专题8+阅读理解——记叙文类 练习

这是一份专题8+阅读理解——记叙文类 练习，共48页。试卷主要包含了细节事实理解，主题理解或写作意图推断，推理推断，词义等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题8 阅读理解——记叙文类
方法与技巧
方法概述
记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；（2）若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 “逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
命题方式
考点一、细节事实理解。
一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题学@科@网范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。
此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问
1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?
2.Which of the following is not mentioned?
3.All of the following are true except...
4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？
1.直接事实题
在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：
A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.
This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.
This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.
Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .
A.between Arizona and Nevada
B.in the Black Canyon
C.between New York and San Francisco
D.both A and B
【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。
2.间接事实题
解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。
Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.
Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.
“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.
Q：Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.
C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.
D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.
【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。
3、数据推算。
If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ .
A.$100　 B.$300　 C.$350　 D.$400
这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：
1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。
2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。
3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。
考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。
一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容
1.短文的标题（title,headline）；
2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；
3.中心思想(main idea)；
4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。
二、此类题的设问方式
1.What would be the best title for the text?
2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
3.What is the passage mainly about?
4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.
考点三、推理推断。
推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。
此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：
1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.
2.What can be inferred from the Passage?
3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?
4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.
5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.
6.The writer implies that__________.
7.It can be inferred that__________.
8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________.
9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________.
10.From the text we can conclude that__________.
11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________.
12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?
13.The author is inclined to think that__________.
14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________.
15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?
16.In the writer’s opinion,...
考点四、词义、句义猜测。
词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。
此类题的设问方式主要有
1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by...
2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests...
3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...
4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
1.定义法。如:
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。
It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。
The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。
2.同位法。如:
They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.
同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。
3.对比法。如:
She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:
Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?
possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。
5.因果法。如：
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.
从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。
体验高考
1.[2017·北京卷]
A
It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth­grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.
Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground.“Paris's eyes rolled back，” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”
It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？”
CPR is a life­saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn't think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor.
Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris's heartbeat returned.
“I know I was really lucky，” Paris says now. “Most people don't survive this. My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right: for a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now，” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”
56．What happened to Paris on a March day?
A．She caught a bad cold.
B．She had a sudden heart problem.
C．She was knocked down by a ball.
D．She shivered terribly during practice.
57．Why does Paris say she was lucky?
A．She made a worthy friend.
B．She recovered from shock.
C．She received immediate CPR.
D．She came back on the softball team.
58．Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?
A．Enthusiastic and kind.
B．Courageous and calm.
C．Cooperative and generous.
D．Ambitious and professional.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球女孩 Paris 在打球的过程中突然心力衰竭， 队友 Taylor对其进行了紧急心肺复苏，Paris因此恢复了心跳的故事。文章旨在说明病人心力衰竭时， 其他人保持冷静并对其进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。
56．B　细节理解题。 根据第三段中“It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.”可知， Paris突然心力衰竭，所以答案为B。
57．C　推理判断题。根据第六段可知队友的协助使Paris得到了及时的救助，所以 Paris说自己很幸运。故答案为 C。
58．B　推理判断题。根据第五段中“But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.”可知Taylor非常的勇敢，以及第六段首句“Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down.”可知， Taylor是一个勇敢、冷静的女孩， 所以答案为 B。
2.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
B
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2­ to 3­week­old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
24．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to Paragraph 1?
A．Efforts made in vain.
B．Getting injured in his work.
C．Feeling uncertain about his future.
D．Creatures forced out of their homes.
25．Why was the author called to Muttontown?
A．To rescue a woman.
B．To take care of a woman.
C．To look at a baby owl.
D．To cure a young owl.
26．What made the chick calm down?
A．A new nest.
B．Some food.
C．A recording.
D．Its parents.
27．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?
A．It's unexpected.
B．It's beautiful.
C．It's humorous.
D．It's discouraging.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。
24. A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知，救助受伤动物是令人心碎的，因为不知道被救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。
25. C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2­ to 3­week­old owl.”可知，有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。故选C。
26. A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.”可知，在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就平静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰平静下来的。故选A。
27. B　推理判断题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母。作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的“However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.”可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。
3.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
B
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theatre and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心)of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.
24．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A．Paul Newman wanted it.
B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.
C．He wasn't famous enough.
D．The director recommended someone else.
25．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A．They were of the same age.
B．They worked in the same theatre.
C．They were both good actors.
D．They had similar characteristics.
26．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Their belief.
B．Their care for children.
C．Their success.
D．Their support for each other.
27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To show his love of films.
B．To remember a friend.
C．To introduce a new movie.
D．To share his acting experience.
【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。作者深情地追忆了自己和Paul Newman志趣相投、信念相守的深厚的友情。
24. C　推理判断题。由第一段第二句“When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul…”可知，摄制组拒绝接纳“我”，因为“我”没有Paul有名气，由此可以推断作者当时名气不足。
25. D　推理判断题。第二段第一句后半部分及后面的内容详细说明了作者和Paul的共同志向、追求与爱好。尽管两人年龄差距很大，但是因为性格相似、志趣相投而成为忘年交。
26. A　代词指代题。第三段第一句中的belief后接同位语从句，详细介绍了二人的共同信念：if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back(若有幸取得成功，应该知恩图报)。后句说尽管他们不常见面，但共同的信念让他们心灵相依。由此可知此处的that指的是belief。
27. B　写作意图题。文章最后一句点明写作目的。朋友生病住院甚至已不在人世，但他们之间的友情不需要话语就可以珍藏怀念。
4.[2017·天津卷]
B
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn't want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger's bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don't even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others' spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
41．What happened when the author was about to take a photo?
A．Her camera stopped working.
B．A woman blocked her view.
C．Someone asked her to leave.
D．A friend approached from behind.
42．According to the author, the woman was probably ________．
A．enjoying herself
B．losing her patience
C．waiting for the sunset
D．thinking about her past
43．In the author's opinion, what makes the photo so alive?
A．The rich colour of the landscape.
B．The perfect positioning of the camera.
C．The woman's existence in the photo.
D．The soft sunlight that summer day.
