北京高考英语语法填空专项训练

这是一份北京高考英语语法填空专项训练，共40页。试卷主要包含了2 cm wide, 16等内容，欢迎下载使用。

语法填空
用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience that was too convenient for my own good: my tablet. I stuck to my workday diet of four newspapers each morning. And that was the problem: I was behaving as if I were still in the office,____1____(stick) to the unending news cycle. My body was on vacation____2____my head wasn’t. So this year I make up my mind to try something different: staying away from the Internet. I know it won’t be easy, but I am determined. A vacation____3____ (suppose) to help you reset your brain to become more productive.

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Traditional Chinese tea-making____4____(consist) of knowledge, skills, and practices about the management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, and the processing, drinking, and sharing of tea. Not only are tea-related customs found across the country, but also they ____5____(influence) the rest of the world since ancient times through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes. Teas have pleased and fascinated the world____6____thousands of years. They have finally received top-level global recognition as a ____7____(share) cultural treasure of humankind.

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Despite the rapid progress of society, there is a widespread recognition that the quality of life in large cities is getting much____8____(bad). The proper way to tackle this problem is developing mixed-use areas. Mixed-use areas, for example, may contain offices and businesses, apartments, and entertainment facilities.____9____(apparent), they attract people who want to live and work in the same area. Therefore, people spend less time in cars driving to work and play, ____10____ in turn reduces pollution and possibly improves the well-being of the population.

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I’ve loved photography since I was a teenager. My parents recorded many home videos of my siblings and me. Cherished family moments ____11____(document). Revisiting them was like opening a treasure chest. I’m grateful for these visual records ____12____ showed our youth and growth. Film had a big influence on me. I love the emotions conveyed by the story on video. For a decade I worked as a freelance filmmaker and photographer. I recorded a wide range of genres, therefore ____13____(collect) tens of thousands of images—both still and moving.

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By drawing patterns such as bamboos on the surface of a cup of tea, Chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick ____14____(go) viral recently. There are a dozen steps, from grinding tea for fine powder, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture for thick froth(泡沫), and finally drawing patterns. Clear water it used to put into the cup. When the water ____15____(touch) the surface of tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The process before drawing is known as “diancha.” The quality of it is crucial to ____16____ the patterns can be successfully produced later.

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When Kylie ____17____ (treat) by Dr. Michelle Lim, one of Australia’s leading scientific experts on loneliness, she talked about her life. ____18____ (drive) by two children and a company, she felt that no one understood her struggles. With her hands so full, she didn’t think it was possible to feel lonely. But she discovered loneliness doesn’t only happen to people ____19____ are isolated. Instead, she said, it was about feeling disconnected from others.

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Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that ____20____ (mark) an increase in knowledge, skills, or understanding thanks to recorded memories. A memory is the fruit of this learning process. You can remember a new piece of information better if you can associate it____21____ previously acquired knowledge. And the more meaningful the association is to you personally, the more effectively it will help you to remember. So taking the time ____22____ (choose) a meaningful association can pay off in the long run.

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In a study, subjects who practiced the made-up language moderately beforehand made ____23____ (few) errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields. High conscientiousness (自觉性) is related to lower job ____24____ (perform), especially in simple jobs where it doesn't pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, ____25____ his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does ____26____ (shock) by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer.

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Growing up in a musical family, Samara Joy tried different music ____27____ (style) when she was a teenager. But ____28____ attracted her most was jazz because of its authenticity (真实性). She told that her songs ____29____ (inspire) by the old jazz songs she liked but with a modern explanation. She was determined to continue seeking to encourage the younger generation to get excited about jazz.

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Pillar coral (柱状珊瑚), ____30____ (find) throughout the Caribbean, is critically endangered now. Its population
____31____ (decline) by more than 80 percent since 1990. ____32____(rise) ocean temperatures and pollution make corals more easily get certain deadly diseases. And the pillar coral is really just the tip of the iceberg ____33____ it comes to the difficulty of corals.

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It’s said that for the Englishman, his house is his castle. However, this does not mean that his house is a beautiful palace that others ____34____ (invite) to see. For the British, the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world. It’s a private place in which he goes to hide away ____35____ the troubles of life. To the American, the home is an expression of ____36____ (he). Much money is often spent on each and every room ____37____ (create) the right “feel” according to the person’s lifestyle. Therefore, he is happy to show his house to others.

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My name is Barbara and I work at a department store. I ____38____(work) there for one year when another Barbara joined the staff. Then I changed my name tag from “Barb” to “Barbie”. ____39____made me feel funny was how small kids talked about me. “Is she really Barbie?” they asked. I changed it at my other job, too and began answering the phone, “This is Barbie. How can I help you?” The callers have gotten used to that over time, ninety percent of ____40____now respond with my name: “Barbie, can you tell me.” Pronouncing that long “e” sound forces your mouth into a smile, but I have found the smile is usually returned voluntarily.

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During the opening ceremony of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, there was a surprise ____41____ (appear) by Hollywood actor Morgan Freeman.  
The American superstar ____42____ (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. It ____43____ (impact) the normal formation of the lower half of the body. But the determined young man refused to let his condition prevent his thirst ____44____ life and decided to take on a range of sports — tackling everything from rock climbing, football, ice hockey to swimming.

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My son Zack suffered from autism (自闭症)when he was two. Watching a movie together was an important routine for us. On an ordinary spring day, we were enjoying one of his favorite movies that he ____45____ (see) many times before. I took his hand as usual. Suddenly he stood up and wrapped his arms around me in a big bear hug. You could imagine ____46____ excited I was. Although it was just a hug, it meant a lot to me, ____47____(fill) me with great joy.

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ChatGPT is a new artificial intelligence technology ____48____(create) by Open AI. It enables machines to understand and respond to human conversations in a ____49____(nature) and conversational way. ChatGPT has shaken the tech world since it was opened for public use last year. While it certainly comes across as knowledgeable, it’s far ____50____ perfect. It cannot answer questions about things that have happened recently because it____51____(train) using data from 2021 and before.

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According to some food experts, it is hardest to give up the food you grow up with. Of course, each person’s comfort food largely depends on the place ____52____ they come — for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, ____53____ (serve) hot, salty and sour. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, ____54____ (give) us the “taste of home” and relieving feelings of homesickness.

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Engineers invented a new device to produce solar electricity at night. Solar panels transform sunlight into energy, so they____55____ (traditional) work only during daylight hours. This device, however ____56____(use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy,_____57_____is transformed into electricity. The device could be helpful in areas_____58_____ (locate) far from a power grid (电网).

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Wang was born and grew up in America, but she____59____(build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. She is now riding a new trend: mixing and matching modern clothes with traditional Han dress, or hanfu. She has been posting videos of ____60____ (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. “I love hanfu. I’ve made many videos,____61____(aim) to help more people learn about it,” Wang told Beijing Review.

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A study showed how much dogs love their owners. In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears____62____(produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. The team then repeated the experiment, this time with dogs that were reunited with their owners____63____being apart for five hours. The results showed dogs only shed tears during the reunions. The team now wants to find out____64____dogs have a similar emotional response when reunited with other dogs.

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As products of nature, shells have developed a bond with people since the period of cavemen, ____65____ images in the cave paintings show them wearing shells. Today, in Fujian Province, experts are turning the natural gifts into shell-carved artworks by ____66____ (integrate) techniques from jade and wood carving, as well as traditional Chinese painting. In 2021, a shell carving art museum was established, where the craft’s history has been publicized. The experts hope they ____67____ (explore) new techniques in the future to carry this ancient craft forward.

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Detecting drugs used to be a special job for dogs, ____68____ now a drug detection team is welcoming some newcomers — squirrels (松鼠). Squirrels have a sharp sense of smell as they can smell food ____69____ about 30 centimeters of snow. Being so small and swift, they are able to search for drugs in areas ____70____ dogs may not be able to arrive. Squirrels have been trained to make noises to catch their handlers’ attention if they detect drugs.

