上海高考英语概要写作专项训练

这是一份上海高考英语概要写作专项训练，共22页。试卷主要包含了Directins等内容，欢迎下载使用。

概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The definition of innovative thinking is the ability to come up with new ideas and novel approaches to problems. It is about being creative and flexible.
In the beginning, you should never worry about an idea being “not good enough” or even “silly”. It only takes a minute or two to come up with the next idea. What matters is that you give yourself the creative freedom to brainstorm lots of ideas. That way, the less-good ones can help lead you on to something that’s truly innovative.
You might think that you’d be at your most creative with a blank canvas and the freedom to do anything you want. However, that usually isn’t the case. Creativity actually thrives with limits. Limits can be anything: time, resources, capabilities, or even the type of ideas you’re focusing on.
All too often, inspiration comes when you’re not actively chasing it. Actually, only 3% of people’s best ideas come to them while they’re at their desk. Schedule breaks into your week. Time away doesn’t have to be spontaneous and putting it on your calendar means it’s more likely to happen.
It’s crucial to have a system for collecting and managing your ideas. Although you’re convinced you won’t forget a brilliant idea, you might forget an idea that only seems average—and yet that idea could be just the one you need six months down the line.
It’s easy for innovation to be stifled if you want to get everything just right from day one. Come up with a simplified version of one of your ideas, put it into practice and try it as an experiment for a limited period of time without being too attached to the outcome. Pick an idea to try as a 30-day experiment. If that’s too long, try 14 or 7 days.
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2．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. Click to download teacher
“Books will soon disappear in schools,” Thomas Edison announced in 1913: they would, he believed, soon be replaced by silent films. Each new wave of information technology - radio, television, computers - has led to similar predictions.
Like teachers, digital educational technology comes in many forms, from wonderful to awful. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools - especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or both.
According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub - Saharan African countries, half of nine - year - olds cannot read a simple word and three - quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. As for the absence of teachers, if expensive teachers do not turn up to class, government would, surely, fire them? Easier said than done. Poor governments often lack the money to check on teachers in distant villages.
Several recent studies suggested - tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on ed - tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers prompts about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Technology is no cure - all. Good traditional teachers are not outdated, and are never likely to be. And authorities need to hold teachers to account. But ed - tech can help greatly - by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, making up for the failings of the worst.
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3．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
IKEA, known around the world as a supplier of furniture and other home goods, is taking steps to protect the environment. By 2030 IKEA plans to be a circular business, one whose products can all be reused or recycled rather than thrown away. To achieve this goal, the company is redesigning all of its products. How can it design products that will last longer and be easier to fix and that people can recycle when they are finished with them? By answering these questions, IKEA hopes to improve the sustainability of its business model.
IKEA wants people to be able to repair its products rather than throw them away when something goes wrong. To accomplish that goal, the company is standardizing the parts, materials and colors that it uses. This means that if a part needs to be replaced, it will be easy to find. In the past IKEA has only offered spare parts for some products; now it is greatly expanding the number of spare parts customers can purchase. This makes it feasible for customers to repair their own furniture. IKEA is also redesigning the parts of its products that are most likely to wear out quickly.
To extend the life of its products, IKEA is trying to make their maintenance easier. It is also making its products easier to take apart and transport, so the furniture is less likely to break when being moved or changing hands.
Sometimes people replace their furniture not because there is something wrong with it, but because their needs have changed. So IKEA is also trying to help people keep furniture for a longer time by making it easy to modify. Some pieces can be expanded or reduced in size as family members and guests come and go. Others have covers that can be exchanged for different look.
But even with all these efforts, it is likely that certain products will eventually no longer be usable. At that point they can be remanufactured — the pieces reassembled (重新组装) into something new-or recycled. And IKEA is designing products to make these processes easier. The company is also working to reduce waste in other areas, such as packaging and food waste from restaurants inside its stores.
These efforts to reduce the number of IKEA products that are abandoned and thrown in landfills will help create a more environmentally friendly economy.
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4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
What Causes Déja Vu?
