英语 （二）-2023年高考考前20天终极冲刺攻略（全国通用）

这是一份英语 （二）-2023年高考考前20天终极冲刺攻略（全国通用），共96页。
 目 录 contents
（二）

阅读理解之标题归纳题…………………………………………04

七选五篇……………………………………………………………15

完形填空之记叙文 ………………………………………………34

完形填空之议论文 ………………………………………………………………59

完形填空之夹叙夹议文 ………………………………………………………84





阅读理解之标题归纳题
命题分析



标题归纳题
考点：高度概括文章中心内容, 点明文章主题，并对中心思想再次加以提。这类题考查考生准确理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。
特点：短小精悍，一般为一个短语，涵盖性强，能覆盖全文意思，不能随意改变语义程度或色彩。

设问方式：
1.What would be the best title for the text?
2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
3.What is the passage mainly about?
4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.
高考预测




纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考阅读理解命题方向如下：
阅读理解在选材上继续原汁原味的外刊为主，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。标题归纳题有一题，文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
应试技巧






No.1：速浏览
快速浏览全文，找到主旨句。
No.2：定主题
识别段落主题句，串联每段大意。
No.3：巧概括
总结归纳文章大意，确定答案。
阅读理解标题归纳题解题技巧：
No.1 概括性——准确而又简短，可以概括全文内容；
No.2 针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；
No.3 醒目性——标题既要严谨，也要新颖，可以激发读者的阅读欲望。

真题回眸


典例一 (2022•浙江高考卷1月)
D
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
10．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D．Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
【答案】C
【详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选C项。

典例二 (2022•新高考II卷)
C
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
31. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving more.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正地改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
名校预测



（2023年浙江浙里卷天下百校联考--B篇）
Dogs are capable of understanding the emotions behind an expression on a human face. The study is the latest to reveal just how connected dogs are with people. The research also provides evidence that dogs use different parts of their brains to process human emotions. By living in close contact with humans, dogs have developed specific skills that enable them to interact and communicate efficiently with people. Recent studies have shown that the dogs’ brain can pick up on emotional clues contained in a person’s voice, body smell and posture,and read their faces.
In this study,the authors watched what happened when they presented photographs of the same two adults’ faces(a man and a woman) to 26 feeding dogs. The images were placed strategically to the sides of the animals’ line of sight and the photos showed a human face ex-pressing one of the six basic human emotions: anger,fear,happiness,sadness,surprise,dis-gust or being neutral.
The dogs showed greater response and cardiac(心脏的)activity when shown photo-graphs that expressed arousing emotional states such as anger, fear and happiness. They also took longer to resume feeding after seeing these images. The dogs’ increased heart rate indicated that in these cases they experienced higher levels of stress.
In addition,dogs tended to turn their heads to the left when they saw human faces ex-pressing anger,fear or happiness. The reverse happened when the faces looked surprised, possibly because dogs view it as a non-threatening, relaxed expression.“Clearly arousing, negative emotions seem to be processed by the right side of a dog’s brain,and more positive emotions by the left side,”says Siniscalchi.
The results support that of other studies done on dogs and other mammals. These show that the right side of the brain plays a more important part in regulating the sympathetic out-flow to the heart. This is a fundamental organ for the control of the “fight or flight”Behavioral response necessary for survival.
15．What may be a suitable title for the text?
A．Dogs are living in close contact with people
B．Dogs understand what’s written all over your face
C．Dogs’ heart rate increases when experiencing stress
D．Negative emotions affect dogs’ returning to feeding

【答案】B
【详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Recent studies have shown that the dogs’ brain can pick up on emotional clues contained in a person’s voice, body smell and posture, and read their faces. (最近的研究表明，狗狗的大脑可以从一个人的声音、体味和姿势中捕捉到情感线索，并解读他们的面部表情。)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项新的研究，这项最新研究揭示了狗和人之间的联系。同时该研究还证明了狗狗的大脑可以从一个人的声音、体味和姿势中捕捉到情感线索，并解读他们的面部表情。故B选项“Dogs understand what’s written all over your face(狗狗能理解你脸上写的东西)”适合文章的标题。故选B。

