2023北京市门头沟区高三英语一模试题及答案

这是一份2023北京市门头沟区高三英语一模试题及答案，共18页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023北京市门头沟区高三一模英 语 试 题第一部分: 知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节 完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Family is the warmest place where members always help each other, especially in the most difficult times.My husband and 1 went through tough times many years ago. However, we didn't mention the difficulties to our children. The only thing they knew clearly was that we had to 1_____ many things. But we didn't want to 2_____ them with a problem about which they could do nothing.Our situation wasn't improving, and we knew that we would have to look for outside help. Just as we reached the point of 3_____, our community gave us an envelope that had been left in the committee's offering box. The committee said, "In our community, there has been a way of assisting those who have financial difficulties. In order not to make the receivers feel ashamed, money is secretly dropped into an offering box with only the 4_____ name on each envelope. Then the envelopes are 5_____ to those members without them knowing the givers' names.”You could imagine how overjoyed we were to receive it, which was enough to bring us through the desperate time. we couldn't help but 6_____ who had given such a generous gift. We were enormously grateful.Later, our son applied for a student loan so that he could attend university. It was then that we 7_____ his saving account was almost empty. we'd trusted him to put the wages from his part-time job into the bank. We were so 8_____ that I asked him repeatedly to find out where the money had gone. He just stood there with firm eyes but said nothing.Finally, with great 9_____, my son eventually admitted that the year before he had put his savings in the offering box for us. I stood there speechless, tears filling my eyes. He had spent several years saving that money and had given it to us 10_____ without telling us what he had done. 1. A. make up for  B. come up with  C. cut back on  D. look forward to2. A. bother   B. harm    C. encourage   D. support3. A. anger   B. desperation  C. hope    D. relief4. A. receiver's  B. giver's    C. organizer's   D. partner's5. A. related   B. contributed  C. distributed   D. devoted6. A. recall   B. infer    C. imagine   D. wonder7. A. discovered  B. thought   C. ensured   D. admitted8. A. pessimistic  B. disappointed  C. frightened   D. guilty9. A. interaction  B. explanation  C. expectation  D. hesitation10. A. obviously  B. willingly   C. gradually   D. accidentally第二节 语法填空（共10小题:每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AStanding on the shore of a lake, I couldn't help admiring the hundreds of small rock that 11_____(surround) my shoes. All created from hard surfaces, the rocks softened over time. And I was wondering 12_____ we could learn from a pile of rocks. Once was a sharp rock that was covered with pointy edges, and now I have found my attitude have softened and my desire to understand others 13_____(expand) with time.BOil dominates every aspect 14_____ our life. It fuels our cars, and it is used in the production of our plastic goods and the electricity for our homes and factories. Moreover, it can even. 15_____(find) in the fertilizer for the soil in which our food grows, oil makes nations 16_____(extreme) wealthy, while shortages of oil can bring economies to their knees. In short, this black and sticky substance has been running 17_____(we) world.When we go outdoors in winter, cold wind gets through our clothes, 18_____(hit) our body parts fiercely. Then we may feel cold. How do we feel cold? Actually human skin is filled with temperature-sensing nerve receptors named TRPs, which receive stimuli(刺激) from the environment. 19_____(sense) the cold, the brain uses one of the receptors called TRPM8. When the TRPM8 is hit by stimuli, it will send an electric signal to the brain, 20_____ understands the signal as cold".第二部分: 阅读理解（共两节，38分)第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATours come in many creative forms，such as guided walking tours，self-guided walking tours, coastal walks and bush walks.Guided Walking ToursGuided walking tours are an informative and fun way to deeply understand the area about a city's history and the people there. You can take this kind of tour anytime and anywhere. Guided walking tours come with a guide with the knowledge and history of the area and they can help you with a lot of the history that happened in the area. Guided walking tours are better at showing sites in-depth.Self-Guided Walking ToursSelf-guided tours are good if you wish to do things at your own pace. With self-guided tours, you usually have a brochure on the area that you follow and it will tell you about local people's favorite landmarks. Self-guided tours are suitable for individuals or close friends. You can take them in any season you like.Coastal Walking ToursCoastal walks are ideal for those who enjoy breathtaking views. Coastal walks will often take you inland for part of your journey, only to rejoin the coastline at some other spectacular views mother nature has provided. Coastal walks are for all year round. I have done some great walks in winter and seen mother nature at her best, and the best part about doing tours during winter is that there are not very many people that will almost have the tour to themselves.Bush Walking ToursBush walks, according to research, can help reduce depression and raise self-esteem. Bush