44．The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________．
A．the need to be close to nature
B．the importance of private space
C．the joy of the vacation in Italy
D．the shared passion for beauty
45．The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon ________．
A．a particular life experience
B．the pleasure of travelling
C．the art of photography
D．a lost friendship
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者本来想照一张最好的照片，结果一位女士一直待在那里毁了作者的想法。后来作者把那个人照了进来，而且还把那张照片挂在了卧室里。作者通过这件事意识到自己或许也是别人照片里的风景。
41. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.”可知“我”刚要拍照，突然一位女士从后面靠近，挡了“我”的视线。
42. A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“…sigh and appreciate the view.”以及第三段中的倒数第二句“She seemed so content in her observation.”可知这位女士沉浸在美丽的风景中，非常满足。
43. C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后一句“The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.”可知“我”认为这张照片之所以有了生命力，是因为那位女士在照片中的存在。
44. D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“…to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.”可知“我”从这张照片中更好地理解了人们对美景的共同的爱。
45. A　推理判断题。根据文章的内容：作者要拍照，却因一位女士一直站在那里，所以只好把她一起拍进去。但后来作者发现照片因这位女士的存在显得更加生动了。因此可知这篇文章是作者对一次特殊的人生经历的思考。
5.【2016·全国新课标I】C
I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.
I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.
29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17
A provider B delivery man
C collector D medical doctor
30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?
A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.
B. The donor can only wait for that long.
C. The operation needs that very much.
D. The ice won't last any longer.
31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?
A. To London        B. To  Newark C. To Providence       D. To Washington
【答案】
29-31.B D.B
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。
29.B词义猜测题。根据本段内容 I’ve done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。故选B 。
【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测2.根据同位关系进行猜测3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。
30. D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。故选D 。
31.B细节理解题。根据第二段末句 She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选 B。
考点: 故事类短文阅读
6.【2016·北京】B
Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)
Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.
A.some friends had lost their lives
B.her neighborhood was destroyed
C.her school had moved to Brooklyn
D.the elderly were free from suffering
60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?
A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild
B.The people trapped in high_rise building
C.The volunteers donating money to survivors
D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people
61.How did Natalie help the survivors?
A.She gave her toys to the kids
B.She took care of younger children
C.She called on the White House to help
D.She built an information sharing platform
62.What does the story intend to tell us?
A.Little people can make a big difference
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed
C.East or West,home is best
D.Technology is power
【答案】
59.B60.A61.D62.A
【解析】
试题分析：Natalie是一个14岁的孩子，她生活的地方Brooklyn遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie也加入了进去，Natalie创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。
59.B段落大意题。A项未提及；根据第三段“Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn”可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn上学，排除C；根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”排除D；根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选B。
60.A细节理解题。根据第四段“In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.”可知，那些帮助Rockaway恢复重建的人给了Natalie鼓舞，故选A。
61.D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.”可知，Natalie创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息，故选D。
62.A写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.”可知，Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，故选A。
考点：人物故事类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】
故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
解题技巧：
1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如本题中的第62题：通过Natalie帮助他人的行为告诉读者小人物也可以有大作为这一道理。
2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。
3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。
7.【2016·天津】B
Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”
I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).
But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
My son ,with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件）from a junkyard, non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repair to him.
Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.
These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.
My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
41. What used to be the author’s hope for his son?
A. To avoid becoming his clone.
B. To resemble him in appearance.
C. To develop in a different direction.
D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals.
42. What can we learn about the author’s children?
A. His daughter does better in school.
B. His daughter has got a master’s degree.
C. His son tried hard to finish homework.
D. His son couldn’t write his book reports.
43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______.
A. His son had the ability to fix it.
B. it would save him much time.
C. it wouldn’t cause him any more loss
D. other motorheads would come to help.
44. In the author’s eyes, motorheads are _______.
A. tidy and hardworking
B. cheerful and smart
C. lazy but bright
D. relaxed but rude
45. What did the author realize in the end?
A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.
B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.
C. Architects play a more important role than builders.
D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一开始希望自己的儿子能效仿他，完成他没有实现的目标。但是他的儿子学习成绩不理想，只上了技校。一次作者的车坏了，儿子和同学帮助作者修好了车，让作者改变了自己的看法。
41. D考查细节理解。根据第一段的句子You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could accomplish what you hoped for.可知，作者希望儿子完成他没有实现的目标。故选D。
42.A考查推理判断。根据第三段的句子My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English，可知，作者的女儿学习很好。故选A。
43.C考查细节理解。根据第六段的句子I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose，可知，作者让儿子修车，因为他觉得这不会给他带来损失。故选C。
44.B考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段的句子These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are in living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright…，可知，在作者眼中，motorhead是令人兴奋的，聪明的。故选B。
45.A 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的句子Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else，可知，作者最后意识到期望孩子走自己的道路这是不明智的。故选A。
【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以细节题为主，细节题一般就是文章出现的内容即是答案，也有推理判断题，就是不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。
做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如这篇阅读理解的第二题，问：作者的孩子是怎么样的？根据第三段的内容My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.可知，作者的女儿正在学习硕士学位，所以B是错的；而作者的儿子是一个技校生，学习不是很好，C是错的；D项说作者的儿子不能完成报告，而文中只是说他的儿子会拖延，所以D也是错的，正确答案是通过第三段内容推理出来的。
8.【2016·浙江】D
Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.
My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task., but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, “I don’t care what so –and –so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room a car for your birthday a lsvish sweet 16 party.” We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house. I can still remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house .Like the two little girls growing up at the White House,we made our own beds (no one left the house until that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings ,and if something was lost ,it was not replaced.
It was summer and ,one day ,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed---and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.
“It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her,”What a neat basket.”
I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t at and it any longer:“Mom, please can I please ,please get it? I ‘ll do extra chores for as long as you say, I’ll do anything ,but I need that basket,I love that basket.Please ,Mom .Please?”
I was desperate.
“You know,” she said ,gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever,” If you save up you could buy this yourself.”
“By the time I make enough it’ll be gone!”
“Maybe Roger here could hold it for you,” she smiled at Roger ,the bike guy.
“He can’t hold it for that long ,Mom .Someone else will buy it .Please, Mom,Please?”
“There might be another way,” she said.
And so our paying plan unfolded. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there (washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front).And then ,weeks later ,I counted ,re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh ,happy day ! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….
Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster. This horrible turn of events.
And then came the lesson . I’ve taken with me through my life:” Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears.” Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”
55. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. The children enjoyed doing housework.
B. The author came from s well-off family
C. The mother raised her children in an unusual way
D. The children were fond of the US president’s daughters.
56.When the author saw the basket in the window, she .
A. fell in love with it B. stared at her mother
C. recognized it at once D. went up to the bike guy
57.Why did the author say many “please” to her mother?
A. She longed to do extra work. B. She was eager to have the basket.
C. She felt tired after standing too long. D. She wanted to be polite to her mother.
58.By using“naked” (Paragraph 12),the author seems to stress that the basket was
A. something she could afford B. something important to her
C. something impossible to get D. something she could do without
59.To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that
A. something spoiled her paying plan
B. the basket cost more than she had saved
C.a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike
D.someone else had got a basket of the same kind
60.What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?