It’s a frightening feeling: You walk into a place you know you’ve never been before but are overwhelmed by a sense of familiarity-a memory you can’t quite reach. Has this all happened before? Most people experience ‘this sensation, known as déjà vu, at some point in their lives. It’s a hard feeling to study, though, because it tends to arise spontaneously and be shaken off easily.
Déjà vu means “already seen” in French, a term possibly coined by French philosopher Émile Boirac. In a 2009 study, Cognitive psychologist Anne Cleary of Colorado State University and her colleagues found that viewing these sneakily similar scenes was more likely to cause feelings of déjà vu than viewing dissimilar scenes-suggesting that perhaps there is some environmental trigger for the brain to call out, “Hey, I recognize that!” even when it’s never seen the scene before.
While Cleary’s research shows that a slight familiarity can result in déjà vu, Akira Robert O’Connor, a cognitive psychologist at the University of St. Andrews says, in spontaneous déjà vu cases, it’s quite possible that the familiarity feeling is random. Supporting this random-misfire hypothesis is the fact that young people actually experience more déjà vu than older people. Younger brains are a little more excitable, more likely to fire more quickly rather than holding back, O’Connor says.
Older people may also be less adept (擅长的)fact-checkers when false feelings of familiarity arise, says Chris Moulin, a cognitive neuropsychologist at the Grenoble Alpes University. Older adults still recognize such false familiarity. “It’s not perhaps that older adults are not generating false familiarity, ” Moulin says. “It’s just that they don’t have, anymore, that certainty that what they’re experiencing is false. ”
This is a normal part of aging, not the conflation (合并)of déjà vu with reality that people with dementia (老年痴呆症)may experience. So enjoy the feeling of having felt it all before while it lasts, Generation Z.
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5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Zaha Hadid
Born in Iraq in 1950, Zaha Hadid was the first woman to win the Pritzker prize, the field’s highest honor. But for years, she had to fight to prove that her designs could even be built. She was a pioneer in Deconstructivism: Designing buildings that looked unstable, jagged, or frozen in mid-explosion. She gained a reputation for her gorgeous, fantastical designs—painted by hand. But her ideas looked impossible to build, so they remained on paper.
Then, in 1983, she won a big competition to design a club in the hills of Hong Kong. Hadid proposed carving chunks out of the mountainside, which she called a “man-made geology.” The project was eventually canceled, but the world of architecture then knew her name.
Still, it took another decade before one of her concepts actually got built: A fire station in Germany with no right angles; looking like it could take flight. It was a great success—quickly becoming a prime example of Deconstructivist architecture.
Around the same time, she won an international competition to design an opera house in Wales, but it was overruled by local politicians, and the funding was pulled. Later, Hadid said it was resistance and prejudice that killed the project.
But she kept winning competitions, building momentum—and finally, buildings! By the early 2000s, she was an architecture superstar. She still drew by hand, but adopted new computer technology to model her designs. The software made even wilder shapes possible—including the curves that became her signature. A Hadid design was no longer crazy or impossible—it was simply a Hadid.
Sadly, she died of a heart attack in 2016. By then she had built hundreds of buildings, with many more in progress. And she had proved she could build nearly anything she could imagine.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
Cities in the Sea
They may be small, but they build big things! Coral polyps (珊瑚虫), which live in the warm, shallow parts of the Earth’s oceans, are probably the biggest builders on the planet. Coral polyps turn calcium from seawater into a hard material called limestone. Slowly, they build up a hard skeleton (骨架) around their bodies. When polyps die, their skeletons remain. Young polyps attach themselves to the old skeletons and make new skeletons. Over time, weird and wonderful shapes are slowly built up into amazing coral reefs (珊瑚礁).
Scientists sometimes think of coral reefs as underwater cities. A quarter of all known marine species live in reef habitats―there are nearly a thousand coral species. Reefs are also home to millions of sea creatures, like fish, crabs, turtles, and sharks.
Humans don’t live in coral reef cities, but we benefit from them. Reefs create jobs for people in the fishing industry and other related businesses. Coral reefs are also popular for divers一many countries benefit from the tourists that they attract. Lastly, chemicals from reef creatures help scientists create new medicines, which help doctors treat different illnesses.