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On a particular sunny day, little Mykel was determined to learn to ride his bike without the help of training wheels. When the neighborhood kids ____71____ (spot) Mykel shakily controlling his bike, they raced over ____72____ (help). Some held the bike steady while others offered encouragement. Mykel was not alone as he tried to reach his goal of learning to ride his bike! Some things are ____73____ (easy) said than done. However, with a little help from friends, things go better!

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Renewable methods for ____74____ (produce) electricity, such as wind turbines and solar panels, can only provide power on the days ____75____ wind blows or the sun shines. Electric batteries ____76____ (use) to store energy are expensive and can also be polluting. Finnish scientists came up with a simple solution that puts unwanted green electricity to work, heating 100 tons of sand to around 500℃. The sand stays hot for months; when energy ____77____ (require), air can be pumped through it and heated up. The air in turn heats a system that supplies hot water to heat nearby houses.

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“Conventional wisdom tells us that we can feel happier if we smile or that we can get ourselves ____78____ a more serious mood if we scowl(怒视),” said Nicholas Coles, a PhD at Utah University. His team combined data from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants and found facial ____79____(express) do have impact on feelings. For example, smiling makes people happier, scowling makes them feel angrier, and frowning makes them ____80____(sad). These finding are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and body interact ____81____(influence) our conscious experience of emotion.

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Beijing Olympic Park, also ____82____ (know) as the Olympic Green, is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, with a total land area of 11.59 square kilometers. The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest” is the centerpiece of the park, ____83____ the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were hosted. The National Aquatics Center or “Water Cube” hosted the swimming, diving and synchronized swimming events. It was transformed ____84____ the “Ice Cube” for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, and detachable curling tracks were built on the swimming pool to host curling events.

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When I was seven years old, I caught a cold and had to stay at home. My parents had  to work, so my neighbor came over to look after me. She read many different books to me ____85____ (patient), including adventures set in ancient times, travel stories, family dramas, historical novels, etc. To my joy, ____86____ (listen) to each book made me feel like watching a movie, but better because books gave much more details than movies. She started my interest in reading. Next year, after graduating from college, I ____87____ (have) a job teaching English. I hope that I can transfer the love of reading to my students.

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World Environment Day (WED) is a day we all need to put in our ____88____ (diary). It happens on June 5 every year and should be one of the most important days of the holiday calendar. WED ____89____ (create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. But it is one of the hottest topics in the world today. WED helps raise worldwide awareness of the threats to our environment. ____90____ people can do that day is to start changing lifestyles to reduce their carbon footprint. Many environmental agencies organize events based on different themes each year. These events encourage both governments and local communities to work together ____91____ (handle) environmental problems.

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I decided to volunteer for this year’s half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee ____92____ (visit) my school. For the previous weeks, I had been trained on ____93____ to be a volunteer for it.
The exciting race began, Cathy and I waited patiently until word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon, we ____94____ (quick) poured water into the cups for them. After the last runner passed, Cathy and I started clearing up. Tired and wet with sweat, we felt good.

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This year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, ____95____ theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It ____96____(carry) out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books displayed in the exhibition were philosophical and artistic, which closely met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year’s book exhibition presented the newest and ____97____(fine) Chinese publications to local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era.

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Smoke jumpers are firefighters, trained to fight fires in places that fire engines can’t reach. They travel in small planes and, ____98____(use) a parachute, jump into remote wild areas to fight fires. Smoke jumpers have to respond quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilot ____99____(drop) team members into the area as needed. Their first job may be to build a fire line to stop the fire from spreading. Water is sent down to them. Smoke jumpers must be ____100____(high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their job is very dangerous.

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Chinese ____101____ (researcher) have deployed an in-situ scientific experiment station on the seabed that will enable long-term uncrewed scientific research in the deep sea. The in-situ scientific experiment station is a new deep-sea system ____102____ (suggest) by China in recent years. Usually, ____103____ (tradition) marine surveys take samples from the seabed and get them tested in the land labs. For in-situ testing in the deep sea, damage or loss of sample data due to environmental changes can ____104____ (avoid).

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Possessing more bamboo than any other country in the world, China is known as the Kingdom of Bamboo. To the Chinese people, bamboo is the symbol of virtue. It has the title of “the gentleman of plants”. It is always ____105____ (close) related to people of positive spirit. For example, ____106____ (it) deep root symbolizes determination, and the straight and hollow stem represents straightness and modesty. Bamboo culture always plays a positive role in encouraging Chinese people to hold on when ____107____ (face) tough situations.

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Last weekend, I participated in a clean-up activity. It was organized by an organization ____108____ aimed to protect natural parks. Our team leader, Joe, ____109____ (take) us to a park outside the city. He divided us into two groups and we worked for several hours. ____110____ made us happy was that the park looked cleaner than it had looked before. It was absolutely worth our effort! There’ll be another clean-up activity in the green belt next Saturday. I’ll join too.

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When I was 14, my father and I took a bike trip to explore the Sideling Hill Tunnel(隧道). After we ____111____(enter) the dark tunnel, I shone my flashlight around and saw walls covered in graffiti(涂鸦). ____112____ I was frightened, with my father’s constant encouragement, I managed to ride out into that bright afternoon at last. This trip always reminds me of my father, ____113____ gives me the courage to keep riding through life’s dark tunnels.

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When Kurt Benirschke started collecting skin ____114____(sample) from rare and endangered animals in 1972, he didn’t have a clear plan on ____115____ could be done with them. He then set up a collection bank called the Frozen Zoo. Benirschke passed away in 2018, ____116____ his efforts are very much alive. Today, the Frozen Zoo is the world’s ____117____(large) animal cryobank, with genetic materials from over 10,500 animals. In 2020, a baby horse known as “Kurt” was born, cloned using cells from the Frozen Zoo.

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Bandung, one of Indonesia’s major cities, is only 150 kilometers from Jakarta, the capital, but the drive is at an average of three hours even with a freeway ____118____(connect) the two cities. Fortunately, a high-speed railway ____119____ (fund) by China is due to open in 2023, and the hours-long travel ____120____ (cut) to 40 minutes. It is part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, and for Indonesia, the beginning of a brand new network of transportation across the country.

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Governments at all levels have made continuous efforts to reduce the financial burden on house renters, especially those  ____121____ are new college graduates. A report by the Meadin Academy says that college graduates ____122____ (survey) prefer to live in apartments near the companies or railway stations to facilitate their commute (通勤). As to house rents, most college graduates still need ____123____ (assistant) from their parents and only about 20 percent of them pay the rent themselves. ____124____ (help) lower the financial burdens of young people, many governments and companies have given their support in house rentals.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
With the popularity of cycling, many cities have combined their tourism characteristics to launch themed routes. From indoor exhibitions ____125____ outdoor concerts and night cycling along the South Central Axis (轴), a series of activities ____126____ (introduce) next month so that urban residents can enjoy themselves. An official of the China Tourism Academy said, “As mass tourism grows in popularity, only high-quality outdoor tourism products can attract visitors and the integration of micro-vacation products with outdoor sports products ____127____ (have) a broad space for development.”

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After earning a master’s degree in 2016, Huang Wenxiu returned to Baise, her hometown, instead of seeking a career in Beijing. “I come from ____128____ remote mountainous village. Quite a number of folks ____129____ (struggle) with poverty there, so all I wish is to do my part to improve their lives,” she once said. Huang volunteered to join the grassroots poverty alleviation (扶贫) effort. She invited experts to tell the villagers ____130____ they could improve production. She persuaded the villagers to expand the planting area and encouraged e-commerce sales. 418 people from 88 households were lifted out of poverty thanks to her efforts.

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When were you born? For most people, this is an easy question. Even those who don’t know their exact birthday can usually figure out when they were born to within a few years. Yet the Internet is full of quizzes____131____ (make) to help you determine in which decade you were born. These are usually based on what____132____ (happen) in American pop culture at the time you first became aware of it. It sounds foolish. But many people, though____133____ (complain) about the stupid quizzes, still take them, wondering ____134____ their answers generate their correct birth year.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My father always tells me not to gossip(八卦) about others behind their backs. When in middle school, I once ____135____ (compete) with another classmate, Amy, for the monitor. To gain an advantage, I invited some classmates to my home and gossiped a lot about Amy. ____136____ (hear) what I said, my father told me, “When your forefinger ____137____ (point) at others’ back, you have other three fingers pointing at ____138____ (you) and fighting back with triple power.”

