河北高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份河北高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共23页。
阅读理解
A simple search of Psychology Today shows dozens of posts about New Year’s resolutions. Some of them will tell you that resolutions don’t work and lay out a number of reasons. The rest will give you useful advice on how to try to make them work, while admitting that it will be hard.
The psychology behind this pessimistic view is not difficult to understand.New Year’s resolutions are essentially goals. But,as hundreds of publications in motivation psychology show, goals do not work very well. Indeed, many, if not most, goals are never actually put into practice.
And why should they be? Goals come from the more rational(理性的)part of your brain. Say you want to lose a few pounds or be nicer to people. You are not struggling to see why you want to change.The problem lies in the more impulsive(易冲动的)part of your brain, which sustains your habits and takes over most of your day-to-day actions. Your brain is very good at automatizing behavior, freeing resources for other things. But, when those automatic behaviors conflict with your long-term goals, you struggle.
When you state a New Year’s resolution, or any long-term goal, you are talking to the wrong part of your brain and using the wrong language. “I want to lose weight”and “I want to be nicer to other people” are not written in terms of your habits. You will state those goals, and one day later you will reach for that dessert and shout at your friends.
Should you just abandon New Year’s resolutions? Of course not. You just need to be smarter about it. First, let’s borrow a page from management. People in that field have long known that, to be of any use, goals need to be established in a specific way, which follows the S. M. A．R. T. principle. They have to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-related. Besides, being aware of your goals is the beginning of change, and any opportunity that motivates you to make them clearer is a chance, be it the New Year or the first day of the rest of your life.
1．What does the search of Psychology Today show?
A．More people prefer to make New Year’s resolutions.
B．There are various reasons for failing to realize goals.
C．It’s getting more difficult for people to carry out goals.
D．People tend to be negative about New Year’s resolutions.
2．What determines our habits according to the text?
A．Our long-term goals. B．Our rational thoughts.
C．Our impulsive thoughts. D．Our resource distribution.
3．What’s the author’s attitude to making New Year’s resolutions?
A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Intolerant. D．Pessimistic.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Psychology Behind New Year’s Resolutions
B．How to Make Your New Year’s Resolutions Work
C．How do New Year’s Resolutions Influence Our Life
D．The Significance of Making New Year’s Resolutions

Southeast Asia has a population of about 680 million people and its countries are seeing rapid economic growth. However, it is also expected to be one of the regions which could be most heavily affected by climate change. Natural disasters already regularly affect the region. Two recent examples are Typhoon Rai, which hit the Philippines and Cyclone Seroja, which affected Indonesia. Urgent action is required to build up the region’s ability to adapt to climate change, and it is a collective responsibility.
Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been a hot topic in regard to climate change, especially since 92% of transport-related emissions (排放) in Southeast Asia come from road transport. Some Southeast Asian nations have started focusing on increasing EV production. Indonesia wants 20% of all cars built there to be EVs by 2025 and Thailand wants to hit 30% by 2030. Thailand also lowered taxes on EVs from 8% to 2% to help incentivize consumers.
Grab, a car rental company with a presence across Southeast Asia, has been a strong advocate of turning to EVs. It is actively helping their driver-partners turn to EVs by making them more affordable through partnerships with automakers, energy providers and other key industry players. It already operates the largest EV rental company in Indonesia with about 8,500 vehicles and also has a feature in Singapore called “Eco-friendly Rides” that allows users to be prioritized for a cleaner energy vehicle for their rides. More than one million rides on cleaner energy vehicles have been provided through that initiative so far since its launch in 2021.
However, some argue that EVs have limitations with regards to controlling emissions. Since Southeast Asia primarily uses coal and natural gas to generate electricity, emission reduction may not be currently comparable to that of regions using more renewable energy. Additionally, EV adoption does also generate concerns around dealing with the used solar panels and EV batteries safely, so they are not the be-all and end-all solution to climate change.
5．Why does the author mention Typhoon Rai and Cyclone Seroja?
A．To prove the importance of Indonesia.
B．To show the impact of natural disasters.
C．To stress the reason of climate change.
D．To raise the awareness of economic growth.
6．What does the underlined word “incentivize” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Educate. B．Thank. C．Encourage. D．Protect.
7．What does Grab do to promote EVs?
A．It makes them less expensive. B．It founds more branches.
C．It cooperates with drivers. D．It adds features to their vehicles.
8．What’s a concern about turning to EVs?
A．The driving safety of EVs.
B．The growing need for solar energy.
C．Their efficiency in reducing emissions.
D．The consumption of coal and natural gas.

Blynn Shideler arrived at Stanford with an award-winning health device. The device addresses a need in the cerebral palsy community. Often, kids with cerebral palsy—a group of disorders that affect movement, balance, and posture—need daily sessions with a physical therapist(治疗专家)to build strength and improve motor skills.
