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2023届山西省运城市高三第二次模拟调研测试英语试题（含答案）
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这是一份2023届山西省运城市高三第二次模拟调研测试英语试题（含答案），共26页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，告知信/通知，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届山西省运城市高三第二次模拟调研测试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
NPR’s Student Podcast (播客) Challenge is back — for a fifth year! This year’s competition will open for entries on January 6, 2023 and close on April 28.
As in past years, our judges will choose winners in two categories: grades five through eight and grades nine through twelve. Entries must be submitted by an educator or a student leader who’s 18 years old or older. Another important rule is that the maximum length of your podcast is within eight minutes, and longer entries will be disqualified.
Our judges will use the following criteria to narrow down and choose the winners:
Information and structure, 40 percent
Does the podcast tell a good story or teach us something new and important? Is it structured in a way that keeps listeners engaged? Can we easily follow the story you’re telling or the information you’re explaining? Have you spent time cutting out unnecessary information to make sure the main ideas come through clearly?
Personality and creativity, 40 percent
Does it have personality, or does it sound like you’re reading from a script (脚本)? Does it make us laugh or cry or leave us deep in thought?
Production, 20 percent
We’re not judging you on how fancy your equipment is and we don’t expect you to be an expert on recording and editing sound, but we hope you’ll try.
Some podcasts may use a narration (讲述) format. Others may be more of an interview format. If you use sound apart from interviews and narration, make sure it is clear and smooth.
1．What is the deadline for handing in your podcast?
A．January 6. B．February 18. C．March 26. D．April 28.
2．Who are qualified to submit the podcast to the competition?
A．All monitors. B．Any student. C．Teachers. D．Parents.
3．What is a requirement for the entries?
A．They should be more than eight minutes. B．They must be well structured and edited.
C．They have to adopt an interview format. D．They must be produced with special sound effects.
On February 20, the science fiction magazine Clarkesworld was forced to stop accepting any new articles from writers after it was flooded with AI-written stories.
“By the time we closed on the 20th, we had received 500 human-written stories and 700 AI-written ones,” said editor-in-chief Neil Clarke. “It was increasing at such a speed that we figured that by the end of the month, we would have doubled the number of articles we normally have. The rate had been growing from previous months, and we were concerned that we had to do something to stop it.”
Worries about AI misuse have frequently appeared in headlines recently, particularly since the launch of ChatGPT in November, 2022, which can not only answer a broad range of questions, but also create original poems and stories.
Clarke said magazines like his, which pay contributors for their work, were being targeted by people trying to make quick money. He said he had already spoken to editors of other magazines and that all of them had agreed to stop accepting AI-written articles. He also admitted that the humor of his sci-fi magazine being targeted by AI robots is not lost on him.
“You know, our mascot (吉祥物) is a robot. So we see the irony,” he said. “But the thing is that science fiction is often intended to give a warning to people. We don’t celebrate technology just because it exists. We want to make sure that we’re using it right. And there are some significant legal and moral issues around this technology that we’re not ready to accept.
Clarke said the magazine didn’t know how to deal with the issue, and part of the motivation to speak out was in the hope of finding some solutions. He also said the quality of the AI-written stories was very poor.
4．What’s the matter with the magazine Clarkesworld?
A．It will close down forever. B．It was targeted by AI writers.
C．It stopped paying contributors. D．It has lost many good authors.
5．What can we infer about other magazines’ attitude to the AI-written stories?
A．Disapproving. B．Favorable. C．Unknown. D．Tolerant.
6．What does Neil Clarke say about science fiction?
A．It often intends to find some solutions.
B．It welcomes the existing new technologies.
C．It will accept AI-written stories in the near future.
D．It often tries to warn the dark side of technologies.
7．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A notice. B．A science fiction. C．A news report. D．A book review.
The new Webb telescope has discovered what appear to be galaxies (星系) that date back to within 600 million years of the Big Bang. The six newly discovered objects suggest that the early universe may have been developing unexpectedly fast to produce these huge galaxies.
While the new telescope has spotted even older galaxies, dating to within 300 million years of the beginning of the universe, it’s the size of these six galaxies that shock the researchers.
“Most galaxies in this era are still small and only gradually growing larger over time,” lead researcher Ivo Labbe of Australia’s Swinburne University of Technology said. “But these six galaxies are fast-tracking to maturity. Why this is the case or how this works is unknown.”
According to the report, which was published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, each of the six objects weighs billions of times more than our sun. In one of them, the total weight of all its stars may be as much as 100 billion times greater than our sun.
The Pennsylvania State University’s Joel Leja, who also took part in the study, said, “What we found is so unexpected that it actually creates problems for science and it might call the whole picture of early galaxy formation into question.”
These galaxy observations were among the first set of data from the $10 billion Webb telescope, which was just launched over a year ago. Unlike Hubble, the bigger and more powerful Webb can see through clouds of dust with its infrared (红外的) vision and discover galaxies previously undetected. Scientists hope to eventually observe the first stars and galaxies formed following the creation of the universe 13.8 billion years ago.
The researchers are still waiting for official confirmation. “It’s possible that a few of the objects might not be galaxies, but black holes. One early lesson from Webb is to let go of our expectations and be ready to be surprised,” Labbe said. “Next year it will tell us.”
8．What is special about the six newly detected objects?
A．Their age. B．Their color. C．Their size. D．Their shape.
9．What do the underlined words “fast-tracking to maturity” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Turning quickly. B．Circling smoothly. C．Travelling fast. D．Growing rapidly.
10．What can we learn about the two telescopes?
A．Hubble can see further than Webb. B．Webb is more powerful than Hubble.
C．Webb is much cheaper than Hubble. D．Hubble is relatively bigger than Webb.
11．What does Ivo Labbe mean in the last paragraph?
A．The data might not be complete. B．The researchers will be disappointed.
C．He does not agree with Joel Leja. D．The new Webb telescope is unreliable.
During the industrial age, when high school was key to the American dream, public-school systems covered the costs of earning a diploma. Today, however, ns college degrees have replaced high-school diplomas as the ticket into the middle class, families are forced to cover the costs of higher education and more. If the information-age economy demands a workforce with higher education, the US government needs to make the same deal with students and their families: Anyone willing to work hard and earn the degree should be able to attend college—for free.
With that basic bargain in mind, Michigan has lately joined Oregon, Rhode Island and Tennessee in experimenting with ways to make community college free. Under the terms of the Chicago Star Scholarship, a program that has already enrolled more than 6,000 students, if a student at a public high school in Michigan maintains a B average, the state will provide a free degree at a local community college. Then, through another program Chicago Star Plus, students who have scored 3.0 GPA are qualified to receive a tuition discount at 18 of the four-year colleges located in Michigan.
Chicago Star Scholarship and Chicago Star Plus are already changing young lives. Its high-school graduation rate grew from 56.9 percent in 2011 to 78.2 percent in 2022. And Chicago Star Plus’ college attending rate is 86 percent, well above the national average of 62.7 percent.
More than a century ago, America achieved an explosion of social mobility by creating a supportive public school system that runs to 12th grade. By adding community colleges to the nation’s public-school systems and educational requirements, we can strengthen the belief in the American dream again.
12．What does the author suggest the US government do today?
A．Cancel all college students’ debts.
B．Reduce the costs for the middle class.
C．Provide free higher education for qualified students.
D．Help poor families to cover the fees of higher education.
13．Who can receive the Chicago Star Scholarship?
A．Any student who has achieved 3.0 GPA．
B．All public high school students in Michigan.
C．All students admitted into the 18 four-year colleges.
D．Any Michigan public high schooler who maintains a B average.
14．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The significance of the programs in Michigan. B．The high dropout rate in the US colleges.
C．The potential costs of Chicago Star Plus. D．The popularization of higher education in the US.
15．How is the text mainly developed?
A．By analyzing data. B．By listing examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By conducting surveys.
二、七选五
According to Jaime Roberts, good consulting is often about loosening the body, opening the mind and, more often than not, keeping the mouth shut.
Your body language matters
Jaime Roberts has been one of my go to experts for advice for decades. When I once asked her why she was so good at consulting, she was quick to mention her body language. “____16____,” she said, “Otherwise, they might not open up to me as much as I would want them to.”
