2023年中考英语一轮复习语法专项练习专题19-定语从句（教师版）

这是一份2023年中考英语一轮复习语法专项练习专题19-定语从句（教师版），共14页。试卷主要包含了单项选择，完成句子，改写句子等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题19-定语从句


一、单项选择
1．He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A．whom B．/ C．which D．who
【答案】D
【详解】句意：不到长城非好汉。考查定语从句。题干包含定语从句。先行词是“He”，在从句中作主语。whom作宾语，指代人；which作主语或宾语，指代物；who作主语或宾语，指代人。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略。故选D。
2．I like music ________ I can dance to.
A．what B．that C．who D．whom
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我喜欢可以跟着跳舞的音乐。考查定语从句。作为定语从句的关系词，what不能用于引导定语从句；that先行词是人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语；who先行词是人，在从句中做主语；whom是用来修饰表示人的先行词，在从句中可以充当宾语。此题的先行词“music”是物，因此定语从句用that引导。故选B。
3．Mr. Lang is a great Chinese pianist ________ become popular with many people around the world.
A．who have B．who has C．whom has D．that have
【答案】B
【详解】句意：郎先生是一位伟大的并深受世界人民欢迎的中国钢琴家。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处使用定语从句，先行词是“ a pianist”，引导词可使用“who或that，又因为先行词是第三人称单数，助动词应使用has。故选B。
4．—What kind of movies do you like?
—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.
A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。考查定语从句。whom指人，在从句中作宾语；who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。此处的先行词为movies，表示物，排除AB选项，又因先行词是复数，从句谓语动词应用动词原形，故选C。
5．We should value the friendship ________ we have developed in the past years.
A．that B．who
C．whose D．what
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们应该珍惜在过去几年里已经发展起来的友谊。考查定语从句。that关系代词，指代人或物；who关系代词，指代人；whose关系代词，指代“……的”；what疑问代词，不能引导定语从句。the friendship为名词，其后可带定语从句修饰它。先行词the friendship指物，从句中缺少指代物且在句子充当宾语的关系代词。故选A。
6．— Why do you like Gu Ailing?
— Because she is a girl ________ regards herself as Chinese although she was born in the US.
A．which B．who C．whom D．what
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你为什么喜欢谷爱凌？ ——因为她是一个自认为是中国人的女孩，尽管她出生在美国。考查定语从句。根据“Because she is a girl...regards herself as Chinese although she was born in the US.”可知，分析句子结构，girl是先行词，指人；且从句中缺主语，故用关系词who引导定语从句。故选B。
7．Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意：学生喜欢开朗幽默的老师。 考查定语从句。此处含定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。
8．—Who do you think is the girl ________ did the best in the 2021 Beijing Winter Olympics.
—Of course, Gu Ailing.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你认为2021北京冬奥会上表现最好的女孩是谁。——当然是谷爱凌了。考查定语从句。who谁；whose谁的；whom谁，who的宾格；that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出从句。根据“Who do you think is the girl …did the best in the 2021 Beijing Winter Olympics.”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为the girl，指人，使用that或者who引导，当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。故选D。
9．Flower-drum dancing is a traditional folk art in China _______ has become popular in many schools.
A．which B．what C．who D．where
【答案】A
【详解】句意：花鼓舞是中国一种传统的民间艺术，它在许多学校变得流行。考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，先行词是物；what引导名词性从句，不引导定语从句；who引导定语从句，先行词是人；where引导定语从句，先行词是地点。根据“Flower-drum dancing is a traditional folk art in China…has become popular in many schools.”可知，句子是定语从句，句中先行词为“art”，指物，应使用 which引导定语从句。故选A。
10．Beijing is now the first city________has hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
A．what B．when C．who D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：北京现在是第一个举办过夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。考查定语从句的引导词。what什么；when什么时候；who谁；that那。根据句子结构分析，该句为定语从句，先行词是the first city，为事物，表示“第一个城市”，从句中的引导词应用that指代先行词这个事物。故选D。
11．— What are you doing?
— We are talking about the people and things ________ we saw last week.
A．that B．what C．which D．who
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你在干什么？——我们正在谈论上周看到的人和事。考查定语从句。that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出从句；what什么；which……的那个；who谁。根据“the people and things”可知，此处定语从句的先行词为人和物，使用that引导，不能用which。故选A。
12．Do you still remember the place ______ we visited last month?