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When I was a little boy, I ____139____(convince) I wasn’t “smart”. However, Ms. Jambard totally changed me. Ms. Jambard, ____140____ taught me in the fifth grade, took an instant liking to me. Of all the subjects in school, reading was my favorite. She would tell me, “Terry, you keep reading. If you can understand what you’re reading, you’ll be ____141____(smart) than most kids.” I did as she told me to. Soon I couldn’t find enough to read, and I started to ____142____(true) like school. Because of Ms. Jambard’s confidence in me, I went on to have a successful career in engineering and law.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The scientists already knew that keeping cubs(幼兽) safe, healthy, and fed is a full-time job for a female tiger. But they weren’t exactly sure how mother tigers did it. By ____143____(combine) modern technology and traditional tracking, scientists could get a unique look at how Varvara, a momma tiger, managed to get it all ____144____(do). With only an estimated 600 Siberian tigers left in the wild, scientists hope that the more they learn about ____145____ tiger families need, the better humans we’ll be able to keep them safe.

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A warning system ___146___ (prevent) drivers from falling asleep was introduced at the 2020 China International Fair for Trade in Services, which was held from September 4 to 9 in Beijing. The system can judge ___147___ the driver is sleepy by monitoring how long the driver’s eyes close. If the driver is tired, the system will sound an alarm ___148___ the driver’s eyes reopen. In the future, other dangerous driving ___149___ (behave), such as not wearing a seat belt and making phone calls while driving, might also be added into this warning system.

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A London Marathon runner saw a competitor who needed help. The competitor had fallen to the ground, so he picked him up. When he ___150___ (fall) down again, he decided to support him to the finish line 200 metres away. Matthew, the runner who ___151___ (selfless) helped his competitor, became famous on the Internet. The two runners became friends and ___152___ (meet) at next year’s London Marathon, hopefully.

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Sanxingdui Ruins site in Sichuan province, ___153___ (consider) as one of the greatest findings of mankind in the 20th century, has continued to amaze the world. Since May, 2001, more than 500 cultural relics ___154___ (find) at the site, including bronze ware (青铜器), gold and bronze masks and so on. Among them, a gold mask is catching the world’s attention. It’s 37.2 cm wide, 16.5 cm high and ___155___(weigh) about 100 grams, which is strong proof of the existence of ancient Shu state.

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Extreme heat is becoming increasingly common across the globe. It is an ___156___ (extreme)dangerous weather condition where the temperatures are much hotter than average. It’s clear that how hot future summers will get depends on ___157___ humans do to stop climate change.Governments appeal to people to reduce greenhouse ___158___ (gas)—like methane (甲烷) and carbon dioxide (CO2) -in the atmosphere. Also, they will set up public cooling stations ___159___(protect) people at risk.

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I enjoyed a lovable college time both on campus and at home. At college, I joined a variety of clubs to enrich my life. As the term was drawing to an end, I ___160___(plan) to do plenty of things during the vacation. First of all, I wanted to help my mother ___161___ housework. I also wished to finish the thickest book ___162___ had been recommended by my teacher. It turned out that everything went smoothly as I expected.

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Charles Dickens was born on February 7th, 1812, the son of a clerk at the Navy Pay Office. His father,____163____(continuous) living beyond his means, was imprisoned for debt in the Marshalsea in 1824. Twelve-year-old Charles ____164____(remove) from school and sent to work at a boot-blacking factory, earning six shillings a week to help support the family.
This dark experience cast a shadow over the clever, sensitive boy. The childhood poverty and feelings of abandonment would be a heavy influence____165____Dickens’ later views on social reform and the world he would create through his fiction.

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How people think about their competence____166____(influence) how they learn and grow. People with a fixed mindset believe that their talents and qualities are pre-determined and unchanging. Therefore, they easily adopt limiting beliefs about____167____they can and cannot do. This fixed mindset can lead people to avoid challenges, to feel threatened by others’ success, and to turn a deaf ear____168____there is an ethical misbehavior. On the contrary, people driven by growth mindset are more convinced that their____169____(capable) can be developed, thus more motivated to take on challenges and respond well to criticism.
















参考答案：
1．sticking 2．but 3．is supposed

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述作者决定吸取去年旅行的教训，今年旅行时不带笔记本电脑，充分放松自己。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是问题所在：我表现得好像还在办公室里，被无休止的新闻循环所束缚。空处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语I和stick to之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填sticking。
2．考查并列连词。句意：我的身体在度假，但我的大脑却没有。结合句意可知是，上下文是转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。
3．考查固定短语和时态。句意：假期应该能帮助你重新调整大脑，使其更有效率。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，be supposed to“应该做某事”是固定短语，主语是第三人称单数，be用is。故填is supposed。
4．consists 5．have been influencing/have influenced 6．for 7．shared

【导语】这是一篇说明文。传统的中国制茶包括茶园的管理、茶叶的采摘、茶叶的加工、饮用和分享的知识、技能和实践。与茶有关的习俗不仅遍布全国，而且自古以来就通过古丝绸之路和贸易路线影响着世界其他地区。几千年来，茶一直为世界所喜爱和着迷。它们终于得到了全球最高级别的认可，成为人类共同的文化瑰宝。
4．考查时态。句意：传统的中国制茶包括茶园的管理、茶叶的采摘、茶叶的加工、饮用和分享的知识、技能和实践。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Traditional Chinese tea-making，谓语用三单形式。故填consists。
5．考查时态。句意：与茶有关的习俗不仅遍布全国，而且自古以来就通过古丝绸之路和贸易路线影响着世界其他地区。根据后文since ancient times可知表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，动作不间断，应用现在完成进行时；或表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时；主语为they，助动词用have。故填have been influencing/have influenced。
6．考查介词。句意：几千年来，茶一直为世界所喜爱和着迷。后跟一段时间，表示“几千年来”应用介词for。故填for。
7．考查形容词。句意：它们终于得到了全球最高级别的认可，成为人类共同的文化瑰宝。修饰名词treasure应用形容词shared，作定语。故填shared。
8．worse 9．Apparently 10．which

【导语】这是一篇说明文。尽管社会发展迅速，人们普遍认识到大城市的生活质量越来越差。解决这一问题的正确方法是开发综合功能区。例如，混合用途区域可能包含办公室和企业、公寓和娱乐设施。显然，它们吸引了想在同一地区生活和工作的人。因此，人们花更少的时间开车去工作和娱乐，这反过来又减少了污染，并可能改善人们的福祉。
8．考查比较级。句意：尽管社会发展迅速，人们普遍认识到大城市的生活质量越来越差。结合句意和much可知，此处用形容词比较级作表语。故填worse。
9．考查副词。句意：显然，它们吸引了想在同一地区生活和工作的人。修饰后文句子应用副词apparently，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Apparently。
10．考查定语从句。句意：因此，人们花更少的时间开车去工作和娱乐，这反过来又减少了污染，并可能改善人们的福祉。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which引导。故填which。
11．were documented 12．which/that 13．collecting

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的父母在童年为他和兄弟姐妹们录像对他成为一位电影制作人和摄影师的影响。
11．考查动词时态语态。句意：珍贵的家庭时刻被记录下来。空处作谓语，和主语moments为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合上文“recorded”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填were documented。
12．考查定语从句。句意：我很感激这些记录我们青春和成长的影像。空处引导定语从句，先行词records，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：我录制的题材广泛，因此收集了数以万计的图像——有静止的，也有移动的。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词recorded，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，I和collect为逻辑主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填collecting。
14．has gone 15．touches 16．whether

