(人教版)中考英语一轮复习词汇整理+语法讲解八年级下册Unit 5 （词汇+语法讲解） (含答案)

这是一份(人教版)中考英语一轮复习词汇整理+语法讲解八年级下册Unit 5 （词汇+语法讲解） (含答案)，共8页。

【单词变形】
【单词变性】
asleep形容词变动词______________________
fallen形容词变动词______________________
icy形容词变名词______________________
strange形容词变名词______________________
cmpletely副词变形容词______________________
heavily副词变形容词______________________
recently副词变形容词______________________
suddenly副词变形容词______________________
silence名词变形容词______________________
strm名词变形容词______________________
truth名词变形容词______________________
wind名词变形容词______________________
begin动词变名词______________________
【一词多义】
1. against ____________ ____________ ______________
I am nt fr yu. Instead, I’m against yu.
He stands against the wall.
The heavy wind beat against the windw.
2. match _____________ ______________ _____________
We will have a ftball match tmrrw.
The little girl uses the match t warm herself.
Match the picture n the left t the fd n the right, please.
3. kid ___________ ________
Are yu kidding me?
He is just a kid.
【词汇用法】
1. begin: vi./begin t d/begin ding/t begin with
2. rise: vi./the sun rises/price rises/level rises
近义词辨析: raise vs. rise
raise: vt./raise sth./raise up/raise mney/price is raised
rise: vi./sun rises/price rises/level rises
3. realize: v./realize ne’s dream/realize that…
相关词辨析: realize vs. knw
realize: v./realize ne’s dream/realize that…
knw: v./knw sth./knw that…
近义词辨析: realize vs. achieve vs. cme ut
realize: v./realize ne’s dream/realize that…
achieve: v./achieve ne’s dream/achieve sth.
cme ut: v./dream cme ut
4. beat: v./beat sb.
相关词辨析: win vs. lse vs. beat vs. fail
win: vt. /win the prize/win the cmpetitin/win the game
lse: vt./lse t sb./be lst in sth./get lst/lse ne’s way/lse sth.
beat: vt./beat sb.
fail: vi./fail t d sth./fail in the exam
5. heavily: adv./rain heavily/blw heavily
同源不同义
意思
单词
词性
意思
单词
词性
睡着
学生
倒下的；落下的
暴风雨
覆盖着冰的；冰冷的
沉默；缄默；无声
惊愕的；受震惊的
暴风雨
奇特的；奇怪的
恐怖主义者；恐怖分子
分离；分开
塔；塔楼
彻底地；完全地
实情；事实
在很大程度上；大量的地
风
不久前；最近
窗；窗户
突然；忽然
木；木头
闹钟
倚；碰；撞
地域；地区
敲打；打败
日期；日子
开始
升起；增加；提高
开玩笑；欺骗
光；光线；光亮
理解；领会；认识到
火柴
报道；公布
章节；段落
手电筒；火炬
单词
三单
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
beat
begin
kid
realize
rise
reprt
单词
复数
单词
复数
单词
复数
alarm
pupil
twer
area
rainstrm
truth
date
silence
wind
light
strm
windw
match
terrrist
wd
passage
单词
比较级
最高级
Shcked
adj./adv.
hard _________________________
heavy _________________________
near _________________________
deep _________________________
wide _________________________
high _________________________
late _________________________
adv.
hardly _________________________
heavily _________________________
nearly _________________________
deeply _________________________
widely _________________________
highly _________________________
lately _________________________
6. die: vi./sb. die
die的短语:
die dwn______________
die ut______________
die f______________
die frm______________
近义词辨析: die vs. murder vs. kill
die: vi./sb. die
murder: vt./murder sb.
kill: vt./kill sb.
14. truth: n./t tell the truth/the truth is…
【高频短语】
fall asleep______________
fallen leaves______________
icy rad______________
fall apart______________
feel shcked______________
ut f date______________
in silence______________
t tell the truth______________
t begin with______________
【攻占语法】
时态(过去进行时)
一、过去进行时的基本形式: ____________________
二、过去进行时的动词变化规则:
三、过去进行时的意义:
1. 过去正在发生的动作
2. 过去某个阶段正在进行的状态
3. 表示过去将来发生的动作(即将)多用于宾语从句中
四、过去进行时的时间状语:
1. 时间状语: this week, at three ’clck(in the mrning), at that mment, at that time
2. 场景式推断:
There were lts f nises dwnstairs. What was happening?
