小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第3讲：名词的数
展开小升初语法第3讲：名词
知识点讲解与考题精练（有答案）
【考点解读】
名词是人类认识事物所使用的基本词汇，是用来表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念的名称的词。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、称呼语等。小升初的考点主要集中在名词的分类判断和名词的修饰成分上面。
【知识讲解】
- 名词的分类
名词是用来表示人名、地名、事物名称及其抽象概念的词类。
专有名词 Shanghai, English
- 名词变复数的规则
如果我们想表示多个人或物就要用这个名词的复数形式。要注意：只有可数名词才有复数形式的变化。
| 名词变复数的规则变化 | 例词 |
（1） | 一般情况下在可数名词词尾直接加s | car-cars |
（2） | 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的可数名词加es | bus-buses，dish-dishes， fox-foxes，watch-watches |
（3） | 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾名词，把y变i，加es | story-stories，family-families（家人） |
以“元音字母 + y”结尾名词，直接加s | boy-boys, toy-toys | |
（4） | 以f/fe结尾,变f/fe为v，加es | leaf-leaves（树叶） |
（5） | 以o结尾有生命的名词，加es | potato-potatoes |
以o结尾无生命的名词，加s | photo-photos（照片） |
❊ 特别提示：
(1) 常见以f/fe结尾的名词有wife（妻子）, knife（刀）, wolf（狼）, thief（小偷）, shelf（架子）, self（自己）, life（寿命）, half（一半）, leaf（树叶）
记忆口诀：妻子拿刀去追狼，小偷见了着了慌，架子底下自保命，半片树叶遮目光
(2) 常见以o结尾的名词加es的词：Negro（黑人）, hero（英雄）, potato, tomato, mango。
记忆口诀： 黑人英雄爱吃土豆炖西红柿和芒果 |
- 名词变复数的不规则变化
（1）特殊变化
有一些名词在变成复数时不遵循以上原则。我们把小学阶段遇到的特殊变化的名词整理如下：
| 构词法 | 例词 |
（1） | a变e | man-men, woman-women |
（2） | oo变ee | foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese |
（3） | 词尾+ren/ en | child-children, ox-oxen（公牛） |
（4） | 单复数相同 | Chinese（中国人）, Japanese（日本人）, police（警察）, people（人们）, deer（鹿）, sheep（羊）, fish（鱼） |
✭单复数相同的词记忆口诀：中日警察好友来聚会，鹿、羊、鱼、牛齐齐把家回
（2）表示（某）国人的名词复数
在英语名词复数中，表示（某）国人的名词复数有些加S, 有些又不加，学生常会出错。我们可以借助于顺口溜去记忆，即：“中日瑞不变，英法都要变，其他国人加s”。
Chinese--Chinese中国人 | Japanese--Japanese日本人 | Swiss--Swiss瑞士人 |
Englishman--Englishmen英国人 | Frenchman--Frenchmen法国人 | |
American--Americans | German--Germans. |
|
（3）复合名词的复数变化
| 复合名词变复数的规则 | 例词 |
（1） | 一般情况下在词尾加s | book shop-book shops |
（2） | 以“man/woman+名词”时，前后名词都变 | man-teacher→men teachers woman doctor→women doctors |
（3） | 以“boy/girl + 名词”时，变后面的词 | girl student→girl students |
（4）多以复数形式出现的名词
如：clothes衣服， shoes 鞋子，sunglasses 太阳镜，shorts短裤， scissors剪刀, glasses眼镜, shears大剪刀, trousers长裤
（5）可数名词的数量表达
- 可数名词可以借助量词来表达，of后面用名词复数,尤其是成双成对的名词复数。如：
a pair of glasses; | three pairs of trousers; | a pair of scissors; | a pair of trousers; |
a pair of glasses; | a pair of socks; | a pair of gloves; | a pair of shoes |
✭可数名词借助量词来表达时要注意：后面虽然用复数，动词要根据前面的量词来决定。
如：There is a box of apples in the car.
There are four pairs of shoes under the bed.
- 可数名词可以借助some, any, a lot of, many等词来修饰。
如：some apples, many people, a lot of books等等。
- 常见的不可数名词以及修饰名词的数量词
(1) 常见的不可数名词如下表
液体类 | milk, juice, coffee, water, tea, coke, oil, vinegar(醋), soy, yogurt,wine,petrol（汽油） blood,flood |
食物类 | fruit,food,meat, beef, pork, mutton,rice, flour, bread, salt, sugar, butter,cream, jam, sauce, pizza,jelly,jam,ham |
自然类 | weather,rain, snow,wind,fog,frost(霜),light,fire,sunshine,thunder,lightning,electricity |
材料类 | silk, wool,cotton,cloth,iron,steel,glass(玻璃)，paper，coal,gold,silver,plastic,wood |
其他 | furniture，money, air, fun, music, news, glue, tape, time(时间)，work, homework, housework, information, advice |
(2) 不可数名词的数量表达
- 不可数名词前不能用a/an，在句中相当于单数名词，谓语动词用单数。如：
Water is the source of life. 水是生命的源泉。
- 不可数名词可以借助于piece, bottle, packet等量词来表示数量。如：
单词 | 量词短语 | 意思 |
paper | a piece of paper | 一张纸 |
cake | a piece of cake | 一块蛋糕 |
bread | a slice of bread | 一片面包 |
water | a cup pf water | 一杯水 |
chocolate | a packet of chocolate | 一包巧克力 |
paper | two pieces of paper | 两张纸 |
- 有了以上量词的帮助，不可数名词也可以提现具体的数量了。
a piece of paper一张纸 two pieces of paper两张纸
a cup of coffee一杯咖啡 two cups of coffee两杯咖啡
- 名词的句法作用
名词在句子中可以用作如下成分：
(1) 名词作主语
The boy opened the door. 那个男孩把门打开了。
(2) 名词作宾语
I saw the boy .我看到那个男孩。（boy 作动词saw的宾语）
Give the money to your brother. 把这些钱给你兄弟。(brother 作介词to的宾语)
(3) 名词作表语
He is a clever boy. 他是个聪明的孩子。
(4) 名词宾语补足语
They called him a fool. 他们叫他傻瓜。
He was called a fool.（当含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态的时候，原来的宾语变成了主语，那么原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。）
(5) 名词作定语
Is it a colour film? 是彩色影片吗？
(6) 名词作同位语
This is my friend John.
