2023年高考第三次模拟考试卷-英语（上海A卷）（考试版）

这是一份2023年高考第三次模拟考试卷-英语（上海A卷）（考试版），共16页。
绝密★启用前
2023年高考第三次模拟考试卷
英语
（考试时间：150分钟 试卷满分：140分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A （10分）
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1． A．She loves this beautiful world.
B．She prefers the junk food so much.
C．She wants to enjoy the beauty of the world.
D．She has no reason to cherish the junk.
2．A．The bear feels hot at the moment.
B．The bear stretches its body for exercise.
C．The bear conserves fat for the coming winter.
D．The bear must be enjoying the sunshine.
2． A．Mother and son.
B．Policeman and thief.
C．Boss and secretary.
D．Dentist and patient.
4．A．It is a hot and smoggy day.
B．There’s a traffic jam on Broadway Street.
C．The man is reading the news on air.
D．A vehicle is polluting the air seriously.
5．A．The movie is good except the bad ending.
B．The movie won an award.
C．She agrees with the man’s comments.
D．She doesn’t like the special effects.
6．A．The man has a stomach disease.
B．Inappropriate eating habit has made the man uncomfortable.
C．The man should eat nothing for dinner.
D．The man should have a thorough body check.
7． A．100% cotton pants in dark blue.
B．Fashionable pants in bright colors.
C． Grey pants made of pure cotton.
D． D．Something to match her brown pants.
8．A．She was late for the appointment.
B．She often kept other people waiting.
C．She ran into the man on her way here.
D．She called her friend about the book.
9．A．It was left behind in the hotel.
B．It got badly damaged on the way.
C．It got lost at the Madrid Airport.
D．It failed to arrive at its destination in time.
10．A．Women like to take knitting as a hobby.
B．Knitting takes practice before it is easy.
C．It takes great efforts to produce threads.
D．Knitting is not as relaxing as it seems.
Section B （15分）
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11．A．Their totally new looks. B．His own similar background.
C．Their varied life stories. D．His dream of becoming famous.
12．A．By training hairstylists in about 15 countries.
B．By posting photos with stories on social media.
C．By offering free services to street animals as well.
D．By leading the homeless to do something for nothing.
13．A．Living conditions of the homeless. B．An Internet celebrity hairdresser.
C．Experiences of sharing photos online. D．Acts of kindness to the homeless.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．Helping you heal a broken heart. B．Helping you live in your own world.
C．Helping you cure all kinds of diseases. D．Helping you connect others for comfort.
15．A．It is impossible to heal with sad music.
B．Heartache is curable even without sad music.
C．Listening to sad music stimulates the desire to contact others.
D．When you feel sad, listening to sad music will lift your mood.
16．A．Sad people should not listen to sad music.
B．Sad music can help you recover from a broken heart.
C．You can listen to sad music when you are sad.
D．Listening to sad music has great effect on mood.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17．A．Signing up members. B．Organizing protests.
C．Acting as its spokesman. D．Saving endangered animals.
18．A．Anti-nuclear campaigns. B．Removing industrial waste.
C．Surveying the Atlantic Ocean floor. D．Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations.
19．A．By engaging in violence. B．By disturbing them.
C．By appealing to the public. D．By taking legal action.
20．A．Reserved. B．Uninterested.
C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
II. Grammar and vocabulary (共 20 题，每小题 1 分，满分 20 分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Morning or night? Which time of day do you enjoy the most and are more mentally alert? ___21___ one you prefer, there is a name for you.
Early birds or morning larks (云雀), as you can guess, are morning people. They have more energy in the morning and are happy to greet the day. ___22___ they rise early, they lose energy in the late afternoon. Therefore, morning larks tend to hit the hay early. As most of society runs on daylight hours, morning larks are seen as productive people. As the saying goes: “The early bird gets the worm.”
