体验到了一个小孩对这种新发现的兴奋。A. challenge挑战；B. discovery发现；C. doubt怀疑；D. competition竞争。根据“I had as a child when I tried to ___10___ information on the Internet to answer Frances’s question about cardinals.”可知，作者如今仍然仍然能体验到一个小孩对一种新发现（自己不知道的问题的答案）的兴奋。故选B。
150．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我今年69岁了，当我试图在互联网上收集信息来回答弗朗西丝关于红衣主教的问题时，我仍然体验到了一个小孩对这种新发现的兴奋。A. collect收集；B. hide隐藏；C. supply提供；D. write写。根据“information on the Internet to answer Frances’s question about cardinals.”可知，作者是在网上收集到的答案。故选A。
151．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我了解到红雀不会迁徙是因为它们有足够的食物，它们选择在冬天呆在一起取暖。A. until直到；B. before在……之前；C. because因为；D. though尽管。根据“they have enough food,”可知，作者了解到红雀不会迁徙是因为它们有足够的食物。故选C。
152．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我了解到红雀不会迁徙是因为它们有足够的食物，它们选择在冬天呆在一起取暖。A. busy繁忙的；B. inspired有灵感的；C. delighted高兴的；D. warm温暖的。根据“and that they choose to stay together in winter months”可知，红雀选择在冬天呆在一起取暖。故选D。
153．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我得知此事后，我渴望再次见到弗朗西丝，与她分享知识，同时鼓励她进一步调查。A. compare比较；B. study学习；C. share分享；D. create创造。根据“the knowledge with her”可知，作者渴望与孙女一起分享知识。故选C。
154．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我得知此事后，我渴望再次见到弗朗西丝，与她分享知识，同时鼓励她进一步调查。A. promising答应；B. encouraging鼓励；C. permitting允许；D. controlling控制。根据“her further investigations.”可知，作者想鼓励孙女进一步调查，寻找问题的答案。故选B。
155．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过拥抱孩子们的好奇行为，你就成为他们寻找答案的伙伴。A. partners伙伴；B. teachers老师；C. employees员工；D. learners学习者。根据“After I learned about this, I was eager to see Frances again to ___13___ the knowledge with her while also ___14___ her further investigations.”可知，作者希望成年人能够成为孩子一起寻找答案的伙伴。故选A。