小升初英语语法专项讲解+练习学案：小学常见的其他句型（含答案）

小升初语言知识运用

小学常见的其他句型

一、There be 句型

There be 句型一般表示某地有某物或存在某物。 There be 句型以 there 引导，here 本身没有意义，后接 be 动词的各种形式，可用于各种时态，例如:

There is a cat under the table. 桌子下面有只猫。

There are twenty boys in my class. 我班里有20位男生。

There was a small bridge here ten years ago. 十年前这里有座小桥。

There were fifteen apples on the tree just now. 刚才这棵树上有15个苹果。

There will be a football match in our school tomorrow. 明天在我们学校将有 一场足球比赛。

1. There be 句型的肯定形式

（1） There be 句型的肯定形式结构: There be + 名词 + 其他成分。

（2） There be 句型中 be 动词的单复数形式要跟后面的名词单复数形式保持一致，并且根据就近原则来变化。

① 当后面接单数名词或不可数名词时, be动词用单数形式 is 或 was, 例如:

There is a telephone on the table. 桌上有个电话机。

There is some milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有些牛奶。

There was a book on the desk just now. 刚才桌子上有一本书。

② 当后面接可数名词的复数形式时, be动词用复数形式are或were, 例如:

There are two pairs of shoes under the bed. 床底下有两双鞋。

There were some small shops near our school two years ago. 两年前我们学校 附近有些小商店。

③ 当后面接多个并列名词时，如果第一个名词是单数，be动词就用单数形式；如 果第一个名词是复数，be动词则用复数形式，这就是所谓的“就近原则”，例如:

There is an apple, two pears and three bananas in the basket. 篮子里有一只苹果、两只梨和三个香蕉。

There are three bananas, two pears and an apple in the basket. 篮子里有三个香蕉、两只梨和一只苹果。

（3）There be句型中的名词一般是泛指, 名词前通常用a, an, some, any, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, a lot of 等修饰;不用 the, 物主代词或人名, 例如:

There is a boy in the classroom.

There is the boy in the classroom. ( × )

There is Mike in the classroom.

There is her book on the desk.

2. There be 句型的否定形式

（1）There be句型的否定形式的结构主要是:There be + not + 名词 + 其他成 分，例如:

① There is some milk in the fridge.

→There isn't any milk in the fridge. 冰箱里没有牛奶了。

② There was a book on the desk just now.

→ There wasn't a book on the desk just now. 刚才桌子上没有一本书。

③ There are some shoes under the bed.

→There aren't any shoes under the bed. 床底下没有鞋。

④ There were a lot of small shops near our school two years ago.

→ There weren't many small shops near our school two years ago.

两年前我们学校附近没有许多小商店。

（2）There be句型的另一种否定形式: 在名词前加no, 例如:

① There is no milk in the fridge.

② There was no book on the desk just now.

③ There are no shoes under the bed.

④ There were no small shops near our school two years ago.

（3）There be 句型肯定形式中的 some, a lot of 等词不能用于 there be 句型的 否定句或一般疑问句中, 要将它们相应地改成 any, many 或 much, 例如:

① There is a lot of apple juice in the fridge.

→There isn't much apple juice in the fridge.

② There are some books on the shelf.

→There aren't any books on the shelf.

3. There be 句型的疑问句

（1）There be 句型的一般疑问句，把 be 动词移到 there 之前，位于句首，其结 构为:

Be there + 名词 + 其他成分? 回答: Yes, there be. /No, there be not. 例如:

① -- Is there any water in the glass?  -- 杯子里有水吗?

     -- Yes, there is. /No, there isn't.  -- 是的, 有。/不, 没有。

② -- Was there an English lecture yesterday afternoon?   -- 昨天下午有没有英语讲座?

-- Yes, there was. / No, there wasn't. 一是的, 有。/ 不, 没有。

（2）There be句型的特殊疑问句

①对名词提问: What's + 地点 + 其他成分? / What was + 地点 + 其他成分?

There is a picture on the wall. → What's on the wall?

There are some lucky stars in the box. → What's in the box?

There was a small bridge here ten years ago. → What was here ten years ago?

