压轴题14 阅读理解-2023年中考英语压轴题专项训练（全国通用）

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压轴题14 阅读理解

题型/考向一：对于不同文章类型的答题策略
题型/考向二：猜词题、细节理解题、主旨题、判断题


解题时，一定要有“题型分类” 思想，因为不同的题型有不同的特征，不同的题型特征又对应着不同的解题技巧。
根据题型的特征，阅读理解题型可分为：
（1）细节理解题 （2）主旨大意题 （3）词义猜测题 （4）推理判断题

题型一：细节理解题

细节题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力。内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。

细节理解题常见的提问形式：
(1)特殊疑问词提问类型
•When can you go to...?
•Where can...?
•How many ways can...?
•We can learn from the last paragraph that ______.
•You may... because...

(2)True or NOT true 是非判断类型
•Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
•Which of the following is TRUE?
•Which of the following is NOT true?
•Which of the following is true EXCEPT________
【关键词】 5W1H、TRUE、FALSE、EXCEPT 、NOT true

细节理解题的特点:

1.正确答案常见特征为:等价替换 。
凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。

2. 干扰项常见错误有：
（1）无中生有：文章中并未提及该对象；
（2）张冠李戴：将若干个考查对象混淆；
（3）以偏概全: 以部分代替所有；

解题技巧：
1、划 2、定 3、比

【步骤1】划：划出题干关键词

定位关键词的选择原则：
（1）明显定位标志
大写字母
数字
敏感词(序数词，最高级，唯一性only unique)
（2）核心含义定位
优先选择n.最好所有n.都找到
其次 adj / adv
最后是v.
注意：关键词数量一般2-4个最佳，以防1个词无法定位。

【步骤2】定：定位原文（句子/段落）

【细节题出题点】
（1）中心句(段首句，段尾句)
（2）转折关系：however,but ,yet
（3）因果关系：because，so
（4）举例关系:for example;for instance；such as
（5）敏感词(唯一性信息):最高级;序数词;only, unique
（6）特殊符号: ——、 “ ”、 ：、 （ ）、

【步骤3】比：对比原文和选项

正确选项特征：
（1）原文复现
（2）同义替换
（3）信息整合
（4）语气委婉（may,might），无绝对化词汇（must,only,never,none）

干扰性特征：
（1）无中生有
（2）与原文相反
（3）半错半对
（4）偷换概念

题型二：主旨大意题
主旨大意题的测试内容主要侧重“概括文章大意”和“确定文章的最佳标题”

主旨大意题常见的提问形式：
(1) The best title of this passage is...
(2) What is the main purpose of the passage?
(3) What is the passage mainly about?
(4) What's the main idea / topic of the passage?
【关键词】 main idea , title，purpose, mainly

【解题策略】
策略1：利用转折词（but, yet, however, although ）定位并归纳主旨大意
策略2：找出各个段落的主题句（疑问句/各段首句/尾句），概括文章中心。
策略3：根据选项中关键词（名词），逆向推理并对照文章内容。

【原理】主题句+解释句+举例子+总结=TEEC

1.主题句：我的同桌是一个可靠的人。
2.解释句：她总是帮我保守秘密。
3.举例子：记得又一次,考试的时候，抄袭...欺骗老师...不能欺骗老师。
4.总结句：我的同桌真是一个可靠的人啊！

问：这篇文章主要讲了什么？
A.我的同桌是个值得信赖的人 B.不要欺骗老师
C.考试不要抄袭 D.要替他人保守秘密。

正确选项的特点:
（1）不含细节信息和表绝对意义的词,
（2）中心词多为抽象名词（chance, general, difficult, way, necessary, importance，experience等）
（3）能概括文章全部内容;

干扰选项的特点:
（1）细节性的描述
（2）范围扩大
（3）带有新出现的名词的选项
（4）带有绝对化的选项(only/must/always/never)

题型三：词义猜测题
猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。

词义猜测题常见的提问形式：
1. What does the underlined word “…” mean?
2. The underlined word “….” can be replaced by ________.
3. The underlined word “…” probably means ________.
4. By saying “…”, the writer means ________.
5. The word “…” in the passage probably means ________.
【关键词】mean ,meaning ,underlined

【解题策略】
原理：信息有重复
基本原则：忠于原文

1、返回原文，找出该词出现的地方
2、结合上下文，理解该单词的含义
3、若是简单的熟悉词汇，其常规字面意思必定不是正确答案
4、猜词题的答案经常隐藏在该词汇出现的地方
5、寻找时应该注意中文标注，特殊标点，定语从句，及前后缀，特别注意前后句的逻辑关系。

猜测词义的方法主要有:
【方法1】定义或解释说明
【方法2】举例说明
【方法3】同义词、近义词、反义词
【方法4】逻辑关系提示

题型四：推理判断题
中考阅读理解中，此类型题目着重考查文章的出处和读者等。

推理判断题常见的提问形式：
1.This passages is probably from _______.
2. This passage is mainly written for ____.
3. This library guide is for_______.
4. We can probably see the passage in _______.