A. Save money for a rainy day B. Good advice is beyond all price.
C. Earn your bread with your sweat D. God helps those who help themselves
【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。作者回忆自己母亲对孩子不寻常的教育方法。通过一个自行车篮子的事情，母亲教会作者什么事情都要自力更生，通过自己努力得到的东西才是珍贵的。
55. C考查推理判断。根据第二段的句子We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house…. we made our own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of nd if something was lost ,it was not replaced.可知，作者的母亲用不寻常的方法教育孩子。故选C。
56. A考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.可知，当作者在橱窗里面看见这个篮子就喜欢上了它。故选A。
57. B考查推理判断。根据第五段的句子I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t at and it any longer:可知，作者说了很多“pleases”，因为她渴望拥有这个篮子。故选B。
58. B考查推理判断。根据第十二段的句子(washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front可知作者觉得没有这个篮子，自行车看起来光秃秃的，使用“naked”这个词，说明这个篮子对她是重要的东西。故选B。
59. D考查推理判断。根据第十三段的句子A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles.可知作者认为其他人有和她相同的篮子是一个灾难。故选D。
60. C考查主旨大意。根据文章内容可知，作者的妈妈教育作者要通过自己的努力获得想要的东西，也就是Earn your bread with your sweat。故选C。
【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以推理判断题为主，推理判断题不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。
做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如这篇阅读理解的55题，问：我们可以从前两段得出什么？第二段的句子We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house…. we made our own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves. We had to keep track of nd if something was lost ,it was not replaced.告诉我们作者的母亲教育孩子时使用的不寻常的方法。所以答案是C。再如59题，题目问：对作者什么是可怕的事情？文章没有直接表明，而是通过第十三段的句子A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles.可知作者认为其他人有和她相同的篮子是一个灾难。所以答案是D。
9.【2016·全国新课标II】B
Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”
A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But I’m just not creative.”
“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”
“Oh, sure.”
“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”
“Nobody. I do it.”
“Really-at night, when you’re asleep?”
“Sure.”
“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”
5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________?
A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting
C. raise the students’ interest in art D. teach the students about toy design
6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone.
C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.
7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Mistake. B. Drawback.
C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?
A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits.
C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking.
【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。
5.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹豫着在等着看别人如何行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另外一些学生则根据本人的想象力做出了一些东西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同的理解。故A正确。
6.D 推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第三句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故D项正确。
7.B 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.”可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为“drawback缺点”。故B正确。
8.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的、有创造性和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们发现自己的创造性和想象力。故A正确。
【名师点睛】
本文【小题7】属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“I ran the risk ...... thinking.”中的“risk”说明我的教育方法也有不足之处，故划线词意为“drawback缺点，不足”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。
近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例： 
     Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.
     从前面的Car Rental Center可知出租车公司提供的只能是cars for rent(出租汽车)，也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。
除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。
还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如
Biggest power failure in the city's history．．．All of our ice—cream and frozen foods melted．
根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化”，也就是melted。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
10.【2016·全国新课标II】D
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.
13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?
A. They were made last week
B. They showed undersea sceneries
C. They were found by a cameraman
D. They recorded a disastrous adventure
14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?
A. Frank Hurley B. Ernest Shackleton
C. Robert Falcon Scott D. Caroline Alexander
15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?
A. Artistic creation B. Scientific research
C. Money making D. Treasure hunting
【答案】13. D 14. C 15. C
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于记叙文。讲述了Frank的图片记录了一次不成功的航海活动，文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。
33.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck....”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故D项正确。
34.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole....”可知到达南极的是Captain Scott。故C项正确。
35.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C项正确。
【名师点睛】
本文三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如【小题13】中的A项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurley’s pictures......undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week.”可知“如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。”实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明A项明显错误。
干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式： 
1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。 
2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。 
3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。 
4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
11.【2016·全国新课标III】B
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.
“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
“I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A. Two strangers joined her.
B. Her childhood friends came in.
C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D. Some people held a party there.
6. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s .
A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories
7. What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?
A. They live in big cities.
B. They are mostly women.
C. They come from real life.
D. They are pleasure seekers.
【解析】
试题分析：文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。
5. A细节理解题。根据第一段“another customer was approaching their table”和第三段“the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair”可知，先后有两个陌生人（一位女士及其同伴）加入了Welty他们的聚会，故选A。
6. D猜测词义题。划线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据“Now we believe your stories”可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。
7. C推理判断题。根据“I don’t make them up”和“Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus.”可知，Welty小说里的人物并非虚构的，他们都来源于现实的生活，故选C。
考点：故事类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
猜词技巧：阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下：
(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。
(2) 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 ；利用事例或解释猜生词；利用重复解释的信息猜生词。
(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。第6题就是属于对指代关系进行判断。
(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
(5)根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(6)根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。
(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。
常见问题形式有：
(1)The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by …
(2)As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests…
(3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence “…” is/refers to /means…
(4)The word “…” is closest in meaning to …
12.【2016·全国新课标III】C
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.
It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has
caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
8. What can people do at the apple events?
A. Attend experts’ lectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.
9. What can we learn about Decio?
A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look.
C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.
10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean?
A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.
C.A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.
11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show how to grow apples.
B .To introduce an apple festival.
C. To help people select apples.
D. To promote apple research.
【解析】
试题分析：作者向人们介绍了一个节日－－Apple Day。由于这个节日翡翠受欢迎，现在已经演变成“苹果月”了。在英国，人们在十月份庆祝该节日，持续大约一个月的时间。
8. D细节理解题。根据第二段“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”可知，参加相关的庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果，故选D。
9. C推理判断题。故选C。
10. B猜测词义题。根据第二段“to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio”可知，Decio是许多仍然存在的经典苹果种类之一，根据“which is more of a curiosity than anything else”可知，人们品尝它是出于好奇心，故选B。
11. B写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. ”和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选B。
考点：生活故事类短文阅读
模拟新题精选
1. 【湖北八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】D
Even for a certified teacher with a degree and teaching certificate from Florida, a certain embarrassment exists. The two words “English teacher” don’t clearly show who I am.
Let me explain: When I go back to the US, I meet all my old friends. Some are stressed, exhausted and generally unhappy. They are stuck in jobs they don’t love that they do only to pay the bills. Even the ones making good money don’t even have the time to spend it and enjoy themselves. If I were in the US and I was working as a teacher, accountant, lawyer or so on, then that would be my job more or less for the next 30 to 40 years. I might have other talents, but I would be limited in being able to explore them.