（2023届高三辽宁省沈阳市一模--C篇）
A few days before Christmas 1944, Patricia Krueger received a telegram from the U.S. Army. She hoped it would contain a belated birthday greeting from her husband, an army flight engineer, Charles Krueger, whom she had not heard from for 2 weeks. Instead, the message said he wasn’t coming home: His B-29 had been lost over Mukden and he was later declared MIA (missing in action). Their son, John Krueger of Middleton, Wisconsin, now 78, still tears up when he recounts this story.
Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology. Between 1973 and 2014, the remains of only 1849 missing service members were returned to their families; in 2021, the agency accounted for the remains of 141 MIAs, according to DPAA figures.
To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public-private partnerships with scientists and groups outside government. “Teaming up with academic scientists introduces new ways of thinking,” says military historian Michael Dolski. “Working with partners allows us to tap into their technologies and capabilities in ways that we just can’t maintain.”
For scientists, the work is more than technically satisfying. “It’s the most rewarding aspect of my career,” says Mires, a scientist working with the agency. “In other archaeology sites I’ve worked on, the history is remote,” he says. “Here, you’re searching something not for a thing, but for a person, and all the people they touched.”
11．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．A long search for MIAs. B．Achievements of DPAA．
C．Assistance from science. D．Consequences of wars.

【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology.”（几十年后，军方仍在努力找回像查尔斯·克鲁格这样的士兵的遗骸。寻找他们的工作落在了DPAA(国防战俘/失踪人员会计机构)身上，该机构成立于2015年，此前批评人士指责之前的失踪人员搜寻过程缓慢，缺乏科学技术创新。）和倒数第二段“To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public-private partnerships with scientists and groups outside government.”（为了加速这项工作，国会授权DPAA与政府以外的科学家和团体建立公私合作伙伴关系）可知，短文介绍了在对在战斗中失踪人员搜索的努力。故短文的最佳标题为“对行动中失踪人员长期的搜索”。故选A项。