1.常考文章来源相关单词
book review 书评 school report 科学报告
magazine 杂志 travel guide 旅游导游
website 网站 advertisement 广告
novel 小说 poster 海报
notice 通知 letter 书信
newspaper 报纸 instruction 说明书

2.常考文章读者相关单词
teacher 教师 parent 父母
child 孩子 student 学生
visitor 参观者 worker 工作人员
police 警察 teenager 青少年

【解题策略】
1. 由已知推测未知，遵循“推理有据，忠于原文”的原则。
解题要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，忠实于原文

2. 结合有关背景知识或常识来进行分析与判断。
如，报纸刊登事实报道，杂志期刊一般刊登健康、体育娱乐等指导信息，书评刊登书籍信息及感受。

3. 明确文章的体裁、题材和文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度。
（1）故事类文章（娱乐读者，让人发笑,阐述哲理）
（2）广告类文章（说服读者接受某种观点，传播信息）
（3）科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类文章(告知读者某些信息)



（2023·浙江杭州·统考一模）Everyone wants to be happy, but sometimes it can be difficult to feel happiness. That’s because we have misunderstandings about happiness that can get in the way. The good news is that changing the way you think about happiness can help you to feel more joy each day.
Dr. Mark Williamson from the charity Action for Happiness says, “Happiness is not about denying (拒绝承认) terrible feelings or being joyful all the time. It’s about making the most of good times and learning to deal with bad times.” Dr. Francesca Geens believes that happiness comes when we feel good about who we are and where our life is going.
Noticing when you feel happy and what you’re doing or what’s happening at that time can help you to find more happiness. For example, you may realize that working out a difficult puzzle makes you feel better than watching a favorite TV show. What helps you to feel happy might be different from what makes someone else happy.
Start a list of things that make you happy and keep adding to it as you discover new ones. Make time to do what you know makes you happy and remember that joy isn’t only found in what you do for yourself—being kind and thoughtful to other people helps you feel happier, too.
There are misunderstandings that can make it hard to feel happy. One is that it’s selfish to be happy when other people are sad. However, stopping yourself from being happy doesn’t make other people less sad. In fact, research has shown that happy people spread happiness to others. Another thing is thinking that you need lots of money and things to be happy. Studies have shown that when people win the lottery (彩票), they feel a short burst of happiness but they soon return to feeling the same as they did before they won. So it’s important to notice the simple things that make you feel happy.
1．What can we learn from the text about happiness?
A．It’s easy for everyone to feel happiness. B．It’s necessary to deny bad feelings.
C．It means you don’t go through bad times. D．It comes when we feel good about ourselves.
2．How does the author explain the way to feel more joy in Paragraph 3?
A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question.
C．By giving an example. D．By comparing two facts.
3．What can be learned from the text?
A．Stop being happy when others are sad.
B．Happiness can also lie in the simple things.
C．Helping others has nothing to do with happiness.
D．Winning Lottery can make you happy for a very long time.
4．Which of the following shows the structure of the text?
A． B． C． D．

（2023·山东烟台·统考一模）In America, an increasing number of middle and high schools now require students to serve a certain number of community service hours before they can graduate. And some parents ask their children to do volunteer work year round even if it’s not mandatory (强制性的) at school.
Volunteering has important benefits (益处), such as learning new skills and developing responsibility. However, some people question whether community service is worthwhile if students are forced (强迫，迫使) to take part.
Some people say that many teenagers’ schedules (日常安排) are filled with homework and after-school programs, and forcing them to do other activities will make them stressed out. “Adding community service to teenagers’ already crowded schedules makes it feel like an unpleasant and boring task,” says Ellison, 15, a student from Bay Head, New Jersey. Other people say that mandatory service will lead students to believe that they should only help others when they receive an immediate benefit in return, and finally discourage them from volunteering later in life。
Studies show that teenagers who volunteer are more likely to do better in school and are less likely to take part in risky behaviors. They also get social skills and work experience that can pay off later in life. However, if many busy teenagers are given a choice, they would simply skip voluntary service. That’s why requiring community service is important, supporters say. In addition, there is little proof (证据) to support that mandatory community service weakens young people’s motivation (动机) to join in future service. In fact, studies show that mandatory service is connected with strong wish to take part in future volunteering.
As a high school student in New York, Bellamy Richardson, now 18, had to do 75 hours of community service before graduation. At first, she was worried how she could find that much time. But to her surprise, she not only met the service requirement sooner than she’d expected, but also learned a lot, and found that she loved volunteering. Bellamy is now glad that her service wasn’t by choice。“Requiring community service would give other people the chance l had,” she said.
So ask yourself: Would you volunteer if it weren’t mandatory? Could the benefits of volunteering make it worthwhile no matter how teenagers take part? I suppose community service is something that should be encouraged even if it is just a duty at the beginning.
5．Some people are against mandatory community service because ________.
A．it has bad effect on students study
B．it makes students worried and bored
C．students have no ability to do it
D．students get little immediate benefit from it
6．The word “skip” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”.
A．give up performing B．get interested in C．have fun in doing D．enjoy benefits from
7．What can we learn from the example of Bellamy Richardson?
A．Students take part in community service because of strong love.
B．Many students don’t have the chances to offer community service.
C．Mandatory service makes students lose wish to volunteer in the future.
D．It’s possible and good for students to meet schools service requirement.
8．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To express support for mandatory community service.
B．To say the importance of balancing volunteer work and study.
C．To discuss the bad influence of volunteer work on students future life.
D．To remind people of the disadvantages of mandatory community service.