walks can be a family activity with your dog throughout the year. Some bush walks may take more than one day. Whenever you want to take a bush walk, you should keep in mind that all bush walks should be researched thoroughly as you may need special equipment like waterproof trousers. At the very least you should let your family or friends: know where you are going. This is useful if you get lost.Hope you can find the most suitable tour for yourself.21.What can we learn about guided walking tours from the passage?A. It can be a family activity that may include pets.B. You can have a further understanding of the area.C. You can enjoy breathtaking views during the tour.D. You can know the landmarks with the help of local people.22. Which of these tours should you tell your family or friends in advance?A. Bush walking tours.B. Guided walking tours.C. Coastal walking tours.D. Self-guided walking tours.23. What do these tours have in common?A. You can participate anytime of the year.B. You should buy special equipment in advance.C. You will take part in both inland and coastline journeys.D. You need a brochure to introduce the tours' special features.BIt was rush hour on the morning of June 1.Heather Santcllano,36, was driving her car on Houston Harte Frontage Road with her nine-year-old daughter and ten-year-old son in the back. Suddenly, a red pickup truck cut them off. Santellano turned the wheel hard to the right, sending the car running off the road and down an embankment(路堤) that ended in a drop-off after about 50 feet. If the car didn't stop, it would go up into the air and slide onto the road some 20 feet below. Then came a bit of luck. As the car raced towards the edge, its undercarriage got stuck on the embankment，stopping it cold. The occupants, however, were far from safe. The car had come to rest on top of a retaining wall, literally teetering on the edge of disaster. One sudden move by anyone inside could send it over.Jacob Rodriguez, a veteran, watched the scene unfold from the company where he works. Then, he and four other men ran to the car. They leaped onto the trunk to balance the weight as the terrified kids in the back seat watched.Meanwhile, Julio Vasquez and his nephew, Marco Vasquez, were driving to their jobs at nearby Premier Automotive. Julio jumped out of the car to help while Marco went to the shop, grabbed a heavy-duty strap and returned to the dangling car. He tied the car to an F-350 truck that had been driven over by one of the other rescuers. With the car secured the group carefully opened the back doors and helped the children out.But their departure shifted the car's weight, causing it to lean forward. The men, stion the trunk, implored Santellano to jump into the back seat to rebalance the weight. So did and then inched out from the back door. Finally, the men carefully got off the trump. Everyone was safe. “Another foot," Rodriguez told the media，"and this would be different story."24. What happened to Santellano's car after a red pickup truck cut it off?A. It ran into the truck and was holed.B. It rushed to the roadside and was broken.C. It went into the air and fell sharply onto the road.D. It slipped off the road and down an embankment.25. Why did the car lean forward?A. Because everyone got off the car.B. Because Santellano jumped into the back seat.C. Because the helpers ran to the car and leaped onto the trunk.D. Because the weight of the car was unbalanced when the children left.26. According to the passage, which words can best describe Jacob and his partners?A. Generous and outgoing.B. Friendly and humble.C. Helpful and professional. D. Ambitious and optimistic.CThe hydrogen-powered drone (无人机), called "Qingting" in Chinese pronounced the same as the Chinese word "dragonfly", has completed the automatic inspection of the 500kilovolt of Wangnan Line.It is the first time that a fuel-cell drone powered by hydrogen has been used in the national electrical power system to carry out inspection programs, meaning that hydrogen energy equipment has been firstly applied into the inspection of power grid (网).The inspection drone traditionally is powered by lithium batteries which can last 20-30 minutes on average. There exists a certain threat to inspection safety if the drone falls out of control due to its use of large-capacity lithium battery pack, which easily leads to burn and explode. Thus, the current urgent need of inspection work for power grid requires a new kind of drone with long battery life，continuous inspection, and high security.It is introduced that, this year State Grid Wenzhou Power Supply Company, together with Jinling Carbon Energy Digital Intelligence Technology Laboratory，finally successfully invented the first hydrogen-powered drone after half a year's exploration and perseverance. As an electric drone taking hydrogen fuel cell to generate the power and hydrogen，hydrogen does not burn in the fuel cell during the operation of "Qingting".Instead, it can be transformed directly into electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen through the action of platinum-carbon catalyst in a clean and carbon-free way, and the only product is water.It is learned that it offers power autonomy of 2 hours, about four times that of the lithium battery drone. The life of hydrogen fuel cell is more than 2000 hours, about 20times that of the lithium battery. The battery of hydrogen fuel cell contains no heavy metal pollutants，whose materials can be recycled after destruction. It is tested that