名师押题



第一篇：
Shawanee Patrick is passionate about giving everyone the ability to walk as comfortably and effectively as possible through the use of walking assistive devices, such as prosthetics (假肢) and orthotics. A Ph.D．student in the J. Mike walker 66 Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University, Patrick was inspired to help develop better walking assistive devices by the partial paralysis (瘫痪) of her grandmother.
Her research focuses on developing and improving walking assistive devices by determining what inputs are important and outcomes that could improve the design process. “I like to say my research is about how to help people who can’t walk be able to walk, and how to help those who do walk. Walk better.” Patrick said. “That’s kind of my aim. Walking improves the quality of life, so it’s really important we help those facing challenges when we can.”
The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges to Patrick’s research as well. Patrick’s research—which works with human studies—had been delayed several times by the health and availability of her subjects. Patrick said the process of conducting her research includes investigating the user’s needs from various angles. From the perspective of the user themselves to their physician and family members, Patrick said it is necessary to build a complete picture of them.
Patrick is determined to make a positive impact on the lives of the people she works with. as well as the thousands more like them. Although the specific project she is working on will not be going to market. Patrick said she is hopeful that the research she is conducting could one day influence the development of a product that makes its way to those who could greatly benefit from the support.
4．What inspired Patrick to start the project?
A．Her strong desire to help the old.
B．Her grandmother’s disability.
C．Her assignment in university.
D．Her enthusiasm about mechanical engineering.
【答案】B  
【详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Patrick was inspired to help develop better walking assistive devices by the partial paralysis(瘫痪) of her grandmother.”(帕特里克受到祖母部分瘫痪的启发，帮助开发更好的步行辅助设备。)可知，帕特里克是受到了祖母部分瘫痪的启发才启动了这个项目。故选B。
5．What is the purpose of Patrick’s research?
A．To figure out the facts about inputs.
B．To cope with the important challenges.
C．To improve the lives of those in need.
D．To perfect the design process.
【答案】C
【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Her research focuses on developing and improving walking assistive devices by determining what inputs are important and outcomes that could improve the design process. “I like to say my research is about how to help people who can’t walk be able to walk, and how to help those who do walk. Walk better.” Patrick said. “That’s kind of my aim. Walking improves the quality of life, so it’s really important we help those facing challenges when we can.””(她的研究重点是通过确定哪些输入是重要的以及哪些结果可以改进设计过程来开发和改进步行辅助设备。帕特里克说：“我想说，我的研究是关于如何帮助那些不会走路的人能够走路，以及如何帮助那些会走路的人。走路更好。”“这是我的目标之一。步行可以提高生活质量，所以我们在可能的时候帮助那些面临挑战的人真的很重要。”)可知，帕特里克做这个研究的目的是为了帮助那些需要帮助的人能够生活的更好。故选C。
6．What was the necessary step when Patrick conducted the research?
A．Fully understand the users’ demands.
B．Remove the C0VID-19 pandemic.
C．Investigate the users’ health and availability.
D．Contact the users’ physician and family members.
【答案】A
【详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Patrick said the process of conducting her research includes investigating the user’s needs from various angles. From the perspective of the user themselves to their physician and family members, Patrick said it is necessary to build a complete picture of them.”(帕特里克说，她的研究过程包括从不同角度调查用户的需求。帕特里克说，从用户自己到医生和家人的角度来看，有必要为他们建立一个完整的画面。)可知，帕特里克认为，从不同角度调查用户的需求是很必要的。故选A。
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．How to walk Better.
B．A Cure for Painful Patients.
C．A New walking Device.
D．A Helpful Project Launched by A student.
【答案】D
【详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Shawanee Patrick is passionate about giving everyone the ability to walk as comfortably and effectively as possible through the use of walking assistive devices, such as prosthetics (假肢) and orthotics. A Ph.D. student in the J. Mike walker 66 Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University, Patrick was inspired to help develop better walking assistive devices by the partial paralysis (瘫痪) of her grandmother.”(肖瓦妮·帕特里克热衷于通过使用步行辅助设备，如假肢和矫形器，让每个人都能尽可能舒适有效地行走。帕特里克是德克萨斯农工大学J.Mike walker 66机械工程系的博士生，她祖母的部分瘫痪启发她帮助开发更好的步行辅助设备。)可知，这篇文章主要讲述博士生肖瓦妮·帕特里克受到了祖母部分瘫痪的启发，发明了一种步行辅助设备。故选D。