（2023·山东滨州·统考一模）
At 5,895 meters, Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa. It’s also the world’s tallest mountain that is not part of a mountain range (山脉). The mountain is part of Kilimanjaro National Park in the northeast of Tanzania. Around 50, 000 people visit the park each year. Most of them — about 35,000 every year — are trying to climb the mountain.
But climbing such a tall, glacier-covered (冰川覆盖的) mountain isn’t easy. About one-third of the people who try to climb it are forced to give up. Tanzania’s information minister said, “In the past, it was a bit dangerous for visitors without the Internet.”
The new Internet service should make it easier for climbers to reach the top of the mountain. They can use the Internet to check maps and find their way. And they can also use the Internet to call for help if they need it.
Now, the new service reaches more than halfway up the mountain. The government says that by the end of the year, climbers will be able to get the Internet even at the very top of Mount Kilimanjaro.
The government adds that safety is the main reason for setting up the Internet service on the mountain. At the same time, having people post pictures and videos on social media as they climb Mount Kilimanjaro would certainly make the mountain even more popular with tourists.
Some people, however, aren’t happy with the government’s decision. The reason is that, according to a study in 2020, only about 83% of people in Tanzania could get cell phone service.
9．Which is TRUE about Mount Kilimanjaro?
A．The mountain is the tallest mountain in Asia.
B．The mountain lies in the northeast of Tanzania.
C．About 50,000 people climb the mountain every year.
D．Kilimanjaro National Park is at the top of the mountain.
10．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing Paragraph 2?
A．To give advice on how to protect this area.
B．To show the difficulties in building the Internet.
C．To encourage more people to climb Mount Kilimanjaro.
D．To explain the importance of providing Internet service there.
11．Why is the Internet service good for climbers?
A．Because they can buy things easily.
B．Because they can get help quickly.
C．Because they can know the exact time.
D．Because they can make new friends online.
12．According to the passage, what can we learn about the Internet service on the mountain?
A．Tourists need to pay to use the service.
B．The Internet service may help bring more visitors.
C．Everyone supports the decision to build the Internet service.
D．Climbers now can use the service at the top of the mountain.
13．Where is the passage probably from?
A．A news report. B．A sports magazine. C．A history book. D．A scientific research.

（2023·河南南阳·统考一模）Here’s some information about some delicious food for you.
Serene RestaurantMain food: Baked meat
Opening Hours: Mon. to Fri.: 7:30 a. m. —9:00 p. m.;
                    Sat.: 7:30 a. m. —9:30 p m.;
                    Sun.: 11:00 a. m. —11:30 p. m.
Fee: Around $8 each
Description: There are all kinds of foods here: meat, vegetables, fruits and drinks. Hot water and drinks are free. If you order food, please visit www.SereneRestaurant.com.
Telephone: 020-6788-1269
Yummy RestaurantMain Food: Seafood
Opening Hours: Mon. to Fri.: 9:00 a. m. —5:00 p. m.;
                    Sat.: 9:00 a. m. —6:00 p. m.;
                    Sun.:9:00 a. m. —7:00 p. m.
Fee: Around $20 each
Description: We have many kinds of seafood. Also you can order food from www.YummyRestaurant.com.
Telephone: 020-6782-3134
DoEat RestaurantMain Food: Fast food
Opening Hours: Mon., Wed. and Fri.: 9:30 a. m. —5:30 p. m.;
             Thurs., Sat. and Sun.:9:30 a. m. —9:00 p. m.
Fee: Around $5 each
Description: Here you can find rice, noodles, dishes and drinks. Lots of delicious fast food can make you feel at home. Why not order food from www. DoEat Restaurant. com?
Telephone: 020-6785-5120
Feast Coffee ShopMain Food: Western food
Opening Hours: Mon. to Fri: 9:00 a. m. —10:30 p. m.;
                    Sat. and Sun.: 10:00 a. m. —10:30 p. m.
Fee: Around $12 each
Description: Beef, chicken, bread, fruits, coffee and so on. It’s clean and quiet here. You can order food from www. Feast Coffee Shop.com.
Telephone: 020-6766-5486
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
14．Jack wants to order some food with free drinks, ______ will help him.
A．www.SereneRestaurant.com B．www.YummyRestaurant.com
C．www.DoEatRestaurant.com D．www.FeastCoffeeshop.com
15．If Michael wants to enjoy some seafood, he may call ______ for more information.
A．020-6788-1269 B．020-6782-3134 C．020-6785-5120 D．020-6766-5486
16．Which is the proper time to visit DoEat Restaurant?
A．At 9:00 a. m. on Saturday. B．At 10:00 a. m. on Tuesday.
C．At 4:30 p. m. on Friday. D．At 6:30 p. m. on Wednesday.
17．If John wants to have Western food with his parents, how much should they pay?
A．Around $15. B．Around $20. C．Around $24. D．Around $36.
18．Where is the text most probably from?
A．A shopping poster. B．A science report.
C．A food magazine. D．A restaurant menu.