Night owls are the opposite of morning larks. These people have ___23___ (little) energy in the morning. They would rather get a few more hours of sleep than rise with the sun. But on the other side, night owls come alive in the late evening hours. They become energetic and find inspiration in the moonlight. It’s no surprise___24___ they can they up well into the night.
While all birds ___25___ (create) equal, some night owls wish they could rise earlier. If you are one of them, here are some tips to help you catch that worm.
People___26___ not adjust their bedtimes overnight (一夜之间). So far those night owls wishing to rise at dawn, start with a 15-minute change. Go to bed 15 minutes earlier than usual and wake up that much earlier as well. Keep the pattern going until you find yourself___27___  (rise) with the sun.
Though it may be challenging. start your morning with as much light as possible. Open the curtains. Turn on the lights. See what ___28___ difference it makes in helping you start your day.
To make the change from owl to lark you need to be consistent and rise early every day. Don’t work hard to rise early during the week only ___29___  (sleep) in on weekends. Pick an hour to wake up, and do it every day.
For the night owls out there, hopefully these tips ___30___  (make) your mornings more bearable.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．associated      B．charge      C．cooling      D．deaden      E. appliances      F. narrow
G. causes      H. reflective      I. restricted      J. typically      K. unstable
How does thunder-snow work? Thunder-snow is rare because the conditions that produce snow tend to have a stabilizing effect on the atmosphere. In winter the surface and lower troposphere (对流层) are cold and there is little moisture to lead to lightning. Lightning super-heats the air, while the rapid ___31___ produces the sound waves we call thunder. Thunderstorms can form in winter, but have different characteristics. A typical normal thunderstorm consists of tall, ___32___ clouds that rise from a warm updraft (上升气流) leading from the surface up to around 40, 000 feet. Thunder-snow usually forms when layers of flat snow clouds develop instability and experience dynamic lifting. Three ___33___ lead to the instability. Firstly, a normal thunderstorm at the edge of a warm or cold front can run into cold air, changing rain into freezing rain or snow. Secondly, when the flat snow clouds become bumpy or develop what are usually called “turrets”. Turrets rise about the clouds, making the top layer ___34___ . The change causes water molecules or ice crystals to gain or lose electrons (电子). When the electrical ___35___ difference between two bodies becomes large enough, lightning occurs. Thirdly, a cold air front passing over warmer water can produce thunder-snow. This is the type of thunder-snow most often seen near the Great Lakes or near and ocean.
The obvious difference between a typical thunderstorm and thunder-snow is that a thunderstorm produces rain, while thunder-snow is ___36___ with snow. However, the thunder and lightning of thunder-snow are different, too. Snow can ___37___ sound, so thundersnow’s thunder sounds low and doesn’t travel as far as it would in a clear or rainy sky. Normal thunder may be heard miles from its source, while thunder-snow thunder tends to be ___38___ to a 2 to 3 mile radius from the lightning strike. While the sound of a thunder may be lowered, lightning flashes are enhanced by ___39___ snow. Thunder-snow lightning ____40____ appears white or golden, rather than the usual blue or purple of thunderstorm lightning.
III Reading Comprehension(满分 45 分)
Section A (共 15 题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Owing to the recent pandemic （流行病）researchers have been trying to find more ways to kill viruses, and one result of their work involves ___41___ .
It has long been known that ultraviolet（UV）（紫外线的）light can destroy microbes such as bacteria and viruses. It is already used as a cleaning agent in hospitals and to ___42___ air and water but only when people aren’t around. That’s because there are three types of UV light: UVA, UVB and UVC．and they are all ___43___ to humans. UVA and UVB exposure can ___44___ skin cancer, while UVB is responsible for sunburns. UVC light is mostly absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere, but it is even more dangerous. Artificial UVC light can pass through the outer layer of skin and eye cells to ___45___ the living cells underneath.
___46___, there is a type of UVC light, known as far-UVC, which does not pass through the outer layer of cells. But studies of the long-term effects of far-UVC on humans, ___47___ studies on groups comprising more than 20 people, are not available.