You don’t have to fix the problem
That’s another thing Jaime Roberts has learned on the job, “People who ask ‘What should I do?’ often want to process a problem themselves. ____17____,” she said. “Part of the trick is remembering that listening is the best thing you have to do, in most cases.”
You don’t need to give advice right now
Texts and FaceTime might be immediate, but your advice doesn’t have to be. ____18____. “Forcing yourself to give advice when you can’t will do more harm than good,” she said.
____19____
You’re bound to hear about problems you haven’t experienced firsthand. That’s why Jaime Roberts says you should let them know that you’re just human beings with limited experience. ____20____.
A．Don’t say their choices are wrong
B．You cannot give advice as giving someone an order
C．I try to appear relaxed and avoid looks of shock or judgment
D．You don’t need to have the same problem to be a good consultant
E．But you should let them know you will do your best to understand them
F．You’re a good consultant if you can help them fix the problem on their own
G．You can politely explain to them that you will talk to them when you’re ready
三、完形填空
Sujata Halarnkar would like to eat fish curry (咖喱) every day. It’s a very ____21____ curry with the basic ingredients (原料), nothing very fancy. However, it’s a recipe passed down from her ____22____ who is still living in Mumbai, India.
Halarnkar now lives in Yuma, Arizona, but she ____23____ in Mumbai, and her grandparents lived in a(n) ____24____ coastal village. Her mother would send her to her grandparents’ home for ____25____. There, her grandma would cook this curry for her.
“They lived in a neighboring village and I went there almost every week. That is one of the ____26____ memories I had about my childhood,” Halarnkar said. “We had a pretty and peaceful beach to ourselves and we would ____27____ fish from the sea every morning.”
____28____ later, fish curry is still the comfort food to Halarnkar, who said her family always cooks it when they ____29____ at weekends in the US.
“We’ll go out to the fish market, buy fresh _____30_____ and make this curry,” she said. “We don’t even worry about vegetables. We just eat some steamed rice and this fish curry.”
Halarnkar has passed on the _____31_____ to her daughter Natasha, who lives in San Diego and shares Halarnkar’s love of cooking. And even though the next _____32_____ has the recipe, Halarnkar said she still _____33_____ the curry her grandma made in India. In fact, she’s looking forward to having it next time she goes to _____34_____ her.
“I’m 100% sure that she is going to make it for me when I _____35_____ there,” Halarnkar said.
21．A．expensive B．extraordinary C．new D．traditional
22．A．grandmother B．husband C．aunt D．neighbor
23．A．passed away B．settled down C．grew up D．cried out
24．A．dangerous B．nearby C．busy D．ugly
25．A．parties B．schools C．weekends D．gifts
26．A．saddest B．hardest C．strangest D．best
27．A．see B．catch C．raise D．save
28．A．Days B．Weeks C．Months D．Decades
29．A．work B．play C．hunt D．gather
30．A．chicken B．fish C．meat D．milk
31．A．recipe B．talent C．house D．thought
32．A．store B．village C．generation D．guest
33．A．avoids B．invents C．hides D．prefers
34．A．pay B．hug C．visit D．treat
35．A．arrive B．leave C．move D．marry
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has planted millions of trees in its northwest over the past two decades as part of its ____36____ (amaze) fight against the expanding deserts.
The effort has paid off. Around 2000, deserts across the country were still increasing by 10,400m2 a year. But in 2017, they were decreasing by more than 2,400m2 a year. The ____37____ (achieve) was confirmed by a study from the Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Sciences in Paris.
“In 1999, the Chinese government began planting millions of trees in its Grain for Green Program. It ____38____ (carry) out to repair damaged farmland in northwestern China, ____39____ is roughly the size of France,” says Philippe Ciais, a researcher at the laboratory. “I was there a few months ago, and it is indeed surprising that once bare landscapes are now almost fully covered by plants.”
“The growth of forests is significant ____40____ necessary progress in the fight against desertification,” says Jianping Huang, a researcher at Lanzhou University. “But it’s still too early to determine whether it has solved the problem. Researchers have found that many of the plant species ____41____ (introduce) to the region use more water ____42____ native vegetation. It could lead to water shortages for humans.”
The national forestry department has recognized the error. In recent years, it has worked more closely with researchers and communities to find ways to plant less ____43____ (thirst) plants that have economic value.
“All ____44____ (program) need to take into account local conditions,” the forestry department said in March “____45____ (we) efforts should go towards keeping vegetation sustainable, rather than simply planting more trees.”
五、告知信/通知
46．假定你是李华。你的外国笔友Tom对你班开展的课外活动（extracurricular activities）非常感兴趣，希望你介绍这方面的有关情况。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1. 课外活动介绍；
2. 你最喜欢的活动；
3. 喜欢的原因。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After filling out sixty applications, going through three interviews, and winning just one offer, I took what I could get: to teach in a remote area in western New Jersey. I kept reminding myself that I could do what I had always dreamed of doing since I was fourteen: teaching English.
At the school, I worked very hard, only taking time off to eat and sleep. I got along very well with my students who were only seven or eight years younger than me.
But I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love for the written words, while the students preferred to throw paper planes and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.
In college, I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore students’ bad behavior. So I did, feeling confident that, as the textbooks had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounded reasonable, but the textbooks evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable.
By the time the principal, who was always ready to fire bad teachers, came into the classroom to observe my class, the students exhibited very little good behavior. After he settled down in the back of the room, the boys in the class were still making animal noises, hitting each other and the girls filed (修剪) their nails or read magazines.
