（新高考适用）2023版高考英语二轮总复习 第1部分 阅读能力突破篇 专题1 阅读理解 第4讲主旨大意题课件PPT

这是一份（新高考适用）2023版高考英语二轮总复习 第1部分 阅读能力突破篇 专题1 阅读理解 第4讲主旨大意题课件PPT，共27页。PPT课件主要包含了第4讲　主旨大意题，专题一　阅读理解，高频考点·研析透等内容，欢迎下载使用。

主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象，既考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
考点1　标题归纳题辨明题类标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上， 结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。设问形式常有：(1)What is the best title fr this passage?(2)What can be a suitable title fr the passage/text?(3)Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?(4)The mst suitable title f this passage is “________”．最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：①概括精准而简洁。②针对性强，标题外延与文章内容恰好相符。③醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。
技法点拨1．一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2．所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。
真题体验(2022·全国甲卷B)Gffinʼs cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld.Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it.The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm.Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”．In the experiment, Gffinʼs cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne.Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests.This indicates that Gffinʼs cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.27．Which can be a suitable title fr the text？________A．Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB．Cckats: Independent LearnersC．Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD．Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters
【解题示范】　第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉；第二步：分析各选项，进行斟酌判断，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。通读全文，再结合第一段“Cffinʼs cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld.(科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似。)”可知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。选项“Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
考点2　文章大意题辨明题类文章大意题要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从文中提取有效信息，概括归纳出文章的主旨大意、中心思想。此类题目没有明显的解题依据，是对文章深层次的理解。设问形式常有：(1)The general/main idea f the passage is ________.(2)What is the main theme/tpic/idea f this/the passage/text?(3)The passage/text is mainly abut ________.(4)What des the text/passage mainly fcus n?(5)The passage mainly fcuses n ________.
技法点拨1．定位主题句确定文章大意文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。
以下为快速找到主题句的5个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(hwever, but, in fact, actually, while, n the cntrary, in cntrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句。(3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)。(4)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句。(5)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefre, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin, thus等词。
2．根据不同文体的结构和写作方法来定位主题句(1)议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。(2)说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。(3)记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。
真题体验(2022·全国甲卷C)As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鹅) lnging t say hell.These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel.Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further.When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland.“I just decided I wanted t g，” she says.“I had n idea abut what Iʼd find there and I wasnʼt nervus, I just wanted t d it.And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers sheʼd never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica.“Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has，” Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us.Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
31．What is the text mainly abut？________A．A childhd dream.B．An unfrgettable experience.C．Sailing arund the wrld.D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【解题示范】　第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Bazlintn从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险。当她不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。第二步：分析选项，斟酌判断。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Bazlintn去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.(这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行。)”和倒数第二段Ginni Bazlintn对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Bazlintn去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，“An unfrgettable experience.(一次难忘的经历)”能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
考点3　段落大意题辨明题类段落大意题主要考查文章某一段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。考生要用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。设问形式常有：(1)What is the first paragraph mainly abut?(2)What is Paragraph 1 mainly abut?(3)What des the first paragraph mainly talk abut?
技法点拨1．定位段落主题句，做到首尾兼顾做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。2．通过暗示揣摩段落大意有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
真题体验(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷D)Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages.But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrldʼs languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”， were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds.Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth.Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid.Fd became easier t chew at this pint.The jawbne didnʼt have t d as much wrk and s didnʼt grw t be s large.Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years.These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag.“The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin，” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
34．What is Paragraph 5 mainly abut？________A．Supprting evidence fr the research results.B．Ptential applicatin f the research findings.C．A further explanatin f the research methds.D．A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.