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种古老的中国茶艺——茶百戏。
14．考查动词时态。句意：在一杯茶的表面画上竹子的图案，这是一种古老的中国茶艺，茶百戏，最近在网上疯传。根据时间状语“recently”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为an ancient Chinese tea trick，助动词用has。故填has gone。
15．考查动词时态。句意：当水接触到茶的表面时，它会变成白色，并在20分钟内消失。when引导的时间状语从句缺少谓语动词，主句谓语动词turns是一般现在时，从句也使用一般现在时，主语为the water，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填touches。
16．考查宾语从句。句意：它的质量对于以后是否能成功地制作出图案至关重要。空处引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，从句不缺成分，连接词表示“是否”，需用whether引导。故填whether。
17．was treated 18．Driven 19．who/that

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了凯莉在接受治疗时发现了自己原来是孤独的这一事实。
17．考查时态语态。句意：当凯莉接受澳大利亚顶尖的孤独问题科学专家Michelle Lim博士的治疗时，她谈到了自己的生活。结合主句谓语talked用一般过去时可知，从句主语Kylie和从句谓语动词treat是被动关系，treat用一般过去时的被动语态，从句主语Kylie，从句谓语单数形式，故填was treated。
18．考查过去分词。句意：在两个孩子和一家公司的驱使下，她觉得没有人理解她的挣扎。主句已有谓语felt且无连词，动词drive用非谓语形式，逻辑主语she与动词drive是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Driven。
19．考查定语从句关系词。句意：但她发现孤独不仅仅发生在被孤立的人身上。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
20．marks 21．with 22．to choose

【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了学习是一种相对永久性的行为变化，它标志着由于记录记忆而在知识、技能或理解方面的增长。
20．考查动词。句意：学习是一种相对永久性的行为变化，它标志着由于记录记忆而在知识、技能或理解方面的增长。分析句子可知，该句是定语从句，从句中缺少谓语，that指代先行词behaviour，先行词是单数形式，为保证主谓一致，从句中谓语也要使用单数形式。故填marks。
21．考查介词。句意：如果你能把新信息和之前的知识联系起来，你就能更好地记住新信息。分析句子可知，空处是固定短语associate with，意为“联合；与……联系在一起”。故填with。
22．考查非谓语。句意：所以花点时间选择一个有意义的社团从长远来看会有回报。分析句子可知，空处是固定搭配take time to do sth.，意为“花费时间做……”。故填to choose。
23．fewer 24．performance 25．but/while 26．are shocked

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道体。主要阐述的是一些心理学、职业等方面的实践和研究结果，如人们在学习语言时适度练习会比过度练习或不适当练习表现更好，以及高度自觉性对于简单工作表现的负面影响等。
23．考查比较级。句意：在一项研究中，事先适度练习这门虚构语言的受试者比过度或不练习的受试者犯错更少。根据“moderately”及其反义词“not at all”可知，“中度地”练习比 “不练习”或“过度练习”时犯的错误更少，结合空后than可知空处应为比较级，故填fewer。
24．考查名词。句意：高自觉性与较差的工作表现有关，尤其是在那些追求完美主义无法获得好处的简单工作中。根据空前job及所给提示词可知，job修饰空处名词做定语，故填performance。
25．考查连词。句意：年轻的银行家在自己的办公桌上吃午饭，可能被认为是一个积极主动的人，但那些在轻松的会议室用餐时聊天的同事则会被办公室里的人瞪眼。根据句意可知，空处前后为转折关系，表示“但是”，故填but或while。
26．考查被动语态。句意：那些更加强调人际关系的文化，对于独自在电脑前进餐甚至还会感到震惊。主语cultures为复数，根据句意，“独自在电脑前进餐”是一个普遍现象，用一般现在时态，结合空后by及所给提示词可知，空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，故填are shocked。
27．styles 28．what 29．were inspired

【导语】这是一个记叙文。文章主要介绍了Samara Joy的家庭以及她喜欢的音乐风格。
27．考查名词复数。句意：萨马拉·乔伊生长在一个音乐世家，十几岁的时候就尝试过不同的音乐风格。空前有形容词different，故空处需要填可数名词的复数形式。故填styles。
28．考查主语从句。句意：但最吸引她的是爵士乐，因为它的真实性。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语动词为was，故was前为主语从句；从句中缺少主语，并需要表示“什么（东西）”，故需要用连接代词what。故填what。
29．考查动词语态。句意：她说，她的歌曲灵感来自她喜欢的老爵士歌曲，但有一个现代的解释。结合题干，此处需要填从句中的谓语动词，其中时态需要和主句中的told进行对应，用一般过去时态；her songs和inspire为动宾关系，her songs为复数，故需要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were inspired。
30．found 31．has declined 32．Rising 33．when

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是遍布加勒比海的柱状珊瑚现在濒临灭绝。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：遍布加勒比海的柱状珊瑚现在濒临灭绝。句中is是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，Pillar coral和find之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填found。
31．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自1990年以来，它的人口减少了80%以上。由“since 1990”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语population是不可数名词，因此空格处是has declined。故填has declined。
32．考查形容词。句意：不断上升的海洋温度和污染使珊瑚更容易患上某些致命疾病。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词“ocean temperatures and pollution”，根据语境可知，句子表示“不断上升的海洋温度和污染使珊瑚更容易患上某些致命疾病”，空格处意为“不断上升的”，是形容词rising，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Rising。
33．考查固定短语。句意：当谈到珊瑚的困难时，柱状珊瑚真的只是冰山一角。when it comes to是固定短语，意为“当谈到”，因此空格处是when。故填when。
34．are invited 35．from 36．himself 37．to create

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“房屋”对英国人和美国人分别意味着什么。
34．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然而，这并不意味着他的房子是一个美丽的宫殿，其他人都会被邀请来参观。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语others与invite为动宾关系，表示“被邀请”，故需要用到被动语态；文章为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态。故填are invited。
35．考查介词。句意：这是他躲避生活烦恼的私人场所。结合句意，表示“躲避”为固定短语hide away from。故填from。
36．考查反身代词。句意：对于美国人来说，房屋就是表达他自己的一种方式。结合句意可知，空处需要填反身代词表示“美国人自己”；根据谓语动词is和宾语an expression可知，此处反身代词需要用单数形式，在性别有男有女时，用himself代指。故填himself。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：通常会在每个房间都花很多钱，以根据人们的生活方式来创造一种合适的“感觉”。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is spent，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；结合句意，表示“来……”为目的，故用to do不定式的形式。故填to create。
38．had worked 39．What 40．whom

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在一家百货公司工作时，另一位和作者同名的人也加入进来的趣事。
38．考查时态。句意：我在那里工作了一年之后，另一个Barbara加入了工作。由“when another Barbara joined the staff”可知，当另一个Barbara加入了工作时，“我”已经工作一年了，空格处用过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去，因此空格处是had worked。故填had worked。
39．考查主语从句。句意：让我觉得好笑的是小孩子们怎么谈论我。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处指“小孩子们怎么谈论我”这件事，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。
40．考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，来百货公司的的人已经习惯了，现在90%的人对我名字的反应是“芭比，你能告诉我吗？”空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词callers是人，因此空格处用whom，故填whom。
41．appearance 42．was spotted 43．impacts 44．for

【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了卡塔尔世界杯与超级巨星摩根弗里曼一起出现的卡塔尔男孩——身残志坚的Al Muftah。
41．考查名词。句意：在2022年卡塔尔世界杯的开幕式上，好莱坞演员摩根·弗里曼 (Morgan Freeman) 惊奇现身。不定冠词修饰单数名词，故填appearance。
42．考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这位美国超级巨星和一位身体有缺陷的年轻卡塔尔男孩一起出现。分析句子可知，spot作谓语，与主语superstar是被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填was spotted。
43．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它影响下半身的正常形成。分析句子可知，impact作谓语，it指代上文提到的CRS，主语和谓语之间是主动关系，且主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述事实用一般现在时，故填impacts。
44．考查介词。句意：但是，这位意志坚强的年轻人拒绝让他的疾病阻止他对生活的热爱，决定进行一系列运动——从攀岩、足球、冰球到游泳，无所不包。thirst for“渴望”是固定短语，故填for。
45．had seen 46．how 47．filling

