中考英语一轮复习考点过关练习考点51 短文填空之首字母填空 (含详解)

这是一份中考英语一轮复习考点过关练习考点51 短文填空之首字母填空 (含详解)，共20页。试卷主要包含了满分技巧等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点五十一 短文填空之首字母填空

首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
二、满分技巧
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

A
My friends and I got to talking about the rules that we have in school.
At our school, we have to w 1 uniforms every day. The problem is that all my classmates think the uniforms a 2 ugly. We think young people should look s 3 and so we would like to wear our own clothes. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes t 4 our studies. We disagree. We would feel more comfortable and that is good for s 5 . If we can’t do that, we should be allowed to design our own uniforms. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students h 6 . It’s also probably a good idea for parents to a 7 teenagers to study in groups during the evening. I know we get noisy sometimes, b 8 we can learn a lot from each other. We also think that vacations should be longer. At present they’re too short. Longer vacations would g 9 us time to do things like volunteering. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital, but I couldn’t because I had to go back to school. It would be a good experience for me because I want to b 10 a doctor when I grow up.
B
The police find most criminals because somebody tells them who the criminals are. They find other criminals by using science and their computers. When there is a bank robbery, the police first look t 1 their computers for the names of the bank robbers that they know about. Then they go and talk to any of these robbers who are not in p 2 . They ask them where they were when the robbery happened. If any of these people cannot give a good a 3 , the police will often use science to find out if one of them is the robber.
Many criminals leave something of themselves at the places of the c 4 like a fingerprint or a hair. Or they take something away on their s 5 or clothes, like dirt or animal hair. If they leave behind some of their b 6 or their hair or a piece of skin, it will have their DNA inside it.
Everyone’s DNA is different and their f 7 are also different. So, if a criminal cuts himself during a robbery or leaves his hair, or e 8 a small piece of skin, scientists can find out what his DNA is. The police can then ask the s 9 to give them his hair or some blood and see w 10 it has the same DNA. Many criminals are in prison today because of this kind of evidences.
C
Robert was a young man who majored（主修）in creative advertising in college. He walked to his c 1 for daily lessons because he lived nearby. One morning, he went to his college on foot as he u 2 did. He saw a blind man sitting on the steps of a building with a sign by his feet that r 3 : ＂I am blind, please help.＂ Robert was walking by the blind man and stopped to d 4 that the man only had a few coins in his hat. He put a few of his own coins in the hat, and w 5 stopping to ask for permission(允许), took the sign, turned it around, and wrote a new message. He then placed the sign by the feet of the blind man, and went on his w 6 .
Later that afternoon Robert returned by the blind man and n 7 that his hat was almost completely f 8 of bills and coins. The blind man recognized his footsteps and asked if it was him who had changed his sign. He also wanted to know what was w 9 on it.
The young man replied: ＂I just changed your m 10 , so people could relate(联系) to it.＂ He wished the man well, said goodbye and left.
The blind man didn’t know it, but his new sign now said：＂Today Is Spring and I Cannot See It.＂

A（2019 •天津市）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整．每空限填一词。
The villagers in Mhangeni， Africa． faced a very big challenge（挑战）．They didn't have a school for their kids．
Then the village elder thought of an （1）i　dea　． He said that there was an old， abandoned （废弃的）farmhouse． It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing（装设备）it． All the villagers were （2）p　leased　with his suggestion and started the project immediately． The parents repaired the broken walls． Some villagers （3）d　ivided　the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood． The others helped make desks and chairs for the students． Still， there was much more work to do． But the rains were coming． They had to （4）s　top　working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant．
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by （5）t　hemselves　．They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened．They didn't want to delay（耽搁） their studies． Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes（灌木）．
The news about the project （6）s　pread　and many people knew it． Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help out． and two foreign visitors were also touched （感动） by the children's （7）a　ctions　．They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery．
After 10 days of hard work， the new school was （8）r　eady　．The kids were very happy but a bit worried﹣they were behind in their studies．
Besides（除…之外）this， they also faced many （9）d　ifficulties　．There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students． And two or three students had to share one book．
However， the children are happy to study in school﹣（10）e　specially　in their new school which they helped to build． Though their school might not be modern， their dream of having a school near their homes has come true．
B（2019 •湖北省武汉市）
阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。
It was at an exhibition of the artist’s works organized by the Red Cross. I was invited as a special g___51___to attend the exhibition. During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature(签名).
“I haven’t brought my pen. Is the p___52___okay?” Actually, I knew they wouldn’t r___53___. I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___54___readers.
“Certainly,” the young girls readily a___55___. I could see they were very excited. Of course, their excitement also made me feel more pleased and satisfied. One of the girls h___56___her fine notebook to me. I turned over the cover of the notebook, wrote a few words of encouragement n____57____and signed my name. The girl read my signature, frowned (皱眉), looked at me carefully and asked, “Aren’t you Robert Char?”
“No,” I told her proudly, “I’m the author of Alice Adams, the w___58___of two Pulitzer Prizes.”