Researcher David Brenner has helped develop a far-UVC light that kills viruses and bacteria. In a normal-sized room, five lamps ___48___ the number of microbes by 98 percent in less than five minutes. To achieve results like this through ventilation（通风设备）alone, the air would have to be changed 184 times per hour, which is currently ___49___ . Even at lower settings, the lamps still killed 92 percent of viruses in 15 minutes.
Countries vary in their standards for how much UV light people are allowed to be ____50____ to. Since Brenner’s team was operating in the United States, he observed American ____51____ , which are less strict than those of some countries such as Germany. But even working within Germany’s lower limit of UV light exposure, Brenner’s lights still decrease the number of microbes ____52____ . Brenner argues that using the lights, even ____53____ Germany’s regulations, would likely have reduced the number of people who died from Covid-19.
In the future, far-UVC lamps may be ____54____ in all public spaces. Researchers hope that installation and use of such lamps could prevent future ____55____ . Although more extensive research needs to be done, there is hope that this will be their effect.
41．A．electricity B．sound C．light D．air
42．A．clean B．separate C．produce D．mix
43．A．beneficial B．harmful C．influential D．essential
44．A．turn to B．refer to C．owe to D．lead to
45．A．damage B．avoid C．protect D．absorb
46．A．Moreover B．However C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
47．A．as much as B．as for C．as a result of D．as well as
48．A．increased B．exploded C．reduced D．lightened
49．A．definite B．impossible C．realistic D．sensible
50．A．extended B．covered C．exposed D．warned
51．A．standards B．features C．policies D．orders
52．A．permanently B．instantly C．completely D．significantly
53．A．designing B．obeying C．applying D．experimenting
54．A．common B．unusual C．seldom D．doubtful
55．A．lamps B．projects C．pandemics D．diseases
Section B (共 11 题，每小题 2 分，满分 22 分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
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B
Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel? Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods? Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes, while others aren’t so sure.
Yet many marketers, interior designers, medical professionals and others swear by an informal field of science known as color psychology. Color psychology is defined as “the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings.”
Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things. When choosing paint, fumiture and wall art, interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us. Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients.
We should keep in mind, though, that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color. For instance, in the West, white is for brides and black is for funerals. But in ancient Asia, white was sometimes worn for funerals. In Japan yellow represents courage while in the United States, it represents happiness. Additionally, many variables including gender, age, background and more must be considered before making color assumptions when one is studying the effects of color.
After taking color variable into account it’s safe to consider some mainstream theories about specific colors and their meanings. Here are just a few:
Red symbolizes love, energy, passion and danger. Red is also believed to increase one’s hunger, which might be the reason why MeDonald’s and Coca-Cola chose red as their major branding color.
Brown, a color from nature, best represents things that are honest, trustworthy and dependable. It seems a perfect fit as the branding color for the package delivery company UPS.
Blue -in addition to representing peace and calm-also means integrity and competence. It’s no surprise that PayPal and American Express both use blue as their branding color.
Green-another color from nature -represents health, growth and freshness and is the perfect branding color for Starbucks.
Pink symbolizes love, romance, innocence and femininity（女性特质）. The popular doll company that makes Barbie uses pink as its major branding color.
If color psychology advocates are correct, then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us. With this knowledge, we can effectively harness （驾驭）color power to create positive school, work and home environments.
59．What does the phrase swear by in the second paragraph probably mean?
A．deeply believe B．somewhat doubt C．deeply investigate D．still wish
60．What is the writer’s purpose of taking white and black as an example in the passage?
A．To state that cultural preferences are decisive factors in color psychology.
B．To show different cultures have different preferences for different colors.
C．To prove white and black represent complete different things in different countries.
D．To remind we should take culture into account when learning the science of color.
61．We can conclude from the passage that _______.
A．color psychology is influencing our emotions and decisions
B．color psychology may help us make correct decisions in life
C．color psychology is an uncultivated field in modern science
D．color psychology has been recognized throughout the world
62．What would be the proper title for the passage?