Studying bioengineering at Columbia University, Shideler thought there must be a better way. He worked with other students to design a device that would make it easier for these kids to perform their therapy exercises at home, or anywhere. The result was BUDI-the Biofeedback Upper-limb Device for Impairment—a bracelet(手环) with sensors that tracked motion and provided feedback on how the user could adjust their movements.
BUDI was named “Most Outstanding Design Project from Columbia Biomedical Engineering”. A teenager in Ohio reached out and said, “I have CP, saw your product and would love to see if it works on me.” But Shideler had no bracelets to give him. His team had only built two samples. So, inspired by that message from someone he didn’t know living across the country,Shideler set out to produce BUDI on a larger scale(规模).
In 2021, Shideler got involved in Stanford School of Medicine and planned to start a program that would give children with cerebral palsy the opportunity to try technologies for improving mobility. He got a permission from the FDA’s Pediatric Device Consortium to develop wearable devices. Shideler also attended an introductory session for CardinalKit, an open-sourced platform designed by Stanford researchers for coding digital health research projects.
“I learned about building an app and what we can do with the sensors on smartwatches and phones,” he said. “Maybe BUDI could be designed as software on a smartwatch rather than building bracelets.” If kids anywhere could download BUDI in the app store, Shideler thought, they could have physical therapy on demand on their wrists. It would give them some autonomy, help tackle problems created by a shortage in physical therapists, and reduce the stress on their families.
9．What’s Shideler’s purpose of inventing BUDI?
A．To make a fortune.
B．To help with therapists’ job.
C．To get admitted to Stanford.
D．To make treatment easier for some patients.
10．What can be inferred about the teenager in Ohio?
A．He wanted to try BUDI. B．He thought highly of BUDI.
C．He visited Shideler in person. D．He joined Shideler’s research team.
11．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The popularity of BUDI.
B．BUDI’s influence on Shideler.
C．Shideler’s efforts to produce more BUDIs.
D．Shideler’s achievement in the medical field.
12．What’s Shideler’s expectation for BUDI in the future?
A．It will have more functions.
B．It can be more available for users.
C．It can help families prevent cerebral palsy.
D．It can be recognized by physical therapists.

Maame
by Jessica George
Maame follows a young twenty-something woman trying to get a hold of her life.After years of living and taking care of her sick father, Maame is moving in with a helpful roommate of her own age, but she’s just gotten fired, and she’s looking for love. The novel explores what it feels like to be torn by life — and it celebrates finally being able to find where you belong.
Tress of the Emerald Sea
by Brandon Sanderson
Tress of the Emerald Sea is a funny story of pirates and magic set in a world where the oceans are made of spores instead of water, and a single drop of liquid could spell a disaster. Sanderson told us these secret projects let him “experiment more”with different writing styles, and the result is a joy to read from an author who’s clearly having the time of his life.
Knight Owl
by Christopher Denise
Of the hundreds of picture books that were published in the months after Knight Owl, there was still no other quite as wonderful. Denise’s expressive art and the sweetest little owl ever, who stars in a story of bravery, friendship, fun wordplay, and the power of pizza,are everything you want in a book to share with kids. You could read this one all day or every night and still love it.
Hotel Magnifique
by Emily J. Taylor
This novel follows Jani and her younger sister Zosa, as they join the staff of a magical hotel that only stays in one place for 24 hours and employs some of the most skilled magicians. At first, they can’t believe their good fortune, but they soon discover disturbing details about the hotel and its owner.
13．Which book may inspire readers to face life bravely?
A．Maame. B．Tress of the Emerald Sea.
C．Knight Owl. D．Hotel Magni fique.
14．What is special about Knight Owl?
A．It’s a picture book. B．It’s specially for teenagers.
C．It’s adapted from a real story. D．It features some kids and a bird.
15．Which type of books might Hotel Magnifique belong to?
A．Romance. B．Fantasy. C．Detective. D．Humor.

The old shed (棚屋) in Mitchell’s backyard was seen as run­down and depressing, but the self­described DIY enthusiast saw a relaxing pleasure. Unfortunately, as she set about transforming the forgotten shed into a stylish “she shed”， a private vacation home, Mitchell was disappointed that social distancing rules meant she couldn’t invite her friends over. So she decided to share the progress with her 34 followers, mostly close friends on TikTok.
Over the next 10 days, Mitchell began to empty the contents of the shed so that it could be cleaned. After that, she gave the shed fresh white paint. Once the paint had dried, she hung fairy lights, filled the space with plants and added a television and refrigerator donated by neighbors. She even built herself a daybed.
Happy to be out in the sun, putting her DIY skills to good use and sharing the adventure with her friends, Mitchell could never have predicted what happened next. Known as “she shed girl” ,  Mitchell now has an astonishing 2.7 million followers on TikTok, where she shares DIY tips and snippets (片段) of her life as a freshman at Aquinas College in Michigan, US. Encouraged by the success of her first project, Mitchell turned her attention to the family’s pool house, imagining it was a charming pub shed.