第二篇：
The scars that Pat Pribble carried through life were formed nearly 50 years ago, caused by fellow students, who picked on him because he was different.
Pat’s parents had held him back in the fourth grade, so he ended up in the same class as his younger brother, Leo. Forever the oldest kid in the class, Pat tried to fit in. But he was always just not good enough for this; just not smart enough for that. Pat Pribble was a target. Now 65, he lives in a studio apartment with his dog, getting by on Social Security. From a distance, with his long gray hair and beard, Pat appears tough, the kind of man you might cross the street to avoid.
Last November, as Carey, one of the classmates, planned for the 45th reunion-postponed a year because of the pandemic-he decided to personally invite Pat, who had never been there before. “Even after all these years,” Carey says, “the mind remembers a voice. It was Pat.” With a bit of research, he called Pat and learned that Pat had been putting money aside each week to buy a bus ticket to visit Leo since he had terminal brain cancer with only months to live.
“Never underestimate people,” said Leo in his last moment of life. “We’re all different now than when we were kids.” His former classmates have kept their promise that after he was gone, they wouldn’t lose track of Pat. And they just did. Every week, one or more of them call Pat to see how he’s doing and even send him some “walking around money”.
Healing wounds from the past has allowed Pat to look to the future. “I’ll be at the next reunion,” he says. “These guys . . .” He pauses, stifling tears. “Let’s just say that everyone needs people like these guys in their lives.”
4．What do we know about Pat Pribble from the first two paragraphs?
A．A man who wore scars both mentally and physically.
B．A boy who was unique and welcomed in school.
C．A person who had no awareness of cleanness.
D．A student who felt lower and unconfident.
【答案】A  
【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“The scars that Pat Pribble carried through life were formed nearly 50 years ago, caused by fellow students, who picked on him because he was different.(Pat Pribble在生活中留下的伤疤是近50年前形成的，是他的同学造成的，他们因为他与众不同而欺负他)”以及第二段中“But he was always just not good enough for this; just not smart enough for that. Pat Pribble was a target.(但他总是做得不够好，只是还不够聪明去应付他们。Pat Pribble总是众矢之的)”可知，Pat Pribble是一个在精神上和身体上都有伤痕的人。故选A。
5．Why does Carey intend to invite Pat to the 45th reunion?
A．To show off his present happy life.
B．To let more people participate in the reunion.
C．To relieve his guilt towards Pat in school days.
D．To call on his classmates to donate money to Pat.
【答案】C  
【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“The scars that Pat Pribble carried through life were formed nearly 50 years ago, caused by fellow students, who picked on him because he was different.(Pat Pribble在生活中留下的伤疤是近50年前形成的，是他的同学造成的，他们因为他与众不同而欺负他)”以及第三段中“Last November, as Carey, one of the classmates, planned for the 45th reunion-postponed a year because of the pandemic — he decided to personally invite Pat, who had never been there before. ‘Even after all these years,’ Carey says, ‘the mind remembers a voice. It was Pat.’(去年11月，作为同学之一的凯里计划第45次聚会——由于大流行推迟了一年——他决定亲自邀请帕特，他以前从未这么做过。“即使过了这么多年，”凯里说，“大脑仍然记得一个声音。是帕特。”)”可知，Carey打算邀请Pat参加第45届同学聚会是为了减轻他在学生时代对帕特的内疚。故选C。
6．What message does the story seem to convey?
A．Beauty lies in the eyes of beholder. B．Life is a process of personal growth.
C．Never judge a person by his appearance. D．Scars can eventually be cured completely.
【答案】D  
【详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘Never underestimate people,’ said Leo in his last moment of life. ‘We’re all different now than when we were kids.’ His former classmates have kept their promise that after he was gone, they wouldn’t lose track of Pat.(“永远不要低估别人，” Leo在他生命的最后时刻说。“我们现在和小时候都不一样了。”他以前的同学们信守诺言，在他离开后，他们不会失去帕特的消息)”以及最后一段中“Healing wounds from the past has allowed Pat to look to the future.(治愈过去的创伤让Pat能够展望未来)”可推知，这个故事要表达的信息是伤疤最终可以完全治愈。故选D。
7．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．With Open Arms, at Last B．In Different Ways, in Fact
C．Being Unforgettable, School Life D．Looking to the Future, These Guys
【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了Pat Pribble在50年前被学校的孩子们欺负，而去年11月，Carey邀请Pat参加第45届同学聚会，最终大家冰释前嫌，治愈过去的创伤也让Pat能够展望未来，由此可知，A选项“最终张开双臂，冰释前嫌”最文章最佳标题。故选A。














七选五篇
考情分析




年份
卷别
体裁
题材
话题

2022
全国甲卷
说明文
人与社会
民族文化传统与习俗
全国乙卷
说明文
人与社会
人际关系与社会关系
新高考全国I卷
说明文
人与社会
体育与健康
2021
全国甲卷
说明文
社会生活
衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程
全国乙卷
说明文
个人发展
在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法
新高考I卷
说明文
社会生活
作者夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的感受
2020
全国卷I
说明文
个人发展
自我接纳的一些技巧
全国卷II
说明文
信息交流
表情符号在工作交流中的作用
全国卷III
说明文
社会生活
乔迁聚会的意义、方式和由来

【考纲解读】

考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
“七选五”的题型给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。
考查考生的逻辑思维能力，对上下文之间、层次之间逻辑关系的推理判断能力。
该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。

高考预测





观察分析近三年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考试题中的七选五试题仍旧以说明文和议论文为主，
考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等。
应试技巧