Coral reefs are very important, yet we don’t take good care of them. Environmental problems have already killed about twenty percent of the world’s reefs. About half of the remaining reefs are dying, and experts believe all of Earth’s coral reefs will be in danger by 2050.
Why are the reefs in such trouble? For one thing, people catch too many reef fish and often damage the reefs—divers sometimes break off pieces of coral.
Polluted water also causes problems because reef-destroying algae grows in dirty water. Even air pollution hurts coral reefs. Global warming causes warmer ocean water, which can cause polyps to lose helpful algae. Without that algae, coral turns white. This is called "bleaching”，and if it continues, the coral dies.
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7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own word as far as possible.
Cooperative learning May Change Your Mind about Group Work
Two heads are better than one. It means that two people working together have a better chance of solving a problem than one person alone. But not everyone likes working with others   ---especially when that means working in a group.
There can be a number of reasons why people dislike group work. Some may feel nervous or uneasy in group situations. Others might have had a bad experience with individuals who did not work well as a team. Another criticism is that teachers or supervisors fail to assign roles to group members. This may create a situation where everyone or no one wants to lead. Whatever the issue, the result is the same: the group does not realize its goal.
Cooperative learning is an educational method that can help to solve this problem. There are many methods of cooperative learning. One of them is to each person in a small group a specific duty to reach a shared goal. For example, if learners are divided into groups of four people each, their roles might be: leader, writer, checker and speaker. The “writer writes down important information from the task. They may also write down the ideas for the speaker to present This structure helps ensure everyone takes part equally in group work. lt also allows each member to play a meaningful part in completing the shared goal.
Retired educator Michelle Manville has written several books about education and learning standards. Many of her books note that cooperative learning creates a supportive group structure and lessens the problem of competitiveness. Studies have also shown that cooperative learning improves learner achievement. This includes one study by American researcher Robert Slavin.
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8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Selling your stuff online does not only help to declutter(清理) your home and get rid of things you don’t need, but it can also be a great source of income. Books you’re not planning on reading again taking up space on your shelf? Sell them online. Upgrading your phone? Find a local buyer on social media.Selling online comes with certain pitfalls too, though, and it pays to be diligent when you’re crossing the threshold(门槛) from customer to seller.
One thing you need to consider carefully is the platform on which you are going to advertise. Most big players in the field are so popular with sellers, not just because they can give you access to a bigger pool of potential customers, but also because they offer insurance both to the seller and the buyer, which gives both buyers and sellers more confidence. The downside, however, is that you will generally need to pay an upfront fee(预付费) for using the platform, and may also have to sacrifice a cut of your profit to the company. What’s more, you need to build up a reputation before buyers can trust you-which means you might have to settle for lower prices until you have a high rating.
You can use some platforms that either charge a smaller fee for advertising or even no fee at all-but, in that case, what you will need to keep in mind is your safety, especially if the value of the product you’re selling is high. Most prospective buyers will be genuine, but it’s always best to meet during the day at a public place such as a coffee shop, a library, or a supermarket parking lot-anywhere monitored by security cameras is good. Always keep the product close to you, and check that the money has been released into your account or-if you’re being paid by cash-that you have been given the full amount before relinquishing your items.
A few more things to keep in mind: always be accurate with your descriptions of the items you are selling, especially if advertising on a big platform. The last thing you want is to be accused of fraud and banned from the website. Don’t give out your full name, either- keep your last name private. Identity theft might be rare in such transactions, but it’s always better to be careful.
You might think many of these sound like common sense rules, and they are, but many first-time sellers naively forget to take precautions when selling their stuff online. At the end of the day, it’s up to you to decide the way in which you are comfortable with conducting business online-but remember that a smart, prepared seller is a happy seller.
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9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why Camping Can Be So Much Fun?
When you go on holiday, where do you like to stay? If you haven’t tried camping, maybe you should join the increasing number of people who are enjoying the simple pleasures of camping.