Commenting on Mitchell’s impressive shed renovation (翻修), the experts at My Tool Shed DIY said, “Stress levels have risen in the last year due to the effects of the COVID ­19 pandemic. Now people need time to do something they love. Having a dedicated (专门用途的) space like a  ‘she shed’ can be perfect for this.”
16．Why did Mitchell transform the shed?
A．To drive away boredom. B．To share it with her family.
C．To avoid social distancing. D．To change people’s view of it.
17．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．What the shed would be used for. B．How Mitchell decorated the shed.
C．How Mitchell shared snippets on TikTok. D．What Mitchell did during the pandemic.
18．What was unexpected for Mitchell in the third paragraph?
A．People’s love for DIY. B．The comments on TikTok.
C．The popularity of her video. D．The pool house renovation plan.
19．What is the opinion of the experts in the text?
A．DIY is a perfect activity for people.
B．The pandemic gives people time for their hobbies.
C．People should create a space to prevent disturbance.
D．People can do something they like to reduce pressure.

A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne universities, analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901.
Scientists don't know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data. However, researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.
In particular, researchers said changes in local sulfur dioxide emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity of Turner, Monet, and others' works, even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time.
Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature, focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe. Paintings' done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent. Generally, artists can historically accurately represent their environment, so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution, when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before.
Additionally, researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted, the cities would appear hazier to the eyes as well as in photographs. By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era, they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions.
20．How did the researchers conduct the study?
A．By referring to relevant historical records.
B．By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet.
C．By relating the paintings to the air conditions then.
D．By analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution.
21．What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet?
A．Air pollution at that time. B．Change in subject matter.
C．Social trends of the period. D．Development of photography
22．What can we learn from paragraph 5?
A．European artists preferred landscape paintings.
B．Scientists focused on studying weather patterns.
C．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution.
D．Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe.
23．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To inform people of a new discovery. B．To instruct people to appreciate paintings.
C．To introduce the Industrial Revolution. D．To call on people to protect the environment.

Many owners of electric cars have wished for a battery pack that could power their vehicle for more than a thousand miles on a single charge. Researchers have developed a lithium-air battery that could make that dream a reality. The new battery design could also one day power airplanes and trucks. The main new component in this lithium-air battery is a solid electrolyte (电解质) instead of the usual liquid variety.
Batteries with solid electrolytes are not subject to safety problems with the liquid electrolytes used in lithium-ion and other battery types, which can overheat and catch fire. More importantly, the solid electrolyte can potentially boost the energy four times, which translates into longer driving range.
For over a decade, scientists have been working overtime to develop a lithium (锂) battery that makes use of the oxygen in air. The lithium-air battery has the highest energy of any battery technology being considered for the next generation of batteries beyond lithium-ion.
The new solid electrolyte is composed of a material made from relatively inexpensive elements, compared with the past designs. Besides, the chemical reaction in lithium-ion only involves one or two electrons stored per oxygen molecule (分子), while that for lithium-air battery involves four electrons. More electrons stored means higher energy.
The new design is the first lithium-air battery that has achieved a four-electron reaction at room temperature. It also operates with oxygen supplied by air from the surrounding environment. The capability to run with air avoids the need for oxygen tanks to operate, a problem with earlier designs.
“With further development, we expect our new design for the lithium-air battery to reach a record of 1200 watt-hours per kilogram,” said Curtiss, a researcher. “That is nearly four times better than lithium-ion batteries.”
24．What contributes most to the lithium-ion battery?
A．Lithium-ion. B．Oxygen molecules. C．Solid electrolytes. D．Liquid component.
25．What’s the problem with lithium-ion batteries?
A．They burn easily if overheated. B．They are unsafe in production.
C．They damage the environment. D．They require longer charging time.
26．How does the author organize paragraph 4?
A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By presenting statistics D．By analyzing cause and effect.
27．What is the best title of the text?
A．How Lithium-air Batteries Work B．What will Be Used to Power Airplanes
C．Electric Cars Are Becoming More Popular D．New Batteries Offer Longer Driving Range

Every holiday season, Patricia Gallagher fills her car with stuffed animals and drives around Philadelphia. She gives them not to kids but to seniors.
Patricia’s holiday tradition started in 2009. “I just got this idea to call two nursing homes at random and ask if I could come and read It was the Night Before Christmas,” she said. She brought some of her kids’ stuffed animals for the seniors to hold while she read. “But when I went to gather them and take them back to go to the next nursing home, nobody wanted to give up their stuffed animals,” she added. It was then and there that she realized the power of a simple holiday gift.
Patricia wanted to continue her tradition of giving, so she put an ad online, asking for gently used stuffed animals. In her first two years of collecting, she received more than 11,000 donated stuffed animals. She said sometimes local schools would hold stuffed animal collections on her behalf, or a child who outgrew their toys would donate. After receiving too many, Patricia started capping how many she would collect at a time, and said she could only take in about 250 stuffed animals each week during the holiday season. Then, she took them to nursing homes.