No.1 概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句
浏览全文，做出预判。了解文章大意，关注每个空格的位置。
No.2 判断文章的篇章整体结构
(1) 判断题型是否为标题类。
(2) 判断标题类型。根据前后段落的特点分布，会发现标题经常具有两个特点：
一般来说，小标题类的文章是按总分结构或者总分总结构叙述的。段首句主要起主旨句或者承上启下的作用。段中句用来承上启下或者解释说明。段尾句用来总结全文或者提出希望。
No.3 根据空格类型和空格后的代词，寻找对应的答案
在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。
No.5 注意一些特殊疑问词
如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。
No.6 注意一些逻辑关系不同的连词
转折关系：but，However，yet，though，nevertheless，while/though, on the contrary, instead, still，in contrast/comparison等。
并列关系：and，also，as well as，neither nor，either or，not only...but also，on the one hand....on the other hand等。
因果关系：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。
递进关系：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what's more, what's worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ... but ..., not only ... but also等。
例证关系：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。
并列关系：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some ... others ...; for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last等。
这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的逻辑关系。


真题回眸



【典例 1 2022·全国甲卷】
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】36．D    37．F    38．C    39．G    40．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事项。
36．根据后文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.(知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方。)”可知，此处是指要学习一些用餐礼节以避免在用餐时犯错误，所以选项D“不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误”切合文意。故选D。
37．根据前文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.(当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了。)”可知，此处是讲筷子的摆放方式，所以选项F“不要把它们直立在食物中，也不要在使用时交叉放置”切合文意，选项中的them指的就是本段中的chopsticks。故选F。
38．根据前文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.(在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭。)”可知，此处举例说明几个地方的用餐方式，且根据后文“instead preferring to use their hands(相反更喜欢用手)”可知，此处是指不喜欢用餐具用餐，所以选项C“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”切合文意。故选C。
39．根据小标题“Making Requests”(提出要求)可知，此处是讲在用餐时提出要求，根据后文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这表明你不喜欢厨师的调味技巧。)”可知，后文中的this是指要求额外的调料，所以选项G“吃饭时要盐和胡椒似乎是一个简单的请求”切合文意。故选G。
40．根据后文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可知，此处句式为“the more...,the more...”，且its是指“国家的”，所以此处是指在一个国家待的时间越久，选项B“你在某个国家待的时间越久”切合文意。故选B。

【典例 2 2022·全国乙卷】
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___36___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___37___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___38___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· ___39___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___40___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A．Remember important dates
B．Compensate by writing letters
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【答案】36．D    37．E    38．G    39．A    40．F
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
36．根据上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
37．根据上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊）对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
38．根据下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。
39．分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“Remember important dates”（记得重要的日子），所以A项符合题意。故选A项。
40．设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。

【典例 3 2022·新高考全国I卷】
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____39____ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded.____40____When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A．Not all the customers are tourists.
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G．The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【答案】36．F    37．C    38．G    39．E    40．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和丈夫在巴黎待了一段时间了解到的法国人的一些生活习惯的经历。
36．下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵第六层的公寓，只有一个橱柜那么大)”说明作者和丈夫采取行动，租了昂贵的公寓，F项“我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上能像真正的巴黎人那样生活。”说明作者和丈夫租昂贵公寓的原因，引出下文，符合题意。故选F项。
37．上文“Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing worked.(与普通的巴黎公寓不同，水管工作正常)”说明作者租的公寓的情况，C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”继续说明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合题意。故选C项。
38．下文“French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”说明法国的草莓很美味，G项中delicious是关键词，G项“食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐”引出下文，符合题意。故选G项。
39．下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是很贵，E项“这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因”承接上文法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，并引出下文，说明法国人吃的少的另一个原因“物价昂贵”。故选E项。
40．上文“In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”说明了法国人会去咖啡馆，认为生活质量比效率更重要，以及下文“When do these people work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”说明咖啡馆中的顾客有法国人，A项中customer符合咖啡馆的情境设定，A项“并不是所有的顾客都是游客。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A项。

【典例 4 2022·浙江高考卷】
I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. ____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A．It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B．But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C．The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D．As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E．You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F．As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G．But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
【答案】11．D    12．B    13．E    14．F    15．G
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
11．根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents.  (随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故选D项。
12．根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or persuade.  (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13．根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后“You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结构一致。故选E项。
14．根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一致，符合语境。故选F项。
15．根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems. (但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带来的写作。故选G项。