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子患有自闭症，某天他们一起看电影的时候儿子拥抱了作者，让作者非常触动和高兴。
45．考查时态。句意：在一个普通的春日，我们正在欣赏他最喜欢的电影之一，他以前看过很多次。根据后文many times before可知表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had seen。
46．考查宾语从句。句意：突然，他站了起来，紧紧地抱住我。你可以想象我有多兴奋。引导宾语从句，表示“多么激动”应用how excited。故填how。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然只是一个拥抱，但它对我来说意义重大，让我充满了巨大的喜悦。分析句子结构可知fill与逻辑主语hug构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填filling。
48．created 49．natural 50．from 51．is trained

【导语】这是一篇说明文。ChatGPT是Open AI创造的一种新的人工智能技术。它使机器能够以自然和对话的方式理解和回应人类的对话。自去年开放给公众使用以来，ChatGPT已经撼动了科技界。虽然它看起来很有知识，但它远非完美。它无法回答关于最近发生的事情的问题，因为它使用的是2021年及之前的数据。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：ChatGPT是Open AI创造的一种新的人工智能技术。分析句子结构可知create与逻辑主语a new artificial intelligence technology构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填created。
49．考查形容词。句意：它使机器能够以自然和对话的方式理解和回应人类的对话。修饰名词way应用形容词natural，作定语。故填natural。
50．考查介词。句意：虽然它看起来很有知识，但它远非完美。短语far from表示“远非”。故填from。
51．考查时态语态。句意：它无法回答关于最近发生的事情的问题，因为它使用的是2021年及之前的数据。主语与谓语构成被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填is trained。
52．where 53．served 54．giving

【导语】本文是说明文。根据一些食品专家的说法，放弃伴随你长大的食物是最难的。每个人的舒适食物在很大程度上取决于他们来的地方，一口安慰的食物带我们回到我们的文化根源，给我们“家的味道”，缓解乡愁。
52．考查定语从句。句意：当然，每个人的舒适食物在很大程度上取决于他们来的地方——对中国人来说，可能是一盘饺子和一碟醋，而对英国人来说，可能是经典的炸鱼薯条，热热的、咸咸的、酸酸的被端上来。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰the place，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故填where。
53．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，serve用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语the classic fish and chips是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填served。
54．考查非谓语动词。句意：一口安慰的食物带我们回到我们的文化根源，给我们“家的味道”，缓解乡愁。分析句子可知，give用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语One mouthful of comfort food是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填giving。
55．traditionally 56．uses 57．which 58．located

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了工程师发明了一种在夜间也能生产太阳能电力的设备。
55．考查副词。句意：太阳能电板将阳光转化为能量，因此它们只能传统地在白天的时候发挥作用。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，修饰动词work，故应用副词“traditionally传统地”修饰，故填traditionally。
56．考查时态。句意：然而，这一设备使用了一个热电发电机，利用温差产生能量。此处this device作主语，为单数，与谓语动词use之间为主动关系，且根据后文的creates可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填uses。
57．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这就变成了能量，再转化成电能。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为energy，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故填which。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一设备对那些离电网很远的地区来说，是很有帮助的。此处作定语，修饰areas，areas与locate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。
59．has built 60．herself 61．aiming

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了出生在美国的王女士从小就喜欢中国文化，她经常上传自己穿着汉服的视频，她说她喜欢汉服，想要更多的人了解它。
59．考查时态。句意：王女士出生并长在美国，但是从她是个小女孩的时候，她就和中国文化产生了牢固的联系。此处主语为she，build为谓语动词，主语she与build之间为主动关系，且根据后文的时间状语从句since she was a little girl可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has built。
60．考查代词。句意：她一直在网上上传她穿着汉服的视频，这吸引了很多喜欢中国生活方式的人。此处of是介词，后跟宾语，且主语为she，此处意为“她自己”，故应用反身代词herself作宾语，故填herself。
61．考查现在分词。句意：我录了很多视频，是为了帮助更多的人了解它。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，aim与主语I之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填aiming。
62．were produced 63．after 64．whether/if

【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示狗狗有多爱它们的主人。在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。然后，研究小组重复了这个实验，这次是在分别5小时后与主人团聚的狗。结果显示，狗只在团聚时流泪。研究小组现在想知道，当狗和其他狗团聚时，是否会有类似的情绪反应
62．考查时态语态。句意：在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。根据“they were”可知，主句为一般过去时，主语tears与谓语produce为被动关系。故填were produced。
63．考查介词。句意：然后，研究小组重复了这个实验，这次是在分别5小时后与主人团聚的狗。根据句意可知，空处填介词after。故填after。
64．考查连接词。句意：研究小组现在想知道，当狗和其他狗团聚时，是否会有类似的情绪反应。find out后接宾语从句，根据句意可知，表示“是否”，用连接词whether或者if。故填whether/if。
65．whose 66．integrating 67．will explore

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍将贝壳作为艺术品。
65．考查定语从句。句意：贝壳作为自然的产物，自穴居人时期就与人类产生了联系，洞穴壁画中的穴居人就穿着贝壳。句中先行词为cavemen，在非限定性定语从句中作名词images的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，在福建省，专家们将玉雕、木雕以及中国传统绘画的技术结合起来，将这些天然礼物变成了贝壳雕刻艺术品。介词by后接动名词形式。故填integrating。
67．考查时态。句意：专家们希望他们能在未来探索新的技术，将这项古老的工艺发扬光大。根据时间状语in the future可知，用一般将来时。故填will explore。
68．but/yet/while 69．under/beneath 70．where

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了缉毒松鼠。
68．考查连词。句意：缉毒曾是狗狗们的特殊工作，但现在一支缉毒队迎来了新成员——松鼠。结合句意可知，前后句是转折关系，可用连词but/yet/while连接，故填but/yet/while。
69．考查介词。句意：松鼠的嗅觉非常灵敏，因为它们可以在30厘米厚的雪下闻到食物。根据“about 30 centimeters of snow”可知，此处指“在30厘米厚的雪下面”，用介词under或beneath。故填under/beneath。
70．考查定语从句。句意：由于体型小、速度快，它们能够在狗狗无法到达的地方寻找毒品。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是areas，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，故填where。
71．spotted 72．to help 73．easier

【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Mykel学习骑自行车时得到周围孩子的帮助的故事。
71．考查一般过去时。句意：当邻居的孩子们发现Mykel摇摇晃晃地控制着他的自行车时，他们跑过去帮忙。根据上文的时间状语“On a particular sunny day”及主句中的“raced”可知，文章是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填spotted。
72．考查动词不定式。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。
73．考查形容词比较级。句意：有些事说起来容易做起来难。根据than可知此处应用形容词比较级。故填easier。
74．producing 75．when 76．used 77．is required

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了芬兰科学家提出的一个利用沙子的可再生发电方式。
74．考查非谓语动词。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。空前为介词for，故空处需要填动名词doing的形式构成“介宾”结构。故填producing。
75．考查定语从句。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词the days，表“时间”，从句中不缺主、宾、表和定语，故填关系副词。故填when。
76．考查非谓语动词。句意：用来储存能量的电池价格昂贵，而且会造成污染。本句已有动词are,且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词与空前名词之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。故填used。
77．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当需要能量时，空气可以通过它来加热。结合句意可知，此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态即可；动词require和单数主语energy为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be done的形式。故填is required。
78．in 79．expressions 80．sadder 81．to influence

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现面部表情对情绪有影响。
78．考查介词。句意：犹他大学的尼古拉斯·科尔斯博士说:“传统观念告诉我们，微笑会让我们感到更快乐，皱眉会让我们的心情更严肃。”in a more serious mood为固定短语，意为“处于更严肃的情绪”。故填in。
79．考查名词。句意：他的团队综合了对1.1万多名参与者进行的138项研究的数据，发现面部表情确实对情绪有影响。分析句子可知，“facial 　　2　　(express) do have impact on feelings”是宾语从句，提示词是从句中主语，应用名词expression作主语，结合谓语中助动词do可知，主语是复数名词。故填expressions。
80．考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，微笑让人更快乐，皱眉让人更生气，皱眉让人更悲伤。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，且空处和happier，angrier并列，空处需填形容词比较级作宾语补足语。故填sadder。
81．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些发现令人兴奋，因为它们提供了一个线索，说明大脑和身体是如何相互作用，影响我们对情感的有意识体验的。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to influence。
82．known 83．where 84．into/to