“The elderly want stuffed animals not only for comfort, but they were conversation starters. It reminded them of their childhood,” she said. And she recalled one man said, “You know, I never wanted to go to school. And my father said if I would go that day, he would take me to the Brooklyn Zoo. And you know what? This was the first animal I saw there and it looked just like this giraffe.”
Spreading joy isn’t just a holiday pastime for Patricia. She is also known as the “Happy Flower Lady” around Philadelphia, because she collects old flowers from stores and passes them out to anyone who needs a pick-me-up.
“When you give, you really do get more back,” Patricia said. “Every morning, whether it’s the flowers or the stuffed animals, I have a purpose.”
28．Why did Patricia go to the nursing homes in 2009?
A．To send gifts to the seniors. B．To read a story to the elderly
C．To get over her loneliness. D．To get rid of her kids’ toys.
29．What does the underlined word “capping” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Limiting. B．Recording. C．Identifying. D．Doubling.
30．What can we infer from paragraph 4?
A．Seniors love good old days. B．Cute animals have healing effects on seniors.
C．Giving makes seniors happy. D．Stuffed animals have more than one function.
31．What does Patricia think of her giving experiences?
A．Rewarding. B．Entertaining. C．Timely. D．Tough.

The Nobel Prize has been awarded to women 60 times between 1901 and 2022. These women have made outstanding contributions to the worlds of medicine, science, literature and so on. Here are four of them.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Award: Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Year: 1964
Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist whose interest in research began when, as a child, she received a chemistry book containing experiments with crystals. She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X-rays. This earned her the Nobel Prize.
Gertrude B．Elion
Award: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Year: 1988
Gertrude Elion won the Nobel Prize for her discoveries of important principles for drug treatment. Elion had watched her grandfather die of cancer, so she decided to fight the disease throughout her life. Elion, together with George Hitchings, with whom she shared the award, created a system for drug production that relies heavily on biochemistry.
Toni Morrison
Award: Nobel Prize in Literature
Year: 1993
Toni Morrison, whose book “Beloved” earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award, was the first Black woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Ohio, Morrison was a writer whose works are mostly about life in the Black community. She taught writing and served as an honorary professor at Princeton University.
Esther Duflo
Award: Nobel Prize in Economics
Year: 2019
Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee, who is her husband. Duflo has spent much of her career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she earned her doctorate degree in 1999. Duflo and her partners were awarded the Nobel Prize for their approach to fighting poverty around the world.
32．What won Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin the Nobel Prize?
A．Her book about crystals. B．Her contribution to X-ray development.
C．Her research on medicine. D．Her discovery of a new protein crystal.
33．What do Toni Morrison's books mainly focus on?
A．Educational issues. B．Community service.
C．Writing techniques. D．Black American's life.
34．What do Gertrude B．Elion and Esther Duflo have in common?
A．They won the Nobel Prize in the same year.
B．They devoted themselves to fighting diseases.
C．They shared the Nobel Prize together with others.
D．Their life experiences committed them to their fields.

Scientists have learned more about the inner workings of the Earth by studying the way waves from earthquakes travel through the planet’s center. The results suggest that the Earth’s inner core may be starting to spin more slowly than the Earth.
The Earth’s core has two parts: the outer core and the inner core. Both of these are made mainly of the metals iron and nickel. The outer core is liquid. But the inner core is a solid ball held in this liquid almost like the yolk(蛋黄) in an egg.
Scientists suspected for a long time that the inner core might be spinning slightly differently from the way the Earth spins.
In the 1990s, two scientists, Paul Richards and Xiaodong Song, studied the inner core by looking at the waves from earthquakes that travel through the center of the Earth. They focused on groups and pairs of waves from earthquakes that naturally repeat. If the inner core was spinning exactly with the Earth, each wave of the pair should have taken the same time to pass through the Earth. Instead, some moved faster than others. This was because they were hitting different parts of the inner core as it spun. Their studies revealed that the inner core was spinning in the same direction as the Earth, but slightly faster.
Now Dr. Song and Yi Yang—another scientist who studies the Earth—say they’ve used the same method to learn that the Earth’s inner core may be starting to spin slower than the Earth. The researchers studied earthquake wave pairs from Alaska, going all the way back to 1964. They noticed that the inner core’s spin also seemed to change speed in the early 1970s. The scientists say that the inner core may have a pattern of speeding up and slowing down every 70 years or so.
Not everyone agrees. Many scientists who study the Earth say more information needed to figure out what is really going on.
35．Why is an egg mentioned in the second paragraph?
A．To explain how the Earth’s core moves.
B．To show the importance of the inner core.
C．To illustrate the composition of the outer core.
D．To help picture the structure of the Earth’s core
36．What did the scientists discover about the inner core in the 1990s?
A．It sent out earthquake waves. B．It changed speed repeatedly.
C．It moved exactly with the Earth. D．It moved a little faster than the Earth. .
37．What does the author say about the study result?