In China the system is fluid for everyone: Chinese and expats（侨民）. I know many friends, both Chinese and expats, who changed careers because they wanted something new and it didn’t require going back to university four more years. All it required was motivation and a calculated risk. One of the best things about living in China for me is that I can explore different career choices and actually find one that I truly love. Let’s face it people change over the years: Your likes, your abilities and even the things that make you happy are constantly changing. Why shouldn’t your jobs and the opportunities also change with you?
When people ask me if I love my job, my answer is ‘YES.’ In China I have had many jobs: actor, model, salesman and teacher at various stages during my seven years here. And no one told me “You can’t do that.” There was no self-limiting. In China, if you have the motivation to work hard and the drive to succeed then opportunities present themselves around every corner.
12. Why the term “English teacher” couldn’t explain the author’s role in China clearly?
A. Because he has taken many different jobs in China.
B. Because he has no choice but to be an English teacher.
C. Because the purpose of his teaching is to make good money.
D. Because there’re too many jobs for him to choose from.
13. Why are some of the author’s old friends generally unhappy?
A. Because they have no chance to work in China as teachers.
B. Because it’s even harder for them to earn money in the US now.
C. Because they have no ability to explore their other talents.
D. Because they can’t get away from the work they don’t enjoy.
14. What does the underlined word “fluid” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Strict. B. Fixed.
C. Changeable. D. Exciting.
15. What does the author think of China?
A. A country without motivations. B. A land of opportunity.
C. A nation full of foreigners. D. A place short of jobs.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】 本文通过一个在中国的外国人的经历，说明了在中国只要你够努力，想成功，那么机会就会出现。
12. A
细节理解题。由文章最后一段“In China I have had many jobs: actor, model, salesman and teacher at various stages during my seven years here.”根据文章可知，作者在中国生活的7年时光中，从事了多种职业，故第一段中所说的“英语教师”这个词并不能清楚地说明其在中国的角色。
13. D
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“They are stuck in jobs they don’t love that they do only to pay the bills.．．．If I were in the US and I was working as a teacher, accountant, lawyer or so on, then that would be my job more or less for the next 30 to 40 years. I might have other talents, but I would be limited in being able to explore them.”根据叙述可知，作者在美国的部分朋友被困在单一的职业生涯中，无法去重新选择。故选D.
14. C
词义推测题。 本段中的“One of the best things about living in China for me is that I can explore different career choices …Why shouldn’t your jobs and the opportunities also change with you?” 根据该句后面所列举的事例可知，人们在中国可自由选择职业，故中国的工作体制不是僵化的，而是可变的。
15. B
推理判断题。结合全文尤其是最后一句“. In China, if you have the motivation to work hard and the drive to succeed then opportunities present themselves around every corner.” 在中国，如果你有努力工作的动力和成功的动力，那么机会出现在每一个角落。可知，作者赞扬中国，中国是一个充满机会的国度。因此B符合题意。
2. 【四川省德阳市2018届高三一诊】B
Every summer the heat was miserable. This summer was no exception.
Jamal lay on the porch(门廊), holding a glass of sweet tea to his forehead, trying to absorb some of the cool. It was early afternoon, and his grandmother had lain down for her daily nap.
“Jamal! Jamal!” said Lisa, trying to get his attention.
“What?” he asked.
“I’m going to sort out the attic(阁楼). Want to come?” she asked calmly. Lisa was two years younger than Jamal and was used to being blown off.
“You’re crazy,” Jamal said. “It’s got to be 100 degrees up there, not to mention that it’s dusty and full of spiders and who knows what else.”
“Grandma said that if we see anything we want up there, we can keep it,” said Lisa.
“What makes you think I want any of that old junk?” asked Jamal.
“Suit yourself,” said Lisa. She went to the bedroom to change into old clothes that could get covered in sweat, dust, and possibly dead spiders.
Up in the attic, Lisa began to see Jamal’s point. The heat in the house rose upwards, only to be trapped in the small attic. Everything was covered in a fine layer of dust…
As Lisa began going through the boxes, she realized that no one had touched them for years. After a couple of hours, Lisa’s back ached, and her shirt was wet through.
“Lisa, honey!” she heard her grandmother call. “Come take a break and have some tea.”
Lisa went downstairs and took a picture with her. “Grandma, is this really you?”
Her grandmother laughed. “What, you can’t believe it? Yes, that’s me; that was taken at my home coming almost sixty years ago.”
“You were beautiful, Grandma,” said Lisa admiringly.
“You’d be surprised, Lisa,” her grandmother responded. “Adults, all of us, were once young and irresponsible like you.”
“I don’t think Mom was ever like that …” said Lisa.
“Your mother…” her grandmother’s voice became low as she carefully chose her words. “When your father died in the service, your mother was still just a girl herself. You were a baby, and Jamal was only two. She had to grow up real fast.”
Lisa nodded. She finished her tea, thanked her grandmother, and turned to go back upstairs.
4. What was Jamal’s attitude towards Lisa’s suggestion of exploring the attic?
A. Enthusiastic.
B. Interested.
C. Negative.
D. Indifferent.
5. The underlined expression “Suit yourself” means “ ”.
A. Enjoy yourself
B. Please yourself
C. Take care of yourself
D. Help yourself
6. What does Lisa’s grandmother probably mean when she says that Lisa’s mother “had to grow up real fast”?
A. Lisa’s mother had to drop out of college and start working.
B. Lisa’s mother had to become carefree and irresponsible very quickly.
C. Lisa’s mother had to become responsible and mature very quickly.
D. Lisa’s mother had to take on more responsibility than she was able to handle.
7. Which of the following is the probable ending of the story?
A. Lisa found her mother’s love letters.
B. Lisa found nothing important but junk.
C. Lisa found a box of spiders and was scared to death.
D. Lisa found something about her mother’s miserable childhood.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】故事讲述了炎热的夏天，Lisa清理阁楼时发现的东西以及和外婆的对话。
4. C
推理判断题。A. Enthusiastic.热情的；B. Interested.感兴趣的；C. Negative.否定的，反对的；D. Indifferent.漠不关心的。根据“You’re crazy,” Jamal said. “It’s got to be 100 degrees up there, not to mention that it’s dusty and full of spiders and who knows what else.”和“What makes you think I want any of that old junk?可知Jamal因为阁楼上又热又脏，对阁楼上的东西不感兴趣，所以反对Lisa清理阁楼。故选C.
5. B
猜测词义题。A. Enjoy yourself过得高兴；B. Please yourself随便你；C. Take care of yourself照顾好自己；D. Help yourself请自便。Lisa想让Jamal和她一起清理阁楼，但Jamal认为阁楼上又热又脏不同意，所以Lisa说随便你，然后自己去清理。“Suit yourself”随你便，与
Please yourself同义，故选B.