（2023·河南南阳·统考一模）Facial-recognition cameras are everywhere — even in your smartphone. Many people use this technology to unlock (解锁) their phones, open doors or make quick payments. But there is a problem: Someone wears masks. What a headache!
Scientists are trying to solve this problem. For example, Engineering and Technology (E&T) magazine reports that Hanwang, a tech company in Beijing, has made a new system. It can recognize (辨认) 95% of people when they wear masks.
What’s the secret? It’s all about your eyes. Marios Savvides from Carnegie Mellon University studies facial-recognition. As we get older, he says, our faces change shape. But the area around our eyes doesn’t. It stays the same — even if we put on weight. As long as there are enough data from the area of our eyes, the cameras can recognize us.
Tech5 is another facial-recognition company. The Swiss company’s products scan (扫描) the shape of your face. They also scan your iris (虹膜), which is the colored part of your eyes. Tech5 hopes to ignore (忽略) all of the face below the nose.
This kind of software is more important than just unlocking your phone. “It can discover criminals (罪犯), even when they wear masks.” said Huang Lei from Hanwang. Hanwang’s technology is used by Chinese police in places like subway stations and airports. Similar technology is used by the United States Air Force.
Huang pointed out one big weakness: It fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses. “In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost.” Lei said to E&T.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
19．At present, what can facial-recognition technology be used for?
A．Taking photos. B．Shutting doors. C．Paying for things. D．Locking smartphones.
20．What is the problem with facial-recognition technology?
A．It doesn’t work when people wear masks.
B．It causes trouble to people’s faces.
C．It brings people headaches all the time.
D．It gives personal information to the bad.
21．Why are eyes the key to solving recognition problems?
A．Because eyes never get old.
B．Because eyes have bright colors.
C．Because the area around our eyes doesn’t change.
D．Because eyes can store the people’s key information.
22．Which of the following is a picture of a mask?
A． B．
C． D．
23．What’s the best title for the text?
A．It is all about eyes B．It is a safe way
C．Facial information is important D．Facial-recognition is a risk.

（2023·河南南阳·统考一模）Have you ever seen a solar panel (太阳能电池板) in your neighborhood? Solar panels take energy from the sun and turn it into electricity. Over the past ten years, the price of solar panels has gone down greatly. In many parts of the world, solar energy is now the cheapest form of electricity. More and more people have started using solar energy.
However, common solar panels also have their problems. They stop working at night and on rainy days. Is it possible to make them produce electricity all the time?
Scientists at Suzhou University, China, have invented a new solar panel now. It can produce electricity not only from solar energy but also from falling rain. When a raindrop falls on the solar panel and then rolls (滚动) down, it creates friction (摩擦力) on the surface of the panel, which can then be turned into electricity.
Sun Baoquan is one of the inventors. “Our new invention can produce electricity in any weather during the day, even at night,” he says.
The solar panel, however, does not make much electricity from falling rain. So Sun Baoquan is still working hard to improve it. The scientist also wants to make solar panels more flexible, which are as soft as clothing.
The field of solar energy is developing fast. Scientists around the world have been improving solar panels. Some have been working on ways to join solar panels and wind power together. Some have been trying to use other ways.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
24．Which energy is now the cheapest form of electricity in many parts of the world?
A．Solar energy. B．Water energy. C．Wind energy. D．Natural gas.
25．What is one of the problems of common solar panels?
A．They can’t work all the time. B．The price of them is rising.
C．They can hardly be used in people’s homes. D．It creates friction when producing electricity.
26．Why is the new solar panel more scientific and useful?
A．It has a larger size than a common one.
B．It produces more electricity from falling rain than solar energy.
C．It can produce electricity day and night and even in rainy condition.
D．It can save more money.
27．What does the underlined word “flexible” mean in Paragraph 5?
A．坚硬的 B．光滑的 C．粗糙的 D．柔软的
28．We can infer (推断) from the text that ________.
A．there is no room for developing solar energy
B．there is no end to the research in the field of solar energy
C．solar energy has met people’s needs for electricity
D．solar energy has completely taken the place of other kinds of energy