By grabbing your tent, and some additional things, it’s easy to head off to the countryside and enjoy a night or two under the stars. Many campers are dumping the trappings of their modern, busy life to do this, encouraged by experts who say a few peaceful nights in the middle of nowhere might be a good way to relax and improve our sleep patterns and well-being. It is also, of course, a good low-budget holiday option.
For the adventurous, wild camping is an ideal way to escape from reality. Armed with just some food and a sleeping bag, you’re free from rules, away from other people, and able to enjoy the back-to-basics experience. But for those who still want some home comforts, a campsite is a more suitable place to fix your tent. Here you have facilities such as washrooms, a shop and maybe even a restaurant. And for the most luxurious camping experience, you could try glamping, a type of camping associated with extreme comforts and luxury.
More recently, sales of camping equipment have jumped as more people have chosen a vacation spent at hometown due to travel restrictions caused by the pandemic. One camping retailer, Halfords, reported a sharp rise in demand for products such as stoves, cool boxes and camping chairs. With the addition of soft pillows, powerful torches and lamps to light up your tent and a better selection of easy-to-cook food, you can almost guarantee a comfortable and enjoyable camping expedition. So maybe it’s time to give camping a try.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
“Digital Hoarding” Could Be an Increasing Problem
As data storage has become more accessible than ever, the amount of digital “stuff” we all have put aside is on the rise, too.
In a recent paper published in the journal Information & Management, we have investigated a rising phenomenon called “digital hoarding”, which happens when an individual constantly acquires digital content, feels difficulty in getting rid of it, and gradually gets more and more digital content without an intended purpose.
Digital hoarding can quickly increase out of control, too — perhaps even more quickly than in the physical world, due to several reasons. First, the digital hoarder is less likely to notice the space limitations in the digital world. While the boundaries of a physical space are clear, such boundaries are less noticeable in digital spaces. Second, hoarding of physical objects happens in fixed boundaries, while digital spaces are “expandable” — you can get additional digital storage with minimum effort at very little or zero cost. Third, to hoard physical items, a person needs to expend some effort, such as purchasing them. By contrast, most digital contents are either self-created, free, or available on a subscription (订阅) basis. Fourth, compared with physical stuff, digital contents can be multiplied, for example, by making copies, with very minimal effort.
In the modern world, it is unavoidable that digital content plays an important role in our lives. Therefore, the potential of serious mental health impacts from digital hoarding is a real possibility.
If you think you’re holding onto too much digital content, you can try cleaning your digital footprint, reducing unnecessary digital content, coming up with simple methods to organize your files, pictures and videos. What’s more, reassess the importance of many social networks, including groups in many communication apps, and keep only those essential to you.
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参考答案：
1．Innovative thinking refers to the ability to come up with new ideas and novel approaches to problems, calling for the creative freedom as well as limits. To promote innovative thinking, you are supposed to have a system for collecting and managing your ideas. It’s necessary that you work hard at a simplified idea and put it into practice instead of caring too much about the result.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，创新思维是指对问题提出新想法和新方法的能力。它要求创造自由，但也要求限制。为了培养创新思维，你应该有一个收集和管理你的想法的系统。努力实现一个简单的想法并将其付诸实践，而不是过于关心结果。
【详解】1 要点摘录①The definition of innovative thinking is the ability to come up with new ideas and novel approaches to problems. ②What matters is that you give yourself the creative freedom to brainstorm lots of ideas. ③Creativity actually thrives with limits. Inspiration comes when you’re not actively chasing it. ④It’s crucial to have a system for collecting and managing your ideas. Come up with a simplified version of one of your ideas, put it into practice and try it as an experiment for a limited period of time without being too attached to the outcome.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Innovative thinking refers to the ability to come up with new ideas and novel approaches to problems. Innovative thinking calls for the creative freedom as well as limits. It’s crucial to have a system for collecting and managing your ideas. Work hard at a simplified idea and put it into practice instead of caring too much about the result.