名校预测





（2023届高三年级江苏省苏北四市第一次模拟考试）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When Failure Is a Good Thing
Failure is an important process you can learn from. 36
Most people view failure as something that should be avoided at all costs. 37 It may have been an “F” we received on a paper or the high expectations our parents placed upon our shoulders that stopped us from trying.
Award-winning psychologist and author, Ron Friedman, tells the story of how Sara Blakely, founder of Spanx, revolutionized the women's clothing industry and became a billionaire in his book, The Best Place To Work: The Art and Science of Creating an Extraordinary Workplace.
38 She had zero experience in the clothing industry, lacked an education in business and raised only $5,000 to invest. When asked where she found the courage, she gave all credit to her dad. While most parents ask their kids, “How was your day?" when sitting down for dinner, Sara's parents asked her and her brother, “What did you fail at today?” each and every night.
When interviewed by CNN's Anderson Cooper, Sara said, “Instead of failure being the outcome, failure became not trying. It forced me at a young age to want to push myself so much further out of my comfort zone.” 39 It became more about learning and less about a personal weakness.
If we view failure as weakness, we avoid stepping out of our comfort zone. 40 It does not define us, but instead matures us. I 'm sure that there are many risks we would all take in our personal, professional and spiritual lives if we could get past a fear of failure.
What has been the greatest lesson you have learned when taking a chance? Please share with us.
A. And, most importantly, it means you tried.
B. Let's take a look at how Sara faced failures.
C. In reality, Sara's father had re-defined failure.
D. Early on, Sara overcame a series of difficulties.
E. Instead, we must remind ourselves that failure is an action.
F. It is important to reflect on what can be learnt from failure.
G. We tend to connect failure with a bad experience we had as a child.


【答案】36．E    37．D    38．B    39．G    40．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微锻炼的一些相关知识。
36． 上文“Many people lead busy lives and think they barely have time to work out every day.(许多人过着忙碌的生活，认为自己每天几乎没有时间锻炼。)”提到了没时间锻炼这一问题，下文“They are short workouts that often involve high-intensity(高强度的)exercises.(它们是短时间的锻炼，通常包括高强度的锻炼。)”提到了短时间锻炼，选项E中上半句If you feel this way承接上文内，下半句中micro workouts是关键词，引起下文内容，所以E选项“如果你有这种感觉，你可能会对微锻炼感兴趣。”承上启下，符合题意。故选E项。
37． 上文“Microworkouts are good alternatives. They take up only 10 to 30 minutes of your day. Many people spend much longer scrolling through social media each day.(微锻炼是不错的选择。它们只占用你每天10到30分钟的时间。许多人每天花更长的时间浏览社交媒体。)”提到了微锻炼的时间问题和浏览社交媒体的问题，选项D中easy是关键词，与上文构成因果关系，所以D选项“所以这应该是一个相对容易的时间投入。”符合题意。故选D项。
38．下文“For example, walking your dog, using the stairs, parking farther away from adestination, or walking during your lunch break are all ways you can try.(例如，遛狗，走楼梯，把车停在离目的地更远的地方，或者在午休时间散步，这些都是你可以尝试的方法。)”提到了一些日常生活中的锻炼，选项B中routine是关键词，概括了下文内容，所以B选项“你只是把它融入你的日常生活。”符合题意。故选B项。
39．上文“When you decide to domicro workouts, though, you don’t need a bunch of equipment.(不过，当你决定固定健身时，你不需要一堆设备)”提到了健身时不需要一堆设备，选项G中Instead是关键词，与上文构成顺承关系，所以G选项“相反，你可以利用家里的东西来锻炼。”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G项。
40．下文“Now that you know all about micro workouts, you can add them to your day.Get as creative as you please and think about the types of movements that suit you.(现在你知道了所有关于微锻炼的知识，你可以把它们添加到你的日常生活中。尽情发挥你的创造力，思考适合你的动作类型。)”提到了准备开始你的行动，所以A选项“准备好行动了吗？”能概括下文内容，符合题意。故选A项。