（2023·江苏南通·统考一模）
Jacky feels different these days. He isn’t as playful as usual and doesn’t like to talk much. Some of us may feel like Jacky sometimes. When unexpected things happen, we can feel like this. There are also some other things that can put us in bad moods. Here are some examples. We might feel bad if we’re not getting along well with our friends, or if we do poorly on an exam. Having bad moods too often can affect our mental (心理) health. The 4 habits below can harm our mental health.
> Sleep too little
A lack of sleep can make us feel bad.
> Lack of exercise
For the best result, try to do no less than 30 minutes of exercise three to five times a week.
> Bad diets
Studies have shown that eating cakes and bread in large quantities, and low amounts of fruit and vegetable will increase the risk of depression (沮丧) and mood disorders.
Being inside all day
Spending the most of our day indoors can increase our risk for depression.
Don’t be afraid of having bad moods. The tips below can help us overcome them.
Accept our moods
No one can be happy all the time. Our friends and parents can also have bad moods sometimes. Bad moods are normal. Accept this first and then we can find ways to deal with them.
Let our bad feelings out
When we feel unhappy or upset, don’t hide our feelings or pretend nothing is wrong. We can find a comfortable way to let them out.
> We can talk to our parents or friends.
> We can write bout our feelings in our diary.
We can read our favourite books.
We can play sports or do some other kinds of activities.
Set a new goal
Messing up (搞砸) something can put us in a bad mood, too. But we can just try harder next time. For example:
We didn’t win a soccer game. Try to score a goal next time.
>We didn’t do well on an exam. Try to get five more points next time.
We had an argument with our friend. Next time, try to talk to him or her in a nice way.
Remember that bad things will end
No matter what makes us feel bad, it will end at last. Remembering this will help us feel better.
29．What can affect our mental health?
A．Feeling different sometimes. B．Doing well on exams.
C．Getting along well with our friends. D．Having bad moods too often.
30．The underlined word “them” refers to ________.
A．our friends B．our parents C．bad moods D．some tips
31．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．How to be different. B．How to exercise.
C．How to get rid of bad moods. D．How to get rid of bad diets.
32．If Jacky reads about the article, what will he probably do to make himself playful again?
A．He will probably have a talk with his parents. B．He will probably argue with his friend.
C．He will probably remember his bad feelings. D．He will probably mess up something.

（2023·江苏南通·统考一模）One day last month, Antony Aumann, a college professor in the United States, was grading papers for his course. While he was reading the “best paper in the class, “a red ‘warning’ flag suddenly went up. Later, Aumann asked the student whether he had written the essay himself. The student shook his head. He admitted (承认) using ChatGPT, a chatbot that is able to answer questions as well as write emails, poems and articles.
Since artificial intelligence (人工智能) lab OpenAI released ChatGPT last November, the chatbot has enjoyed huge welcome. Students are using it to do their homework for them. All over the world, professors like Aumann are redesigning their courses in response to this. Some have decided to include more oral exams and handwritten papers. Gone are tasks like “write five pages about this or that.” Professors are instead designing questions that they hope will be too clever for chatbots. Some are asking students to write about their own lives.
Many schools, however, are unwilling to ban(禁止) the use of ChatGPT altogether. They are, instead, treating it the way they treat calculators. In the first place, they don’t believe a ban would be useful. Students will find ways to use ChatGPT if they want to. Moreover, chatbots are unlikely to be the last technological development. Rather than stay away from them, students and teacher alike should learn to make proper use of them. The University at Buffalo in New York, for example, has introduced a discussion of AI tools in its courses. The school is using it to teach students about being honest. It is also helping them to understand both the strengths and the weaknesses of chatbots.
Some students have started learning how to work alongside AI tools. Lizzie Shackney is a student at the University of Pennsylvania. She uses ChatGPT to quickly produce a large number of possibly useful ideas for her papers. She then thinks over these ideas and decides what to include in her papers and what not to include. The student always writes her papers herself. “With AI tools, I won’t have to spin my wheels,”she said. “But I am also not going to depend on them to do everything for me.”
33．While the professor was reading an article, a red “warning” flag went up ________.
A．to show the paper was well written B．to point out the main idea of the article
C．to show it may be written by ChatGPT D．to show the computer may catch virus
34．To prevent students using chatbot to help with homework, some professors ________.
A．design tasks like “write five pages about this or that”
B．only ask their students to hand in handwritten papers
C．design questions too clever for students to answer
D．design questions that chatbot can’t reply to easily
35．The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that ________.
A．it is necessary to keep students away from ChatGPT
B．it is important to help students use Chat GPT properly
C．it is wise to ban the use of Chat GPT at universities
D．it is necessary for universities to ban AI tools in class
36．The underlined “spin my wheels” in the last paragraph is similar to ________.
A．waste my time or effort B．waste my talent or youth
C．waste my power or space D．waste my money or energy