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了北京奥林匹克公园。
82．考查非谓语动词。句意：北京奥林匹克公园，又称奥林匹克公园，位于北京市朝阳区，总土地面积11.59平方公里。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，主语Beijing Olympic Park与know之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。
83．考查定语从句。句意：著名的国家体育馆或者“鸟巢”是公园的中心，在这里举办了2022年北京冬奥会的开幕式和闭幕式。根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest”，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。故填where。
84．考查介词。句意：为2022年北京冬奥会和残运会，将它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建造了可拆卸的冰壶跑道，以举办冰壶比赛。根据句意可知，此处意为“转变为，改变为”，表达为be transformed into/to。故填into/to。
85．patiently 86．listening 87．will have/am going to have

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候，邻居激发了作者的阅读兴趣。
85．考查副词。句意：她耐心地给我读了很多不同的书，包括古代冒险故事、旅行故事、家庭剧、历史小说等。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填patiently。
86．考查非谓语动词。句意：让我高兴的是，每听一本书都让我感觉像在看电影，但更好，因为书比电影提供了更多的细节。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填listening。
87．考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am going to have。
88．diaries 89．was created 90．What 91．to handle

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日。
88．考查名词的数。句意：世界环境日是我们每个人都需要记在日记里的一天。名词diary为可数名词，根据形容词性物主代词our可知，用名词的复数形式。故填diaries。
89．考查时态语态。句意：世界环境日由联合国大会于1972年创立。根据时间状语in 1972可知，用一般过去时。主语WED是单数，与create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was created。
90．考查名词性从句。句意：人们在这一天能做的就是开始改变生活方式来减少碳足迹。本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。
91．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些活动鼓励政府和当地社区共同努力解决环境问题。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。
92．visited 93．how 94．quickly

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加今年的半程马拉松比赛志愿者活动的过程。
92．考查动词时态。句意：在组委会主席参观我的学校后，我决定志愿参加今年的半程马拉松比赛。句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填visited。
93．考查疑问词。句意：在之前的几周里，我一直在接受如何成为一名志愿者的培训。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用“疑问词+to do”结构，作on的宾语，表示“如何”，应用how。故填how。
94．考查副词。句意：激动人心的比赛开始了，凯茜和我耐心地等待着，直到第一批选手即将到来的消息传开，我们迅速地把水倒进杯子里。此处修饰动词poured，应用副词，作状语。故填quickly。
95．whose 96．carried 97．finest

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展，并且介绍了活动内容及展出书目等详细情况。
95．考查定语从句。句意：今年，以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展于1月24日在全球85家书店举行。分析句子可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，因此需使用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
96．考查时态。句意：此次图书展将会开展书展、文艺演出等多种活动。分析句子可知，空处与主语it构成主动关系且陈述过去事实，因此可使用过去式。故填carried。
97．考查形容词最高级。句意：总的来说，今年的书展向当地读者展示了最新、最好的中国出版物，让他们更好地了解新时代的中国。由并列连词and和the newest（最新的）可知，空处应使用形容词最高级。故填finest。
98．using 99．drops/will drop 100．highly

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了跳伞灭火工作人员的工作方式，内容和条件。
98．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们乘坐小型飞机旅行，并使用降落伞跳入偏远的荒野地区灭火。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“travel”和“jump”，连词为“and”，故提示词应为非谓语动词。照应主语“They”，为逻辑上的主动关系，故用doing形式作方式状语。故填using。
99．考查谓语动词。句意：当火势还很小时，飞行员会根据需要将队员空投到该地区。分析句子成分可知，本句为“While”引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，故主句应用一般将来时。另外，本句也可理解为客观描述，可用一般现在时。故填drops/will drop。
100．考查副词。句意：跳伞灭火员必须训练有素，非常有经验和非常健康。根据空前后为谓语动词“must be trained”可知，应为副词修饰动词。故填highly。
101．researchers 102．suggested 103．traditional 104．be avoided

【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国研究人员在海底部署了原位科学实验站，使得深海科学研究成为可能，文章介绍了实验站的工作原理。
101．考查名词。句意：中国研究人员已经在海底部署了一个原位科学实验站，这将使长期无人在深海进行科学研究成为可能。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作主语，应用名词，结合谓语动词have deployed可知，谓语为复数形式，故主语也需用复数形式。故填researchers。
102．考查非谓语动词。句意：原位科学实验站是近年来中国提出的一种新型深海系统。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为a new deep-sea system，和动词suggest二者之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，此处整个分词短语作后置定语。故填suggested。
103．考查形容词。句意：通常，传统的海洋调查从海底采集样本，然后在陆地实验室进行测试。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰后面的marine surveys，此处应填形容词，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，表示“传统的”。故填traditional。
104．考查动词语态。句意：在深海进行原位测试，可以避免由于环境变化造成样品数据的损坏或丢失。分析句子可知，设空处在句中和前面的can一起构成谓语，主语为damage or loss of sample data，与avoid之间为被动关系，故此处应用被动语态be done结构。故填be avoided。
105．closely 106．its 107．facing

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竹子在中国所象征的意义。
105．考查副词。句意：它总是与人的积极精神密切相关。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰后面的形容词related，故应用副词形式，结合句意可知，此处表示“密切相关”，应用closely，表示“紧密地、密切地”。故填closely。
106．考查代词。句意：例如，它的深根象征决心，而直而中空的茎代表正直和谦虚。分析句子可知，设空处在句中限定后面的deep root，结合句意及提示词可知，此处表示“它的深根”，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
107．考查非谓语动词。句意：竹文化一直在鼓励中国人面对困难时坚持不懈地发挥着积极的作用。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为Chinese people，二者之间为主动关系，应用现在分词doing；此处是一个when引导的时间状语从句的省略，原句应为when they are facing tough situations，此处将主语和be动词省略了。故填facing。
108．which/that 109．took 110．What

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者参与清扫活动的经历。
108．考查定语从句。句意：它是由一个旨在保护自然公园的组织组织的。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词organization，这是一个定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词表示物，故可用which或that引导。故填which或that。
109．考查动词时态。句意：我们的领队乔带我们去城外的一个公园。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词，其主语为our team leader，二者之间为主动关系，用主动语态，结合上下文动词时态可知，本文通篇都在描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填took。
110．考查名词性从句。句意：使我们高兴的是公园看起来比以前干净多了。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，整个从句作was的主语，这是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示物，应用what引导，设空处位于句首，需首字母大写。故填What。
111．entered 112．Although/Though/While 113．who

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的一次和父亲的探险经历，这次经历让作者领会了要穿越生活的黑暗隧道。
111．考查时态。句意：我们进入黑暗的隧道后，我用手电筒照了照四周，看到墙上满是涂鸦。逗号前在句中为时间状语从句，空处作从句的谓语，结合主句中shone和saw可知，空处的时态为一般过去时，所以填entered，故填entered。
112．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管我很害怕，但是在父亲的不断鼓励下，最后我终于在那个晴朗的下午骑车出了隧道。结合空后“I was frightened, with my father’s constant encouragement, I managed to ride out”可知，逗号前的内容在句中为让步状语从句，所以此处填although/though/while，因处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
113．考查定语从句。句意：这次旅行总是让我想起我的父亲，他给我勇气继续穿越生活的黑暗隧道。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为my father，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who，故填who。
114．samples 115．what 116．but 117．largest