The young girl turned to the o___59___,shrugged (耸肩) and said, “Mary, lend your rubber to me.” At that moment, all my p____60____turned into a bubble (泡泡) immediately. Since then, I always warn myself: no matter how outstanding you are, don’t think highly of yourself.
C（2019 •泰州市）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺。

Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand smoke. But have you h_____71_____ of "third-hand" smoke?
Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces (表面) of things around, l______72______ furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco (烟草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette (香烟) has been put out. This can cause a great danger to your family, e_____73_____younger children.
Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is b_____74_____ they are often close to surfaces of things. Such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they t_____75_____ these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.
So, it is necessary and important to say n_____76_____ to third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict r_____77_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes o____78____ the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he f_____79_____ smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house. Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby.
Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn't mean he or she is s_______80_______". Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.
D
（2018﹒天津）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different w___56___of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i___57___the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow (影子)showed the movement of the s___58___they were able to determine（测定）midday.
About 3,500 years ago, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure (测量)the time for half a day. On c___59___days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.
Water clocks were the f___60___clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动） from one container（容器）to another. When the water reaches a certain l ___61___ it moves a lever (控制杆)and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f___62___ to keep accurate（精确的）time.
In the 13th century. the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b___63___was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条)were added around 1500. This i____64____accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.
In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.
More recently, in1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites（人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c___65___. Man of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments.
E
（2017﹒天津）Lan Lan, a student of Grade Seven in Lushan, was taking a drawing class in a tent on April 23. Guess what she drew—a house with wings. When the teacher asked why she did so, Lan said if her house could f 1 , it wouldn’t fall down in an earthquake.
Lan’s hometown was hit by a s 2 earthquake on April 20. At least 196 people were killed and more than 11,000 were injured. Many people became homeless. Soldiers and doctors q 3 arrived in the area, saving people and rebuilding homes. Lots of money was sent there to help all those in need.
Although we can’t prevent (阻止) an earthquake from happening, we can use some methods to r 4 harm. During an earthquake, do not jump out of high buildings because it is very d 5 . Another method is to cover your head and neck u 6 a strong table or desk. If there is no shelter (躲避处) nearby, you can also stay by a wall, and cover your head and neck with your arms and hands. And then you must keep calm and stay there u 7 the shaking stops.
Japan is a c 8 which lies on the earthquake belt (地震带) and it is very good at dealing with earthquakes. From a very young age, the Japanese are already taught how to survive (幸存) them. Students often receive earthquake training. Almost in every Japanese family you can find a survival kit (救生装备) with a flash-light, a radio, water and enough food for several days. This helps people to stay a 9 after an earthquake.
＂There should be more safety t 10 at schools in our country,＂ said Xu Jiannong, an education expert in Beijing. There is no more truth than this when one’s life is the most important of all.
F
（2017﹒江苏南京）＂Kids can make a difference.＂ Craig Kielburger said. When Craig was 12, he s 1 a group that has helped kids all over the world.
How did Craig get started? In the seventh grade he learned something that made him a 2 . A 6-year-old boy in Pakistan was sent to work in a factory. The boy could not go to school. He could not even play. He had no freedom (自由) at all.
Craig c 3 that with his own life. Laws in his country said that kids must go to school. E 4 was free to all kids. But in some countries school was not free. Children from poor families went to work instead of to school.
Craig wanted to help those who didn’t have the same a 5 as he and his friends. As a result, Craig and some friends started Free The Children.
Craig and his friends decided that Free The Children should r 6 money to build schools. Craig hoped that learning would help kids in poverty (贫困) live b 7 .
Today, Craig’s charity has more than one million members in 45 countries. It is s 8 going strong. The money they have raised has done many good things. It has helped build more than 500 schools around the world. It also pays for health care in p 9 communities.
Craig has had a lot of success. However, he still remembers his unpleasant start in the seventh grade.
＂We were laughed at by other kids, who said you c 10 change things,＂ he says. Still, Craig didn’t give up. Now he wants more kids to help. ＂Go to freethechildren.com. Bring it to your teachers,＂ he says. ＂As you gain more confidence, friends will join you. It just gets easier.＂
G
（2017﹒山东德州）One afternoon, I went into an art museum while waiting for my husband. I hoped to enjoy the works of art quietly.
A young couple walked in front of me and talked a 1 the paintings between themselves all the time. The lady did almost all the talking, but the man kept listening to her. I thought the man was very patient b 2 nobody would like to be bothered (打扰) while enjoying the paintings.
I met them several t 3 as I moved through the different rooms of the art museum. Each time I heard her talking, I moved a 4 quickly.
I was p 5 for some gifts at the museum shop when the couple walked slowly to the exit (出口). Before they left, the man t 6 out a cane (拐杖). Then he tapped (轻敲) his way to the coatroom to g 7 the jacket for his wife.
＂He is a brave man,＂ the worker of the shop said. ＂He decided not to change his life after his eyes got hurt. Though he is b 8 now, he never gives up. He and his wife come here whenever there is a new art show.＂
＂But what can he get out of the art? He can’t see!＂ I asked.