A．where B．which C．what D．who
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你还记得我们上个月参观的那个地方吗？考查定语从句。“we visited last month”是对“the place”的修饰限定，因此本句为定语从句。从句中visited缺宾语，因此空格处使用关系代词。先行词“the place”是物，关系代词用which/that。故选B。
13．— Do you like the song Shao Nian?
— Yes. I like the song ________ I can sing along with.
A．what B．who C．that D．whose
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你喜欢《少年》这首歌吗？——是的。我喜欢我能跟着唱的歌。考查定语从句引导词。what不能引导定语从句；who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；that关系代词，先行词可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose先行词可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。根据句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，其中先行词是“songs”，指物，应用that引导，并在从句中作宾语。故选C。
14．I like the singers ________ can sing the words clearly.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我喜欢那些能把歌词唱清楚的歌手。考查定语从句关系词。根据“the singers ... can sing the words clearly”可知此处是定语从句，先行词“the singers”指人，且在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选A。
15．—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin?
—Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it.
A．that; more touching B．what; less touching C．that; more touched D．which; less touched
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你喜欢《长津湖》这部电影吗？——当然。我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人了。考查定语从句和形容词辨析。第一处是定语从句，先行词是物，引导词在从句中作主语，排除B。touching感人的；touched感动的。此处修饰电影，用ing结尾的形容词，排除CD。故选A。
16．We all miss Dr Wu Mengchao ________saved thousands of lives in his medical work.
A．which B．what C．who D．whose
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们都会想念在他的医学工作中拯救了成千上万条生命的吴孟超医生。
考查定语从句的引导词。空处及其后是定语从句，修饰先行词“Dr Wu Mengchao”，先行词是人，而且引导词在定语从句中作主语，所以引导词应用who。故选C。
17．Mr. Green encouraged me to go to a ________ because singing was my favorite.
A．club that taught different songs
B．movie that talked about a great violinist
C．lesson that introduced the dance history
D．show that displayed ancient works of art
【答案】A
【详解】句意：格林先生鼓励我去一个教不同歌曲的俱乐部，因为唱歌是我最喜欢的。
考查名词辨析和定语从句。club that taught different songs教不同歌曲的俱乐部；movie that talked about a great violinist讲述一位伟大小提琴家的电影；lesson that introduced the dance history介绍舞蹈历史的课程；show that displayed ancient works of art展示古代艺术品的展览。根据“because singing was my favorite”可知，因为喜欢唱歌，所以应该去教不同歌曲的俱乐部；故选A。
18．Zhang Guimei, Role Model of the Times, is a headmaster ________ changed many girls in poor countryside families.
A．why B．who C．when D．which
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——时代楷模张桂梅是一位改变了许多农村贫困家庭女孩命运的校长。
考查定语从句。why为什么；who谁；when什么时候；which哪一个。分析句子可知，该句是含有定语从句的复合句；先行词“headmaster”指人，关系词用who，在从句中作主语。故选B。
19．—Why does your father tell you to play chess?
— He says playing chess is an activity _______ needs much patience, but I’m not patient!
A．what B．which C．who D．/
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你爸爸为什么让你下象棋？——他说下棋是一项需要很多耐心的活动，但我没有耐心！考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词activity是指物，在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句，故选B。
20．— Can you say something about the Slender West Lake?
— It is the greatest place of interest ________ all the people in Yangzhou are proud of.
A．which B．whom C．who D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你能说说瘦西湖吗？——这是扬州人最引以为豪的名胜古迹。考查定语从句。which……的那个；whom谁，宾格；who谁，主格；that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出从句。根据“It is the greatest place of interest …all the people in Yangzhou are proud of.”可知，此处interest后为定语从句，先行词place为物，使用which或者that引导，但是当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，使用that不用which。故选D。
21．—What are you doing?
—I’m looking for the book from Millie ________I borrowed last night.
A．who B．which C．what D．where
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你正在做什么？——我正在寻找昨晚我从米莉那里借的书籍。考查定语从句。根据“the book from Millie...I borrowed last night”可知，这是定语从句，先行词“the book”表物，引导词在从句中作宾语，故选B。
22．Now China is one of the few nations ________ can produce COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗) on a large scale (大批量).