I just pretended nothing wrong was happening. I went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions. The principal seemed to be growing more and more annoyed. After twenty minutes, he left, silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes. I only felt mildly comforted that I powered through the rest of the class without crying.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After class, I was asked to see him.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I made up my mind to make a change.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了NPR学生播客大赛的参赛要求。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This year’s competition will open for entries on January 6, 2023 and close on April 28.(今年的比赛将于2023年1月6日开始报名，4月28日结束)”可知，截止日期是4月28日。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Entries must be submitted by an educator or a student leader who’s 18 years old or older.(参赛作品必须由18岁或以上的教育工作者或学生干部提交)”可知，C项“教师”符合要求。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据Information and structure, 40 percent一节中“Is it structured in a way that keeps listeners engaged? Can we easily follow the story you’re telling or the information you’re explaining? Have you spent time cutting out unnecessary information to make sure the main ideas come through clearly?(它的结构是否能让听众保持参与？我们能轻松地理解你所讲的故事或你所解释的信息吗？你是否花时间删去了不必要的信息，以确保主要思想能够清晰地表达出来？)”及Production, 20 percent一节中“We’re not judging you on how fancy your equipment is and we don’t expect you to be an expert on recording and editing sound, but we hope you’ll try.(我们并不是根据你的设备有多花哨来评判你，我们也不期望你成为录音和编辑声音的专家，但我们希望你能尝试一下)”可知，参赛作品需要结构紧凑，适当编辑。故选B。
4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道介绍了享誉全球的科幻杂志Clarkesworld最近受AI作品的影响，不得不暂停接受新稿件。
4． 细节理解题。第一段提到“On February 20, the science fiction magazine Clarkesworld was forced to stop accepting any new articles from writers after it was flooded with AI-written stories.”（2月20日，科幻杂志《克拉克世界》被迫停止接受任何作家的新文章，因为它被人工智能撰写的故事淹没了。）由此判断，Clarkesworld是被AI写手逼得不得不暂停接受新稿件。故选B。
5．推理判断题。第四段提到“He said he had already spoken to editors of other magazines and that all of them had agreed to stop accepting AI-written articles.”（他说，他已经和其他杂志的编辑谈过，他们都同意停止接受人工智能撰写的文章。）由此判断，其他杂志对AI生成的作品持否定态度。故选A。
6．细节理解题。第五段提到“‘But the thing is that science fiction is often intended to give a warning to people. We don’t celebrate technology just because it exists. We want to make sure that we’re using it right. And there are some significant legal and moral issues around this technology that we’re not ready to accept.’”（但问题是，科幻小说往往是为了给人们一个警告。我们不会因为技术的存在而赞美它。我们要确保我们正确地使用它。关于这项技术，有一些重大的法律和道德问题，我们还没有准备好接受。）由此判断，Neil Clarke认为科幻杂志经常试图警告技术的黑暗面。故选D。
7．推理判断题。第一段提到“On February 20, the science fiction magazine Clarkesworld was forced to stop accepting any new articles from writers after it was flooded with AI-written stories.”（2月20日，科幻杂志《克拉克世界》被迫停止接受任何作家的新文章，因为它被人工智能撰写的故事淹没了。）文章第一段中交代了事情发生的时间，由此判断，这是一篇新闻报道。故选C。
8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了韦伯太空望远镜最近发现的六个疑似星系。
8．细节理解题。第二段提到“While the new telescope has spotted even older galaxies, dating to within 300 million years of the beginning of the universe, it’s the size of these six galaxies that shock the researchers.”（虽然新望远镜发现了更古老的星系，可以追溯到宇宙起源的3亿年内，但这六个星系的大小令研究人员震惊）可知，这六个星系的大小尺寸是其特别之处，因此让研究人员震惊。故选C。
9．词义猜测题。第一段提到“The six newly discovered objects suggest that the early universe may have been developing unexpectedly fast to produce these huge galaxies.”（这六个新发现的天体表明，早期宇宙可能以出人意料的速度发展，产生了这些巨大的星系）及画线词前“Most galaxies in this era are still small and only gradually growing larger over time, ... But...”（这个时代的大多数星系仍然很小，只是随着时间的推移逐渐变大，”澳大利亚斯威本科技大学的首席研究员伊沃·拉贝说。但是......）可推断，fast-tracking to maturity（快速走向成熟）与developing unexpectedly fast（快速发展）及Growing rapidly（迅速生长）所表达的意思相同。故选D。
10．细节理解题。第六段提到“Unlike Hubble, the bigger and more powerful Webb can see through clouds of dust with its infrared (红外的) vision and discover galaxies previously undetected.”（与哈勃望远镜不同的是，韦伯望远镜体积更大、功能更强大，它可以用红外视野穿透尘埃云，发现以前未被探测到的星系）可知，韦伯望远镜比哈勃望远镜更强大。故选B。
11．推理判断题。第五段最后一句提到“What we found is so unexpected that it actually creates problems for science and it might call the whole picture of early galaxy formation into question.”（我们的发现是如此出乎意料，它实际上给科学带来了问题，它可能会让早期星系形成的整个图景受到质疑）第六段提到“These galaxy observations were among the first set of data from...”（这些星系观测是价值100亿美元的韦伯望远镜的首批数据之一，该望远镜于一年多前刚刚发射）及最后一段“‘One early lesson from Webb is to let go of our expectations and be ready to be surprised,’”（韦伯给我们的一个早期教训是，放下我们的期望，准备好接受惊喜）可知，韦伯望远镜观测的结果受到了质疑。由此推知，Ivo Labbe担心第一批数据可能不完整。故选A。
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为在信息时代，国家有义务为国民提供免费的高等教育。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“If the information-age economy demands a workforce with higher education, the US government needs to make the same deal with students and their families: Anyone willing to work hard and earn the degree should be able to attend college—for free.（如果信息时代的经济需要受过高等教育的劳动力，那么美国政府也需要与学生及其家庭达成同样的协议：任何愿意努力学习并获得学位的人都应该能够免费上大学。）”可知，作者建议美国政府今天为合格的学生提供免费高等教育。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Under the terms of the Chicago Star Scholarship... if a student at a public high school in Michigan maintains a B average, the state will provide a free degree at a local community college.（根据芝加哥之星奖学金的条款如果密歇根州公立高中的学生平均成绩保持在B，州政府将在当地社区大学免费提供学位。）”可知，这个奖学金项目惠及的是密歇根州成绩达到B级的高中生。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据主题句“Chicago Star Scholarship and Chicago Star Plus are already changing young lives.（芝加哥明星奖学金和芝加哥明星Plus已经改变了年轻人的生活。）”及细节，可知，第三段主要讲述的是这些项目在密歇根的意义。故选A。
15．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者主要是通过密歇根州的两个奖学金项目所产生的积极成果来支持自己的论点的。故选B。
16．C 17．F 18．G 19．D 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个给建议的技巧：放松、倾听、闭嘴。
16．根据本节的小标题“Your body language matters（肢体语言很重要）”及空后“Otherwise, they might not open up to me as much as I would want them to.（ 否则，他们可能不会像我希望的那样对我敞开心扉。）”，可知，肢体语言很重要。承接小标题和顺承下文，C项I try to appear relaxed and avoid looks of shock or judgment（我尽量放松身体、不露声色，以免让对方感到我在评头品足）切题。故选C。
17．根据空前提示“People who ask ‘What should I do?’ often want to process a problem themselves.（问“我该怎么办?”的人往往想自己处理问题。）”可知，这些人想自己解决问题，F项中的on their own“靠他们自己”与其吻合。承接上文，F项You’re a good consultant if you can help them fix the problem on their own（如果你能帮助他们自己解决问题，你就是一个好顾问）切题。故选F。
18．根据空后提示“Forcing yourself to give advice when you can’t will do more harm than good,（当你不能提出建议时，强迫自己提出建议弊大于利。）”可知，既然强迫自己提建议弊大于利，那就暂时不提建议，向对方说清楚。顺承下文，G项You can politely explain to them that you will talk to them when you’re ready（你可以向对方礼貌地解释等你考虑成熟了再给建议）切题。故选G。
19．根据空后提示“You’re bound to hear about problems you haven’t experienced firsthand.（你一定会听到你没有亲身经历过的问题。）”及下文细节可知，有些问题不一定亲身经历过。顺承下文，D项You don’t need to have the same problem to be a good consultant （亲历相似的问题不是成为合格咨询者的前提条件）切题。故选D。
20．根据空前提示“That’s why Jaime Roberts says you should let them know that you’re just human beings with limited experience.（这就是为什么杰米·罗伯茨说你应该让他们知道你只是一个经验有限的人。）”可知，你要让对方知道你经验有限，同时你也会尽最大努力去理解他们，E项中的But将上下文紧密连接在一起。承接上文，E项But you should let them know you will do your best to understand them（但是，你要让对方知道你会尽力去理解他们）切题。故选E。
21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．D 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Sujata Halarnkar在文中表达了她对外祖母做的鱼咖喱饭的思念之情。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种非常传统的咖喱，只有基本的食材，没有什么特别的。 A. expensive昂贵的；B. extraordinary 非凡的；C. new新的；D. traditional传统的。 根据空后“with the basic ingredients (原料)”及下文细节可知，这种鱼咖喱饭是比较传统的（traditional），里面没啥花哨的食材。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是她仍然住在印度孟买的祖母传下来的食谱。A. grandmother祖母；B. husband丈夫；C. aunt姑姑；D. neighbor邻居。 根据下文“There, her grandma would cook this curry for her.”及“... Halarnkar said she still ___13___ the curry her grandma made in India.”可知，她是从外祖母（grandmother）那里学会做鱼咖喱的。故选A。
23． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：哈拉恩卡现在住在亚利桑那州的尤马，但她在孟买长大，她的祖父母住在附近的一个沿海村庄。A. passed away去世；B. settled down定居；C. grew up成长；D. cried out大声呼喊。 根据空前“Halarnkar now lives in Yuma, Arizona, but...”可知，她是在孟买长大（grew up）的。故选C。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈拉恩卡现在住在亚利桑那州的尤马，但她在孟买长大，她的祖父母住在附近的一个沿海村庄。A. dangerous危险的；B. nearby附近的；C. busy忙碌的；D. ugly丑陋的。根据下文“‘They lived in a neighboring village and I went there almost every week.’”可知，外祖母家很近（nearby）。她几乎每个周末（weekends）都会去那里吃外祖母做的鱼咖喱。故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她妈妈会把她送到祖父母家过周末。A. parties聚会；B. schools学校；C. weekends周末；D. gifts礼物。根据下文“‘They lived in a neighboring village and I went there almost every week.’”可知，外祖母家很近（nearby）。她几乎每个周末（weekends）都会去那里吃外祖母做的鱼咖喱。故选C。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那是我童年最美好的回忆之一。A. saddest最伤心的；B. hardest 最困难的；C. strangest最奇怪的；D. best最好的。根据空后“memories I had about my childhood”可知，这样的儿时记忆当然是最美好的（best）：跟着外祖母在美丽的海滨捕（catch）鱼做咖喱。故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个美丽而宁静的海滩，每天早上我们都会从海里抓鱼。A. see看见；B. catch 抓住；C. raise提高；D. save挽救。根据空后“fish from the sea every morning”可知，跟着外祖母在美丽的海滨捕（catch）鱼做咖喱。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几十年后，咖喱鱼仍然是哈拉恩卡的心头好，她说她的家人在美国周末聚会时总是会做咖喱鱼。A. Days天；B. Weeks周；C. Months月；D. Decades几十年。根据空后“fish curry is still the comfort food to Halarnkar”可知，此处指几十年（Decades）后，鱼咖喱饭还能给身处异国他乡的Halarnkar带来莫大的安慰。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几十年后，咖喱鱼仍然是哈拉恩卡的心头好，她说她的家人在美国周末聚会时总是会做咖喱鱼。 A. work工作；B. play玩；C. hunt打猎；D. gather聚集。根据空后“at weekends in the US”可知，在美国她的家人周末聚会（gather）时，也只买鱼（fish）做咖喱饭吃。故选D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们会去鱼市，买新鲜的鱼，然后做咖喱，A. chicken小鸡；B. fish 鱼；C. meat 肉；D. milk牛奶。根据空前“We’ll go out to the fish market, buy fresh”可知，在美国她的家人周末聚会（gather）时，也只买鱼（fish）做咖喱饭吃。故选B。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈拉恩卡把食谱传给了她的女儿娜塔莎，她住在圣地亚哥，和哈拉恩卡一样热爱烹饪。A. recipe 食谱；B. talent天赋；C. house房子；D. thought思想。根据空后“to her daughter Natasha, who lives in San Diego and shares Halarnkar’s love of cooking.”可知，Halarnkar已经把这个菜谱（recipe）传给了自己的女儿。故选A。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管下一代有了这个食谱，哈拉恩卡说她仍然更喜欢奶奶在印度做的咖喱。A. store商店；B. village村子；C. generation一代；D. guest客人。根据空前后“even though the next 12 has the recipe”可知，此处指晚辈（generation）总做不出外祖母的那个味道来。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管下一代有了这个食谱，哈拉恩卡说她仍然更喜欢奶奶在印度做的咖喱。 A. avoids避免；B. invents发明；C. hides躲藏；D. prefers更喜欢。根据空后“the curry her grandma made in India”可知，Halarnkar还是更喜欢（prefers）外祖母做的咖喱饭。故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，她期待着下次去看她的时候能吃到它。A. pay支付；B. hug拥抱；C. visit参观；D. treat对待。根据空前“she’s looking forward to having it next time she goes to”可知，她正盼望着回印度探（visit）亲。故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我百分之百肯定我到那儿时她会给我做的。A. arrive到达；B. leave离开；C. move移动；D. marry结婚。根据空前后“I’m 100% sure that she is going to make it for me when I 15 there,”可知，此处指，她一到家（arrive），外祖母准会给她做鱼咖喱。故选A。
36．amazing 37．achievement 38．was carried 39．which 40．and 41．introduced 42．than 43．thirsty 44．programs 45．Our
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。十几年前，中国政府在大西北启动了“退耕还林工程”并取得了举世瞩目的成绩。
36．考查形容词。句意：在过去的20年里，中国在西北地区种植了数百万棵树，作为对抗不断扩大的沙漠的惊人斗争的一部分。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作定语，修饰fight，意为“令人惊叹的”，故填amazing。
37．考查名词。句意：巴黎气候与环境科学实验室的一项研究证实了这一成就。根据该空前的定冠词The及空后的was可知，所填词为名词作主语，可使用名词achievement的单数形式。故填achievement。
38．考查动词的时态语态。句意：该实验室的研究员菲利普•恰伊斯(Philippe Ciais)表示：“这项工程是为了修复中国西北部受损的农田，面积大致相当于法国。”根据时间状语In 1999可知，此处用一般过去时，又因为carry out与It（Grain for Green Program）是被动关系，空处应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was carried。
39．考查定语从句。句意：该实验室的研究员菲利普•恰伊斯(Philippe Ciais)表示：“这项工程是为了修复中国西北部受损的农田，面积大致相当于法国。”分析该句结构可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为northwestern China，可使用关系代词which在从句中作主语。故填which。
40．考查连词。句意：兰州大学研究员黄建平说：“森林的生长是防治荒漠化的重要而必要的进步。”根据句意可知，此处表示并列关系，可用并列连词and。故填and。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员发现，许多引入该地区的植物比本地植物消耗更多的水。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作后置定语，修饰species。而且introduce与species之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式，故填introduced。
42．考查介词。句意：研究人员发现，许多引入该地区的植物比本地植物消耗更多的水。根据空前的more water可知，此处用介词than表示比较。故填than。
43．考查形容词。句意：近年来，它与研究人员和社区更密切地合作，寻找种植具有经济价值的不那么渴（需要水）的植物的方法。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作plants的定语，应使用所给名词的形容词形式thirsty。故填thirsty。
44．考查名词复数。句意：所有的项目都需要考虑到当地的情况。program为可数名词，根据空前的定语All及空后的谓语动词need可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式。故填programs。
45．考查代词。句意：我们应该努力保持植被的可持续发展，而不是简单地种植更多的树。分析句子可知，此处可使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词efforts。位于句首时首字母大写。故填Our。
46．Dear Tom,
This year, our class has organized a variety of extracurricular activities, such as planting trees, learning to cook and visiting local museums.
My favorite activity is to visit the museums. Such kinds of trips have not only helped me better understand the history and geography textbooks, but also improved my research skills, since we were always asked to get prepared by searching online or finding useful information in the library before the field trips. I really hope that you can go on a field trip with us in the future.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华。你的外国笔友Tom对你班开展的课外活动（extracurricular activities）非常感兴趣，希望你介绍这方面的有关情况。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：课外活动介绍；你最喜欢的活动；喜欢的原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
当地的：local→native
为……做准备：get prepared → be ready for
寻找：search→look for
有用的：useful→ be of use
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：This year, our class has organized a variety of extracurricular activities, such as planting trees, learning to cook and visiting local museums.
拓展句：This year, our class has organized a variety of extracurricular activities, which include planting trees, learning to cook and visiting local museums.
【点睛】【高分句型1】My favorite activity is to visit the museums.（运用了动词不定式作表语）
【高分句型2】Such kinds of trips have not only helped me better understand the history and geography textbooks, but also improved my research skills, since we were always asked to get prepared by searching online or finding useful information in the library before the field trips.（运用了since引导原因状语从句）
47．After class, I was asked to see him. When I reached his office, I took a deep breath and opened the door. There in the chair sat my boss, with a hardened face. He looked at me for a while, and then handed me an envelope, which definitely added more anxiety to me at that moment. However, my eyes went wide open when I found it was a letter with several suggestions about my teaching, one of which was highlighted in red: An educator should get the students actively engaged.
I made up my mind to make a change. In the next class, when the students seemed to expect another boring English lesson, I cleared my throat and announced, “Boys and girls, let me hear your own voice about my literature lesson.” Suddenly, a complete silence fell over. Flashing a smile, I continued, “Anything you’d like to say!” At this, the class immediately came to life.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者去了偏远的荒野地区——新泽西西部——教英语，在工作中苦苦挣扎，学生们在教室后面扔纸团，说脏话，而作者的领导也特别严格，会开除没有经验的老师。这天，领导来作者的班上听课，学生们没有收敛，课才上到一半领导就离开了。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“下课后，他叫我去见他。”可知，第一段可描写作者去领导办公室的心情，以及发生的事情——领导给建议。
②由第二段首句内容“我下定决心做出改变。”可知，第二段可描写作者下定决心进行改变的过程。
2. 续写线索：去领导办公室——感到焦虑羞愧——领导给出建议——受到鼓舞——做出改变——感悟
3. 词汇激活
动作类
①递给某人某物：hand sb. sth. / pass sth. to sb.