＂You are wrong. He s 9 a lot, more than you and I do.＂ The worker said, ＂His wife describes e 10 painting so he can see it in his mind.＂
I fell silent. Then I realized that I learnt something about patience, courage and love that day.

A
（江苏省扬州市江都区邵樊片2018届九年级12月月考）At the age of 15 , Yang Mi was a m 1 in the fashion magazine, Ray. When she was a senior three student at the age of 18, she p 2 Guo Xiang in The Return of the Dondor（神鹰）Heroes. At 19, she was admitted by the Beijing Film Academy a 3 the top student. As the ＂Queen of big data ＂in the showbiz（娱乐圈）, she surprised people with a 4 data（数据）.She starred（主演） in 16 TV series and 24 movies within 5 years. She has 75 million followers on Webo. Her TV series Les Interpretes ended with the highest ratings（收视率） drama of 2016. In 2017, she starred in Ten Great III of Peach Blossom（《三生三世十里桃花》） , which broke the r 5 of webcasting with 30 billion hits. The v 6 of her studio, JayWalk Studio, rises from 25 million yuan to 5 billion yuan. From an unpopular a 7 to a popular ＂Queen of big data＂, it only takes her less than ten years to accomplish it. She now has become the hottest s 8 at the era of big data（大数据时代）.
There are endless topics around Yang Mi: her friendship with Liu Shishi and Tan Yan, her former relationship with Hu Ge …Plus, a 9 her acting skills were controversial（有争议的）, her works were Internet phenomena（网络爆红）. She now has b 10 the representative of young people in tough times.
B
（2017-2018上海市复兴中学九上期中）Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland（《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》，1865）, written by British writer Lewis Carroll, is a fairy tale about the imaginary world of Alice. The girl falls into a rabbit hole by accident and ends up in a fantasy world filled with strange creatures. She meets an evil queen and ends up bravely fighting against her. During her struggle, Alice wakes up and r 1 it was all just a dream. The passages b 2 describes the first scene of the story. Let’s see how Alice falls into the rabbit hole.
She often saw rabbits in the garden, but this rabbit was different. He had large, pink ears, like most rabbits, but unlike most rabbits, he was wearing a blue coat and had a watch in his hand. He was looking at his watch and saying, ＂Oh, dear! Oh, dear! I shall be too late!＂
＂I’ll catch him at the fence,＂ thought Alice.
But, when the rabbit came to the fence, he went down a rabbit hole.
Alice followed him. She was inside a dark hole and she was falling. E 3 the hole was very deep or she was falling very slowly. She saw lots of things on her way down. There were cupboards on the sides of the hole, and maps and pictures. She fell and fell such a long way! She began to think she was going to fall all the way to Australia! But, after a very long time, her fall s 4 came to an end.
Alice found herself s 5 on dry leaves and she wasn’t hurt at all. She stood up quickly. She could see the white rabbit in the d 6 . He was still hurrying and looking at his watch.
＂I mustn’t lost him now,＂ thought Alice. She ran after him. As he turned a corner, she heard him say, ＂Oh, dear! Oh, dear! I’m so late!＂
Alice was close behind him, but when she turned the corner, the white rabbit was not there anymore. Alice looked around. She was in a long, dark, empty hall, but some lamps on the ceiling（天花板）gave it light. There were doors all around the hall. Did the rabbit go out of one of the doors?
She walked right around and tried to open each door, but she couldn’t. There weren’t any k 7 .
C
（江苏省苏州市张家港市2016-2017学年初三期末调研）Alison Lapper, a very unusual painter, paints pictures for a living. She doesn’t use her h 1 when she paints. She uses her mouth! Alison was born w 2 any arms. Her physical problem caused her to spend the first seventeen years of her life in a hospital. B 3 this didn’t stop her from making her dreams in life come t 4 . She r 5 that even though she was disabled，she could express herself as freely as normal people. This was w 6 got her to start drawing paintings.
Although Alison lives quite a d 7 life from others, she believes that she can succeed as o 8 . Her paintings are excellent and they do not look like they were drawn by s 9 who used her mouth. Alison has become a symbol of courage. Her active way of living has e 10 many disabled people around the world and will continue to do so in the future.