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了库尔特 · 贝尼尔施克的生平和贡献。
114．考查名词复数。句意：当库尔特·贝尼尔施克(Kurt Benirschke)在1972年开始收集稀有和濒危动物的皮肤样本时，他并没有一个关于如何处理这些皮肤样本的明确计划。空处在句中作宾语，所以用名词。结合空后“rare and endangered animals”可知，此处指那些稀有和濒危动物的皮肤样本，所以为复数含义，故填samples。
115．考查宾语从句连接词。句意同上。分析可知，空处及之后的内容作介词on的宾语从句，空处作从句的主语，表示做什么，所以用连接代词what。故填what。
116．考查连词。句意：贝尼尔施克于2018年去世，但他的成就仍然继续存在。分析句子可知，空处前后内容的关系为转折关系，所以填连词but，故填but。
117．考查最高级。句意：今天，冷冻动物园是世界上最大的动物冷冻库，拥有超过10,500种动物的基因材料。结合空前the world’s可知，此处用最高级。故填largest。
118．connecting 119．funded 120．will be cut

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由中国修建的连接印尼雅加达和万隆的高铁，它是中国“一带一路”倡议的一部分，对印度尼西亚来说，这是全国全新交通网络的开端。
118．考查非谓语动词。句意：万隆是印尼的主要城市之一，距离首都雅加达只有150公里，但即使有高速公路连接两个城市，车程也平均需要3个小时。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，宾语a freeway和设空处之间为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作宾语补足语，故填connecting。
119．考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，一条由中国投资的高铁将于2023年开通。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语a high-speed railway之间是逻辑的被动关系。应用动词的过去分词的形式作后置定语。故填funded。
120．考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：长达数小时的行程将缩短至40分钟。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in 2023，可知句子的时态为一般将来时，设空处为一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be cut。
121．who 122．surveyed 123．assistance 124．To help

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了各级政府不断努力减轻租房者的经济负担，特别是刚毕业的大学生。
121．考查定语从句。句意：各级政府不断努力减轻租房者的经济负担，特别是刚毕业的大学生。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，所以此处用关系代词who，故填who。
122．考查非谓语动词。句意：Meadin Academy的一份报告称，接受调查的大学毕业生更喜欢住在公司或火车站附近的公寓里，以方便他们上下班。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的宾语从句中作定语，修饰主语college graduates，从句的谓语prefer，动词survey和句子主语为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词surveyed，故填surveyed。
123．考查名词。句意：至于房租，大多数大学毕业生仍然需要父母的帮助，只有20% 左右的大学毕业生自己付房租。空处在句中作动词need的宾语，所以用名词assistance，为不可数名词，故填assistance。
124．考查非谓语。句意：为了帮助减轻年轻人的经济负担，许多政府和公司在房屋租赁方面给予了支持。分析句子可知，逗号前的所有内容在句中为目的状语，表示“政府和公司在房屋租赁方面给予支持”的目的，所有用不定式。因处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填To help。
125．to 126．will be introduced 127．has / will have

【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着自行车运动的普及，许多城市结合自己的旅游特色开辟了主题路线。文章讲述了下个月即将要举行一系列活动，让市民可以尽情享受。
125．考查介词。句意：从室内展览到户外音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，下个月将推出一系列活动，让市民可以尽情享受。固定结构：from...to...“从……到……”，结合句意，此处指从室内展览到户外音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，表示活动种类多。故填to。
126．考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：同上。空处在句中为谓语，结合空后“next month”可知，时态为一般将来时；句子主语“a series of activities”和动词“introduce”为动宾关系，所以此处用被动语态。故填will be introduced。
127．考查时态。句意：“随着大众旅游的普及，只有高质量的户外旅游产品才能吸引游客，且将微型度假产品与户外运动产品相结合，（将会）具有广阔的发展空间。”分析句子可知，空处为and后的并列句中的谓语，结合句意，这里可以表示一般性事实，用一般现在时，也可以表示将来的情况，用一般将来时，主语是单数，所以空处可以用has/will have，故填has/will have。
128．a 129．are struggling/have been struggling 130．how

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了黄文绣（音译）回到自己的家乡百色，帮助家乡摆脱贫困的故事。
128．考查冠词。句意：我来自一个偏远的山村。village“村庄”为可数名词，此处使用了单数，空后形容词remote的首个音素为辅音，所以此处用不定冠词a，表示泛指。故填a。
129．考查时态。句意：在那里很多人与贫困作斗争，所以我希望的所有的就是尽自己的一份力量来改善他们的生活。空处在句中为谓语，本句话为直接引语，所以时态可以用现在进行时，也可以表示动作一直以来都在发生，且还将继续持续，所以用现在完成进行时。句子主语“a number of folks”为复数含义，所以助动词也用复数。故填are struggling/ have been struggling。
130．考查宾语从句。句意：她邀请专家告诉村民们如何提高产量。分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容为动词tell的宾语从句，空处作从句中的方式状语，所以用连接副词how，故填how。
131．made 132．was happening 133．complaining 134．if/whether

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了互联网上充满了帮助你确定你出生在哪个年代的测验，这些测试是基于你第一次意识到美国流行文化时所发生的事情，尽管许多人感觉这些测试很愚蠢，但是他们还是会做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否符合他们正确的出生年份。
131．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，互联网上充满了帮助你确定你出生在哪个年代的测验。句中有谓语动词is，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词quizzes，动词make和quizzes是被动关系，因为make quizzes意为“做测试”，此处“测试是被做”，所以此处应用过去分词made作后置定语，故填made。
132．考查时态。句意：这些通常是基于你第一次意识到美国流行文化时所发生的事情。what引导宾语从句，空处在从句中作谓语，由at the time you first became aware of it可知，句子描述过去当下时间点发生的事，应用过去进行时，故填was happening。
133．考查状语从句的省略。句意：但是许多人，虽然一边抱怨愚蠢的测验，但一边却仍然做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否产生正确的出生年份。此处是though引导的状语从句的省略，从句主语和主句主语是同一主语，所以从句省略主语和系动词，从句主语many people和动词complain是主动关系，应用现在分词形式和系动词are构成现在进行时，即完整句子为though many people are complaining about the stupid quizzes，省略句为：though complaining about the stupid quizzes，故填complaining。
134．考查宾语从句。句意：但是许多人，虽然一边抱怨愚蠢的测验，但一边却仍然做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否产生正确的出生年份。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，根据句意可知，此处表示“是否”，应用不做成分，只起连接作用的if/whether来引导，故填if/whether。
135．competed 136．Hearing/Having heard 137．points/is pointing 138．yourself

【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者父亲教导自己不要在背后八卦别人。
135．考查时态。句意：在中学的时候，我曾经和另一个同学Amy竞争班长一职。空处为谓语动词，根据“When in middle school”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填competed。
136．考查非谓语动词。句意：听了我的话，父亲告诉我：“当你用食指指着别人的时候，你就用另外三个手指指着自己，而且三倍的力量回击。”分析句子可知，hear与其逻辑主语my father之间是主动关系，结合句意，hear所表示的动作可以理解为与“my father told me”同时发生，用现在分词的一般式hearing作状语，也可以理解为发生在“my father told me”之前，用现在分词的完成式having heard作状语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Hearing/Having heard。
137．考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，point是时间状语从句中的谓语动词，与主语your forefinger之间是主动关系，结合句意，此处可以理解为普遍现象，用一般现在时，也可以理解为强调正在发生，用现在进行时，主语your forefinger是名词单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。故填points/is pointing。
138．考查反身代词。句意同上。根据句意可知，此处表示“你用你的另外三个手指指着自己”，宾语与主语是同一指代对象，且此处表示“你自己”，应用反身代词yourself作宾语。故填yourself。
139．was convinced 140．who 141．smarter 142．truly