There were some small shops near our school two years ago. → What was near our school two years ago?

②对名词的数量提问: How many + 名词复数形式 + are/were there + 其他成分? 例如:

There is a picture on the wall. →How many pictures are there on the wall?

There were two egg rolls on the plate just now. → How many egg rolls were there on the plate just now?

典型例题

对画线部分提问:

(1) There are three dolls on the bed.

   ____________________________________________________

正确答案 What's on the bed?

解题思路 对There be句型中的名词提问用What's + 地点 + 其他成分? What was + 地点 + 其他成

分? 这跟特殊疑问句的一般结构“疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序? "有所不同, 所以这题答案不要写成 What are there on the bed?

(2) There was an English book in the bookcase.

   ____________________________________________________

正确答案 How many English books were there in the bookcase?

解题思路 对There be句型中名词的数量提问，它的句型是:How many + 名词复数形式 + are/were

there + 其他成分?尽管题目中的数量是an（一个），但在提问时不受其影响， how many 后面在任

何情况下都是接可数名词复数形式，所以相应地跟上 are there 或 were there。

二、have got/has got 句型

have got/has got 表示"某人拥有…", 有时省略 got, 直接说 have/has。

1. have got/has got 的陈述句型

(1) have got/has got句型的肯定形式: sb. + have got/has got + 名词

①当主语是第三人称单数时用has got, 例如:

Mary has got some Barbie dolls. 玛丽有一些芭比娃娃。

Tom has got a new yo - yo. 汤姆有一只新的溜溜球。

The table has got four legs. 这张桌子有四条腿。

②当主语不是第三人称单数时用 have got, 例如:

I have got two big eyes. 我有两只大眼睛。

They have got a lot of candies. 他们有很多糖果。

Lily and Lucy have got many clothes. 丽丽和露茜有很多衣服。

(2) have got/has got 句型的否定形式

①have got/has got句型的否定形式主要在have或has后面加not, 其结构为: sb. + have/has not got + 名词, 例如:

Mary has got some Barbie dolls. →Mary has not ( = hasn't) got any Barbie dolls.

They have got a lot of candies. → They have not ( = haven't) got many candies.

注意:肯定句中的 some 和 a lot of 在否定句和一般疑问句中要分别改成 any 和many 或 much。

②另一种否定形式是在have/has后面加no，got在句中不出现，例如:

We have school today. → We have no school today.

He has some lessons today. →He has no lessons today.

I have some homework to do. →I have no homework to do.

2. have got/has got 的疑问句

(1) have got/has got 句型的一般疑问句

将have或has移到句首, 其他不变, 在句末加问号, 回答用yes或no, 其结构为: Have/Has sb. got + 名词? 回答: Yes, sb. have/has. /No, sb. haven't/hasn't. 例如:

 -- Have you got any storybooks?     -- Yes, I have. /No, I haven't.

 -- Has Mary got any Barbie dolls?    -- Yes, she has. /No, she hasn't.

(2) have got/has got 句型的特殊疑问句

have got/has got 句型的特殊疑问句的结构是:疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序? 例如:

Jim has got a lot of toys in his room. → What has Jim got in his room?

He has got two transformers. →How many transformers has he got?

My parents have got a car. → Whose parents have got a car?

注意: 如果询问的内容是主语部分, 其结构是: 疑问词 + 陈述句语序? 例如:

I have got a lot of books. → Who has got a lot of books?

典型例题

(1)(　　　) -- Who _________ got a long pencil?  -- I _________.

A. has; has    B. have; have   C. has; have

正确答案 C

解题思路 who（谁）表示第三人称单数，后面接 has， I 是第一人称，后面接 have。

(2)(　　　)I _________ any water.

A. don't got   B. have got   C. haven't got

正确答案 C

解题思路 句中有 any，应该用否定形式，只有C是正确的。

三、感叹句

感叹句表达说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等强烈情感，句末用感叹号。一般以what或how引导。

1. What 引导的感叹句

主要修饰名词，根据名词的可数、不可数以及单复数的形式，what 感叹句可分为 两种情况:

（1） What +  a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!例如:

What a lovely dog it is! 多可爱的一只小狗啊!