跟踪训练
A
【文章大意】短文的作者与朋友一起谈论了学校的一些规章制度。在他们学校学生每天都要穿校服，但有些同学认为穿校服很难看，应该允许学生穿自己的衣服。老师则认为如果那样的话，学生们会更注重衣服而不是学习。他们还认为父母应该允许青少年在晚上集体学习，假期应该更长些，更长的假期会给学生时间去做志愿者之类的事情。
1. wear 【解析】句意：在我们学校，我们每天都要穿校服。have to do sth.必须做某事，结合句意以及首字母提示可知，答案为wear。
2. are 【解析】句意：问题是我所有的同学都认为校服很难看。ugly是形容词，与前面的系动词构成系表结构，故答案为are。
3. smart 【解析】句意：我们认为年轻人应该看起来机智。look为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，根据首字母提示可知，答案为smart。
4. than 【解析】句意：我们会更注重衣服而不是学习。more是much的比较级，拿衣服与学习相比较，此句缺少连词than。
5. studying 【解析】句意：我们会觉得舒服些，这对学习很有好处。be good for对……有益，for后跟V-ing形式，根据首字母提示可知，答案为studying。
6. happy 【解析】句意：这是一个让老师和学生都开心的好方法。keep sb.+adj.使某人怎么样，形容词作宾语补足语，根据首字母提示可知，答案为happy。
7. allow 【解析】句意：父母允许青少年在晚上集体学习也是一个好主意。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，结合句意以及首字母提示可知，答案为allow。
8. but 【解析】句意：我们可以从彼此身上学到很多东西。前句的句意为：我知道我们有时会吵闹，与本句之间构成转折关系，故答案为but。
9. give 【解析】句意：更长的假期会给我们时间去做志愿者之类的事情。would后跟动词原形，根据句意以及首字母提示可知，答案为give。
10. be/become 【解析】句意：这对我来说是一次很好的经历，因为我长大后想成为一名医生。want to do sth.想做某事，结合句意可知，答案为be/become。
B
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，作者简单介绍了警察是如何通过犯罪嫌疑人在现场留下的罪证，诸如指纹、头发、血迹或皮肤，进行DNA比对，从而确定谁是罪犯的，显示了科学的强大用途。
1. through 【解析】look through仔细检查/审查（某物）；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可知填through。
2. prison 【解析】in prison坐牢/进监狱；根据句意和英文提示，可知填prison。
3. answer 【解析】根据句意和英文提示，联系上文They ask them where they were when the robbery happened.，可知是give a good answer给出一个好答案，故填answer。
4. crime 【解析】at the places of 在……的地方；根据句意和英文提示，可知填crime。
5. shoes 【解析】clothes衣物；or或者，前后是并列关系，表选择；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可知填shoes。
6. blood 【解析】or或者，连接的前后是并列关系；根据句意和英文提示，结合上下文，可知填blood。
7. fingerprints 【解析】根据句意和英文提示，联系前文Many criminals leave something of themselves at the places of the crime like a fingerprint or a hair，可知填fingerprints。
8. even 【解析】a small piece of skin一小块皮肤；根据句意，这里是强调，结合英文提示，可知填even。
9. suspect 【解析】ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事；the suspect嫌疑犯；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可知填suspect。
10. whether 【解析】see看，后面句子是宾语从句，做其宾语；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可知填whether。
C
【文章大意】这是一篇爱心小故事，讲述了主修创意广告的大学生罗伯特创意地为一个盲人修改行乞标牌的事情经过，赞扬了他的智慧和爱心。
1. college 【解析】his他的，后接名词；根据句意和首字母提示，结合下文he went to his college on foot，可知填college。
2. usually 【解析】do做，谓语动词，可用副词修饰；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上文He walked to his college for daily lessons，可知填usually。
3. read 【解析】根据句意和首字母提示，结合下文＂I am blind, please help.＂是木牌上面的具体内容，可知填read。
4. discover 【解析】stop to do停下来去做另一件事；根据句意和首字母提示，结合下文the man only had a few coins in his hat.是他看到的东西，可知填discover。
5. without 【解析】stopping动名词形式，前面需用介词；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上下文，可知填without。
6. way 【解析】go on his way继续走他的路；根据句意和首字母提示，结合文意，可知填way。
7. noticed 【解析】根据句意和首字母提示，可知填noticed。
8. full 【解析】full of充满，尽是；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上文who majored in creative advertising in college.，可知填full。
9. written 【解析】want to know想知道；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上文asked if it was him who had changed his sign.，可知填written。
10. message 【解析】your你的，后接名词；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上文内容，可知填message。
真题再现
A
【文章大意】非洲Mhangeni的村民面临一个严重的问题．他们村子没有学校，他们一起努力给孩子们建了一所学校，虽然学校很简陋，但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习．