【点睛】[高分句型1] Innovative thinking refers to the ability to come up with new ideas and novel approaches to problems, calling for the creative freedom as well as limits.运用了现在分词作状语对原文第二段和第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] It’s necessary that you work hard at a simplified idea and put it into practice instead of caring too much about the result. 用that引导主语从句对最后一进行了概括，表达非常高级。
2．If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence. Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach. In a word, ed-tech can make a big difference because it facilitates teachers’ work and helps regulate teaching quality.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍数字教育技术有助于解决贫穷国家面临的教育问题。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Like teachers, digital educational technology comes in many forms, from wonderful to awful. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools.
②As for the absence of teachers, if expensive teachers do not turn up to class, government would, surely, fire them? Easier said than done. Poor governments often lack the money to check on teachers in distant villages.
③Several recent studies suggested - tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on ed - tech.
④But ed - tech can help greatly - by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, making up for the failings of the worst.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行精简。
3.遣词造句
If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence.
Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach.
In a word, ed-tech can make a big difference because it facilitates teachers’ work and helps regulate teaching quality.
【点睛】[高分句型1] If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence. 用一个省略句对文章二三段的部分内容进行总结。
[高分句型2] Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach.用一个简单句对文章第四段内容进行总结。
3．IKEA is taking steps to protect the environment, which include standardizing the parts, materials and colors used, trying to make their maintenance easier, making its products easier to take apart and transport, trying to make the furniture easy to modify and making their products easy to be remanufactured. The company is also working to reduce waste in other areas.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，宜家作为著名的家具和其他家居用品的供应商，正在采取措施保护环境，对自己的产品进行了一系列改良。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①IKEA, known around the world as a supplier of fumiture and other home goods, is taking steps to protect the environment.
②IKEA, known around the world as a supplier of fumiture and other home goods, is taking steps to protect the environment.
③To extend the life of its products, IKEA is trying to make their maintenance easier. It is also making its products easier to take apart and transport, so the furniture is less likely to break when being moved or changing hands.
④So IKEA is also trying to help people keep furniture for a longer time by making it easy to modify.
⑤At that point they can be remanufactured — the pieces reassembled (重新组装) into something new-or recycled.
⑥The company is also working to reduce waste in other areas, such as packaging and food waste from restaurants inside its stores.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点进行重组，将第6个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
IKEA is taking steps to protect the environment, including standardizing the parts, materials and colors used, trying to make their maintenance easier, making its products easier to take apart and transport, trying to make the furniture easy to modify and making their products easy to be remanufactured.
Reducing waste in other areas is also the company’s goal.
【点睛】[高分句型1] IKEA is taking steps to protect the environment, which include standardizing the parts, materials and colors used, trying to make their maintenance easier, making its products easier to take apart and transport, trying to make the furniture easy to modify and making their products easy to be remanufactured. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Reducing waste in other areas is also the company’s goal. (运用了动名词作主语)
4．Déjà vu is a feeling of familiarity. It is hard to study because it is unpredictable. Younger people are more prone to déjà vu, due to their more excitable brains. In contrast, older people may be less adept at fact-checking false feelings of familiarity but do not confuse déjà vu with reality, which is not a symptom of dementia.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，似曾相识是一种常见的对新环境熟悉的感觉。它很难研究，因为它不可预测，而且很容易被遗忘。年轻人更容易产生似曾相识，这可能是因为他们的大脑更容易兴奋。相比之下，老年人可能不太擅长核实虚假的熟悉感，但不会将似曾相识与现实混为一谈，这不是痴呆症的症状。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①You walk into a place you know you’ve never been before but are overwhelmed by a sense of familiarity-a memory you can’t quite reach.
②It’s a hard feeling to study, though, because it tends to arise spontaneously and be shaken off easily.
③Younger brains are a little more excitable, more likely to fire more quickly rather than holding back, O’Connor says.
④Older adults still recognize such false familiarity. “It’s not perhaps that older adults are not generating false familiarity, ” Moulin says. “It’s just that they don’t have, anymore, that certainty that what they’re experiencing is false. ”
⑤This is a normal part of aging, not the conflation (合并)of déjà vu with reality that people with dementia (老年痴呆症)may experience.
2.缜密构思将
第1、2、3几个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Déjà vu is a feeling of familiarity.