请在运用过去进行时的句子前打”√”
□There were many plicemen arund here. What ___________(happen)?
□He ________________(talk) n the phne, s he just ndded t me.
□I __________(knck) n yur dr, but n ne answered.
【词汇练习】
Ben was helping his mm make dinner when the rain began t beat heavily a ________ the windw.
Dn’t stand a________ the leaning wall! It’s dangerus.
We will hld a yard sale t raise mney fr the children in the pr a_____________.
He finally fell a ________ when the wind was dying dwn at arund 2:00 am.
He b___________ the ther students in the singing cmpetitin yesterday.
Peple were c______________ shcked when they heard the news that Martin Luther King was killed.
After the heavy rainstrm, f_________ trees, brken windws and rubbish were everywhere.
I was waiting fr the bus when it suddenly began t rain h ________.
The rad is i________ n the winter mrning, s yu shuld be mre careful.
Yu can’t get int the strm. Yu are k_________.
The mn has n l ________ f its wn, but we can see it in the night.
Yu'd better take a bx f m________ fr lighting the fire when ging camping.
Fr schl p_________, we have many different kinds f bks which can teach yu hw t d better at schl. Cme and have a lk!
Finally, I r________ that I had taken the stranger’s umbrella by mistake.
R ________ many yung peple like t say “eat chicken” when they talk abut a ppular cmputer game.
The news r ________ n TV that a heavy rainstrm was in the area.
The cst f living has r ________ s much that it’s hard fr us t affrd it.
We all knw that the sun r________ in the east and ges dwn in the west.
The fans were s ________ t learn the death f their favrite singing star.
He was unhappy abut the results. S he went away in s ________.
He acted s differently tday that everyne in my class felt s _______.
An ld man s ________ fell dwn n the street and we helped him stand up at nce.
Can yu tell me the t____________ abut what happened yesterday?
The sunlight cmes t my rm thrugh the w ________ in the mrning.
He cut dwn sme w ________ fr the fire t ck fish.
【语法练习】
The ther day while my friends and I _______________(eat) in the cafeteria, I saw her walking arund.
Nw I understd that he was nt ________(jke), s I smiled and tld him that Abraham Lincln was brn in 1809.
I ________(write) things n the blackbard. I mved arund the classrm, I tld stries. I tried humr. It was useless.
Hwever, anther neighbr dg was quickly ________(run) past ur huse, and ur dg went after t catch him.
He surprised me by telling me that the man I was ______________(sit) with was Chairman f the Bard f Churchill Dwes.
The leader f the party was _________________(examine) the sil near the entrance f the cave when the machine shwed that there was gld under the grund.
【参考答案】
【单词变形】
【单词变性】
asleep形容词变动词sleep
fallen形容词变动词fall
icy形容词变名词ice
strange形容词变名词stranger
cmpletely副词变形容词cmplete
heavily副词变形容词heavy
recently副词变形容词recent
suddenly副词变形容词sudden
silence名词变形容词silent
strm名词变形容词strmy
truth名词变形容词true
wind名词变形容词windy
begin动词变名词beginning
【一词多义】
1. against 反对 倚靠 敲打
I am nt fr yu. Instead, I’m against yu.
He stands against the wall.
The heavy wind beat against the windw.
2. match 比赛 火柴 匹配
We will have a ftball match tmrrw.
The little girl uses the match t warm herself.
Match the picture n the left t the fd n the right, please.
3. kid 开玩笑 小孩子
Are yu kidding me?
He is just a kid.
5. heavily: adv./rain heavily/blw heavily
同源不同义
变化规则
ding
例词
一般情况下
以e结尾
以y结尾
以重读闭音节结尾
以ie结尾
以s/x/sh/ch结尾
意思
单词
词性
意思
单词
词性
睡着
asleep
adj.
学生
pupil
n.
倒下的；落下的
fallen
adj.