1．idea 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：村子里的老者想出来一个主意．i开头的单词，idea意见，想法．符合语境．故答案为：idea．
2．pleased 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：所有的村民对他的建议很满意，并开始开始了这个工厂．p开头的单词，pleased满意的，be pleased with对……满意．符合语境．故答案为：pleased．
3． divided 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室．d开头的单词，divide分开，divide……into把……分成……符合语境．根据语境，需要使用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided．故答案为：divided．
4．stop 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：他们不得不停止工作，因为现在对他们来说，是最好的种植的时间．s开头，stop停止，stop doing停止做．符合语境．had to后面接动词原形．故答案为：stop．
5．themselves 【解析】考查反身代词；分析语境，此处表示：所以，Mhangeni的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子，themselves他们自己，符合语境．故答案为：themselves．
6．spread 【解析】考查动词；此处意思为：关于这个项目的消息传播出去，很多人都知道它了．s开头，spread传播，符合语境．根据语境，此处需要用一般过去时，spread的过去式是spread．故答案为：spread．
7．actions 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：而且，两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了．a开头的词，action行动，可数名词，此处表示孩子们的行动，用可数名词的复数形式．故答案为：actions．
8．ready 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：经过10天的努力工作后，新学校已经准备好了．r开头的词，ready准备好的．符合语境．故答案为：ready．
9．difficulties 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：除此之外，他们还面临了很多困难．d开头，difficulty困难，可数名词，前面有many，此处需要用名词复数形式．difficulty的复数形式是difficulties．故答案为：difficulties．
10．especially 【解析】考查副词；分析语境，此处表示：然而，孩子们很开心在学校里学习﹣﹣尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里．e开头的词，especially尤其．符合语境．故答案为：especially．
【点评】此类题目，需要分析语境，并且需要熟记单词，再结合语法结构，便可得出正确答案．
B
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述我应邀参加红十字会举办的艺术家作品展，之前我非常的自豪和骄傲。两个小女孩找我要签名，我给其中一个女孩签完名后，女孩非常吃惊，我不是罗伯特查尔，我在那里自夸自己获得两次普利策奖。然而这个小女孩向另一个小女孩借了橡皮擦掉了我的签名。自此，作者经常警示自己：无论你多么优秀，不要过高地赞扬你自己。
51. guest 句意“我作为一个特邀嘉宾参加了这个展览”。根据句意可知，表示“特邀嘉宾”。guest客人，且根据空前a可知，用单数，故填guest。
52. pencil 句意“我没带钢笔，铅笔可以吗？”。根据Mary, lend your rubber to me可知，一个女孩向另一个女孩借橡皮擦我的签名，所以空处表示“铅笔”。pencil铅笔，且根据is可知，用单数，故填pencil。
53. refuse 句意“事实上，我知道他们不会拒绝”。根据I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___4___readers可知，我认为她们不会拒绝，我只想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为。refuse拒绝，且根据空前wouldn’t可知，用动词原形，故填refuse。
54. common 句意“我仅仅想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为”。根据首字母可知，表示“普通的读者”。common普通的，故填common。
55. agreed 句意““当然”，这个小女孩很乐意地同意了”。根据文意可知，我没有带钢笔，所以问他们铅笔可不可以，他们同意用铅笔。agree同意，且根据全文可知，用一般过去时，故填agreed。
56. handed 句意“其中的一个小女孩将她精美的笔记本递给我”。根据文意可知，小女孩找我要签名，所以他们将本子递给我。hand递，且根据全文可知，用一般过去时，故填handed。
57. naturally 句意“我翻开笔记本的封面，自然而然地写了几个鼓励的词并且签了我的名字”。根据句意可知，表示很自然地写下几个鼓励的单词，且空处修饰动词wrote，用副词，故填naturally。
58. winner 句意“我是《寂寞芳心》的作者，两次普利策奖的获得者”。根据I told her proudly可知，表示我很自豪地告诉他们我是两次普利策奖的获奖者。winner赢家，获奖者，都是指“我”，用单数，故填winner。
59. other 句意“这个年轻的女孩转向另一个女孩，耸耸肩说：把你的橡皮借给我”。根据During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature可知，是两个女孩，所以表示“两者中另一个”，用the other，故填other。
60. pride 句意“在那个时候，所有我的自豪立刻都变成了泡沫”。根据I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___4___readers以及“No,” I told her proudly可知，之前我很自豪，所以我的自豪变成了泡沫。根据空前my可知，空处用名词。pride自豪，故填pride。
C
【文章大意】本文介绍了“三手”烟的危害。“三手”烟是指：附着在家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的烟草颗粒。这会对家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。因为婴儿刚学会走路，当他们接触这些表面时，他们的手会受到污染。因此对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。应该制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。