A．It is accurate and reliable. B．It excites the scientists.
C．It needs further confirmation. D．It has caused a heated discussion. .
38．What is the text?
A．A science report. B．A sci-fi story. C．A diary entry. D．A brochure.



















参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A

【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了为什么新年决心不起作用，以及如何更好的制定新年目标。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A simple search of Psychology Today shows dozens of posts about New Year’s resolutions.  Some of them will tell you that resolutions don’t work and lay out a number of reasons.  The rest will give you useful advice on how to try to make them work, while admitting that it will be hard.(在《今日心理学》（Psychology Today）上简单搜索一下，就会发现很多关于新年决心的帖子。他们中的一些人会告诉你决心不起作用，并列出一些原因。剩下的人会给你一些有用的建议，告诉你如何让它们发挥作用，同时承认这很难)”可知，《今日心理学》的调查显示了人们往往对新年计划持消极态度。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The problem lies in the more impulsive part of your brain,which sustains your habits and takes over most of your day-to-day actions.(问题在于你大脑中更冲动的部分，它维持着你的习惯，并接管了你大部分的日常行为)”可知，我们冲动的想法决定了我们的习惯。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Should you just abandon New Year’s resolutions? Of course not. You just need to be smarter about it.(你应该放弃新年计划吗？当然不是。你只是需要更聪明一点)”可推知，作者对制定新年计划的态度是支持的。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The psychology behind this pessimistic view is not difficult to understand. New Year’s resolutions are essentially goals. But, as hundreds of publications in motivation psychology show, goals do not work very well. Indeed, many, if not most, goals are never actually put into practice.(这种悲观观点背后的心理并不难理解。新年决心本质上是目标。但是，正如数百篇关于动机心理学的出版物所显示的那样，目标并不能很好地发挥作用。事实上，即使不是大多数目标，也有许多目标从未真正付诸实践)”可知，本文分析了新年决心背后的心理是怎样的，下文解释了为什么会这样，以及最后给出了解决方法，所以A项“The Psychology Behind New Year’s Resolutions(新年决心背后的心理学)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是东南亚将是受气候变化影响最严重的地区之一，所以东南亚的国家正在努力增加电动汽车的产量和倡导电动车的使用。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“However, it is also expected to be one of the regions which could be most heavily affected by climate change. Natural disasters already regularly affect the region.(然而，预计它也将是受气候变化影响最严重的地区之一。自然灾害已经经常影响该地区。)”可知，作者提到Typhoon Rai和Cyclone Seroja是为了展示自然灾害的影响。故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Thailand also lowered taxes on EVs from 8% to 2%(泰国还将电动汽车的税率从8%降至2%)”可以推断本句中提到的措施是在“鼓励”消费者，划线词incentivize的意思是“鼓励”，和encourage意思相近。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“It is actively helping their driver-partners turn to EVs by making them more affordable through partnerships with automakers, energy providers and other key industry players.(通过与汽车制造商、能源供应商和其他主要行业参与者的合作，该公司正积极帮助他们的司机合作伙伴转向电动汽车，让电动汽车变得更便宜。)”可知，Grab通过使电动汽车更便宜来推广它们，故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“However, some argue that EVs have limitations with regards to controlling emissions.Since Southeast Asia primarily uses coal and natural gas to generate electricity, emission reduction may not be currently comparable to that of regions using more renewable energy. Additionally, EV adoption does also generate concerns around dealing with the used solar panels and EV batteries safely, so they are not the be-all and end-all solution to climate change.(然而，一些人认为电动汽车在控制排放方面存在局限性。由于东南亚主要使用煤炭和天然气发电，目前的减排可能无法与使用更多可再生能源的地区相比。此外，电动汽车的采用也引起了人们对安全处理废旧太阳能电池板和电动汽车电池的担忧，因此它们不是解决气候变化的全部和最终解决方案。)”可知，转向电动汽车的担忧是他们在减少排放方面的效率。故选C。
9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B

【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了BUDI，布林·席德勒发明的一种为脑瘫患者治疗练习用的可穿戴设备。