（2023届湖北省华中师范大学附中第二次质量检测试题）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online. They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts. ____16____
Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch. ____17____ Some social media sites use those likes to determine how many people eventually see a post. One with many likes is more likely to be seen-and to get even more likes.
What’s more, viewing posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in our brain. ____18____ For example, posts related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink. That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like, but even what they do.
____19____ And not always in a good way. For example, in one 2011 study, teens doing a driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around. Researchers also looked at the teens’ brains during this task. They saw activity in a part of the brain that’s involved in rewards, which suggests the teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval.
Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know. But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are. ____20____
A．It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.
B．A popular post doesn’t necessarily mean it is a quality post.
C．It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
D．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
F．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
G．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.
【答案】16．G    17．F    18．A    19．C    20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是社交媒体是生活中的一部分及其对生活的的影响。
16． 根据空前的“They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts.(他们利用其中一些时间在社交媒体帐户上发布图片并创建个人资料。)”可知，此处讲述的是青少年们在社交媒体中所作的事情，G选项“Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.(他们所做的大部分工作是阅读和回复朋友和家人的帖子。)”中所描述的也是青少年在社交媒体中所做的事情，其中的they指代与上文的teens一致。故选G项。
17． 根据空前的“Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch.(单击竖起大拇指或心形图标是保持联系的简单方法。)”可知，小红心或者大拇指是点赞的位置，空后的“Some social media sites use those likes to determine how many people eventually see a post.(一些社交媒体网站使用这些喜欢来确定有多少人最终看到帖子。)”可知，获赞的多少决定了有多少人关注帖子，由此可知，此空处讲述的内容与“点赞”相关，F选项“But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.(但这些“赞”可以拥有超越简单联系的力量。)”中的“those likes”内容与空前后内容吻合。故选F项。
18． 根据空前的“What’s more, viewing posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in our brain.(更重要的是，查看有很多赞的帖子会激活我们大脑中的奖励系统。)”可知，浏览贴子会激活大脑中的奖励体系，根据空后的“For example, posts related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink.(例如，与酒精相关的帖子可能会鼓励青少年饮酒。)”可知，与酒精相关的帖子可能会鼓励青少年饮酒，由此可知，此空处的内容是看到的帖子对青少年的影响，A选项“It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.(它还可以降低观众的自制力。)”讲述的是浏览贴子对青少年的影响，其中的it指代的是上文中的viewing posts，also未结题关键词，且内容与空前后一致。故选A项。
19． 根据空后的“And not always in a good way. (而且并不总是以一种好的方式。)”以及下文中的举例“For example, in one 2011 study, teens doing a driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around.(例如，在2011年的一项研究中，当朋友在身边时，在实验室做驾驶任务的青少年会冒更多的风险。)”可知，本段讲述的是青少年朋友在身边的影响，而且影响不总是好的，C选项“It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.(这并不奇怪：来自同龄人的反馈会影响青少年的行为方式。)”讲述的是来自同龄人的反馈对青少年行为的影响，与空后内容衔接合理，且与举例说明的内容吻合。故选C项。
20．根据空前的“But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are.(但是帖子可能会夸大我们的朋友和其他人的感觉，使他们看起来比我们快乐得多。)”可知，帖子可能会使得他们看起来比我们更快乐，E选项“And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.(这可能会不恰当地让我们觉得自己不如他们成功。)”中描述的内容与空前内容相对应，且其中的代词them以及us空前内容指代一致。故选E项。


名师押题





第一篇：
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
During winter holidays, you’ll likely be photographed countless times. Reuniting with family and friends naturally pushes you to value the moments by taking photos.____16____. We take pictures on our phones and quickly check if the photos are good enough to be uploaded online or shared. Unfortunately, however, most of us are not naturally attractive in photos, and being the subject of so many photographs frequently results in more than a few images we wish didn’t exist.____17____By following these simple methods, you may permanently delete undesirable images and enjoy your holiday without worrying about what might end up online.
Knowing lighting is the first step to getting good pictures. The trick is to place yourself in front of the light and place the lighting behind the camera. When you take a shot with the light in front of your camera, the photograph looks dark. However, bright lighting on your face and behind the lenses (镜头) will make you look brighter and help avoid minor imperfections.____18____Also, ensure that windows and lighting equipment are behind the camera if you’re shooting indoors.
____19____! Maybe a side profile suits you the most, or if you have a nice face, a front-face photo can look the best. So, take some selfies (自拍) and learn your ideal photo profile before a shot. With confidence, take your net shot!
While a complex surroundings can result in an award-winning photo, it frequently shifts the viewer’s attention away from you. If you’re photographing outside, choose a solid-colored building or wall to pose against.____20____Having everything in order behind you can significantly influence the outcome of a photograph.
A．Nowadays photos are instant
B．Photoshoot skill are the top priority
C．However, it does not have to be the case this year
D．Appropriate angles can give you an excellent photograph
E．If the light is bright, it will create shadows on your body
F．If you’re outside, position the camera so that the sun is behind it
G．Ensure that the background is clean and tidy while shooting indoors