6. C
推理判断题。根据“When your father died in the service, your mother was still just a girl herself. You were a baby, and Jamal was only two. She had to grow up real fast.”可知丈夫死亡，两个孩子还小，所以Lisa的妈妈必须变得负责任，成熟得很快。故选C.
7. A
推理判断题。文章最后Lisa和外婆谈到妈妈，都认为她非常负责任。所以随后的内容应该是和妈妈的爱和负责任有关，应该是从阁楼上找到了妈妈的信。故选A.
3. 【福建省百所重点校2018届高三年上学期联合考试】B
The story of Sir Nicholas Winton is the one that you would imagine could only happen on the silver screen. Sir Nicholas Winton was a British man who went to heroic efforts, potentially putting himself at risk, during World War II. Sir Winton was responsible for ensuring the safety of six hundred and sixty-nine Jewish children by aiding their escape from countries occupied by Nazis. Finally, the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.
Recently, this unbelievable story has again been making the rounds on the Internet, particularly after a rerun of the BBC show called “That’s Life”, which featured Sir Winton. People around the world were moved at the details of the story, with saying it to be the best story they’ve ever seen.
Sir Winton kept his entire plan completely secret, even his wife had no idea about his planning until fifty years later. After the war, years passed and many people remained in the dark about Sir Winton’s extraordinary achievement. Some fifty years later, his wife Greta was searching in their house and discovered a Winton’s notebook which documented the names of all the children. She worked with BBC and they produced a TV episode (插曲) of their program “That’s Life” that served as an honor for Sir Winton’s work.
In 2003, Sir Winton was knighted by the Queen of England for his work. He also was even nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize. He also had a small planet named after him by Czech astronomers. Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at the old age of one hundred and six, in 2015. Leaders around the world paid tribute (悼念). Israel’s ambassador to the United Kingdom, Daniel Taub, said, “He was a hero of our time, having saved 669 Jewish children from Nazis. His story, as a point of light in a period of darkness, will forever be remembered.”
4. What happened to the 669 Jewish children?
A. They were killed by Nazis.
B. They returned to their own homes.
C. They fled to their native countries.
D. They were raised by English families.
5. What made Winton’s story spread widely?
A. People’s chatting online.
B. The program “That’s Life”.
C. His wife’s promotion.
D. Praises from some leaders.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined expression “remained in the dark’, in Paragraph 3?
A. felt doubtful
B. remained moved
C. knew nothing
D. criticized something
7. What do we know about Winton?
A. He was born in 1909.
B. Nazis tried to arrest him.
C. He named a small planet.
D. Many children paid tribute to him.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】本文主要讲了尼古拉斯·温顿爵士是一位英国人，他曾从纳粹手里救出669名犹太儿童，他被授予了诺贝尔和平奖。
4. 细节理解题。由Finally, the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.可知669个犹太孩子被英国的家庭抚养大，选D。
5. 细节理解题。由She worked with BBC and they produced a TV episode (插曲) of their program “That’s Life” that served as an honor for Sir Winton’s work.可知“那就是生活”节目使得Winton的故事广为流传，选B。
6. 词义猜测题。由下文Some fifty years later, his wife Greta was searching in their house and discovered a Winton’s notebook which documented the names of all the children. She worked with BBC and they produced a TV episode (插曲) of their program “That’s Life” that served as an honor for Sir Winton’s work.可知在这之前，Winton的杰出成绩一直不为人所知，所以“remained in the dark”的意思是一无所知，选C。
7. 计算题。由Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at the old age of one hundred and six, in 2015.可知2015-106=1909，选A。
4. 【重庆市第一中学2018届高三12月月考】B
Have you ever been in a situation where a bad mood suddenly wraps itself around you and won’t let go? It’s kind of like being in the middle seat on a long flight, and you’re fighting for armrest (扶手) space with the person next to you.
I was reminded of this recently when my wife and I went to a rock concert that we’d been looking forward to all year. When the band came on, everyone, including me, jumped to our feet. But then, nobody sat down, and I couldn’t see the stage for the rest of the show. Needless to say, I was extremely disappointed.
My wife could see the show fine, so she accepted it when I told her not to worry about me. But she was very sensitive. I knew that she could feel my displeasure, but I never want anyone else to feel uneasy just because I do. Moods are infectious, and I don’t want those I care for to get any of the fallout (后果) form whatever I may be dealing with. Still, I couldn’t force myself to have a good time. We got home and I was looking forward to sleeping off my disappointment, but it didn’t work. I felt sad the next day, and my disappointment didn’t go away for several days.
Looking back at the concert, it’s like I was a kid again and someone had taken Christmas away. Yes, I let the experience get to me, but I’m only human, and sometimes that is going to happen. However, I learned that when something like this happens, just remember that it doesn’t mean that you’re a bad person or broken. You just don’t like where you are at the moment, but the bad feelings will pass. So the next time you can’t rise to the occasion because a bad mood has you in its hold, give yourself a break. You can still learn something positive, even if it takes you a while to figure out what that is.
4. According to Paragraph 1, how might you feel being in the middle seat on a long flight?
A. In high spirits. B. In awful mood.
C. In excitement. D. At ease.
5. What was the author’s reaction when the concert started?
A. He was upset. B. He was disappointed.
C. He was thrilled. D. He burst into anger.
6. What do we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. The author enjoyed himself at the latter part of the concert.
B. The wife was not in the mood for the concert because of the author.
C. The author got rid of his disappointment after a night’s sleep.
D. The author cared about his wife’s mood and didn’t want to spoil it.
7. What might the author agree with?
A. Being emotional at times is acceptable.
B. Christmas is important to the author.
C. Being stuck in bad mood means you are a bad person.
D. You can learn something positive from a bad experience immediately.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A
【解析】本文主要讲了作者通过和妻子去看音乐会的经历说明了这样一个道理，有时情绪化是可以接受的，通过自我调整，坏的情绪很快就会过去。
4. 推理判断题。由Have you ever been in a situation where a bad mood suddenly wraps itself around you and won’t let go?可知在长途飞机中的中间座位，作者感觉心情很糟糕，选B。
5. 细节理解题。由When the band came on, everyone, including me, jumped to our feet.可知音乐会刚开始的时候，作者非常兴奋，选C。
6. 推理判断题。由Moods are infectious, and I don’t want those I care for to get any of the fallout (后果) form whatever I may be dealing with.可知作者非常在乎他妻子的情绪，不想破坏妻子的情绪，选D。
7. 推理判断题。由Yes, I let the experience get to me, but I’m only human, and sometimes that is going to happen. However, I learned that when something like this happens, just remember that it doesn’t mean that you’re a bad person or broken. You just don’t like where you are at the moment, but the bad feelings will pass.可推断出作者同意这样的观点：有时情绪化是可以接受的，选A。
5. 【东北三省三校2017届高三第二次联合模拟】A
We were ordinary people taking the bus every day that summer. During the early morning rides, we sat sleepily on our seats. One of the passengers was a small grey man to the center for senior citizens. He walked with a stoop (驼背) and a sad look on his face. We paid little attention to him.