9．细节理解题。 根据文章第二段中“Shideler thought there must be a better way. He worked with other students to design a device that would make it easier for these kids to perform their therapy exercises at home,or anywhere.(在哥伦比亚大学学习生物工程时，席德勒认为一定有更好的方法。他和其他学生一起设计了一种设备，使这些孩子更容易在家里或任何地方进行治疗练习)”可知，希德勒发明BUDI的目的是让一些病人更容易接受治疗，故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“A teenager in Ohio reached out and said, “I have CP, saw your product and would love to see if it works on me.”(俄亥俄州的一名青少年伸出手说:“我有CP，看过你们的产品，很想看看它对我是否有效。”)”可知，他想试试BUDI。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“In 2021, Shideler got involved in Stanford School of Medicine and planned to start a program that would give children with cerebral palsy the opportunity to try technologies for improving mobility. He got a permission from the FDA’s Pediatric Device Consortium to develop wearable devices. Shideler also attended an introductory session for CardinalKit, an open-sourced platform designed by Stanford researchers for coding digital health research projects.(2021年，席德勒加入了斯坦福大学医学院，并计划启动一个项目，让脑瘫儿童有机会尝试改善行动能力的技术。他获得了FDA儿科设备联盟的许可来开发可穿戴设备。席德勒还参加了CardinalKit的介绍会。CardinalKit是斯坦福大学研究人员设计的一个开源平台，用于为数字健康研究项目编码)”可知，第四段主要讲述了希德勒生产更多budi的努力。故选C项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If kids anywhere could download BUDI in the app store, Shideler thought, they could have physical therapy on demand on their wrists. It would give them some autonomy, help tackle problems created by a shortage in physical therapists, and reduce the stress on their families.(席德勒认为，如果任何地方的孩子都能在应用商店下载BUDI，他们就可以根据需要在手腕上进行物理治疗。这将给他们一些自主权，帮助解决物理治疗师短缺带来的问题，并减轻他们家庭的压力)”可知，希德勒对BUDI未来的期望是它可以让更多的用户能使用它。故选B项。
13．A 14．A 15．B

【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四本书籍。
13．细节理解题。根据小标题Maame下的段落中“The novel explores what it feels like to be torn by life-and it celebrates finally being able to find where you belong.(这部小说探索了被生活撕裂的感觉，并庆祝最终能够找到自己的归属)”可知，Maame这本小说能激励读者勇敢地面对生活。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据小标题Knight Owl下的段落中“Of the hundreds of picture books that were published in the months after Knight Owl,there was still no other quite as wonderful.(在《猫头鹰骑士》之后的几个月里，出版了数百本图画书，但没有一本比这更精彩)”可知，《猫头鹰骑士》的特别之处是它是一本图画书。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据Hotel Magnifique下的段落中“This novel follows Jani and her younger sister Zosa, as they join the staff of a magical hotel that only stays in one place for 24 hours and employs some of the most skilled magicians. At first, they can’t believe their good fortune, but they soon discover disturbing details about the hotel and its owner.(这部小说讲述了贾尼和她的妹妹佐萨加入了一家魔法酒店的工作人员，这家酒店只在一个地方呆24小时，并雇佣了一些最熟练的魔术师。起初，他们不敢相信自己的好运气，但他们很快就发现了有关酒店及其主人的令人不安的细节)”中出现魔法酒店。由此推知，Hotel Magnifique属于幻想类小说。故选B项。
16．A 17．B 18．C 19．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Mitchell看到后院破旧的棚屋后，决定自己改造装修，并将过程上传到社交媒体TikTok上，此后她又将自己大学的生活片段分享到TikTok上，吸引了众多粉丝的关注。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The old shed (棚屋) in Mitchell’s backyard was seen as run­down and depressing, but the self­described DIY enthusiast saw a relaxing pleasure.( Mitchell家后院的旧棚子看起来很破旧，令人沮丧，但这位自称DIY爱好者的人却看到了一种放松的乐趣。)”可知，Mitchell改造后院的旧棚屋是为了寻找一种放松的乐趣。据此可知，Mitchell改造棚屋是为了打发无聊时光。故选A。
17．主旨大意题。通读第二段“Over the next 10 days, Mitchell began to empty the contents of the shed so that it could be cleaned. After that, she gave the shed fresh white paint. Once the paint had dried, she hung fairy lights, filled the space with plants and added a television and refrigerator donated by neighbors. She even built herself a daybed.(在接下来的10天里，米切尔开始清空棚子里的东西，以便进行清理。之后，她给小屋刷了一层新白漆。油漆干了之后，她挂上了仙女灯，在空间里种满了植物，还添置了一台邻居捐赠的电视和冰箱。她甚至给自己做了一张沙发床。)”可知，该段主要介绍了她改造棚屋的过程：清空棚屋里的东西后，重新刷上白漆；等油漆干了，挂上彩灯，在房间里种满绿植，还添置了邻居捐赠的电视和冰箱。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Known as “she shed girl”, Mitchell now has an astonishing 2.7 million followers on TikTok, where she shares DIY tips and snippets (片段) of her life as a freshman at Aquinas College in Michigan, US.( Mitchell被称为“她的女孩”，现在在TikTok上拥有惊人的270万粉丝，她在那里分享DIY技巧和她在美国密歇根州阿奎那学院读大一时的生活片段。)”可知，Mitchell在TikTok上有270万粉丝，这令她感到意外。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段专家说的话“Stress levels have risen in the last year due to the effects of the COVID ­19 pandemic. Now people need time to do something they love. Having a dedicated (专门用途的) space like a  ‘she shed’ can be perfect for this.(由于COVID -19大流行的影响，去年的压力水平有所上升。现在人们需要时间去做他们喜欢的事情。拥有一个像‘她的小屋’这样的专用空间是完美的选择。)”可知，专家认为，由于新冠肺炎疫情的影响，人们的压力增加，花时间做他们喜欢的事情可以减轻压力。故选D。