（2023·广东珠海·珠海市第九中学校考一模）When thinking of the Arctic（北冰洋）, some people may imagine an icy land of white snow. And other people may imagine it as the last really clean place left on Earth. In fact, we have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish, and now, CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn.”
German scientists have recently found microplastics in Arctic snow. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of microplastics per liter（升）of snow. That may cause terrible air pollution.
How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air. They fall off plastic objects and are moved by the wind. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow.”
Are they bad for us? We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.
Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, damaging ecosystems along the way. When we wash clothes with plastic fibers, they start in our wastewater. The wastewater then flows into rivers and out to sea. They are eaten by sea animals there. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.
37．What can we learn from what CNN says in paragraph 1?
A．Arctic is still a beautiful icy land with clean air.
B．Arctic is the last clean place left to the earth.
C．Arctic has already been polluted by plastic.
D．Arctic is always a pure land with white snow.
38．Which picture shows the right way of the travel of microplastics?
①microplastics         ②snow        ③human body         ④air
⑤sea animals            ⑥seas         ⑦wastewater           ⑧Arctic
A． B．
C． D．
39．What’s the meaning of the underlined word contribute?
A．Donate. B．Cause. C．Provide. D．Separate.
40．Why do the author write this passage?
A．To tell readers not to eat sea animals.
B．To tell readers not to travel to Arctic.
C．To tell readers to use less plastic products.
D．To tell readers to wear masks when it snows.
41．Which is the best title for this article?
A．Microplastics in Arctic
B．Microplastics Are Hurting Ecosystems
C．Microplastics And Lung Cancer
D．Microplastics Fall with Snow

（2023·陕西西安·陕西师大附中校考三模）

A tree has roots. People have roots, too. If you get to the root of a problem, you will solve it. It’s the same thing with words. Dig deeply into a big, unfamiliar (不熟悉的) word and you will understand where it came from.
Prefix, Suffix & Root Words
As readers, especially those reading in a second language, we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives (侦探) looking for information to unlock the unknown. Like any good detective arriving on the crime scene, the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge (判断) the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what means.
As you know, prefixes (前缀) and suffixes (后缀) can be added to the beginning or end of words to change the meaning. Know them, and you will have the word building power. But root words are the key. Take time to learn a few of these, put them in your memory, and you will become a master word detective.
Let’s look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin word means “other”. When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with “other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it?
If you and your friend like to eat out. first you pay and the other pays the next-time. You are alternating paving.If you go to the movies on alternate Saturdays, you go on one Saturday, but not the other Saturday.
If you have no alternative, you have no other choice.
Learn as many root words as possible in the language you are studying. Then use your “rooting for words” skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard work are always paid back.
42．If Jim and Lily go to the movies, which one below is “alternating paying”?
A．They each pay half. B．Jim pays every time.
C．They take turns to pay. D．Their parents pay for them.
43．How does the writer explain his ideas about root words?
A．By giving a fact. B．By taking an example.
C．By telling a story. D．By having a discussion.
44．“Sen” from the Latin word means ‘old’. Which word uses this Latin root?
A．My brother is my senior by two years. B．He was ill so he was absent from school.
C．A criminal was sentenced to death by law. D．60 students were present at the sports meeting.
45．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
(①=paragraph 1 ②=paragraph 2, …)
A． B． C． D．
（2023·广东深圳·校联考二模）At a logistics（物流）company in Shenzhen, Guangdong, robots have replaced workers in sorting（分拣）goods. They work 30 percent faster and make few mistakes. Millions of robots work day and night like this in factories across China.
In 2022, the number of working industrial（工业的）robots relative to the number of workers reached 322 per 10, 000 workers in China, according to the World Robotics 2022 Report by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR). This made China ranked fifth in the world. For the first time, China’s ranking went higher than the United States, which ranked ninth.
Robot density（密度）shows the automation（自动化）level in the manufacturing（制造）industry, said Marina Bill, president of the IFR. The new average of global robot density in the manufacturing industry is 141 robots per 10, 000 workers.
Robots are playing an important role in making factories smarter and improving the manufacturing industry, according to Tao Yong, a professor of robotics at Beihang University in Beijing. They can help reduce costs and improve efficiency.
“Today’s factories, with the help of robots, are more like clever engineers with quick eyes and hands, “ Wu Zhijie, who works for the engineering equipment company Sany, told Xinhua.
The progress of the robotics sector（产业）mirrors the fast growth of the industrial internet in China. The country has more than 3, 100 5G+ industrial internet projects and over platforms with strong influence, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The industrial internet covers 45 key sectors, including manufacturing, energy and electricity. Its added value reached 4.13 trillion yuan in 2021.
46．What do we know about the logistics company in Shenzhen?
A．Workers made many mistakes when sorting goods.
B．30 percent of its sorting work is done by robots.
C．Its robots are working day and night to sort goods.
D．All of its workers have been replaced by robots.
47．According to the IFR’s World Robotics 2022 Report, how many working robots are there in China when there are 100 human workers?
A．About 3. B．5. C．32. D．322.
48．What can robots help factories do according to the passage?
a. Make engineers smarter.    b. Reduce costs.
c. Improve efficiency.            d. Teach workers new skills.
A．ab B．bc C．ac D．bd
49．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “mirrors”?
A．pushes. B．takes. C．looks. D．shows.
50．What is the last two paragraphs mainly about?
A．How many industrial internet projects there are in China.
B．The development of the industrial internet in China.
C．What helps China’s industrial internet develop.
D．The reasons for developing industrial internet projects.