71. heard 句意：但是你听说过“三手”烟吗？由语境和首字母提示可知，填：hear；hear of：听说。分析句子But have you h_____71_____ of "third-hand" smoke?的结构可知，本题为现在完成时的一般疑问句，其结构是：助动词has/have+动词的过去分词。故答案为：heard。
72. like 句意：第“三手”烟是指家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的污染物。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：like；like在这里用来表示举例，所以答案为：like。
73. especially 句意：这会对你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially；especially是个副词，表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是这种用法，用especially来列举一个具有代表性的例子（younger children），来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。故答案为：especially。
74. because 句意：这是因为它们经常接近如地板、墙壁和家具上残留着烟草颗粒的物体的表面。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：because；根据Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. 婴儿刚学会走路。他们更有可能受到第三手烟的伤害。可知，因为婴儿刚学会走路，所以他们会扶着这些物体，因此接触的机会就多，因此会受到危害。这里解释了婴儿受到危害的原因，故答案为：because。
75. touch 句意：当他们接触这些表面时，他们的手会受到污染。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：touch；主句they get their hands polluted. 他们的手会受到污染。可知，本题的时态为一般现在时，因此再由when引导的时间状语从句中也用一般现在时，主语they是复数，因此谓语用动词原形。故答案为：touch。
76. no 句意：所以，对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：no；say no to：对……说“不”；这里是指拒绝三手烟。故答案为：no。
77. rules 句意：为此，应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：rule；根据forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes禁止在家里吸烟，中的homes是复数，因此前面的名词应该用复数形式。故答案为：rules。
78. outside 句意：如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的，请确保他在屋外吸烟。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：outside；根据To achieve this, strict r_____77_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. 应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。可知，如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的，应该是让他在屋外吸烟。故答案为：outside。
79. finished 句意：给他买一件特别的夹克和帽子，等他抽完烟，他就在进屋前把它们脱掉。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：finish；根据he will take them off before getting inside the house. 他就在进屋前把它们脱掉。可知，进屋前，烟已经吸完了，因此动作是发生在过去。故用一般过去时，所以答案为：finished。
80. safe 句意：很多时候，你看不到烟对你的孩子有害，但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：safe；根据but表示转折，说明：尽管看不到烟对孩子的危害，但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。因此才有了下文的Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke. 戒烟，或者如果不可能的话，确保你所爱的人远离三手烟。所以答案为：safe。
D
【文章大意】本文主要说明了是计时工具的发展历史，从原始计时到机械计时再到数码计时。
56. ways 【解析】前文提到＂A clock, a watch or a cell phone＂, 可知这里是在说计量时间的＂方法、手段＂， 又因为前有形容词 different 修饰，可知不止一种，所以要填复数 ways。
57. invented 【解析】根据前文people have developed可知，本文是写古人发明的记时方法，所以这里填invent发明；根据时间状语about 5500 years ago可知要使用一般过去时，所以填invented。
58. sun 【解析】根据文章可知埃及人发明的the sun clock是计时工具，那它的影子记录的肯定是太阳的运动，这里填sun。
59. cloudy 【解析】根据文章可知，埃及人发明的 sundial 和 the sun clock 都是通过记录太阳的运动轨迹来计时的，所以在没有太阳的阴天和晚上就用不了了，所以应该填cloudy。
60. first 【解析】前面两段说的计时工具都是基于太阳的运动，缺点是没有太阳的日子和时间里就用不了。所以根据文章发展，这里写到了 water clocks 是第一种不用太阳而用水来计时的，所以应该是＂首次＂，填 first。
61. level 【解析】根据前文，water clock 的工作原理是水从一个容器流到另一个容器，所以随着时间推移，水位应该是不断上升的，所以填 level，表示当水到达一个特定的水位时。
62. failed 【解析】根据这几段的行文逻辑，每次介绍一个计时工具都是先说优点再说缺点， water clock 的优点是没有太阳也能用，所以在中东和中国很受欢迎。根据转折词 but 可知后面该写缺点了，根据下一段＂机械钟更加准确＂可知水钟的缺点应该是不太准确。所以应该是考 fail to do 不能做什么。又因为全文都是一般过去时，所以填 failed。
63. but 【解析】机械钟的优点是更加准确，空后面的分句说的是造价高，所以是写缺点，前后出现了语义转折，所以应该填 but。
64. improved 【解析】根据前文＂接下来的几个世纪，它被改良了＂，所以应该是＂提升＂了精确性，所以填 improved。