20．C 21．A 22．D 23．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，著名印象派画家约瑟夫·特纳和克劳德·莫奈的经典画作可能受到了工业革命期间空气污染的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。
20．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature, focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe.(科学家们成功地测量了画家对自然的再现，重点研究了影响欧洲不同地区画作色彩的当地天气模式的差异)”可知，研究人员通过将绘画与当时的空气状况联系起来进行这项研究。故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.(然而，研究人员表示，通过研究特纳和莫奈的作品，可以了解空气污染带来的长期环境变化)”可知，研究人员在特纳和莫奈的作品中发现了当时的空气污染。故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据第五段“Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature, focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe. Paintings' done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent.(科学家们成功地测量了画家对自然的再现，重点研究了影响欧洲不同地区画作色彩的当地天气模式的差异。在英国创作的画作中，天空的蓝色通常比欧洲大陆其他地区的画作要淡一些)”可推知，英国在欧洲遭受空气污染最严重。故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据第一段“A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.(一项新的研究表明，著名印象派画家约瑟夫·特纳和克劳德·莫奈的经典画作可能受到了工业革命期间空气污染的影响)”结合文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。可推知，这篇文章的目的是告知人们一项新发现。故选A。
24．C 25．A 26．B 27．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新的电池设计可以延长行驶公里数，甚至有一天也可以为飞机和卡车提供动力，介绍了这种电池的工作原理和优势。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The main new component in this lithium-air battery is a solid electrolyte instead of the usual liquid variety.(这种锂空气电池的主要新成分是固体电解质，而不是通常的液体电解质)”以及第二段“Batteries with solid electrolytes are not subject to safety problems with the liquid electrolytes used in lithium-ion and other battery types, which can overheat and catch fire. More importantly, the solid electrolyte can potentially boost the energy four times, which translates into longer driving range.(与锂离子电池和其他类型电池中使用的液体电解质相比，含有固体电解质的电池不存在安全问题，这些问题可能会过热和着火。更重要的是，固体电解质可以将能量提高四倍，这意味着更长的行驶里程)”可知，固体电解质是锂电池最重要的部分。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Batteries with solid electrolytes are not subject to safety problems with the liquid electrolytes used in lithium-ion and other battery types, which can overheat and catch fire.(与锂离子电池和其他类型电池中使用的液体电解质相比，含有固体电解质的电池不存在安全问题，这些问题可能会过热和着火)”可知，锂离子电池的问题是如果过热，它们很容易烧坏。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段“The new solid electrolyte is composed of a material made from relatively inexpensive elements, compared with the past designs. Besides, the chemical reaction in lithium-ion only involves one or two electrons stored per oxygen molecule, while that for lithium-air battery involves four electrons. More electrons stored means higher energy.(与过去的设计相比，新的固体电解质由相对便宜的元素制成。此外，在锂离子的化学反应中，每个氧分子只存储1到2个电子，而锂空气电池则需要存储4个电子。储存的电子越多，能量就越高)”可推知，作者通过做比较展开第四段。故选B。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many owners of electric cars have wished for a battery pack that could power their vehicle for more than a thousand miles on a single charge. Researchers have developed a lithium-air battery that could make that dream a reality. The new battery design could also one day power airplanes and trucks. The main new component in this lithium-air battery is a solid electrolyte instead of the usual liquid variety.(许多电动汽车的车主都希望有一种电池组，可以为他们的汽车充电一次，行驶1000英里以上。研究人员已经开发出一种锂空气电池，可以让这个梦想成为现实。新的电池设计有一天也可以为飞机和卡车提供动力。这种锂空气电池的主要新成分是固体电解质，而不是通常的液体电解质)”结合文章主要介绍了这种电池的一些特点和优势。可知，D选项“新电池提供更长的行驶里程”最符合文章标题。故选D。
28．B 29．A 30．D 31．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Patricia Gallagher每到假日季节，就会在车里装满毛绒玩具，然后开车在费城兜风。这些玩具不是给孩子，而是给老年人。文章介绍了她这一传统开始的时间以及她对此的看法。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“Patricia’s holiday tradition started in 2009. “I just got this idea to call two nursing homes at random and ask if I could come and read It was the Night Before Christmas,” she said. She brought some of her kids’ stuffed animals for the seniors to hold while she read.(Patricia的节日传统始于2009年。她说：“我突然想到随便给两家养老院打个电话，问他们能不能让我过去读读《圣诞前夜》。”她带了一些孩子们的毛绒玩具，让老人们在她读书的时候抱着)”可知，Patricia在2009年去养老院是为了给老人读故事。故选B。