It is hard to study because it is unpredictable.
Younger people are more prone to déjà vu, due to their more excitable brains.
In contrast, Older people may be less adept at fact-checking false feelings of familiarity but do not confuse déjà vu with reality, which is not a symptom of dementia.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It is hard to study because it is unpredictable. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] In contrast, Older people may be less adept at fact-checking false feelings of familiarity but do not confuse déjà vu with reality, which is not a symptom of dementia. (运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)
5．As the first female Pritzker prize winner, Iraq- born Zaha Hadid struggled to prove the feasibility of her design. Being a Deconstructivism pioneer, she succeeded with a fire station in Germany ten years after the cancelled project in Hong Kong. Despite the unfair failure in Wales, she finally had her seemingly impossible designs realized before she died at 66.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，Zaha Hadid在1950年出生于伊拉克，是第一位获得该领域最高荣誉普利兹克奖的女性，1983年，她赢得了在香港山区设计一家俱乐部的大型比赛，十年后，她赢得了在威尔士设计一座歌剧院的国际竞赛，到21世纪初，她已成为建筑界的超级明星，不幸的是，她在2016年死于心脏病发作。到那时，她已经建造了数百座建筑，还有更多正在建造中。她证明了她几乎可以建造任何她能想象到的东西。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Born in Iraq in 1950, Zaha Hadid was the first woman to win the Pritzker prize, the field’s highest honor. But for years, she had to fight to prove that her designs could even be built.
②She was a pioneer in Deconstructivism.
③Then, in 1983, she won a big competition to design a club in the hills of Hong Kong. Hadid proposed carving chunks out of the mountainside, which she called a “man-made geology.” The project was eventually canceled, but the world of architecture then knew her name.
④Still, it took another decade before one of her concepts actually got built: A fire station in Germany with no right angles; looking like it could take flight. It was a great success—quickly becoming a prime example of Deconstructivist architecture.
⑤Around the same time, she won an international competition to design an opera house in Wales, but it was overruled by local politicians, and the funding was pulled.
⑥Sadly, she died of a heart attack in 2016. By then she had built hundreds of buildings, with many more in progress.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
As the first female Pritzker prize winner, Iraq- born Zaha Hadid struggled to prove the feasibility of her design. Being a Deconstructivism pioneer, she succeeded with a fire station in Germany ten years after the cancelled project in Hong Kong. Despite the unfair failure in Wales, she finally had her seemingly impossible designs realized before she died at 66.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Being a Deconstructivism pioneer, she succeeded with a fire station in Germany ten years after the cancelled project in Hong Kong.运用现在分词作状语对原文第二段和第三段进行了概括，其中现在分词作状语表达高级。
[高分句型2] Despite the unfair failure in Wales, she finally had her seemingly impossible designs realized before she died at 66.用before引导的时间状语从句对倒数第三段和最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
6．One possible version:
Coral reefs, built of skeletons of coral polyps, are called underwater cities, where live many marine species and sea creatures. They provide humans with jobs, scenery and medicines. However, reefs aren’t well protected. One fifth of them have disappeared due to environmental problems. Fishing and diving do harm to them; water pollution and air pollution are to blame too.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了珊瑚礁的成因及对人类的益处以及珊瑚礁受到威胁的各种各样的原因。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Young polyps attach themselves to the old skeletons and make new skeletons. Over time, weird and wonderful shapes are slowly built up into amazing coral reefs
②Scientists sometimes think of coral reefs as underwater cities. A quarter of all known marine species live in reef habitats.
③Humans don’t live in coral reef cities, but we benefit from them.
④Coral reefs are very important, yet we don’t take good care of them. Environmental problems have already killed about twenty percent of the world’s reefs.
⑤people catch too many reef fish and often damage the reefs—divers sometimes break off pieces of coral.
⑥Polluted water also causes problems because reef-destroying algae grows in dirty water.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第4、5、6三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Coral reefs consists of skeletons of coral polyps, being home to marine species and sea creatures.
We benefit a lot from them.