②宣布：announce / declare / annunciate
情绪类
①冷漠的：hardened / indifferent
②活跃地：actively/energetically/zealously
【点睛】[高分句型1] Flashing a smile, I continued, “Anything you’d like to say!” (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] He handed me an envelope, which definitely added more anxiety to me at that moment. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
2023届山西省运城市高三第二次模拟调研测试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
NPR’s Student Podcast (播客) Challenge is back — for a fifth year! This year’s competition will open for entries on January 6, 2023 and close on April 28.
As in past years, our judges will choose winners in two categories: grades five through eight and grades nine through twelve. Entries must be submitted by an educator or a student leader who’s 18 years old or older. Another important rule is that the maximum length of your podcast is within eight minutes, and longer entries will be disqualified.
Our judges will use the following criteria to narrow down and choose the winners:
Information and structure, 40 percent
Does the podcast tell a good story or teach us something new and important? Is it structured in a way that keeps listeners engaged? Can we easily follow the story you’re telling or the information you’re explaining? Have you spent time cutting out unnecessary information to make sure the main ideas come through clearly?
Personality and creativity, 40 percent
Does it have personality, or does it sound like you’re reading from a script (脚本)? Does it make us laugh or cry or leave us deep in thought?
Production, 20 percent
We’re not judging you on how fancy your equipment is and we don’t expect you to be an expert on recording and editing sound, but we hope you’ll try.
Some podcasts may use a narration (讲述) format. Others may be more of an interview format. If you use sound apart from interviews and narration, make sure it is clear and smooth.
1．What is the deadline for handing in your podcast?
A．January 6. B．February 18. C．March 26. D．April 28.
2．Who are qualified to submit the podcast to the competition?
A．All monitors. B．Any student. C．Teachers. D．Parents.
3．What is a requirement for the entries?
A．They should be more than eight minutes. B．They must be well structured and edited.
C．They have to adopt an interview format. D．They must be produced with special sound effects.
On February 20, the science fiction magazine Clarkesworld was forced to stop accepting any new articles from writers after it was flooded with AI-written stories.
“By the time we closed on the 20th, we had received 500 human-written stories and 700 AI-written ones,” said editor-in-chief Neil Clarke. “It was increasing at such a speed that we figured that by the end of the month, we would have doubled the number of articles we normally have. The rate had been growing from previous months, and we were concerned that we had to do something to stop it.”
Worries about AI misuse have frequently appeared in headlines recently, particularly since the launch of ChatGPT in November, 2022, which can not only answer a broad range of questions, but also create original poems and stories.
Clarke said magazines like his, which pay contributors for their work, were being targeted by people trying to make quick money. He said he had already spoken to editors of other magazines and that all of them had agreed to stop accepting AI-written articles. He also admitted that the humor of his sci-fi magazine being targeted by AI robots is not lost on him.
“You know, our mascot (吉祥物) is a robot. So we see the irony,” he said. “But the thing is that science fiction is often intended to give a warning to people. We don’t celebrate technology just because it exists. We want to make sure that we’re using it right. And there are some significant legal and moral issues around this technology that we’re not ready to accept.
Clarke said the magazine didn’t know how to deal with the issue, and part of the motivation to speak out was in the hope of finding some solutions. He also said the quality of the AI-written stories was very poor.
4．What’s the matter with the magazine Clarkesworld?
A．It will close down forever. B．It was targeted by AI writers.
C．It stopped paying contributors. D．It has lost many good authors.
5．What can we infer about other magazines’ attitude to the AI-written stories?
A．Disapproving. B．Favorable. C．Unknown. D．Tolerant.
6．What does Neil Clarke say about science fiction?
A．It often intends to find some solutions.
B．It welcomes the existing new technologies.
C．It will accept AI-written stories in the near future.
D．It often tries to warn the dark side of technologies.
7．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A notice. B．A science fiction. C．A news report. D．A book review.
The new Webb telescope has discovered what appear to be galaxies (星系) that date back to within 600 million years of the Big Bang. The six newly discovered objects suggest that the early universe may have been developing unexpectedly fast to produce these huge galaxies.
While the new telescope has spotted even older galaxies, dating to within 300 million years of the beginning of the universe, it’s the size of these six galaxies that shock the researchers.
“Most galaxies in this era are still small and only gradually growing larger over time,” lead researcher Ivo Labbe of Australia’s Swinburne University of Technology said. “But these six galaxies are fast-tracking to maturity. Why this is the case or how this works is unknown.”
According to the report, which was published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, each of the six objects weighs billions of times more than our sun. In one of them, the total weight of all its stars may be as much as 100 billion times greater than our sun.
The Pennsylvania State University’s Joel Leja, who also took part in the study, said, “What we found is so unexpected that it actually creates problems for science and it might call the whole picture of early galaxy formation into question.”
These galaxy observations were among the first set of data from the $10 billion Webb telescope, which was just launched over a year ago. Unlike Hubble, the bigger and more powerful Webb can see through clouds of dust with its infrared (红外的) vision and discover galaxies previously undetected. Scientists hope to eventually observe the first stars and galaxies formed following the creation of the universe 13.8 billion years ago.
The researchers are still waiting for official confirmation. “It’s possible that a few of the objects might not be galaxies, but black holes. One early lesson from Webb is to let go of our expectations and be ready to be surprised,” Labbe said. “Next year it will tell us.”
8．What is special about the six newly detected objects?
A．Their age. B．Their color. C．Their size. D．Their shape.
9．What do the underlined words “fast-tracking to maturity” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Turning quickly. B．Circling smoothly. C．Travelling fast. D．Growing rapidly.
10．What can we learn about the two telescopes?
A．Hubble can see further than Webb. B．Webb is more powerful than Hubble.
C．Webb is much cheaper than Hubble. D．Hubble is relatively bigger than Webb.
11．What does Ivo Labbe mean in the last paragraph?
A．The data might not be complete. B．The researchers will be disappointed.
C．He does not agree with Joel Leja. D．The new Webb telescope is unreliable.
During the industrial age, when high school was key to the American dream, public-school systems covered the costs of earning a diploma. Today, however, ns college degrees have replaced high-school diplomas as the ticket into the middle class, families are forced to cover the costs of higher education and more. If the information-age economy demands a workforce with higher education, the US government needs to make the same deal with students and their families: Anyone willing to work hard and earn the degree should be able to attend college—for free.
With that basic bargain in mind, Michigan has lately joined Oregon, Rhode Island and Tennessee in experimenting with ways to make community college free. Under the terms of the Chicago Star Scholarship, a program that has already enrolled more than 6,000 students, if a student at a public high school in Michigan maintains a B average, the state will provide a free degree at a local community college. Then, through another program Chicago Star Plus, students who have scored 3.0 GPA are qualified to receive a tuition discount at 18 of the four-year colleges located in Michigan.
Chicago Star Scholarship and Chicago Star Plus are already changing young lives. Its high-school graduation rate grew from 56.9 percent in 2011 to 78.2 percent in 2022. And Chicago Star Plus’ college attending rate is 86 percent, well above the national average of 62.7 percent.
More than a century ago, America achieved an explosion of social mobility by creating a supportive public school system that runs to 12th grade. By adding community colleges to the nation’s public-school systems and educational requirements, we can strengthen the belief in the American dream again.
12．What does the author suggest the US government do today?
A．Cancel all college students’ debts.
B．Reduce the costs for the middle class.
C．Provide free higher education for qualified students.
D．Help poor families to cover the fees of higher education.
13．Who can receive the Chicago Star Scholarship?
A．Any student who has achieved 3.0 GPA．
B．All public high school students in Michigan.
C．All students admitted into the 18 four-year colleges.
D．Any Michigan public high schooler who maintains a B average.
14．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The significance of the programs in Michigan. B．The high dropout rate in the US colleges.
C．The potential costs of Chicago Star Plus. D．The popularization of higher education in the US.
15．How is the text mainly developed?
A．By analyzing data. B．By listing examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By conducting surveys.
二、七选五
According to Jaime Roberts, good consulting is often about loosening the body, opening the mind and, more often than not, keeping the mouth shut.
Your body language matters
Jaime Roberts has been one of my go to experts for advice for decades. When I once asked her why she was so good at consulting, she was quick to mention her body language. “____16____,” she said, “Otherwise, they might not open up to me as much as I would want them to.”