Then one July morning he said good morning to the driver and smiled to us before sitting down. The driver nodded politely, the rest of us being silent. The next day, the old man boarded the bus energetically, smiled and said loud, “Good morning!” Some of us looked up, amazed, and murmured “Good morning”. The following weeks we were more surprised. Our friend was dressed in a nice old suit with the thin hair carefully combed. He said good morning to us every day and we gradually began to nod and talk to each other. One morning he had a bunch of wild flowers in his hand. The driver smilingly asked, “Have you got yourself a girlfriend?” He nodded shyly, “She lives at the center.” The other passengers whistled and clapped at him. Charlie bowed before sitting down.
Every morning after that Charlie always brought a flower. Some regular passengers began bringing him flowers for his bunch. Everyone smiled and joked about it.
But one morning he didn’t turn up. When he wasn’t there the following days, we started wondering if he was sick or... We stopped at the center for senior citizens. The staff told us he was fine, but he hadn’t been coming that week. One of his very close friends had died at the weekend. They expected him back on Monday. How silent we were on the rest of the way to work!
The next Monday he was waiting at the stop, stooping a bit more and a bit more grey. Inside the bus was a silence, all of us sitting with our eyes filled with tears and wild flowers in our hands.
21. The old man boarded the bus energetically probably because _______.
A. he bought a bunch of flowers B. he got to know other passengers
C. he fell in love with a lady D. he had a sweet dream
22. What change did the old man bring to the early morning bus?
A. The passengers were silent. B. The bus was full of life.
C. The passengers were sleepy. D. The bus was punctual.
23. Why didn’t the old man turn up for several days?
A. He was in sorrow for the loss of his girlfriend.
B. He wondered whether others cared about him.
C. He had a quarrel with the staff of the center.
D. He wasn’t himself for the cold weather.
24. What can we infer from the story?
A. Only love can affect others’ emotions.
B. The old man’s passion for love inspires others.
C. The passengers didn’t care about others’ feelings.
D. The center for senior citizens is a good place for love.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B
【解析】一位谈恋爱的老人的快乐心情感染了乘客们，使车上的气氛变活跃了。老人女朋友去世后乘客们也为老人感到难过。
21. C
细节推理题。根据第二段The next day, the old man boarded the bus energetically, smiled and said loud, “Good morning!”和One morning he had a bunch of wild flowers in his hand. The driver smilingly asked, “Have you got yourself a girlfriend?” He nodded shyly, “She lives at the center.”可知老人每天精力充沛地和乘客们打招呼问候是因为他在谈恋爱，故选C.
22. B
推理判断题。根据第一段During the early morning rides, we sat sleepily on our seats.可知老人和乘客们打招呼之前车上很安静，人们睡意朦胧。根据第三段Every morning after that Charlie always brought a flower. Some regular passengers began bringing him flowers for his bunch. Everyone smiled and joked about it.可知后来老人改变了车上的气氛，人们开始说笑，车上充满了活力。故选B.
23. A
细节推理题。根据倒数第二段We stopped at the center for senior citizens. The staff told us he was fine, but he hadn’t been coming that week. One of his very close friends had died at the weekend.可知老人几天没出现是因为他女朋友去世了，他沉浸在悲伤之中。故选A.
24. B
推理判断题。根据第三段Every morning after that Charlie always brought a flower. Some regular passengers began bringing him flowers for his bunch. Everyone smiled and joked about it.可知后来老人改变了车上的气氛，使车上充满了活力。根据最后一段Inside the bus was a silence, all of us sitting with our eyes filled with tears and wild flowers in our hands.可知人们的心情也受到感染。故选B.
6. 【山东省曲阜市2018届高三上学期期中】A
Most people have a “fear” of getting old, especially when they get to those “milestone” birthdays. Not me! I was even more excited about turning 30 because this would be my golden birthday.
A few months after my 30th birthday when my little girl, Annie, turned two, I decided it was time for me to have my heart check-up. I have a family history of heart disease, so I knew this visit was important.
I made an appointment with the doctor, who had a very clear picture of my family history of heart disease. I got checked in, weighed, blood pressure checked, and all seemed just fine. However, since my mom had a hole in her heart, my doctor decided to do the same check on my heart. When it was done, my doctor sat me down and said, “You have a heart condition. Only 10% of your heart is functioning.” How could this be?
After the shock settled in, I told myself that I had to pick myself back up and move forward. I wasn’t the first woman to be diagnosed with heart disease, and sadly I wouldn’t be the last.
Just 10 years ago, my diagnosis would be almost immediately fatal. Yet, because of the advances in technology and medicine and the contribution of the American Heart Association, I now have a chance to pick out Annie’s wedding dress with her one day.
One day, I will be the recipient of a new heart because of the research done by the American Heart Association. I will be able to run, jump, swim ... The face of heart disease can be deceiving; don’t let this silent killer deceive you.
1. What did the writer do after she heard the doctor’s words?
A. She refused to have any kind of treatment.
B. She was shocked and thought it was not true.
C. She cried and didn’t know what to do.
D. She was shocked and then decided to fight the disease.
2. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Heart disease is not that horrible.