the “Qingting" drone fails to burn or explode when it falls out of control, which performs better in safety.The success of the initial inspection of the "Qingting" drone has filled the gap of the application of hydrogen fuel in the electric power drone. Next, the company will expand the multi-directional application of hydrogen drones in inspection for power grid by carrying different functional equipment to make break throughs in the technical barriers. Moreover, under the national policy of actively promoting the application of clean energy, accelerating the development of hydrogen fuel cells in the field of unmanned aviation vehicles (UAVs) is of significance.27. What can we learn about the traditional drone?A. It is powered by hydrogen.B. It can work for a long time.C. It may burn if failing to control.D. It can ensure the safety of power grid.28. What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?A. How "Qingting" works.B. Why "Qingting" is safe.C. What advantages "Qingting" has.D. What effects "Qingting" has on the environment.29. Which statement about hydrogen-powered drone is NOT correct?A. The battery it uses is recyclable.B. It has been used to examine power grid.C. It can change hydrogen directly into electricity.D. It can prevent the hydrogen battery from explosion.30. What can we infer from the passage?A. Hydrogen fuel has been applied into other fields.B. Hydrogen fuel has a bright future in many fields.C. Hydrogen drone is widely used in the field of UAVs. D. Hydrogen drone has taken along limited functional equipment. DMany industries are facing a shortage of labor. Warehousing has grown rapidly. And robots are now indispensable, picking items off shelves and helping people pack an exponentially rising numbers of boxes. They are even beginning to walk slowly along some pavements, delivering goods or food right to people's doors. Having more robots to boost productivity would be a good thing.And yet many people fear that robots will destroy jobs. A paper in 2013 by economists at Oxford University was widely misinterpreted as meaning that 47% of American jobs were at risk of being automated.In fact，concerns about mass unemployment because of robots are overblown. The evidence suggests robots will be ultimately beneficial for labor markets. A Yale University study found that an increase of one robot unit per 1,000 workers boosted a company's employment in Japan. Research from the Bank of Korea found that robotization moved jobs away from manufacturing into other sectors, but that there was no decrease in overall vacancies (空缺).Another study, by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and colleagues elsewhere, looked at Finnish firms and concluded that their use of advanced technologies led to increases in hiring.For all that, the march of the robots will bring big changes to workplaces. The skills and firms that are rewarded will shift, too. But that need not be the disaster many fear. One supposed example of “bad automation" is self-service checkouts in supermarkets because they displace human workers. Checkout staff who retrain to help customers pick items from aisles may well find that dealing with people in need is more rewarding than spending all day scanning barcodes.Certainly, some people will be on the losing end of change even as the robots make society as a whole better off. One lesson from the freewheeling globalization of the 1990sand 2000s is that the growth in trade that was overwhelmingly beneficial triggered apolitical backlash(强烈抵制) because the losers felt left behind. That is one more reason why firms and governments would do well to recognize the value of retraining and lifelong learning. As jobs change，workers should be helped to acquire new skills, including how to work with and manage the robots that will increasingly be their colleagues.The potential gains from the robot revolution have just started. It won't be the plot in some films where the robots fight against their human masters and cause mass unemployment.31. What docs the underlined word "indispensable" mean in Paragraph 1?A. Essential.B. Spare.C. Detective.D. Complicated.32. Why does the author mention the example of "bad automation" in Paragraph 4?A. To prove that robots will not be a disaster.B. To remind us of the big changes at workplaces.C. To illustrate checkout staff will scan barcodes slowly.D. To tell firms the value of retraining and lifelong learning.33. According to the author, what will happen because of robotization?A. It will push losers to leave behind.B. Robots may lead to mass unemployment.C. People will help robots to gain new skills.D. Robots and people may become co-workers.34. The author may agree that _______.A. jobs will be at risk due to robotsB. no evidence shows that robots will destroy jobsC. robotization will quickly boost mass employmentD. people have benefited a lot from the robot revolution第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Walking has been considered as one of the best possible exercises. For many people. daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits. 35_____ A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.36_____ You've probably heard the phrase "exercise your creativity", which refer to the brain as muscle. Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement, which is exactly why walking--with your dog, a friend, or alone---feeds creative thinking.But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone, which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities. You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood. 37_____ Even when you walk down a busy street, you can't help but get distracted by the sweet smells from a food cart or the child pointing to a building you hadn't even noticed before.Our brains work harder to process in different environments. Therefore，walking outside cultivates our ability to collect new ideas and take in new sights, sounds, smells, and flavors. Shinrin-yoku, a common form of relaxation in Japan, suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees can lower your stress levels. 38_____ Research has shown that immersion in nature and the disconnection from multimedia increased performance on a creative problem-solving task in a group of hikers.So instead of setting a fitness goal, why not set a creativity goal that just starts with walking outdoors? 39_____ For example, you can turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, and to notice the way people move and the way the sun reflects in a lake. Walk not just for exercise. Walk for wonder. A. In fact, you often fail to do it by yourself.B. Engage more closely with your surroundings.C. Without enough energy, you cannot wonder or create.D. The physical movement during walking is obviously key.E. You can walk through a park and observe people relaxing or birds singing.F. But you don't have to live near a forest to receive the psychological benefits.G. However, this habit isn't just a healthy habit but a necessary element of creativity.第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分)第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Last year, I baked biscuits for complete strangers to say "thank you". I'd had to call999 because I found my husband unconscious on the floor. Within minutes, a police car arrived and soon my husband received medical care in hospital.A week later, when I dropped off still-warm biscuits and presented a thank-you note at the police station, the policemen thanked me for delivering gifts.l drove away feeling light and happy. Later, I realized that my natural high might have been more than it seemed. Research has shown that sharing gratitude has positive effects on health People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lower their blood pressure and get better sleep.What about people who receive gratitude? Research has confirmed that when people receive thanks，they experience positive emotions. “Those are happy surprises,” says Jo-Ann Tsang, a professor of psychology. When someone is thanked, he's more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on, and his chances of being helpful again doubles, probably because he enjoys feeling socially valued.The give-and-take of gratitude also deepens relationships. Studies show that when your loved ones regularly express gratitude，making you feel appreciated, you're more likely to return appreciative feelings，which leads to more satisfactory in your relationships.Nowadays, however, many people don't express gratitude. Our modern lifestyle maybe to blame. With commercial and social media，everything is speeding the younger generation to feel they're the center of the world. If it's all about them, why thank others?Why not thank others? Just take a look at how many positive effects can saying “thank you" have on personal health-—and the well-being of others.If you aren't particularly grateful, I strongly suggest you learn to be. People who are instructed to keep gratitude journals, in which they write down positive things that happen to them, cultivate gratitude over time.40. What health benefits can people gain from expressing gratitude?41. How do people probably respond when they receive gratitude and feel socially valued?42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false，then underline it and explain why.Saying “thank-you" improves relationships, but nowadays some young people don't want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.43. If possible，who would you like to express gratitude to most? Why? (In about 40 words)第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校将组织参观中国载人航天工程成就展，你班的英国交换生Jim对中国航天兴趣浓厚，请你写一封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括:1.活动目的及时间安排:2．活动内容;3．询问对方意向。注意:1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇:中国载人航天工程成就展exhibition of achievements in China's manned spaceflight programDear Jim, Yours,Li Hua
参考答案第一部分:知识运用（共两节，30分)第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)1.C  2.A  3.B  4. A  5.C  6.D  7.A  8.B  9.D  10.B第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)11. surrounded12. what13. has expanded14. of/in15. be found16. extremely17. our18. hitting19. To sense20. which第二部分:阅读理解（共两节，40分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)21． B22. A 23.A  24.D  25.D  26.C  27.C  28.C               29.D                            30．B31.A  32. A 33.D  34.B第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)35.G  36.D  37.E  38.F  39.B第三部分:书面表达（共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题; 第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)40. People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lower their blood pressure, and get better sleep.41. They are more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on, and their chances of being helpful again double.42. Saying “thank-you” improves relationships, but nowadays some young people don't want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.Everything is making some people feel they're the center of the world.43．略