You don’t have to fix the problem
That’s another thing Jaime Roberts has learned on the job, “People who ask ‘What should I do?’ often want to process a problem themselves. ____17____,” she said. “Part of the trick is remembering that listening is the best thing you have to do, in most cases.”
You don’t need to give advice right now
Texts and FaceTime might be immediate, but your advice doesn’t have to be. ____18____. “Forcing yourself to give advice when you can’t will do more harm than good,” she said.
____19____
You’re bound to hear about problems you haven’t experienced firsthand. That’s why Jaime Roberts says you should let them know that you’re just human beings with limited experience. ____20____.
A．Don’t say their choices are wrong
B．You cannot give advice as giving someone an order
C．I try to appear relaxed and avoid looks of shock or judgment
D．You don’t need to have the same problem to be a good consultant
E．But you should let them know you will do your best to understand them
F．You’re a good consultant if you can help them fix the problem on their own
G．You can politely explain to them that you will talk to them when you’re ready
三、完形填空
Sujata Halarnkar would like to eat fish curry (咖喱) every day. It’s a very ____21____ curry with the basic ingredients (原料), nothing very fancy. However, it’s a recipe passed down from her ____22____ who is still living in Mumbai, India.
Halarnkar now lives in Yuma, Arizona, but she ____23____ in Mumbai, and her grandparents lived in a(n) ____24____ coastal village. Her mother would send her to her grandparents’ home for ____25____. There, her grandma would cook this curry for her.
“They lived in a neighboring village and I went there almost every week. That is one of the ____26____ memories I had about my childhood,” Halarnkar said. “We had a pretty and peaceful beach to ourselves and we would ____27____ fish from the sea every morning.”
____28____ later, fish curry is still the comfort food to Halarnkar, who said her family always cooks it when they ____29____ at weekends in the US.
“We’ll go out to the fish market, buy fresh _____30_____ and make this curry,” she said. “We don’t even worry about vegetables. We just eat some steamed rice and this fish curry.”
Halarnkar has passed on the _____31_____ to her daughter Natasha, who lives in San Diego and shares Halarnkar’s love of cooking. And even though the next _____32_____ has the recipe, Halarnkar said she still _____33_____ the curry her grandma made in India. In fact, she’s looking forward to having it next time she goes to _____34_____ her.
“I’m 100% sure that she is going to make it for me when I _____35_____ there,” Halarnkar said.
21．A．expensive B．extraordinary C．new D．traditional
22．A．grandmother B．husband C．aunt D．neighbor
23．A．passed away B．settled down C．grew up D．cried out
24．A．dangerous B．nearby C．busy D．ugly
25．A．parties B．schools C．weekends D．gifts
26．A．saddest B．hardest C．strangest D．best
27．A．see B．catch C．raise D．save
28．A．Days B．Weeks C．Months D．Decades
29．A．work B．play C．hunt D．gather
30．A．chicken B．fish C．meat D．milk
31．A．recipe B．talent C．house D．thought
32．A．store B．village C．generation D．guest
33．A．avoids B．invents C．hides D．prefers
34．A．pay B．hug C．visit D．treat
35．A．arrive B．leave C．move D．marry
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has planted millions of trees in its northwest over the past two decades as part of its ____36____ (amaze) fight against the expanding deserts.
The effort has paid off. Around 2000, deserts across the country were still increasing by 10,400m2 a year. But in 2017, they were decreasing by more than 2,400m2 a year. The ____37____ (achieve) was confirmed by a study from the Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Sciences in Paris.
“In 1999, the Chinese government began planting millions of trees in its Grain for Green Program. It ____38____ (carry) out to repair damaged farmland in northwestern China, ____39____ is roughly the size of France,” says Philippe Ciais, a researcher at the laboratory. “I was there a few months ago, and it is indeed surprising that once bare landscapes are now almost fully covered by plants.”
“The growth of forests is significant ____40____ necessary progress in the fight against desertification,” says Jianping Huang, a researcher at Lanzhou University. “But it’s still too early to determine whether it has solved the problem. Researchers have found that many of the plant species ____41____ (introduce) to the region use more water ____42____ native vegetation. It could lead to water shortages for humans.”
The national forestry department has recognized the error. In recent years, it has worked more closely with researchers and communities to find ways to plant less ____43____ (thirst) plants that have economic value.
“All ____44____ (program) need to take into account local conditions,” the forestry department said in March “____45____ (we) efforts should go towards keeping vegetation sustainable, rather than simply planting more trees.”
五、告知信/通知
46．假定你是李华。你的外国笔友Tom对你班开展的课外活动（extracurricular activities）非常感兴趣，希望你介绍这方面的有关情况。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1. 课外活动介绍；
2. 你最喜欢的活动；
3. 喜欢的原因。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After filling out sixty applications, going through three interviews, and winning just one offer, I took what I could get: to teach in a remote area in western New Jersey. I kept reminding myself that I could do what I had always dreamed of doing since I was fourteen: teaching English.
At the school, I worked very hard, only taking time off to eat and sleep. I got along very well with my students who were only seven or eight years younger than me.
But I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love for the written words, while the students preferred to throw paper planes and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.
In college, I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore students’ bad behavior. So I did, feeling confident that, as the textbooks had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounded reasonable, but the textbooks evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable.
By the time the principal, who was always ready to fire bad teachers, came into the classroom to observe my class, the students exhibited very little good behavior. After he settled down in the back of the room, the boys in the class were still making animal noises, hitting each other and the girls filed (修剪) their nails or read magazines.
I just pretended nothing wrong was happening. I went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions. The principal seemed to be growing more and more annoyed. After twenty minutes, he left, silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes. I only felt mildly comforted that I powered through the rest of the class without crying.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After class, I was asked to see him.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I made up my mind to make a change.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了NPR学生播客大赛的参赛要求。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This year’s competition will open for entries on January 6, 2023 and close on April 28.(今年的比赛将于2023年1月6日开始报名，4月28日结束)”可知，截止日期是4月28日。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Entries must be submitted by an educator or a student leader who’s 18 years old or older.(参赛作品必须由18岁或以上的教育工作者或学生干部提交)”可知，C项“教师”符合要求。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据Information and structure, 40 percent一节中“Is it structured in a way that keeps listeners engaged? Can we easily follow the story you’re telling or the information you’re explaining? Have you spent time cutting out unnecessary information to make sure the main ideas come through clearly?(它的结构是否能让听众保持参与？我们能轻松地理解你所讲的故事或你所解释的信息吗？你是否花时间删去了不必要的信息，以确保主要思想能够清晰地表达出来？)”及Production, 20 percent一节中“We’re not judging you on how fancy your equipment is and we don’t expect you to be an expert on recording and editing sound, but we hope you’ll try.(我们并不是根据你的设备有多花哨来评判你，我们也不期望你成为录音和编辑声音的专家，但我们希望你能尝试一下)”可知，参赛作品需要结构紧凑，适当编辑。故选B。