What an interesting book it is! 这本书真有趣啊!

What a nice school it is! 这学校多美啊!

（2）What + 形容词 + 不可数名词或可数名词的复数 + 主语 + 谓语! 例如:

What fine weather it is! 天气多好啊!

What beautiful flowers they are! 多漂亮的花啊!

What high buildings they are! 多高的建筑啊!

2. How 引导的感叹句

主要修饰形容词或副词，其结构是:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语! 例如:

How naughty he is! 他多调皮啊!

How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊!

How nice our school is! 我们的学校多美啊!

注意: What 和 How 引导的感叹句，句末的“主语 + 谓语”有时在口语中是可以被 省略的，例如:

What a nice school! !

How cool!

典型例题

用 what 或 how 填空

(1) _________ a good boy!

(2) _________ good the boy is!

正确答案 (1) What,  (2) How

解题思路（1）中a good boy是名词词组，所以用what，该句句末省略了he is （主语 + 谓语）。（2）中 good 是形容词，所以用 how，后面的 the boy is 是主语 + 谓语 结构。

练习

一、写出下列词组的缩略形式。

001. I have got __________________   002. she has got __________________

003. they have got __________________  004. we have got __________________

005. he has got __________________   006. you have got __________________

007. has not got __________________   008. have not got __________________

009. it has got __________________   010. who has got __________________

011. there is __________________   012. there are __________________

二、用there be的正确形式填空。

013. _________ some bread in the fridge.

014. _________ any new shoes in that shop?

015. _________ two plants in our office.

016. _________ an English teacher over there?

017. -- _________ four glasses on the table?     -- Yes.

018. _________ any nice rice in the box.

019. _________ one ruler, five books and two pens in the bag.

020. _________ five books, one ruler and two pens in the bag?

021. -- How many cars _________ on the road?     -- There is one.

022. How much juice _________ in the bottle?

三、用have got或has got的正确形式填空。

023. You _________ a nice dog. Peter and Tom _________ a nice dog, too.

024. -- How many books _________ you _________ ?     -- I _________ two.

   -- How many books _________ Tom _________ ?    -- He _________ three.

025. -- _________ you got any brothers?     -- Yes, I _________.

   -- _________ Tom got any brothers?     -- Yes. He _________ two.

026. -- You and he _________ three balls. _________ your sister _________ a ball?

   -- Yes, she _________.

027. -- _________ you _________ any fruit?     -- No, I _________ not.

-- Who _________ some fruit, then?      -- Mike and Tom _________.

028. My friends _________ not got any pets. They _________ some toys.

029. -- Sandy and Carol got a beautiful kite?    -- Yes, they _________.

030. A table _________ four legs. How many legs _________ two tables got?

四、用what或how填空。

031. _________ a beautiful day!

032. _________ interesting the film is!

033. _________ a funny child!

034. _________ a shame!

035. _________ awful the weather is!

036. _________ wonderful the trees are!

037. _________ fast he can walk!

038. _________ tall women they are!

039. _________ a lovely garden!

040. _________ uncomfortable this place is!

五、选择填空。

(　　　)041. There _________ some bread on the plate.

A. is    B. has    C. are

(　　　)042. There _________ a lot of green trees in the park.

A. are    B. aren't    C. have

(　　　)043. There _________ two eggs in the fridge this morning, but now there _________ only one.

A. are ; is   B. were ; was   C. were ; is

(　　　)044. The reporter says that there _________ a heavy rain tomorrow.

A. is    B. was    C. will be

(　　　)045. There _________ a big desk and some small desks in the classroom.

A. is    B. are    C. has

(　　　)046. There _________ three cups and a teapot on the table.

A. is    B. are    C. have

(　　　)047. -- _________ there any water in the glass?    -- Yes, _________.

A. Is ; there's  B. Are ; there are  C. Is ; there is

(　　　)048. There are a lot of _________ in the fridge.

A. meat   B. chicken   C. eggs

(　　　)049. There _________ any children in the park.

A. are    B. aren't    C. isn't

(　　　)050. There aren't _________ books in the bookcase.

A. some   B. a lot of    C. many

(　　　)051. _________ carefully he is crossing the road!