65. change【解析】根据前一句＂在计时上已经有了很多的进步，但是＂可知后面应该出现语义转折，一些东西变了那另一些东西肯定是从来没＂改变＂，而且通过 nowadays 可知最后一段的时间已转到了现在，所以应该用一般现在时，填 change。
E
【文章大意】本文通过兰兰家乡在4月20日发生地震造成196人死亡，11, 000多人受伤，很多人无家可归，这个事例，说明了地震有不可预测性，又举了日本的例子，说明虽然地震虽有不可预测性但防震的安全演练非常重要。必须牢记：人的生命重于一切。
1. fly 【解析】句意：当老师问她为什么这样做时，兰说如果她的房子能飞，就不会在地震中倒塌。根据a house with wings提示房子会飞，情态动词could后接动词原形。结合句意、语境和所给字母提示可知答案是fly。
2. strong 【解析】句意：兰的家乡4月20日遭受了强烈地震的袭击。根据下句At least 196 people were killed and more than 11,000 were injured. Many people became homeless. （至少有196人死亡，11, 000多人受伤。许多人无家可归。）说明此次地震的强度大。结合句意、语境和所给字母提示可知填 strong。
3. quickly 【解析】句意：士兵和医生很快到达了这个地区，拯救了人们，重建了家园。修饰行为动词应用副词修饰。表示＂很快地＂用quickly。结合句意、语境和所给字母提示可知填quickly。
4. reduce 【解析】句意：虽然我们不能阻止地震的发生，但我们可能使用一些方法来减少伤害。Use ...to do sth.：用……做什么；reduce：减少；结合句意、语境和所给字母提示可知填reduce。
5. dangerous 【解析】句意：地震期间，不能从高楼跳下，因为很危险。表示＂危险的＂应用dangerous。结合句意、语境和所给字母提示可知填dangerous。
6. under 【解析】句意：另一个方法是在坚固的桌子底下护住你的头和脖子。表示＂在……的下面＂用under。 结合句意、语境和所给字母提示可知填under。
7. until 【解析】句意：然后你必须保持镇静，待在那儿，直到摇动停止。表示＂直到＂用until。结合句意、语境和所给字母提示可知填until。
8. country 【解析】句意：日本是一个处在地震带的国家，它擅于处理地震。表示＂国家＂ 应用country。结合句意、语境和所给字母提示可知填country。
9. alive 【解析】句意：这有助于人们在地震后存活下来。根据上句From a very young age, the Japanese are already taught how to survive (幸存) them. Students often receive earthquake training. Almost in every Japanese family you can find a survival kit (救生装备) with a flash-light, a radio, water and enough food for several days.可知，从很小的时候，日本人就已经学会了如何生存。几乎在每一个日本人的家里，你都能发现一套带有手电筒、收音机、水和能供应好几天的食品的救生装备，可知该句的句意是：这有助于人们在震后能活着。表示＂活着＂应用alive。结合句意、语境和所给字母提示可知填alive。
10. training 【解析】句意：在我们国家的学校应该有更多的安全演练。Train：训练，动词，它的名词training；此句有形容词more修饰，可知用名词形式；结合句意、语境和所给字母提示可知填training。
F
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述克雷格想帮助那些不能上学的孩子，他和他的朋友筹钱建学校，希望能让这些孩子有美好的未来。
1. started 【解析】句意＂当克雷格十二岁时，他创办了一个团队来帮助世界上的孩子＂。根据下文How did Craig get started及首字母可知，要填start，且为过去式，故填started。
2. angry 【解析】句意＂在他七年级时，他知道一些让他生气的事情＂。根据下文A 6-year-old boy in Pakistan was sent to work in a factory. The boy could not go to school. He could not even play. He had no freedom (自由) at all及首字母可知，故填angry。
3. compared 【解析】句意＂克雷格对比了一下他自己的生活＂。根据下文Laws in his country said that kids must go to school可知，用他的生活与其他地方的生活做比较，且为过去式。故填compared。
4. Education 【解析】句意＂教育对所有的孩子都是免费的＂。根据下文But in some countries school was not free. Children from poor families went to work instead of to school以及首字母可知，故填Education。
5. advantages 【解析】句意＂克雷格想帮助那些没有他和他的朋友优势的那些学生＂。根据首字母可知，advantage优势，且用复数，故填advantage。
6. raise 【解析】句意＂克雷格和他的朋友决定建立儿童解放组织应该筹钱来建立学校＂。raise money筹钱，且should后用动词原形，故填raise。
7. better 【解析】句意＂克雷格希望学习会让那些处于贫困的孩子学习的更好＂。better更好，根据句意，故填better。
8. still 【解析】句意＂如今，克雷格的慈善机构在45个国家有超过一百万的会员且仍然在增长＂。根据句意以及首字母可知，故填still。
9. poor 【解析】句意＂它在世界上建立了超过500所学校，还在贫困地区支付医疗费用＂。根据句意以及首字母可知，故填poor。
10. couldn’t 【解析】句意＂我们被其他的孩子嘲笑说你们不能改变这些事情＂。根据下文Still, Craig didn’t give up以及首字母可知，故填couldn’t。
G
【文章大意】作者在参观美术博物馆时，看到一对夫妇一直谈论油画。这个男人是一名画家，在一次事故中眼睛失明，但他不愿放弃原先的生活。在他的妻子帮助下他＂看＂到了更多作品。作者那一天很受启发，他对耐心、勇气和爱有了新的认识。
1. about 【解析】句意：一对年轻夫妇走在我面前，他们一直谈论着他们之间的绘画。短语talk about：谈论；结合句意和语境及首字母提示可知填about。
2. because 【解析】句意：我认为男人很有耐心，因为当欣赏画时没有人会喜欢被打扰。两个句子的前后关系是因果，结合句意和语境首字母提示可知填because。
3. times 【解析】句意：当我穿过美术馆的不同房间时，我见过他们几次。结合句意和语境首字母提示可知填times。
4. away 【解析】句意：每次我听到她说话，我就赶紧走开。move away：走开，离开；结合句意和语境首字母提示可知填away。
5. paying 【解析】句意：当夫妇慢慢走到出口时，我在博物馆商店买一些礼物。when当……时候，在那个时候，引导的时间状语从句时，主句一般用进行时态，主句中有系动词was可知用进行时态；结合句意和语境首字母提示可知填paying。