（2023·重庆·模拟预测）
Biotech foods are produced from animals and plants that have been made genetically different. Genetic alteration is nothing new. Humans have been changing the genetic features of plants for thousands of years by keeping seeds from the best crops and planting them the following years, and by breeding varied kinds to make them taste sweeter, grow bigger, or last longer.
Traditional breeders always used plants or animals that were related, or genetically similar. However, today’s genetic engineers can transfer just a few genes at a time between species that are distantly related, or not related at all. There are surprising examples: Mouse genes have been put into lettuce plants to make a plant that produces vitamin C． Moth genes have been put into apple trees to help it from being affected by diseases. Anyway, the purpose of traditional and modern techniques is the same to insert genes from an animal or plant that carries a desired feature into one that does not.
Q: ?
According to a 2016 report from the National Academy of Sciences, “No differences have been found that show a higher risk to human health and safety from these genetic foods (GE foods) than from non-GE ones.” Some GE foods might even be safer than non-GE foods.
However, many people fear that when moving genes across completely different species, something could go wrong in the function of the inserted gene or that of the host DNA, with the possibility of unexpected health effects.
Q: Can biotech foods help feed the world?
According to the WHO, between 250,000 and 500,000 kids go blind every year in short of vitamin A, with half of those children dying of losing their sight. “Golden rice”—a biotech variety named for its yellow color—is thought to be a possible solution to the suffering and illness caused by vitamin A shortage.
Other experts, however, hold the opposite opinion. “Golden rice alone won’t greatly reduce vitamin A shortage.” says Professor Nestle of New York University. “Whether it will improve vitamin A levels remains to be seen.”
Q: What’s next?
Whether biotech foods will help get rid of world hunger or improve the lives of all remains to be seen. Their possibility is extremely large, yet they carry risks. If science goes on with great care, testing new products completely and using dependable judgment, the world may avoid the dangers of genetic alteration while enjoying its benefits.
51．Traditional breeders bred an animal or plant by ________.
A．keeping the gene of the same plant each year
B．using some related plants or animals to breed
C．creating an animal or plant with undesired features
D．transferring a few genes at a time from one plant to another
52．What can be put the in the ________?
A．What exactly are biotech foods
B．How to insert genes into biotech foods
C．Are biotech foods really safe for humans
D．Can biotech foods harm the environment
53．The main idea of the last paragraph is ________
A．with care, the use of biotech foods could possibly be realized
B．the world has already seen great progress thanks to biotech foods
C．biotech food development has been slowed by the many related risks
D．the risks of biotech foods seem to be greater than any possible benefits
54．The writer’s purpose of writing the passage is to ________.
A．show both sides of the biotech food topic
B．make biotech foods seem as attractive as possible
C．convince the readers that biotech foods are dangerous
D．explain why biotech foods will probably not be successful