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小被人说“不聪明”，长大后因为一位老师而改变了对自己的看法，从此有了自信，并在机械工程和法学上获得成功的故事。
139．考查动词的语态。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我坚信我不“聪明”。分析句子成分可知，主语I和谓语动词convince表示“说服”为动宾关系，意为“我被说服”，故需要用被动语态；由从句中was可知，主句也需要用一般过去时态进行对应。故填was convinced。
140．考查定语从句。句意：Jambard老师是我五年级的老师，她立刻喜欢上了我。分析句子成分可知，____2____ taught me in the fifth grade为非限制性定语从句，前文由逗号隔开，先行词为Ms. Jambard，表人，故需要填关系代词who在从句中作主语。故填who。
141．考查形容词的比较级。句意：如果你能理解你所读的东西，你就会比大多数孩子都要聪明。根据空后的than可知，空处需要填形容词的比较级；提示词smart意为“聪明的”，其比较级形式为smarter。故填smarter。
142．考查副词。句意：很快，我就找不到足够的书来读了，并且我开始真正喜欢上学。分析句子可知，空处用于修饰后文动词like，故需要填副词；提示词true为形容词，表示“真的”，其副词形式为truly，符合句意。故填truly。
143．combinig 144．done 145．what

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是科学家们为保护野生西伯利亚虎所作出的努力。
143．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过结合现代技术和传统跟踪，科学家们可以以独特的方式观察Varvara，一只虎妈妈，是如何完成这一切的。设空处在句中作非谓语，空前为介词by，设空处应用动名词作宾语。故填combining。
144．考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作非谓语，和逻辑主语all之间是逻辑的被动关系，应用动词的过去分词作宾语补足语。故填done。
145．考查连词。句意：据估计，野生西伯利亚虎只剩下600只，科学家们希望他们对老虎家族的需求了解得越多，人类就能更好地保护它们的安全。设空处引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what。故填what。
146．to prevent 147．whether 148．until 149．behaviours/behaviors

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。2020中国国际服务贸易交易会于9月4日至9日在北京举行，会上推出了防止司机睡着的预警系统。文章介绍了这一系统的工作方式。
146．考查非谓语动词。句意：2020中国国际服务贸易交易会于9月4日至9日在北京举行，会上推出了防止司机睡着的预警系统。此处修饰system用不定式作后置定语。故填to prevent。
147．考查宾语从句。句意：该系统可以通过监测司机眼睛闭上的时间来判断司机是否困了。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether。故填whether。
148．考查状语从句。句意：如果司机累了，系统会发出警报，直到司机的眼睛重新睁开。引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”应用until。故填until。
149．考查名词。句意：在未来，其他危险的驾驶行为，如不系安全带和开车时打电话，可能也会加入到这个警告系统中。作主语，且由other修饰应用复数名词behaviours或behaviors。故填behaviours/behaviors。
150．fell 151．selflessly 152．will meet

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是马拉松选手马修在比赛中帮助竞争对手，并和对手成为了好朋友。
150．考查时态。句意：当他再次跌倒时，他决定扶着他到200米外的终点线。空处在时间状语从句中作谓语，结合主句中decided可知，此处的时态为一般过去时，故填fell。
151．考查副词。句意：马修，那个无私地帮助他的竞争对手的赛跑者，在互联网上出名了。空格处用副词修饰动词helped，selfless的副词是selflessly，意为“无私地”，故填selflessly。
152．考查时态。句意：这两位选手成为了朋友，并有望在明年的伦敦马拉松比赛上相遇。由next year’s可知，句子用一般将来时，因此空格处是will meet，故填will meet。
153．considered 154．have been found 155．weighs

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三星堆遗址。
153．考查非谓语动词。句意：四川省的三星堆遗址被认为是20世纪人类最伟大的发现之一，一直在让世界惊叹。分析句子可知，consider是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The Sanxingdui Ruins site之间是被动关系，应用过去分词considered表被动，作后置定语。故填considered。
154．考查动词时态语态。句意：自2001年5月以来，在该遗址发现了500多件文物，包括青铜器、黄金和青铜面具等。提示词是谓语动词，与主语more than 500 cultural relics之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“Since May, 2001”可知，应用现在完成时态，主语是复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been found。
155．考查动词时态语态。句意：它宽37.2厘米，高16.5厘米，重约100克，是古蜀国存在的有力证据。分析句子可知，提示词与is是并列关系，是谓语动词，陈述客观事情，用一般现在时态；weigh表示“重……”，是不及物动词，无被动语态；主语It是单数代词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填weighs。
156．extremely 157．what 158．gases 159．to protect

【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要说明极热天气在全球正变得越来越普遍，政府呼吁人们减少温室气体的排放，采取措施阻止气候的改变。
156．考查副词。句意：这是一种极度危险的天气条件，在这种天气下，气温远高于平均温度。分析句子可知，此处应为副词，修饰形容词“dangerous”。故填extremely。
157．考查宾语从句。句意：显然，未来夏天有多热取决于人类做什么来阻止气候改变。分析句子可知，“depends on”后跟宾语从句，所以此处应为连接词，在从句中作“do”的宾语，表示做什么事情，用连接代词what。故填what。
158．考查名词。句意：政府呼吁人们减少温室气体-像甲烷和二氧化碳-排放到大气中。分析句子可知，此处应为名词；根据破折号后面列举的甲烷和二氧化碳可知，gas应用复数形式。故填gases。
159．考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，他们也希望建立公共制冷站以保护有风险的人们。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词；根据句意，建立制冷站的目的是保护有风险的人，所以应用动词不定式to protect，作目的状语。故填to protect。
160．planned 161．with 162．that

【导语】本文为一篇记叙文的节选。这一部分主要描述了作者对即将到来的假期生活的计划。
160．考查动词时态。句意：随着这学期即将结束，我计划在假期期间做大量的事情。根据句中“as”引导的状语从句的谓语动词“was drawing”，并结合句意，此处应用一般过去时。故答案为planned。
161．考查介词和动词短语。句意：首先，我想帮妈妈做些家务。分析句子可知，此处应用介词；动词短语help sb with sth意为：帮助某人某事，符合句意。故答案为with。
162．考查定语从句。句意：我也希望看完老师推荐的最厚的那本书。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“the thickest book”,关系代词在定语从句中作主语；因“book”前有最高级“thickest”修饰，只能用关系代词that。故答案为that。
163．continuously 164．was removed 165．on/over/upon

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了查尔斯·狄更斯的人生经历故事。
163．考查副词。句意：他的父亲一直入不敷出，1824年因债务被囚禁在马绍尔西。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词continuously修饰动词短语live beyond his means。故填continuously。
164．考查动词。句意：12岁的查尔斯被勒令退学，被送到一家擦鞋厂工作，每周挣6先令，以贴补家用。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由and连接的sent可知，此处为动词一般过去时，结合句意可知，主语Charles和动词remove为被动关系，故为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填was removed。
165．考查介词。句意：童年的贫困和被遗弃感对狄更斯后来对社会改革的看法以及他通过小说所创造的世界产生了重大影响。be an influence on/over/upon“是对……方面产生影响”为固定短语，故此处为介词on/over/upon的填入。故填on/over/upon。
166．influences 167．what 168．when/if 169．capability/capabilities

【导语】这是一篇说明文。人们如何看待自己的能力影响着他们如何学习和成长。心态固定的人认为他们的才能和品质是预先决定的，是不变的。这种固定的思维模式会导致人们逃避挑战，对他人的成功感到威胁，对道德上的不当行为充耳不闻。相反，受成长思维驱动的人更相信自己的能力可以得到发展，从而更有动力接受挑战并对批评做出良好回应。
166．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人们如何看待自己的能力影响着他们如何学习和成长。根据上文think可知为一般现在时，主语为How people think about their competence，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填influences。
167．考查宾语从句。句意：因此，他们很容易对自己能做什么和不能做什么采取限制性的信念。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物应用what。故填what。
168．考查状语从句。句意：这种固定的心态会导致人们回避挑战，对他人的成功感到威胁，并在出现道德不当行为时（如果存在道德上的不当行为）置若罔闻。此处可理解为时间状语从句，即当有不当行为出现时，表示“当……时候”用when；或条件状语从句，即如果有不当行为，表示“如果”用if。故填when/if。
169．考查名词。句意：相反，受成长思维驱动的人更相信自己的能力可以得到发展，从而更有动力接受挑战并对批评做出良好回应。作从句主语应用名词capability，该词即可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；作可数名词时，结合上文their用复数形式。故填capability/capabilities。