29．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“After receiving too many, Patricia started(收到太多后，帕特丽夏开始)”以及后文“how many she would collect at a time, and said she could only take in about 250 stuffed animals each week during the holiday season(她一次能收集多少，并且说在节日期间她每周只能收集大约250个毛绒玩具)”可知，Patricia在收到太多毛绒玩具后，于是开始限制每次收集的数量，她说在假期期间她每周只能接收大约250只毛绒玩具。故画线词意思是“限制”。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段““The elderly want stuffed animals not only for comfort, but they were conversation starters. It reminded them of their childhood,” she said. And she recalled one man said, “You know, I never wanted to go to school. And my father said if I would go that day, he would take me to the Brooklyn Zoo. And you know what? This was the first animal I saw there and it looked just like this giraffe.”(“老年人想要毛绒玩具不仅是为了舒适，而且它们还能成为聊天的话题。这让他们想起了自己的童年，”她说。她记得一个男人说：“你知道，我从来不想去上学。我父亲说如果我那天去的话，他会带我去布鲁克林动物园。你知道吗？这是我在那里看到的第一个动物，它看起来就像这只长颈鹿。”)”可推知，毛绒玩具不止一种功能。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段““When you give, you really do get more back,” Patricia said. “Every morning, whether it’s the flowers or the stuffed animals, I have a purpose.”(帕特里夏说：“当你付出的时候，你真的会得到更多的回报。每天早上，无论是买花还是毛绒玩具，我都有一个目标。”)”可推知，Patricia认为她的捐赠经历是有益的。故选A。
32．B 33．D 34．C

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍四名获得诺贝尔奖的女性。
32．细节理解题。根据Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin部分中“She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X-rays. This earned her the Nobel Prize.(她在牛津大学学习，并发展了蛋白质晶体学，这推动了X射线的发展。这为她赢得了诺贝尔奖)”可知，对X射线发展的贡献让Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin获得了诺贝尔奖。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据Toni Morrison部分中“Toni Morrison, whose book “Beloved” earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award, was the first Black woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Ohio, Morrison was a writer whose works are mostly about life in the Black community.( Toni Morrison是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女性，她的作品《宠儿》为她赢得了普利策奖和美国图书奖。莫里森出生在俄亥俄州，是一位作家，他的作品主要是关于黑人社区的生活)”可知，Toni Morrison的书主要关注美国黑人的生活。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据Gertrude B. Elion部分中“Elion, together with George Hitchings, with whom she shared the award, created a system for drug production that relies heavily on biochemistry.( Elion与George Hitchings共同创建了一个十分依赖生物化学的药物生产系统)”以及Esther Duflo部分中“Duflo and her partners were awarded the Nobel Prize for their approach to fighting poverty around the world. (Duflo和她的合作伙伴因在世界各地消除贫困的方法而获得诺贝尔奖)”可知，Gertrude B. Elion和Esther Duflo的共同之处是她们与其他人一起分享了诺贝尔奖。故选C。
35．D 36．D 37．C 38．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现，地球内核的自转速度可能开始比地球慢，但这一发现并非所有人认可，仍需要进一步弄清到底发生了什么。
35．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Earth’s core has two parts: the outer core and the inner core. Both of these are made mainly of the metals iron and nickel. The outer core is liquid. But the inner core is a solid ball held in this liquid …(地核有两部分：外核和内核。这两种金属主要由铁和镍构成。外核是液态的。但内核是一个被液体包裹的固体球……)”可知，本段主要介绍的是地球内核的构造，与鸡蛋的构造有相似之处，所以，此处提到鸡蛋是以此来说明地球内核构造。故选D项。
36．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“In the 1990s, two scientists, Paul Richards and Xiaodong Song, studied the inner core by looking at the waves from earthquakes that travel through the center of the Earth.(上世纪90年代，保罗·查兹（Paul Richards）和宋晓东（Xiaodong Song）两位科学家通过观察穿过地球中心的地震波来研究地核。)”和“Their studies revealed that the inner core was spinning in the same direction as the Earth, but slightly faster.(他们的研究表明，内核的旋转方向与地球相同，但速度略快。)”可知，20世纪90年代对地球内核的研究发现，地球内核的旋转方向与地球相同，但速度略快。故选D项。
37．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Not everyone agrees. Many scientists who study the Earth say more information needed to figure out what is really going on.(并非所有人都同意。许多研究地球的科学家表示，需要更多的信息来弄清楚到底发生了什么。)”可知，研究结果并非所有人都认可，仍需要进一步弄清到底发生了什么，由此可知，这项研究需要进一步证实。故选C项。
38．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Scientists have learned more about the inner workings of the Earth by studying the way waves from earthquakes travel through the planet’s center. The results suggest that the Earth’s inner core may be starting to spin more slowly than the Earth.(通过研究地震波穿过地球中心的方式，科学家们对地球的内部运作有了更多的了解。结果表明，地球内核的自转速度可能开始比地球慢。)”可知，本文讲述的是科学研究发现，地球内核可能开始比地球旋转的更慢，下文对此研究进行分析，由此可知，本文是一篇科学研究报告。故选A项。