B. Family members are important to us.
C. The writer will attend her daughter’s wedding ceremony very soon.
D. The writer got a new heart with the help of the American Heart Association.
3. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. A Touching Mother-Daughter Relationship
B. A New Treatment for Heart Disease
C. A Young Mother’s Battle Against Heart Disease
D. The True Meaning of Heart Disease
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】这篇文章主要讲了作者的家庭有心脏病病史，作者去医院检查时，发现自己也患有心脏病。作者并没有悲观丧气，坚信随着医疗技术的不断发展，自己一定会好起来，于是勇敢地和病魔作斗争。作者希望有一天，可以为女儿挑选婚纱。
1. 细节理解题。由After the shock settled in, I told myself that I had to pick myself back up and move forward.可知听了医生的话后，作者很吃惊并且决定和疾病做斗争，选D。
2. 推理判断题。由Yet, because of the advances in technology and medicine and the contribution of the American Heart Association, I now have a chance to pick out Annie’s wedding dress with her one day. One day, I will be the recipient of a new heart because of the research done by the American Heart Association. I will be able to run, jump, swim ...可推断出心脏病并不是那么可怕，选A。
3. 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了作者的家庭有心脏病病史，作者去医院检查时，发现自己也患有心脏病。作者并没有悲观丧气，坚信随着医疗技术的不断发展，自己一定会好起来，于是勇敢地和病魔作斗争。作者希望有一天，可以为女儿挑选婚纱。选C。
7. 【辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次模拟】B
A primary school in Britain has put up signs to warn parents, who are addicted to playing with their phones, to greet their children with a smile rather than stare at their screens. It has become a common sight at the school gate to see children running up to their parents, only to find their parent are absorbed in reading news online, reading e-book, or watching their favorite videos.
Now the headmaster at a primary school in Middlesbrough, has put up the signs at all three entrances to the school. The signs say, “Greet your a woman holding a phone to her ear is crossed out in a red circle. The headmaster said, “We are trying to develop students’ speaking and listening skills and we think it is a simple way to get the message across. It isn’t only an issue among parents, but it also emphasizes that speaking and listening can help student to have discussions.”
The move had different responses. Danielle Parker, a parent, said, “I think the signs are unacceptable because most of the parents pick their children up with phones.” Another parent said, “It’s a good thing. Greeting children with smiles can also develop the relationship between parents and children.” Some parents when questioned were hesitant about the signs. Lindan Bradley, a pupil at the school, said he agreed with the signs, saying, “Why should children see parents playing their mobile phones all the time?”
Last year, research warned that parents’ devotion to cellphones had made some neglected children start primary school unable to hold conversations. Almost a third of children are not ready for the classroom when they start school.
5. Why did the school put up signs at its entrances?
A. To encourage parents to meet pupils with smiles.
B. To describe a common sight of its school gates..
C. To remind pupils to be careful while walking.
D. To introduce the primary school to parents.
6. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Playing with the phones.
B. Greeting children.
C. Putting up signs.
D. Smiling.
7. What may be the effects of parents’ devotion to play with phones?
A. It may reduce pupils’ time spent on phones..
B. It may discourage students from working hard.
C. It may make students be addicted to computer games.
D. It may cause children to lack the ability of communication.
8. What is the author’s attitude to the signs put up by the school?
A. Approving.
B. Opposed.
C. Objective.
D. Indifferent.
【答案】5. A 6. C 7. D 8. C
【解析】英国一个学校在入口处树立标志牌提醒家长用微笑接孩子而不是只顾看手机，呼吁家长多花点时间在孩子身上，以此来提高孩子的交流能力。
5. A
细节推理题。根据第一段A primary school in Britain has put up signs to warn parents, who are addicted to playing with their phones, to greet their children with a smile rather than stare at their screens.可知学校在入口设牌子的目的是提醒家长用微笑接孩子而不是只顾看手机，故选A.
6. C
猜测词义题。此处指校长认为用这些标志牌来提醒家长，多和孩子交流提高孩子的听说能力，it指竖起的标志牌，故选C.
7. D
推理判断题。根据第二段It isn’t only an issue among parents, but it also emphasizes that speaking and listening can help student to have discussions.和最后一段research warned that parents’ devotion to cellphones had made some neglected children start primary school unable to hold conversations.可知由于父母在手机上花费时间太多而忽视了和孩子交流，造成孩子上学后交流能力差，故选D.
8. C
推理判断题。根据第三段The move had different responses.作者对不同人的观点陈述，最后一段research warned that…的陈述可知文中作者只是客观陈述事实，并没有发表自己的观点。故选C.
8. 【天津市耀华中学2018届高三上学期第一次月考】C
I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to hold two funerals on successive (连续的）days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died “full of years”, as the Bible would say. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁）calls on the two families on the same afternoon.
At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的）woman said to me, “If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died.” At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, “If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate, was more than she could take. It’s my fault that she’s dead.”
You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course一keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation—would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?
There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.
The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood.
A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.
46. What is said about the two deceased elderly women?
A. They lived out a natural life.
B. They died of exhaustion after the long plane rides.
C. They weren’t used to the change in weather.
D. They died due to lack of care by family members.
47. The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because .
A. he wanted to comfort the two families
B. he was an official from the community
C. he had great pity for the deceased
D. he was minister of the local church
48. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because .
A. they couldn’t find a better way to express their sorrow
B. they believe that they were responsible
C. they had neglected the natural course of events
D. they didn’t know things often turned out in the opposite direction
49. According to the passage, the underlined part in paragraph 4 probably means that .
A. everything in the world is predetermined
B. the world can be interpreted in different ways
C. there's an explanation for everything in the world
D. we have to be sensible in order to understand the world
50. What’s the idea of the passage?
A. Life and death is an unsolved mystery.
B. Every story should have a happy ending.
C. Never feel guilty all the time because not every disaster is our fault.
D. In general, the survivors will feel guilty about the people who passed away.
【答案】46. A 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. C
【解析】试题分析：本文通过两个老人去世，儿子都把责任归咎于自己。告诉我们世界上发生的所有事情都是有自己的因果关系，没有必要为此感觉内疚。
46. A 推理题。根据第一段3,4行Both had died “ full of years”, as theBiblewould say.说明他们都是自然死亡的年龄都已经很大了。故A正确。
47. D 细节题。根据第一段2,3行One January, I had to hold two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community.说明这两个葬礼我要我主持，是因为我是教堂里的牧师，故D项正确。
48. B 细节题。根据第三段第一行You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty.说明他们都认为自己对于亲人的去世是负有责任的。故B正确。
49. C 推理题。根据第四段The first is our pressing need to believe thatthe world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens that leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.说明世界上的每一个事物都有自己的原因和结果。每个事情的发生都有自己的理由，故C正确。
50. C 推理题。根据文章倒数2,3段说明很多人都把亲人的去世归咎于自己，实际上这是不正确的。我们我们永远都不要把这些发生的不幸的事情归咎于我们自己。故C正确。
考点：考查人生百态类短文阅读
点评：本文要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础;要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。
9. 【北京市通州区2017届高三第一次模拟】B
My Experience in Ghana
I decided to take part in an exchange program in Ghana. The 30 of us participating in the program met up the first morning in Ghana to meet Fred, our guide in Ghana.
We boarded the bus to Senase, a village of 3,000 in Northwest Ghana. Once we got to the village, we were greeted by the queen mother and the other elders. A young girl performed a dance for us with Ghanaian drums, and then the elders each thanked us for coming to the village and helping their children and their schools.