【考题精练】
一、朗读下列单词，并按照要求把单词写在相应的横线处。
plane, lake, water, sugar, chair, butter, tea, meat, air, milk, card, cheese, match, news, rice
可数名词
不可数名词
二、写出下列名词的复数
tooth--_______
goose--________
table --_______
sheep--________
man driver--______
potato --________
piano--_______
mouse--_______
loaf--________
glass(玻璃杯) --_______
watch--_______
country--_______
三、单项选择。
( )1.--What are these? --They are __________.
A. deers B. radios C. radioes D. tomatos
( )2.How many __________ are there in these __________?
A. tomatos, photos B. tomatoes, photos
C. tomatoes, photoes D.potatos,photoes
( )3.Mr. Chen has two __________.
A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths D.toothes
( )4.Here are __________ for you, Sue.
A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato
( )5.Then the __________ began to eat the green __________ of young trees.
A. deer, leafs B. deer, leaves C. deer, leaf D. deers, leafs
( )6.I met some __________ in the park and talked with them the other day.
A. Japanese B. American C. Chineses D. English
( )7.-- Excuse me, are you __________? --- Yes, I’m from __________.
A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese
C. England, English D.American, America
( )8.A group of __________are talking with two__________ over there.
A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Frenchmen, Germen
C. Frenchmen, German D. Frenchmanes, Germans
( )9.Yesterday a few __________ came to visit some__________ in Shantou.
A. German, places of interest B. Germans, places of interests
C. Germans, places of interest D. Germen, places of interest。
( )10.Two __________ and five __________ are studying Chinese at Beijing University.
A. German, English B. Germans, English C.
Germans, Englishmen D. Germen, Englishmen
( )11.There are twenty __________ in our hospital.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
( )12.__________ are usually careful in doing exercises.
A.Girl students B. Girls students
C. Girls’ students D.Girl’s students
( )13.The delicious dishes are cooked by __________.
A. women cookers B. women cooks
C .woman cooks D. woman cookers
( )14.Julie went to the __________ to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes store B. shoe’s store C. shoe store D. shoes’ store
( )15.Look at the shoes. They are my __________.
A. sister B. sisters C. sisters’s D. sisters'
( )16.This is __________ room. Come in, please.
A. John and Joan of B. John and Joan’s
C. John’s and Joan’s D. John’s and Joan
( )17.We sell __________ in our shop.
A. woman and child’s clothes B. women and children T-shirts
C. women’s and children’s jackets D. woman’s and child’s coats
( )18.We had a good time during our __________ holiday.
A. two weeks B. two-week C. two-week’s D. two weeks’
( )19.__________ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
( )20.I like that son of __________.
A. John’s sister B. John sister’s C. John’s sister’s D. John’s sisters
( )21.On __________, all the children can play games all day.
A. Children’s Day B. Childrens’ Day
C. The Children’s Day D.children day
( )22.This is not my cap, but my __________.
A. brothers B. brother’s C. brothers’ D. brother
( )23.Tom's car is more beautiful than__________.
A. his brother's and sister B. his brother and sister
C. his brothers and sisters D. his brother's and sister's
( )24.I’ll go and call at __________ right after school.
A. the doctor B. the Smiths C. Smith D.my uncle’s
四、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.There are two__________ over there. (watch)
2. I like taking __________. (photo)
3. l can see a __________and two __________ standing there. (man, woman)
4. There are two baskets of__________ on the floor. (apple)
5. Look at those__________. (child)
6. He doesn't like these__________. (glass)
7. How many __________can you see? (radio)
8. There are more and more __________ drivers in Shanghai now. (woman)
9. Give me some __________, please. (water)
参 考 答 案
一、可数名词：plane, lake, chair, card, match
不可数名词 water, sugar, butter, tea, meat, air, milk, cheese, news, rice
二、teeth, geese, tables, men drivers, potatoes, pianos, sheep, mice ,loaves, glasses.
三、
1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B
6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C
11.C 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.D
16-20BCBBC 21-24A B D D
四、watches photos man women apples children glasses radios women water
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