However, we don’t take care of them because they are threatened by environmental problems, fishing, diving and pollution.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Coral reefs, built of skeletons of coral polyps, are called underwater cities, where live many marine species and sea creatures.( 运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中where引导的非限制性定语从句，built过去分词作的后置定语等表达高级)
[高分句型2]
One fifth of them have disappeared due to environmental problems. (运用了现在完成时表示已经造成的结果，对第四段进行了概括，due to表示原因，表达恰当)
7．As we all know, working together contributes to solving problems better. But everyone doesn’t like working together. The reason is that some people suffered from different experiences of group work. Whatever it is, it all causes bad results. Fortunately, cooperative learning can handle the issues by playing different roles in group work, which has proved helpful by some experts.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍团队合作有利于解决问题，但是由于种种原因很多人并不是很喜欢这种工作模式，在教育方法中，合作式学习可以用来帮助解决这一问题，让小组内的每一位成员都有自己的分工，这些都已经得到了很多专家的研究论证。
【详解】1 要点摘录①Two heads are better than one. It means that two people working together have a better chance of solving a problem than one person alone.
②There can be a number of reasons why people dislike group work.
③Whatever the issue, the result is the same: the group does not realize its goal.
④Cooperative learning is an educational method that can help to solve this problem.
⑤Studies have also shown that cooperative learning improves learner achievement. This includes one study by American researcher Robert Slavin.
2.缜密构思
将第①要点进行重组，将第②、③两个要点整合，将④、⑤两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
As we all know, working together contributes to solving problems better.
But everyone doesn’t like working together.
The reason is that some people suffered from different experiences of group work.
Whatever it is, it all causes bad results.
Fortunately, cooperative learning can handle the issues by playing different roles in group work, which has proved helpful by some experts.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As we all know, working together contributes to solving problems better. 用as引导的非限制性定语从句对第一段内容进行总结。
[高分句型2]：Fortunately, cooperative learning can handle the issues by playing different roles in group work, which has proved helpful by some experts. 用which引导的非限制性定语从句对第三段内容进行总结。
8．(1)Online selling brings extra income but requires careful preparations. First, choose a credible platform with a wider customer base and insurance, and lower the price until you’ve established a fine reputation. Even if you cannot afford the prepaid fee of a platform, make sure transactions take place safely. It’s also essential to provide honest item descriptions and protect personal privacy. (60)
(2) Several things about selling online are worth noting. Firstly, proper platforms ensure customers and insurance, though an upfront fee and a good reputation are required. Secondly, always keep safety in mind, meet buyers in public and keep the product until you receive the payment. Thirdly, avoid inaccurate product description and revealing your full name. Be careful when you sell online.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在网上销售自己不需要东西的时候应注意的一些问题及销售方法。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①Selling your stuff online does not only help to declutter(清理) your home and get rid of things you don’t need, but it can also be a great source of income.
②One thing you need to consider carefully is the platform on which you are going to advertise.
③Most big players in the field are so popular with sellers, not just because they can give you access to a bigger pool of potential customers, but also because they offer insurance both to the seller and the buyer, which gives both buyers and sellers more confidence.
④The downside, however, is that you will generally need to pay an upfront fee(预付费) for using the platform, and may also have to sacrifice a cut of your profit to the company.
⑤What’s more, you need to build up a reputation before buyers can trust you-which means you might have to settle for lower prices until you have a high rating.
⑥A few more things to keep in mind: always be accurate with your descriptions of the items you are selling, especially if advertising on a big platform.
⑦Don’t give out your full name, either- keep your last name private. Identity theft might be rare in such transactions, but it’s always better to be careful.
2. 缜密深思
把要点1重组；要点2、3、4整合；要点6和要点7重组，整合。
3. 遣词造句
Selling your stuff online not only help declutter your home, but it can also bring extra income.
One thing to consider carefully is the platform. A credible platform usually has a wider customer base and offer insurance.
The downside, however, is that you will generally need to pay an upfront fee for using the platform.
Besides, you have to settle for lower prices so as to build up a good reputation.