After our meeting ended, we split up into three groups and went to different schools, spending most of the day handing out toothbrushes and school supplies, meeting with the children, and playing games with various classes. It was really interesting to see the schools and to see what all of the different classes were learning.
We got back to our host’s house that night literally seconds before the skies opened up over Senase, and since the power was out, Fred, Cari (my roommate) and I sat out under the roof listening to the pouring rain and talking about our lives. We were able to hear Fred’s story, which was absolutely incredible. I can say it gave me a new sense of respect for the Ghanaian people, their unity in the face of tremendous hardship, and the immense amount of care and love they hold in their hearts, not only for their families but their entire community.
The next day we performed our dance for one of the schools, to the delight (and laughter) of the children, queen mother, and principal. After that we were on the bus heading back.
During the bus ride, new thoughts and questions filled my mind. Where is this fire Senase lit in my heart going to take me, and how can I feed it and build it into real change? How do I bring this back to my community, and then back home to my family and friends? These were only a few of the questions that I was struggling with and continue to struggle with, and I can’t say I have found any answers yet. All I know is that Senase did light a fire within me, and I refuse to ever let it burn out.
59. How did Senase villagers feel about the author’s visit?
A. Curious. B. Surprised. C. Grateful. D. Nervous.
60. The purpose of the exchange is to _____.
A. give grand performances
B. help local schools and children
C. have great fun and enjoy sceneries
D. better understand Ghanaian customs
61. What impressed the author deeply in Fred’s story?
A. Ghanaian hardship. B. Ghanaian families.
C. Ghanaian unity. D. Ghanaian community.
62. This passage shows that _____.
A. the experience will have an impact on the author’s future life
B. a fire was lit in the author’s mind and he tried hard to put it out
C. Senase villagers are struggling between modern life and traditional customs
D. the author was puzzled by the strange Ghanaian life
【答案】59. C 60. B 61. C 62. A
【解析】本文介绍作者在Ghana的经历。这次经历对作者未来的生活有一个影响。
59. C
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句then the elders each thanked us for coming to the village and helping their children and their schools. Senase的村民对作者的访问是感激的。故选C。
60. B
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中helping their children and their schools.可知交换的目的是帮助当地的学校和孩子。故选B。
61. C
细节理解题。根据第四段中I can say it gave me a new sense of respect for the Ghanaian people, their unity in the face of tremendous hardship,可知在Fred的故事中给作者印象最深刻的是Ghanaian unity。故选C。
62. A
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句All I know is that Senase did light a fire within me, and I refuse to ever let it burn out.可知这次经历对作者未来的生活有一个影响。故选A。
10. 【广东省深圳市高级中学2018届高三11月月考】B
The park bench was deserted as I sat down to read beneath the branches of an old willow tree, with good reason to frown, for the world was intent on dragging me down. At this time, a boy approached me. He stood right before me, and said with great excitement, “Look what I found!”
In his hand was a flower, and what a pitiful sight, with its petals (花瓣) all worn. Wanting him to take his flower and go off to play, I faked a small smile and then turned to the other side.
But instead of leaving, he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his nose and declared, “It really smells pretty and it’s beautiful, too. That’s why I picked it. Here, it’s for you.”
The flower before me was dying or dead. But I knew I must take it, or he might never leave. So I reached for the flower, and replied, “Just what I need.”
But instead of placing the flower in my hand, he held it in mid-air. It was then that I noticed that the boy was blind.
I heard my voice quiver (轻微颤抖), and at the same time my tears shone like the sun. As I thanked him for picking the very best one, he smiled and said, “You’re welcome.” And then he ran off to play, unaware of the impact he’d had on me.
I sat there and wondered how he managed to see a self-pitying woman beneath an old willow tree. Perhaps from his heart, he’d been blessed with true sight.
Through the eyes of the blind boy, I could see the problem was not with the world; the problem was me. And for all of those times I had been blind. From now on I vowed to see beauty and appreciate every second that’s mine. Then I held the flower up to my nose and breathed its fragrance and smiled as that young boy.
5. When she sat down to read on the bench, the author _______.
A. felt relaxed and peaceful
B. felt upset and unhappy with her life
C. wanted to have a friend keeping her company
D. felt proud to have overcome the difficulties in life
6. The boy gave the flower to the author probably because _______.
A. he didn’t like it any more
B. he wanted to give the author a lesson
C. he realized the author was in a bad mood
D. he was sure the author would be happy with it
7. Why did the author decide to take the flower at first?
A. Because she was really moved by the boy.
B. Because she didn’t want to hurt the young boy.
C. Because she thought the flower was really beautiful.
D. Because she didn’t like being bothered by the boy any more.
8. Which of the following can best describe the boy?
A. Handsome and intelligent.
B. Kind and optimistic.
C. Warmhearted and sensitive.
D. Independent and active.
【答案】5. B 6. D 7. D 8. B
【解析】人生故事类文章。 一个人在生活中可能有着诸多的不如意，因此会抑郁、沉闷，就像文章的作者。但当他在公园邂逅了一个素昧平生的小男孩时，却从他那儿学会了如何坚强，乐观地看待生活、笑对人生。
5. B
推理判断题。根据第一段“I sat down to read beneath the branches of an old willow tree, with good reason to frown, for the world was intent on dragging me dow” …有理由皱眉头，因为世界在让我情绪低落。 drag sb down使(某人)身体衰弱(或情绪低落)，使健康状况变坏；拖垮。及第六段第一句“a self-pitying woman”分析这两句话可知作者坐在椅子看书时因为对生活的不满意而心情不好。故选B。
6. D
推理判断题。根据文章中的第三段“he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his nose and declared,“It really smells pretty and it’s beautiful, too. That’s why I picked it. Here, it’s for you.””分析中可推理出男孩认为 这是一朵漂亮而又香的花，这样的花人人都喜欢，所以他认为作者肯定喜欢，所以才送给作者，故选D。
7. D
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But I knew I must take it, or he might never leave. So I reached for the flower” （但我知道我必须接受它，否则他可能永远不会离开。所以我伸手去拿那朵花）分析本句可知作者是为了让孩子离开，就是不想让孩子打扰自己，才接受花的，故选D。
8. B
推理判断题。根据第一，第二、第三段可知男孩把好不容易找到的他认为最好的花送给一个不相识的人，““It really smells pretty and it’s beautiful, too. That’s why I picked it. Here, it’s for you.””说明他是善良的男孩。第四段最后一句that I noticed that the boy was blind.” 。由此可推断出他是个善良而乐观的男孩。故选B。