A. How a   B. What    C. How

(　　　)052. _________ big park it is!

A. What   B. What a    C. How

(　　　)053. _________ full basket it is!

A. What   B. What a    C. How

(　　　)054. _________ beautiful the flowers are!

A. What   B. What a    C. How

(　　　)055. _________ lovely girls they are!

A. What   B. What a    C. How

(　　　)056. Tom and I _________ some Chinese stamps.

A. have got  B. has got    C. are

(　　　)057. His father _________ a lot of friends.

A. have got  B. hasn't got   C. has got

(　　　)058. _________ the crayons in the bag?

A. Are   B. Are there   C. Have

(　　　)059. Tom's classmates _________ any skateboards.

A. have got  B. haven't got   C. have got not

(　　　)060. How many books _________ Mary got?

A. have   B. has    C. are there

六、按要求改写句子。

061. There are some boats on the river. (改成否定句)

    __________________________________________________________________

062. There isn't any honey in the jar. (改成肯定句)

    __________________________________________________________________

063. There is a little duck swimming in the river. (改成一般疑问句, 并作肯定回答)

    __________________________________________________________________

064. There were five watches on the desk. (改成一般疑问句, 并作否定回答)

    __________________________________________________________________

065. There are twelve months in a year. (对画线部分提问)

    __________________________________________________________________

066. There are some big elephants in the jungle. (对画线部分提问)

    __________________________________________________________________

067. There are fifteen girls in our class. (对面线部分提问)

    __________________________________________________________________

068. There is a butterfly on the wall. (对画线部分提问)

    __________________________________________________________________

069. Is there a cat beside the door? (用 a dog 改成选择疑问句)

    __________________________________________________________________

070. There are some old dictionaries on the desk. (改成单数句)

    __________________________________________________________________

071. Cindy has got two pairs of gloves. (改成否定句)

    __________________________________________________________________

072. I haven't got any biscuits. (改成肯定句)

    __________________________________________________________________

073. Linda has got some red skirts. (改成一般疑问句, 并作肯定回答)

    __________________________________________________________________

074. He has got a long pencil. (改成复数句)

    __________________________________________________________________

075. Jenny has got ten yuan. (对画线部分提问)

    __________________________________________________________________

076. His brother has got many toys at home. (对画线部分提问)

    __________________________________________________________________

077. May's cousin has got a lot of dolls in her room. (对画线部分提问)

    __________________________________________________________________

078. The children have got five drums in the music room. (对画线部分提问)

    __________________________________________________________________

079. We have got a computer in the study. (对画线部分提问)

    __________________________________________________________________

080. The boy has got a toy racing car. The boy has got a skateboard. (改为选择疑问句)

    __________________________________________________________________

七、根据实际情况回答问题。

081. Have you got a pet?

    __________________________________________________________________

082. How many books have you got?

    __________________________________________________________________

083. Have you got a good friend or not?

    __________________________________________________________________

084. Has your father got a car?

    __________________________________________________________________

085. Has your mother got a car or not?

    __________________________________________________________________

086. What have you got in your room?

    __________________________________________________________________

087. Is there a bookshelf in your room?

    __________________________________________________________________

088. What's in your hand now?

    __________________________________________________________________

089. Is there a garden in your school?

    __________________________________________________________________

090. Are there any computer rooms in your school?

    __________________________________________________________________

八、汉译英。

091.你有一个新年计划吗?是的，我有。

    __________________________________________________________________

092.一只青蛙有四条腿、两只眼睛和一张嘴。

    __________________________________________________________________

093.玛丽有一张北京的照片。北京真美啊!

    __________________________________________________________________

094.孩子们有些什么?他们有许多玩具和拼图。

    __________________________________________________________________

095.教室里有电视机吗?有的。

    __________________________________________________________________

096.你们教室里有一个植物角吗?没有。

    __________________________________________________________________

097.冰箱里有什么?有一些面包和牛奶。

    __________________________________________________________________

098.我们每天上午上四节课。

    __________________________________________________________________

099.你有几张美国邮票?五张。

    __________________________________________________________________

100.今天早上我早饭吃的是一碗面条。

    __________________________________________________________________