A．that B．why C．when D．where
【答案】A
【详解】句意：现在，中国是少数几个能够大规模生产2019冠状病毒疾病疫苗的国家之一。考查定语从句的引导词。that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；why关系副词，引导定语从句，先行词表示原因，在从句中作状语；when关系副词，引导定语从句，先行词表示时间，在从句中作状语；where关系副词，引导定语从句，先行词表示地点，在从句中作状语。先行词“one of the few nations”是物，且引导词在从句中作主语，故应用that。故选A。
23．—My brother’s birthday is coming soon. It’s difficult for me to choose a present for a fan of travelling.
—It’s a good idea to book a ________ for him.
A．magazine that is about geography B．course that is about art
C．concert ticket that is for young people D．meal that has healthy diet
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我的哥哥的生日很快就到了。对于我来说给一个旅游迷选择一个礼物是困难的。——为他订一本关于地理的杂志是一个好主意。考查名词词义辨析以及定语从句。magazine杂志；course课程；concert ticket音乐会门票；meal餐。每个选项中的名词后跟的都是一个that引导的定语从句，根据“It’s difficult for me to choose a present for a fan of travelling.”可知哥哥喜欢旅游，所以送的礼物应是有关旅游方面的，A项“关于地理的杂志”最合适。故选A。
24．I like to visit the places ________ the people are friendly and the food is tasty.
A．who B．where C．which D．that
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我喜欢去那些人们友好、食物美味的地方。考查定语从句。who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；where先行词是地点，在从句中作状语；which关系代词，指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；根据“the places...the people are friendly and the food is tasty.”可知，本句先行词“the places”是地点且在从句中作状语，需用where，故选B。
25．The man ________ shirt is white is my Chinese teacher.
A．that B．who C．which D．whose
【答案】D
【详解】句意：穿白色衬衫的那个人是我的语文老师。考查定语从句。that先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；who先行词为人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose先行词为人或物，在从句中作定语。根据“The man … shirt is white is my Chinese teacher.”可知，这里先行词“the man”是人，关系词在从句中作定语，故选D。
26．Tom is thinking about those questions ________ you asked me yesterday.
A．whose B．who C．why D．/
【答案】D
【详解】句意：汤姆在思考你昨天问我的那些问题。考查关系代词。whose谁的；who谁；why为什么。根据语境可知，本题考查定语从句，因先行词是“questions”，指物，可用which/that；因关系词在从句中做宾语，可省略，故选D。
27．Sitting after a walk is relaxing. But do you dare to sit on a seat ________ tells you your weight?
A．what B．where C．who D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：散步后坐着是一种放松。但是你敢坐在一个显示你体重的座位上吗？
考查定语从句关系词。根据“a seat ... tells you your weight”可知此处是定语从句，先行词“a seat”指物，且在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选D。
28．We will finish our middle school, we should say thanks to those people ________ help us a lot.
A．which B．that C．whom D．when
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们即将初中毕业，我们应该感谢那些帮助我们的人。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，是定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是people，用关系代词who/that作从句主语，故选B。
29．—Do you know Gu Ailing?
—Of course. She is a famous skiing player ________ won two gold medals.
A．whom B．who C．which D．whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你知道谷爱凌吗？——当然。她是一位著名的滑雪运动员，赢得了两枚金牌。考查关系词。whom“谁”，who的宾格；who“谁”；which“哪一个”；whose“谁的”。根据“She is a famous skiing player … won two gold medals.”可知，该句为定语从句，先行词指人，关系词要用whom/who；再根据“…won two gold medals”可知，从句缺少主语，关系词要用who。故选B。
30．My grandparents like to live in the house ________ is not very big but bright and comfortable.
A．that B．who C．what D．where
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我的祖父母喜欢住在不大但明亮舒适的房子里。考查定语从句的引导词。that关系代词，其先行词为人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，其先行词为人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；where关系副词，其先行词为表示地点的名词，在定语从句中作状语。分析句子结构可知，引导词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词“the house”为物，故应用that引导定语从句。故选A。

二、完成句子
31．广州是一个受全世界游客欢迎的城市之一。
Guangzhou is one of the cities ________ ________ ________ ________ the tourists from all over the world.
【答案】     that##which     are     popular     with
【详解】受……欢迎：be popular with；分析句子可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是“the cities”，引导词在从句中作主语，用that/which引导定语从句，且从句的谓语动词和先行词保持一致，故be动词用are。故填that/which；are；popular；with。
32．芦笛岩是一个有着众多奇特造型岩石的洞穴。
The Reed Flute Cave is a cave ____________________________________________________.