（2023·广东·统考一模）Oceans make up about 71% of the earth’s surface. They’re important to the health of the earth and human beings. However, just 5% of the ocean has been explored and less than 10% has been mapped using modern technology. If we can send satellites (卫星) millions of miles into space, then why has so little of the ocean been studied?
One reason is that the ocean is not as simple as it seems to be. We’ve always been able to study the ocean’s surface. But we’ve only just started looking into the deep ocean within the past thirty years. Satellites have helped us study the ocean’s surface. If we want to dig deeper, more advanced (高级) technology is needed. But when we reach the deep ocean about 200 meters or more below the ocean’s surface, we will enter complete darkness. At these great depths, we will not be able to see anything. It’s also very cold and the pressure is deadly.
As you can see, deep sea exploration is tough. But there is still hope to learn more. Many organizations are making efforts in ocean exploration by supporting scientists to study unknown and little-known areas. It’s hard to protect our ocean if we know so little about it. And there are many reasons why we should protect it. The ocean produces more than half of the world’s oxygen (氧气). It also influences climate, provides food and medicine as well as supports trade among nations around the world.
55．How much of the ocean has been mapped by humans?
A．Just 5%. B．Less than 10%. C．More than 50%. D．About 71%.
56．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．When is the best time to study the ocean.
B．How long humans have studied the ocean.
C．Why humans have studied the ocean so little.
D．What technology is needed to study the ocean.
57．What does the underlined word “tough” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Meaningful. B．Helpful. C．Difficult. D．Boring.
58．It is important to protect the ocean partly because ________.
A．it can stop climate change B．it supports international trade
C．it offers 45% of the world’s oxygen D．it provides half of the world’s food
59．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Oceans Bring Us Closer B．Oceans Become Warmer
C．Oceans Wait to Be Explored D．Oceans Need to Be Protected

（2023·山东临沂·统考一模）If you go shopping in any toy store, you can see there are a lot of pink toys on one side of the store for girls；and dark-colored cars, guns, and soldiers for boys. Some big stores with toys may even have a pink floor for girls and a blue floor for boys. In fact, it is difficult to buy a toy for a girl that is not pink.
Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls. Sue Palmer, writer of Toxic Childhood, is very worried that most girls over the age of three are crazy about the color. Sue Palmer says that girls at this age cannot make proper decisions by themselves, but the pink can affect (影响) the choices and the decisions they will make in the future.
Some parents are worried too. For example, Vanessa Holbum who has two girls under the age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. “Pink says that you are soft and gentle. Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I’m worried that pink will not help them with that,” she says.
But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn’t worried at all. “People forget that things change all the time,” he says. “My girls used to love pink when they were little, but as they get older, they change.” Turner explains that his twelve-year-old daughter never wears pink clothes anymore. “This love of pink is just a fashion and all fashions change,” he adds.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
60．Who is the writer of Toxic Childhood?
A．Sue Palmer B．Vanessa Holbum C．Grayson Turner
61．The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 means _______.
A．being soft and gentle B．being strong and powerful C．being gentle but powerful
62．Which of the correct structure of the passage?
A． B． C．
63．The purpose of this passage is to ______.
A．explain why girls are crazy about the color pink
B．make parents less worried about the color pink
C．show people’s different opinions about the color pink

（2023·浙江宁波·统考一模）Can you read the air?
The words we say are important. They tell a listener about our thoughts and emotions. But words may not be the most important way to communicate meaning. According to one study, only seven percent of the meaning comes from words. Instead, meaning comes mostly from non-verbal communication (非言语交流), because non-verbal communication includes your tone of voice and your body language and it can cause misunderstandings when you are talking to someone from a different culture.
In Japan, for example, non-verbal communication is very important. Business speaker Erin Meyer once gave a presentation to a group of people in Japan, and at the end, she asked if anyone had any questions. No one raised their hand, so she sat down. A Japanese colleague (同事) told her that he thought some people did have questions. She was surprised. So he asked the group if they had any questions, and again, no one raised their hands. But then the colleague looked closely and asked a woman if she had a question. She did. Afterwards, Meyer asked her colleague how he knew that the woman had a question. He explained that in Japan, people who are looking at you directly often have questions.
Meyer’s experience shows it is necessary to “read the air”. Then how can people read the air? Here are some ways. Pay attention to non-verbal cues. They often reveal more about a person’s mood or attitude than their words do. Observe (观察) the social context and cultural norms of the situation. Different cultures have different levels of directness in communication, so it’s important to know how people in that culture usually express themselves. Listen carefully to the tone and style of language used. It may indicate a more serious and respectful context or request.
In fact, reading the air is a social skill that people in certain cultures or situations use to understand the unspoken emotions, thoughts, or intentions behind what someone says or does.
64．According to the passage, what does “read the air” mean?
A．Verbal communication. B．Non-verbal communication.
C．Knowing different cultures. D．Methods to express oneself.
65．How does the writer tell the importance of reading the air in Para. 2?
A．By giving an example. B．By showing numbers.
C．By asking questions. D．By making comparison.
66．How many ways of “read the air” are mentioned in Para. 3?
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
67．Why do people learn to “read the air”?
A．To learn more different culture.
B．To understand unspoken emotions.
C．To develop a social skill.
D．To guess the unspoken intentions.