暴风雨
rainstrm
n.
覆盖着冰的；冰冷的
icy
adj.
沉默；缄默；无声
silence
n.
惊愕的；受震惊的
shcked
adj.
暴风雨
strm
n.
奇特的；奇怪的
strange
adj.
恐怖主义者；恐怖分子
terrrist
n.
分离；分开
apart
adv.
塔；塔楼
twer
n.
彻底地；完全地
cmpletely
adv.
实情；事实
truth
n.
在很大程度上；大量的地
heavily
adv.
风
wind
n.
不久前；最近
recently
adv.
窗；窗户
windw
n.
突然；忽然
suddenly
adv.
木；木头
wd
n.
闹钟
alarm
n.
倚；碰；撞
against
prep.
地域；地区
area
n.
敲打；打败
beat
v.
日期；日子
date
n.
开始
begin
v.
升起；增加；提高
rise
v.&n.
开玩笑；欺骗
kid
v.
光；光线；光亮
light
n.
理解；领会；认识到
realize
v.
火柴
match
n.
报道；公布
reprt
v.&n.
章节；段落
passage
n.
手电筒；火炬
flashlight
n.
单词
三单
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
beat
beats
beat
beaten
beating
begin
begins
began
begun
beginning
kid
kids
kidded
kidded
kidding
realize
realizes
realized
realized
realizing
rise
rises
rse
risen
rising
reprt
reprts
reprted
reprted
reprting
单词
复数
单词
复数
单词
复数
alarm
alarms
pupil
pupils
twer
twers
area
areas
rainstrm
/
truth
/
date
dates
silence
/
wind
winds
light
lights
strm
/
windw
windws
match
matches
terrrist
terrrists
wd
wds
passage
passages
单词
比较级
最高级
shcked
mre shcked
mst shcked
adj./adv.
hard 努力的，困难的
heavy 重的
near 附近的
deep 深的
wide 宽的
high 高的
late 迟的，晚的
adv.
hardly 几乎不
heavily 重重地，大地
nearly 几乎，差点儿
deeply 深深地
widely 广泛地
highly 高度地
lately 最近，近来
6. die: vi./sb. die
die的短语:
die dwn渐渐熄灭
die ut灭绝
die f死于…
die frm死于…
近义词辨析: die vs. murder vs. kill
die: vi./sb. die
murder: vt./murder sb.
kill: vt./kill sb.
【高频短语】
fall asleep入睡
fallen leaves落叶
icy rad结冰的道路
fall apart分离，分开
feel shcked感到震惊
ut f date过时地
in silence沉默地
t tell the truth说出真相, 说实话
t begin with以…开始
【攻占语法】
时态(过去进行时)
一、过去进行时的基本形式: was/were ding
二、过去进行时的动词变化规则:
三、过去进行时的意义:
1. 过去正在发生的动作
2. 过去某个阶段正在进行的状态
3. 表示过去将来发生的动作(即将)多用于宾语从句中
四、过去进行时的时间状语:
1. 时间状语: this week, at three ’clck(in the mrning), at that mment, at that time
2. 场景式推断:
There were lts f nises dwnstairs. What was happening?
请在运用过去进行时的句子前打”√”
√There were many plicemen arund here. What ___________(happen)?
√He ________________(talk) n the phne, s he just ndded t me.
√I __________(knck) n yur dr, but n ne answered.
【词汇练习】
Against against areas asleep beat cmpletely fallen heavily icy kidding lights matches picnic realized Recently reprted risen rises shcked silence shcked suddenly truth windw wds
【语法练习】
were eating 做谓语 while+过去进行时，表示当时正在发生
Jking 做谓语 与was合在一起做谓语，为过去进行时
Wrte 做谓语 句中为一般过去时
Running 做谓语 与was合在一起做谓语 为过去进行时
Sitting 做谓语 与was合在一起做谓语，表示过去进行时
Examining 做谓语 与was合在一起做谓语，为过去进行时
变化规则
ding
例词
一般情况下
+ing
walk wrk
以e结尾
去e+ing
take
以重读闭音节结尾
双写末尾字母+ing
swim
以ie结尾
把ie改成y 再加ing
lie die