【答案】with many rocks in different/unusual shapes/which/that has many rocks in different shapes
【详解】“有着”可用with表示；“众多”many；岩石“rocks”；“奇特造型”in different/unusual shapes。此处也可用定语从句，先行词a cave指物，且在从句中作主语，用which或that引导定语从句；“有”have，先行词是单数，谓语动词用has。故填with many rocks in different/unusual shapes/which/that has many rocks in different shapes。
33．那架失控的飞机失踪多久了？
How long _______________________?
【答案】has the plane out of control been missing##has the plane which was out of control been missing##has the plane that was out of control been missing
【详解】失踪：be missing，作谓语；失控：out of control，作后置定语修饰主语；或者充当定语从句中的成分，先行词是“the plane”，关系代词用which/that；飞机：the plane，作主语；根据中文提示可知，宜用现在完成时，助动词has提到主语前构成疑问句；故填has the plane out of control been missing/has the plane which/that was out of control been missing。
34．—MADE IN CHINA is more and more popular all over the world.
—Yeah! Many countries __________________.（几乎不能避免买中国制造的产品）（that）
【答案】can hardly avoid buying products that are made in China
【详解】句意：——中国制造在全世界越来越受欢迎。——是的。许多国家几乎不能避免买中国制造的产品了。根据汉语提示可知，时态用一般现在时，情态动词用can；几乎不“hardly”；避免做某事“avoid doing sth.”，所以“买产品”用“buying products”；中国制造的用that引导的定语从句“that are made in China”。故填can hardly avoid buying products that are made in China。
35．有编故事天赋的人通常都是能言善辩、才思敏捷的人。
Those who _______________________________________ stories are usually talkative and quick in thought.
【答案】have a gift for making up
【详解】have a gift for“有天赋”，主语是复数，动词用原形；make up“编造”，for是介词，后用动名词作宾语。故填have a gift for making up。
36．《雄狮少年》是一部暖人心扉的动画片，讲述了三个男孩互相帮助的故事。
I Am What I Am is a heartwarming cartoon about three boys ________ ________ one another.
【答案】     who##that     help
【详解】此处是定语从句，先行词是复数名词boys，关系词用who/that，在从句中作主语；help“帮助”，是动词，在从句中作谓语，此处用原形，故填who/that；help。
37．—How about Xiangyang’s east-west axis (襄阳东西轴线）？
—Xiangyang’s east-west axis ___________________________________.
连接城市与乡村的东西轴线将对襄阳经济发展起到重要作用。（play）
【答案】that connects the city with countryside will play an important role in developing Xiangyang economy/which connects the city with countryside will play an important role in developing Xiangyang economy
【详解】连接城市与乡村：connect the city with countryside，在句中作定语，修饰先行词“Xiangyang’s east-west axis”，关系词在从句中作主语，用that/which引导定语从句，从句描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是单数名词，从句谓语动词用第三人称单数connects；对……起到重要作用：play an important role in doing sth.；发展襄阳经济：develop Xiangyang economy；由语境可知，主句用一般将来时will do。故填that/which connects the city with countryside will play an important role in developing Xiangyang economy。
38．我是那些上课不迟到的学生之一。
I am one of the students ________ ________ never ________ ________ school.
【答案】     who##that     are     late     for
【详解】此处可用定语从句修饰the students，指人，引导词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导；be late for“迟到”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填who/that；are；late；for。
39．昨天我收到他的那封信很重要。
The letter _________ I _________ _________ him yesterday is very important.
【答案】     that##which     received     from
【详解】名词“letter”后是定语从句。表达“收到”用短语“receive from sb.”。根据“昨天”可知是一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式“received”。先行词“letter”指的是物，定语从句缺动词“received”的宾语，用关系代词“that”或“which”引导从句。故填that/which；received；from。
40．你认识那个为自己的孩子感到骄傲的母亲吗？
Do you know the mother _____________________________ her child?
【答案】who takes pride in##that takes pride in##who is proud of##that is proud of
【详解】take pride in=be proud of为……感到骄傲。先行词the mother指人，引导词用who/that(在定语从句中作主语)，从句的时态为一般现在时，who(that)指代的是the mother，注意主谓一致关系，故答案为who takes pride in/that takes pride in/who is proud of/that is proud of。

三、改写句子
41．That is his old house. He lived there for twenty years. （合并为一句）
That is his old house _________ _________ he lived for twenty years.