4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道介绍了享誉全球的科幻杂志Clarkesworld最近受AI作品的影响，不得不暂停接受新稿件。
4． 细节理解题。第一段提到“On February 20, the science fiction magazine Clarkesworld was forced to stop accepting any new articles from writers after it was flooded with AI-written stories.”（2月20日，科幻杂志《克拉克世界》被迫停止接受任何作家的新文章，因为它被人工智能撰写的故事淹没了。）由此判断，Clarkesworld是被AI写手逼得不得不暂停接受新稿件。故选B。
5．推理判断题。第四段提到“He said he had already spoken to editors of other magazines and that all of them had agreed to stop accepting AI-written articles.”（他说，他已经和其他杂志的编辑谈过，他们都同意停止接受人工智能撰写的文章。）由此判断，其他杂志对AI生成的作品持否定态度。故选A。
6．细节理解题。第五段提到“‘But the thing is that science fiction is often intended to give a warning to people. We don’t celebrate technology just because it exists. We want to make sure that we’re using it right. And there are some significant legal and moral issues around this technology that we’re not ready to accept.’”（但问题是，科幻小说往往是为了给人们一个警告。我们不会因为技术的存在而赞美它。我们要确保我们正确地使用它。关于这项技术，有一些重大的法律和道德问题，我们还没有准备好接受。）由此判断，Neil Clarke认为科幻杂志经常试图警告技术的黑暗面。故选D。
7．推理判断题。第一段提到“On February 20, the science fiction magazine Clarkesworld was forced to stop accepting any new articles from writers after it was flooded with AI-written stories.”（2月20日，科幻杂志《克拉克世界》被迫停止接受任何作家的新文章，因为它被人工智能撰写的故事淹没了。）文章第一段中交代了事情发生的时间，由此判断，这是一篇新闻报道。故选C。
8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了韦伯太空望远镜最近发现的六个疑似星系。
8．细节理解题。第二段提到“While the new telescope has spotted even older galaxies, dating to within 300 million years of the beginning of the universe, it’s the size of these six galaxies that shock the researchers.”（虽然新望远镜发现了更古老的星系，可以追溯到宇宙起源的3亿年内，但这六个星系的大小令研究人员震惊）可知，这六个星系的大小尺寸是其特别之处，因此让研究人员震惊。故选C。
9．词义猜测题。第一段提到“The six newly discovered objects suggest that the early universe may have been developing unexpectedly fast to produce these huge galaxies.”（这六个新发现的天体表明，早期宇宙可能以出人意料的速度发展，产生了这些巨大的星系）及画线词前“Most galaxies in this era are still small and only gradually growing larger over time, ... But...”（这个时代的大多数星系仍然很小，只是随着时间的推移逐渐变大，”澳大利亚斯威本科技大学的首席研究员伊沃·拉贝说。但是......）可推断，fast-tracking to maturity（快速走向成熟）与developing unexpectedly fast（快速发展）及Growing rapidly（迅速生长）所表达的意思相同。故选D。
10．细节理解题。第六段提到“Unlike Hubble, the bigger and more powerful Webb can see through clouds of dust with its infrared (红外的) vision and discover galaxies previously undetected.”（与哈勃望远镜不同的是，韦伯望远镜体积更大、功能更强大，它可以用红外视野穿透尘埃云，发现以前未被探测到的星系）可知，韦伯望远镜比哈勃望远镜更强大。故选B。
11．推理判断题。第五段最后一句提到“What we found is so unexpected that it actually creates problems for science and it might call the whole picture of early galaxy formation into question.”（我们的发现是如此出乎意料，它实际上给科学带来了问题，它可能会让早期星系形成的整个图景受到质疑）第六段提到“These galaxy observations were among the first set of data from...”（这些星系观测是价值100亿美元的韦伯望远镜的首批数据之一，该望远镜于一年多前刚刚发射）及最后一段“‘One early lesson from Webb is to let go of our expectations and be ready to be surprised,’”（韦伯给我们的一个早期教训是，放下我们的期望，准备好接受惊喜）可知，韦伯望远镜观测的结果受到了质疑。由此推知，Ivo Labbe担心第一批数据可能不完整。故选A。
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为在信息时代，国家有义务为国民提供免费的高等教育。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“If the information-age economy demands a workforce with higher education, the US government needs to make the same deal with students and their families: Anyone willing to work hard and earn the degree should be able to attend college—for free.（如果信息时代的经济需要受过高等教育的劳动力，那么美国政府也需要与学生及其家庭达成同样的协议：任何愿意努力学习并获得学位的人都应该能够免费上大学。）”可知，作者建议美国政府今天为合格的学生提供免费高等教育。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Under the terms of the Chicago Star Scholarship... if a student at a public high school in Michigan maintains a B average, the state will provide a free degree at a local community college.（根据芝加哥之星奖学金的条款如果密歇根州公立高中的学生平均成绩保持在B，州政府将在当地社区大学免费提供学位。）”可知，这个奖学金项目惠及的是密歇根州成绩达到B级的高中生。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据主题句“Chicago Star Scholarship and Chicago Star Plus are already changing young lives.（芝加哥明星奖学金和芝加哥明星Plus已经改变了年轻人的生活。）”及细节，可知，第三段主要讲述的是这些项目在密歇根的意义。故选A。
15．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者主要是通过密歇根州的两个奖学金项目所产生的积极成果来支持自己的论点的。故选B。
16．C 17．F 18．G 19．D 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个给建议的技巧：放松、倾听、闭嘴。
16．根据本节的小标题“Your body language matters（肢体语言很重要）”及空后“Otherwise, they might not open up to me as much as I would want them to.（ 否则，他们可能不会像我希望的那样对我敞开心扉。）”，可知，肢体语言很重要。承接小标题和顺承下文，C项I try to appear relaxed and avoid looks of shock or judgment（我尽量放松身体、不露声色，以免让对方感到我在评头品足）切题。故选C。
17．根据空前提示“People who ask ‘What should I do?’ often want to process a problem themselves.（问“我该怎么办?”的人往往想自己处理问题。）”可知，这些人想自己解决问题，F项中的on their own“靠他们自己”与其吻合。承接上文，F项You’re a good consultant if you can help them fix the problem on their own（如果你能帮助他们自己解决问题，你就是一个好顾问）切题。故选F。
18．根据空后提示“Forcing yourself to give advice when you can’t will do more harm than good,（当你不能提出建议时，强迫自己提出建议弊大于利。）”可知，既然强迫自己提建议弊大于利，那就暂时不提建议，向对方说清楚。顺承下文，G项You can politely explain to them that you will talk to them when you’re ready（你可以向对方礼貌地解释等你考虑成熟了再给建议）切题。故选G。
19．根据空后提示“You’re bound to hear about problems you haven’t experienced firsthand.（你一定会听到你没有亲身经历过的问题。）”及下文细节可知，有些问题不一定亲身经历过。顺承下文，D项You don’t need to have the same problem to be a good consultant （亲历相似的问题不是成为合格咨询者的前提条件）切题。故选D。
20．根据空前提示“That’s why Jaime Roberts says you should let them know that you’re just human beings with limited experience.（这就是为什么杰米·罗伯茨说你应该让他们知道你只是一个经验有限的人。）”可知，你要让对方知道你经验有限，同时你也会尽最大努力去理解他们，E项中的But将上下文紧密连接在一起。承接上文，E项But you should let them know you will do your best to understand them（但是，你要让对方知道你会尽力去理解他们）切题。故选E。
21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．D 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Sujata Halarnkar在文中表达了她对外祖母做的鱼咖喱饭的思念之情。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种非常传统的咖喱，只有基本的食材，没有什么特别的。 A. expensive昂贵的；B. extraordinary 非凡的；C. new新的；D. traditional传统的。 根据空后“with the basic ingredients (原料)”及下文细节可知，这种鱼咖喱饭是比较传统的（traditional），里面没啥花哨的食材。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是她仍然住在印度孟买的祖母传下来的食谱。A. grandmother祖母；B. husband丈夫；C. aunt姑姑；D. neighbor邻居。 根据下文“There, her grandma would cook this curry for her.”及“... Halarnkar said she still ___13___ the curry her grandma made in India.”可知，她是从外祖母（grandmother）那里学会做鱼咖喱的。故选A。
23． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：哈拉恩卡现在住在亚利桑那州的尤马，但她在孟买长大，她的祖父母住在附近的一个沿海村庄。A. passed away去世；B. settled down定居；C. grew up成长；D. cried out大声呼喊。 根据空前“Halarnkar now lives in Yuma, Arizona, but...”可知，她是在孟买长大（grew up）的。故选C。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈拉恩卡现在住在亚利桑那州的尤马，但她在孟买长大，她的祖父母住在附近的一个沿海村庄。A. dangerous危险的；B. nearby附近的；C. busy忙碌的；D. ugly丑陋的。根据下文“‘They lived in a neighboring village and I went there almost every week.’”可知，外祖母家很近（nearby）。她几乎每个周末（weekends）都会去那里吃外祖母做的鱼咖喱。故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她妈妈会把她送到祖父母家过周末。A. parties聚会；B. schools学校；C. weekends周末；D. gifts礼物。根据下文“‘They lived in a neighboring village and I went there almost every week.’”可知，外祖母家很近（nearby）。她几乎每个周末（weekends）都会去那里吃外祖母做的鱼咖喱。故选C。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那是我童年最美好的回忆之一。A. saddest最伤心的；B. hardest 最困难的；C. strangest最奇怪的；D. best最好的。根据空后“memories I had about my childhood”可知，这样的儿时记忆当然是最美好的（best）：跟着外祖母在美丽的海滨捕（catch）鱼做咖喱。故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个美丽而宁静的海滩，每天早上我们都会从海里抓鱼。A. see看见；B. catch 抓住；C. raise提高；D. save挽救。根据空后“fish from the sea every morning”可知，跟着外祖母在美丽的海滨捕（catch）鱼做咖喱。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几十年后，咖喱鱼仍然是哈拉恩卡的心头好，她说她的家人在美国周末聚会时总是会做咖喱鱼。A. Days天；B. Weeks周；C. Months月；D. Decades几十年。根据空后“fish curry is still the comfort food to Halarnkar”可知，此处指几十年（Decades）后，鱼咖喱饭还能给身处异国他乡的Halarnkar带来莫大的安慰。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几十年后，咖喱鱼仍然是哈拉恩卡的心头好，她说她的家人在美国周末聚会时总是会做咖喱鱼。 A. work工作；B. play玩；C. hunt打猎；D. gather聚集。根据空后“at weekends in the US”可知，在美国她的家人周末聚会（gather）时，也只买鱼（fish）做咖喱饭吃。故选D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们会去鱼市，买新鲜的鱼，然后做咖喱，A. chicken小鸡；B. fish 鱼；C. meat 肉；D. milk牛奶。根据空前“We’ll go out to the fish market, buy fresh”可知，在美国她的家人周末聚会（gather）时，也只买鱼（fish）做咖喱饭吃。故选B。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈拉恩卡把食谱传给了她的女儿娜塔莎，她住在圣地亚哥，和哈拉恩卡一样热爱烹饪。A. recipe 食谱；B. talent天赋；C. house房子；D. thought思想。根据空后“to her daughter Natasha, who lives in San Diego and shares Halarnkar’s love of cooking.”可知，Halarnkar已经把这个菜谱（recipe）传给了自己的女儿。故选A。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管下一代有了这个食谱，哈拉恩卡说她仍然更喜欢奶奶在印度做的咖喱。A. store商店；B. village村子；C. generation一代；D. guest客人。根据空前后“even though the next 12 has the recipe”可知，此处指晚辈（generation）总做不出外祖母的那个味道来。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管下一代有了这个食谱，哈拉恩卡说她仍然更喜欢奶奶在印度做的咖喱。 A. avoids避免；B. invents发明；C. hides躲藏；D. prefers更喜欢。根据空后“the curry her grandma made in India”可知，Halarnkar还是更喜欢（prefers）外祖母做的咖喱饭。故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，她期待着下次去看她的时候能吃到它。A. pay支付；B. hug拥抱；C. visit参观；D. treat对待。根据空前“she’s looking forward to having it next time she goes to”可知，她正盼望着回印度探（visit）亲。故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我百分之百肯定我到那儿时她会给我做的。A. arrive到达；B. leave离开；C. move移动；D. marry结婚。根据空前后“I’m 100% sure that she is going to make it for me when I 15 there,”可知，此处指，她一到家（arrive），外祖母准会给她做鱼咖喱。故选A。
36．amazing 37．achievement 38．was carried 39．which 40．and 41．introduced 42．than 43．thirsty 44．programs 45．Our
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。十几年前，中国政府在大西北启动了“退耕还林工程”并取得了举世瞩目的成绩。
36．考查形容词。句意：在过去的20年里，中国在西北地区种植了数百万棵树，作为对抗不断扩大的沙漠的惊人斗争的一部分。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作定语，修饰fight，意为“令人惊叹的”，故填amazing。
37．考查名词。句意：巴黎气候与环境科学实验室的一项研究证实了这一成就。根据该空前的定冠词The及空后的was可知，所填词为名词作主语，可使用名词achievement的单数形式。故填achievement。
38．考查动词的时态语态。句意：该实验室的研究员菲利普•恰伊斯(Philippe Ciais)表示：“这项工程是为了修复中国西北部受损的农田，面积大致相当于法国。”根据时间状语In 1999可知，此处用一般过去时，又因为carry out与It（Grain for Green Program）是被动关系，空处应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was carried。
39．考查定语从句。句意：该实验室的研究员菲利普•恰伊斯(Philippe Ciais)表示：“这项工程是为了修复中国西北部受损的农田，面积大致相当于法国。”分析该句结构可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为northwestern China，可使用关系代词which在从句中作主语。故填which。
40．考查连词。句意：兰州大学研究员黄建平说：“森林的生长是防治荒漠化的重要而必要的进步。”根据句意可知，此处表示并列关系，可用并列连词and。故填and。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员发现，许多引入该地区的植物比本地植物消耗更多的水。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作后置定语，修饰species。而且introduce与species之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式，故填introduced。
42．考查介词。句意：研究人员发现，许多引入该地区的植物比本地植物消耗更多的水。根据空前的more water可知，此处用介词than表示比较。故填than。
43．考查形容词。句意：近年来，它与研究人员和社区更密切地合作，寻找种植具有经济价值的不那么渴（需要水）的植物的方法。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作plants的定语，应使用所给名词的形容词形式thirsty。故填thirsty。
44．考查名词复数。句意：所有的项目都需要考虑到当地的情况。program为可数名词，根据空前的定语All及空后的谓语动词need可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式。故填programs。
45．考查代词。句意：我们应该努力保持植被的可持续发展，而不是简单地种植更多的树。分析句子可知，此处可使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词efforts。位于句首时首字母大写。故填Our。
46．Dear Tom,
This year, our class has organized a variety of extracurricular activities, such as planting trees, learning to cook and visiting local museums.
My favorite activity is to visit the museums. Such kinds of trips have not only helped me better understand the history and geography textbooks, but also improved my research skills, since we were always asked to get prepared by searching online or finding useful information in the library before the field trips. I really hope that you can go on a field trip with us in the future.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华。你的外国笔友Tom对你班开展的课外活动（extracurricular activities）非常感兴趣，希望你介绍这方面的有关情况。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：课外活动介绍；你最喜欢的活动；喜欢的原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
当地的：local→native
为……做准备：get prepared → be ready for
寻找：search→look for
有用的：useful→ be of use
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：This year, our class has organized a variety of extracurricular activities, such as planting trees, learning to cook and visiting local museums.
拓展句：This year, our class has organized a variety of extracurricular activities, which include planting trees, learning to cook and visiting local museums.
【点睛】【高分句型1】My favorite activity is to visit the museums.（运用了动词不定式作表语）
【高分句型2】Such kinds of trips have not only helped me better understand the history and geography textbooks, but also improved my research skills, since we were always asked to get prepared by searching online or finding useful information in the library before the field trips.（运用了since引导原因状语从句）
47．After class, I was asked to see him. When I reached his office, I took a deep breath and opened the door. There in the chair sat my boss, with a hardened face. He looked at me for a while, and then handed me an envelope, which definitely added more anxiety to me at that moment. However, my eyes went wide open when I found it was a letter with several suggestions about my teaching, one of which was highlighted in red: An educator should get the students actively engaged.
I made up my mind to make a change. In the next class, when the students seemed to expect another boring English lesson, I cleared my throat and announced, “Boys and girls, let me hear your own voice about my literature lesson.” Suddenly, a complete silence fell over. Flashing a smile, I continued, “Anything you’d like to say!” At this, the class immediately came to life.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者去了偏远的荒野地区——新泽西西部——教英语，在工作中苦苦挣扎，学生们在教室后面扔纸团，说脏话，而作者的领导也特别严格，会开除没有经验的老师。这天，领导来作者的班上听课，学生们没有收敛，课才上到一半领导就离开了。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“下课后，他叫我去见他。”可知，第一段可描写作者去领导办公室的心情，以及发生的事情——领导给建议。
②由第二段首句内容“我下定决心做出改变。”可知，第二段可描写作者下定决心进行改变的过程。
2. 续写线索：去领导办公室——感到焦虑羞愧——领导给出建议——受到鼓舞——做出改变——感悟
3. 词汇激活
动作类
①递给某人某物：hand sb. sth. / pass sth. to sb.
②宣布：announce / declare / annunciate
情绪类
①冷漠的：hardened / indifferent
②活跃地：actively/energetically/zealously
【点睛】[高分句型1] Flashing a smile, I continued, “Anything you’d like to say!” (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] He handed me an envelope, which definitely added more anxiety to me at that moment. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
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