A．The positives and negatives of color psychology.
B．The foundation and function of color psychology.
C．The potential effects of color on our lives
D．The relationship between color and man Section
C
Everything we know suggests that the universe is unusual. It is flatter, smoother, larger and emptier than a “typical” universe predicted by the known laws of physics. If we reached into a hat filled with pieces of paper, each with the specifications of a possible universe written on it, it is unlikely that we would get a universe anything like ours in one pick—or even a billion.
The challenge that cosmologists face is to make sense of this specialness. One approach to this question is inflation—the hypothesis (假设) that the early universe went through a stage of fast expansion. At first, inflation seemed to do the trick. A simple version of the idea gave correct predictions for the spectrum of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background.
But a closer look shows that we have just moved the problem further back in time. To make inflation happen at all requires us to fine-tune the initial conditions of the universe. And unless inflation is highly tuned, it leads to a runaway process of universe creation. As a result, some cosmologists (宇宙学家) suggest that there is not one universe, but an infinite number, with a huge variety of properties: the multiverse. There are an infinite number of universes in the collection that are like our universe and an infinite number that are not. But the proportion of infinity to infinity is undefined, and can be made into anything the theorist wants. Thus the multiverse theory has difficulty making any firm predictions and threatens to take us out of the area of science.
These other universes are unobservable and because chance dictates the random distribution of properties across universes, suggesting the existence of a multiverse does not let us get to anything about our universe beyond what we already know. As attractive as the idea may seem, it is basically a sleight of hand, which turns an explanatory failure into an apparent explanatory success. The success is empty because anything that might be observed about our universe could be explained as something that must, by chance, happen somewhere in the multiverse.
We started out trying to explain why the universe is so special, and we end up being asked to believe that our universe is one of an infinite number of universes with random properties. This makes me suspect that there is a basic but unexamined assumption about the laws of nature that must be overturned.
Cosmology has new questions to answer. Not just what are the laws, but why are these laws the laws? How were they chosen? We can’t just hypothesize what the initial conditions were at the big bang, we need to explain those initial conditions. Thus we are in the position of a computer program asked to explain its inputs. It is clear that if we are to get anywhere, we need to invent new methods, and perhaps new kinds of laws, to gain a scientific description of the universe as a whole.
63．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of our universe?
A．There are several hypotheses about its early stage.
B．There are more than one billion universes similar to ours.
C．It is expanding at a greater speed that it did at the stage of the big bang.
D．It is different from the predictions made according to the laws of physics.
64．What does the writer imply about the hypothesis of inflation?
A．It hasn’t been challenged. B．It doesn’t make much sense.
C．It is by far the most reasonable approach. D．It is the simple version of a complicated idea.
65．Which word in the passage is similar in meaning to the phrase “sleight of hand” (paragraph 4)?
A．process B．prediction C．trick D．infinity
66．It can be inferred from the passage that the writer________.
A．believes the idea of the multiverse will help us to understand our universe better
B．argues there is a fixed proportion of universes like ours to those unlike ours
C．holds computer programs can work better than humans in cosmology
D．thinks some laws of nature that we take for granted may be false
Section C(共 4 题，每小题 2 分，满分 8 分)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Robots used to be found only in science fiction. In the 1960s, the animated space-age family the Jetsons had a robotic maid who could do household chores. In the 2014 movie Big Hero 6, the robot Baymax could diagnose and heal illnesses instantly. In real life robots function in many manufacturing and household situations. (Think workers in the automobile industry, robot toy pets and vacuum cleaners.) In the filed of medicine, robot patients help train doctors and nurses by pretending they have a variety of health conditions. _____67_____
The global pandemic and resulting economic crisis have created a lack of restaurant workers. Since restaurants don’t have enough workers, the remaining staff must work harder. Regardless, customers face longer wait times, fewer menu choices and higher prices. _____68_____ These robots are not exactly modeled after Rosey, the Jetsons’ robotic household servant, but they are pretty clever (and very cute).