【答案】     in     which
【详解】句意：那是他的老房子。他在那里住了二十年。
根据句子结构，原句可以合并为一个定语从句。先行词house，在从句中作地点状语，可以用关系词where或in which，结合所给空格数量，此空应填in which。故答案为in which。
42．Lily returned the pen to me. I lent the pen to her last Friday. (改为定语从句)
Lily returned the pen ________ I ________ her last Friday.
【答案】     that##which     lent
【详解】句意：莉莉把钢笔还给了我。上星期五我把钢笔借给她了。改为定语从句为“莉莉把我上周五借给她的钢笔还给了我”。先行词为“the pen”，关系词用that/which，在从句中作宾语；由“last Friday”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式lent。故填that/which；lent。
43．This is a book. Its cover (封面) is blue.（合并成复合句）
This is a book ________ ________ is blue.
【答案】     whose     cover
【详解】句意：这是一本书。它的封面是蓝色的。原句是两个句子，改为复合句可以改为定语从句。先行词是book，book和cover之间存在所属关系，所以用whose引导定语从句，在句子中作cover的定语。故填whose；cover。
44．Do you like the book? I bought the book for you yesterday.（将两句合并为一句）
Do you like the book ________ I ________ for you yesterday?
【答案】     that##which     bought
【详解】句意：你喜欢这本书吗？我昨天给你买了这本书。根据下句和要求将两句合并为一句可知，应该改写“你喜欢我昨天给你买的这本书吗？”，也就是改为定语从句；根据先行词“the book”，指物，且在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词应该使用“that”或者“which”；根据“yesterday”可知，定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用过去式。故填that/which；bought。
45．The boy came to see me yesterday. He is Tom’s brother. (把下列句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句)
_____________________________________________
【答案】The boy who came to see me yesterday is Tom’s brother.##The boy that came to see me yesterday is Tom’s brother.
【详解】句意：那个男孩昨天来看我了。他是汤姆的弟弟。合并成定语从句意思是“昨天来看我的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。”定语从句为“昨天来看我的那个男孩”，the boy“男孩”，作主语，先行词是人，此时关系词是who/that；came to see me yesterday“昨天来看我的那个男孩”；系动词是is；Tom’s brother“汤姆的弟弟”，是表语。故填The boy who/that came to see me yesterday is Tom’s brother.
46．I know the boy. His mother is a doctor.(合并为一句)
I know the boy ________ mother ________ a doctor.
【答案】     whose     is
【详解】句意：我认识那个男孩。他妈妈是医生。根据题干可知，这两个句子合并为一句应该变为定语从句，“I know the boy”是主句，后面是定语从句。the boy是先行词，指代“那个男孩的母亲”，要用关系词whose，表示某人的，后接名词mother，be动词用is。故填whose；is。
47．I will ask someone. Someone likes serious movies. (改为定语从句)
I will ask someone ________   ________ serious movies.
【答案】     who     likes
【详解】句意：我会问某人。某人喜欢严肃的电影。本句先行词是someone，指人，引导词可用who，在从句中作主语，likes作谓语动词。故填who；likes。
48．This is the hall. We listened to the report in it yesterday.（合并为一句）
This is the hall________ we________ to the report yesterday
【答案】     where     listened
【详解】句意：这是大厅。我们昨天听了里面的报告。根据题意是变成定语从句，先行词是the hall，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词用where引导；定语从句时间状语yesterday可知是一般过去时态，listen是动词，听，此处用过去式listened。故填where；listened。
49．Bob loves the gift. His mother bought it for him on his eighteenth birthday. (合并为一句话)
Bob loves the gift __________ his mother __________ for him on his eighteenth birthday.
【答案】     which/that     bought
【详解】句意：Bob喜欢这个礼物。他妈妈在他18岁生日时给他买的。原句可以合并成先行词是the gift的定语从句，因先行词是物，故关系词可用which/that，故第一空填which/that；且根据原句“His mother bought it for him…”可知，从句时态用一般过去时，故第二空填bought。故填which/that；bought。
50．I've finished reading a book. The book was written by O·Henry.（合并为一句）
I've finished reading a book__________written by O·Henry.
【答案】which was
【详解】句意：我读完了一本书。这本书是欧亨利写的。两个句子合并为一句可以改为一个定语从句，先行词是a book，指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which。根据by O·Henry，可知，从句要用被动语态be done的结构，陈述过去发生的事情且先行词book是单数，所以be动词用was， 故填which was。