6. took 【解析】句意：在他们离开之前，这个男人拿出一个拐杖。take out：拿出来；从句是过去时，主句也应用过去时，结合句意和语境首字母提示可知填took。
7. get 【解析】句意：然后他用轻敲寄物处的方式为妻子取外套。get sth. for sb.：给……某人取/去拿/买某物。这里是动词不定式作目的状语；结合句意和语境及首字母提示可知填get。
8. blind 【解析】句意：虽然他现在失明了，但他从不放弃。根据上文He decided not to change his life after his eyes got hurt.（在眼睛受伤后他决定不改变自己的生活。）结合句意和语境及首字母提示可知填blind。
9. sees 【解析】句意：他比我和你所看到的都多。根据句中than you and I do.的时态可知用一般现在时，一般现在时要注意主谓一致。本句主语是he，谓语动词用单数，结合句意和语境及首字母提示可知填sees。
10. every/each 【解析】句意：他的妻子描绘了每一幅画，这样他就能在脑海中看到它。every/each：每一个；结合句意和语境及首字母提示可知填every/each。
模拟检测
A
【文章大意】本文介绍了影视明星杨幂演艺事业的开始和发展的历程，她已经成为困难时期年轻人的代表。
1. model 【解析】句意：在15岁时，杨幂是时尚杂志《瑞丽》的模特。model名词，模特。a model一名模特。故填：model。
2. played 【解析】句意：在她18岁作为高中三年级的学生时，她扮演了《神雕侠侣》中郭襄的角色。play动词，扮演；played动词过去式。本句是一般过去时态的句子，所以动词使用过去式形式。故填：played。
3. as 【解析】句意：19岁时，她被北京电影学院作为优等生录取。as介词，作为，后跟表示职业或身份的词。故填：as。
4. amazing 【解析】句意：作为娱乐圈的收视女王，她使人们惊讶于其惊人的数据。amazing形容词，令人惊奇的，修饰后面的名词data。故填：amazing。
5. record 【解析】句意：2017年，她出演的《三生三世十里桃花》，用300亿的点击率打破了网络直播的记录。record名词，记录。the record of……的记录。故填：record。
6. value 【解析】句意：她的工作室，嘉行传媒的价值，从原来的2500万元涨到50亿元。value名词，价值。the value of……的价值。故填：value。
7. actress 【解析】句意：从一个不受欢迎的女演员到一个受欢迎的＂收视女王＂，她只用了不到十年的时间就完成了。actress 【解析】名词，女演员，杨幂是女演员。故填：actress。
8. star/superstar 【解析】句意：她现在已经成为大数据时代最炙手可热的明星。star名词，明星；superstar名词，超级明星。故填：star/superstar。
9. although 【解析】句意：加之，虽然她的演技是有争议的，但是她的作品还是网络爆红。although连词，尽管，引导让步状语从句。故填：although。
10. become 【解析】句意：她现在已经成为困难时期年轻人的代表。become动词，成为；became过去式；become过去分词。本句是现在完成时态的句子：have/has+动词过去分词。故填：become。
B
【文章大意】本文主要是《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》简介和这个故事的第一个场景。它是由英国作家卡罗尔写的一个关于爱丽丝想象世界的童话。在第一个场景里描写了爱丽丝怎么样掉进兔子洞的故事。
1. realizes 【解析】句意：在挣扎中，爱丽丝醒来意识到这一切只是一个梦。And并列连词，前后动词形式一致，wakes up是三单，后面也应用三单，结合句意、所给字母提示和语境可知填realizes。
2. below 【解析】句意：下面的短文描述了故事的第一个场景。根据下文Let’s see how Alice falls into the rabbit hole.（让我们看看爱丽丝如何掉进兔子洞里。）结合句意、所给字母提示和语境可知填below。
3. Either 【解析】句意：要么是洞很深，要么是她在慢慢下落。短语Either ...or...：或者……或者……；根据上文She was inside a dark hole and she was falling.（她在一个黑洞里，她在坠落。）结合句意、所给字母提示和语境可知填Either。
4. suddenly 【解析】句意：但是，过了很长一段时间，她的下落突然结束了。根据上文She fell and fell such a long way! She began to think she was going to fall all the way to Australia!（她落啊落，落了这么长的路！她开始认为她会一路掉到澳大利亚去！）结合句意、所给字母提示和语境可知填suddenly。
5. sitting 【解析】句意：爱丽丝发现自己坐在干燥的树叶上，没受一点伤。Find sb. doing sth.：发现某人正在做某事；结合句意、所给字母提示和语境可知填sitting。
6. distance 【解析】句意：她能看见远处的白兔。根据下文She ran after him（她追赶他。）结合句意、所给字母提示和语境可知填distance。
7. keys 【解析】句意：没有钥匙。根据上文She walked right around and tried to open each door, but she couldn’t.（她到处走，试图打开每扇门，但她不能。）结合句意、所给字母提示和语境可知填keys。
C
【文章大意】这是一篇励志小故事，讲述了残疾人艾丽森克服困难用嘴作画，最终成为画家的故事，赞扬了她积极面对生活的勇气。
1. hands 【解析】use使用；根据句意和首字母提示，结合下文She uses her mouth!，可知填hands。
2. without 【解析】根据句意和首字母提示，联系上文She doesn’t use her hands when she paints.可知填without。
3. But 【解析】本句和上文是转折关系，根据句意和首字母提示，可知填But。
4. true 【解析】come true实现，成真；根据句意和首字母提示，可知填true。
5. realized 【解析】本句是宾语从句，根据从句时态（过去时）可知主句动词用过去式；结合句意和首字母提示，可知填realized。
6. what 【解析】本句是表语从句，根据句意和首字母提示，结合表语从句引导词，可知填what。
7. different 【解析】different from和……不同；根据句意和首字母提示，可知填different。
8. others 【解析】as像……一样；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上文Alison lives quite a different life from others,可知填others。
9. someone 【解析】who used her mouth是定语从句，作前面空的定语，指人；根据句意和首字母提示，可知填someone。
10. encouraged 【解析】encourage鼓励，激励；根据句意和首字母提示，结合本句时态是现在完成时，可知填encouraged。