_____69_____ Many have a design that looks like a rolling cart. One model named Bella even has a cute cat-like face. Many are fairly short and shaped like R2D2 of Star Wars fame. They are designed to deliver dishes to regular customers in a restaurant. They are also just the right height for customers to easily reach them. Restaurant owners are finding server robots ideal for performing repetitive tasks, however many there are. They can not only deliver delicious food to performing repetitive tasks, however many there are. They can not only deliver delicious food to hungry customers. but also get back dirty dishes at the end of the meal.
_____70_____ Concerning the price. a server robot costs from a few thousand to several thousand dollars. And in 2021, a restaurant even rented one for as low as USS15 per day. Regarding safety, special sensors on the robots keep them from crashing into customers. Because there aren’t enough restaurant workers. filling positions with these robotic servers is a no-brainer. Don’t be surprised if you see one rolling up to your table soon.
A．Robots are playing an important role in almost everywhere nowadays.
B．Some founders are lending a hand-a robotic hand-in the form of server robots.
C．Perhaps you’re wondering about issues such as the cost and safety factors.
D．Workers are afraid of being replaced by robots in the future.
E．Now robots are finding a home in the food service industry.
F．Server robots come in several different varieties
IV Summary Writing(满分 10 分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
IKEA, known around the world as a supplier of furniture and other home goods, is taking steps to protect the environment. By 2030 IKEA plans to be a circular business, one whose products can all be reused or recycled rather than thrown away. To achieve this goal, the company is redesigning all of its products. How can it design products that will last longer and be easier to fix and that people can recycle when they are finished with them? By answering these questions, IKEA hopes to improve the sustainability of its business model.
IKEA wants people to be able to repair its products rather than throw them away when something goes wrong. To accomplish that goal, the company is standardizing the parts, materials and colors that it uses. This means that if a part needs to be replaced, it will be easy to find. In the past IKEA has only offered spare parts for some products; now it is greatly expanding the number of spare parts customers can purchase. This makes it feasible for customers to repair their own furniture. IKEA is also redesigning the parts of its products that are most likely to wear out quickly.
To extend the life of its products, IKEA is trying to make their maintenance easier. It is also making its products easier to take apart and transport, so the furniture is less likely to break when being moved or changing hands.
Sometimes people replace their furniture not because there is something wrong with it, but because their needs have changed. So IKEA is also trying to help people keep furniture for a longer time by making it easy to modify. Some pieces can be expanded or reduced in size as family members and guests come and go. Others have covers that can be exchanged for different look.
But even with all these efforts, it is likely that certain products will eventually no longer be usable. At that point they can be remanufactured — the pieces reassembled (重新组装) into something new-or recycled. And IKEA is designing products to make these processes easier. The company is also working to reduce waste in other areas, such as packaging and food waste from restaurants inside its stores.
These efforts to reduce the number of IKEA products that are abandoned and thrown in landfills will help create a more environmentally friendly economy.
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V Translation (共 4 题，共15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72． 环境污染不仅会使许多动物濒临灭绝，还会使人类放弃原有的生活模式。（Not only）
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73． 有了这些高科技的休息舱，各国记者们才有机会在工作间隙打个盹, 休息舱里的智能床，可以用遥控器或手机调整高度。(cabin)
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74． 各类电子产品方便了人们的工作生活，然而如何处理废旧电子产品却成为一大难题。(though)
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75． 儒教在中国历代盛行数千年,虽地位不如昔日举足轻重,但仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙。(as … as)
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VI Guided Writing(满分25分)
76． Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
目前,网络语言（Internet Slang）在青少年中极为盛行，你校学生会在同学中就对网络语言的看法进行了调查，调查结果见下面饼状图（pie chart）。请根据图中信息，用英语写一篇短文，介绍同学们的看法，并表达你自己的观点。

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