Always keep in mind that be accurate with the descriptions of items you are selling and be careful of your provacy.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
First, choose a credible platform with a wider customer base and insurance, and lower the price until you’ve established a fine reputation. （运用了祈使句和时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】
It’s also essential to provide honest item descriptions and protect personal privacy.（运用了it作形式主语）
9．Nowadays, a growing number of people choose to camp outdoors in that it’s easy to access and with low-budget. Moreover, various types of camping cater to our different needs, such as adventurous wild camping, cozy campsite camping and luxurious camping, which brings us peace and benefits our health. With the travel restrictions during the pandemic, sales of camping equipment soar. (60字)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了露营的意义和露营的种类，以及在疫情的影响下，露营装备销量暴增的现象。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①If you haven’t tried camping, maybe you should join the increasing number of people who are enjoying the simple pleasures of camping.
②By grabbing your tent, and some additional things, it’s easy to head off to the countryside and enjoy a night or two under the stars.
③It is also, of course, a good low-budget holiday option.
④For the adventurous, wild camping is an ideal way to escape from reality. But for those who still want some home comforts, a campsite is a more suitable place to fix your tent.
⑤Here you have facilities such as washrooms, a shop and maybe even a restaurant. And for the most luxurious camping experience, you could try glamping, a type of camping associated with extreme comforts and luxury.
⑥More recently, sales of camping equipment have jumped as more people have chosen a vacation spent at hometown due to travel restrictions caused by the pandemic.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5、6要点进行整合。
3. 遣词造句
It might be fun to consider joining others and enjoy the simple pleasure of camping.
It’s easy and also cheap to head off to the countryside and have a holiday.
Wild camping can be fun the adventurous while different types of campsites can also be found if you’re looking for a more comfortable environment.
Due to the pandemic, the sales of camping equipment have increased a lot.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays, a growing number of people choose to camp outdoors in that it’s easy to access and with low-budget.(运用中in that引导原因状语从句)
【高分句型2】Moreover, various types of camping cater to our different needs, such as adventurous wild camping, cozy campsite camping and luxurious camping, which brings us peace and benefits our health.(用which引导了非限制性定语从句)
10．Digital content is important to us, and meanwhile, overstocking digital materials is popular. However, digital hoarding becomes uncontrollable because hoarders seldom know the space limitations in the expandable digital space. Moreover, digital contents are easy to get and shoot up. To keep mentally healthy, you should reduce digital footprint and avoid some unimportant social networks.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了“数字囤积”这一现象，分析了导致这种现象的原因，给人们带来的负面影响，以及如何减少数字足迹。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①In the modern world, it is unavoidable that digital content plays an important role in our lives.
②In a recent paper published in the journal Information & Management, we have investigated a rising phenomenon called “digital hoarding”
③First, the digital hoarder is less likely to notice the space limitations in the digital world.
④Second, hoarding of physical objects happens in fixed boundaries, while digital spaces are “expandable”— you can get additional digital storage with minimum effort at very little or zero cost.
⑤Third, to hoard physical items, a person needs to expend some effort, such as purchasing them
⑥Fourth, compared with physical stuff, digital contents can be multiplied, for example, by making copies, with very minimal effort.
⑦If you think you’re holding onto too much digital content, you can try cleaning your digital footprint, reducing unnecessary digital content, coming up with simple methods to organize your files, pictures and videos. What’s more, reassess the importance of many social networks, including groups in many communication apps, and keep only those essential to you.
2.缜密构思
将①②，③④，⑤⑥六个要点进行整合，将⑦要点进行精简
3.遣词造句
Digital content is important to us, and meanwhile, overstocking digital materials is popular.
However, digital hoarding becomes uncontrollable because hoarders seldom know the space limitations in the expandable digital space. Moreover, digital contents are easy to get and shoot up.
To keep mentally healthy, you should reduce digital footprint and avoid some unimportant social networks.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Digital content is important to us, and meanwhile, overstocking digital materials is popular. 用一个简单句对第二段和第四段部分内容进行总结。
[高分句型2]To keep mentally healthy, you should reduce digital footprint and avoid some unimportant social networks.用一个简单句对最后一段内容进行总结，其中使用了不定式作状语，表达高级。