【答案】16．A    17．C    18．F    19．D    20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了网络时代，如何拍出除好看的自拍照与大家分享。
16．根据下文“We take pictures on our phones and quickly check if the photos are good enough to be uploaded online or shared.(我们用手机拍照，然后迅速检查照片是否足够好得可以上传到网上或分享)”可知，现在手机拍照可以拍完立即看拍摄效果。由此可知，A. Nowadays photos are instant. (现在照片是即时的)意义一致，符合语境。故选A项。
17．根据上文“Unfortunately, however, most of us are not naturally attractive in photos, and being the subject of so many photographs frequently results in more than a few images we wish didn’t exist.”(然而，不幸的是，我们大多数人并不是天生有吸引力，适合拍照，频繁拍照经常会导致很多我们希望不存在的照片)可知，有时拍出来的照片不好看，不能使自己满意。结合下文“By following these simple methods, you may permanently delete undesirable images and enjoy your holiday without worrying about what might end up online.(通过遵循这些简单的方法，你就可以永久地删除不喜欢的照片，享受你的假期，而不用担心网上会出现什么)”可知，下面要介绍一些方法解决这些令人担忧的问题。由此可知，C. However, it does not have to be the case this year.(但是，今年情况并不一定是这样)符合语境。故选C项。
18．根据本段段首主题句“Knowing lighting is the first step to getting good pictures.(了解灯光是拍出好照片的第一步)”可知，本段是在讲拍照的采光问题；结合空前“However, bright lighting on your face and behind the lenses (镜头) will make you look brighter and help avoid minor imperfections.(然而，明亮的光线打在你的脸上和相机后面会让你看起来更明亮，有助于避免小瑕疵)”及下文“Also, ensure that windows and lighting equipment are behind the camera if you’re shooting indoors.(此外，如果你在室内拍摄，确保窗户和照明设备都在相机后面)”可知，F. If you’re outside, position the camera so that the sun is behind it. (如果你在室外，把相机放在太阳在它后面的位置)符合语境，先讲室外拍照的光线问题，再讲室内。故选F项。
19．根据下文“Maybe a side profile suits you the most, or if you have a nice face, a front-face photo can look the best. So, take some selfies (自拍) and learn your ideal photo profile before a shot.(也许侧面的照片最适合你，或者如果你有一张漂亮的脸，正面的照片看起来最好。所以，在拍照之前，做一些自拍，了解一下你理想的照相角度)”可知，本段讲述拍摄角度问题。由此可知，D. Appropriate angles can give you an excellent photograph. (适当的角度可以给你一个极好的照片)作为段首句，符合语境。故选D项。
20．根据段首句“While a complex surroundings can result in an award-winning photo, it frequently shifts the viewer’s attention away from you.(虽然复杂的环境可以拍出获奖照片，但它经常会把观众的注意力从你身上转移开)”及下文“Having everything in order behind you can significantly influence the outcome of a photograph.(你身后的一切都井然有序会极大地影响一张照片的效果)”可知，本段介绍拍摄背景方面的技巧。由此可知，G. Ensure that the background is clean and tidy while shooting indoors. (室内拍摄时，确保背景干净整洁)符合语境。故选G项。

第二篇：
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Helping a stranger can be easier than advising someone we’ve known forever. When friends and family ask for advice, it is more complicated. ____16____ To give better advice, try less fixing and more listening.
____17____ You should stay open if you can. Keep your hands free. Keep your face neutral and try to avoid looks of shock or judgment. If you look like you’re tense or you’re distracted, the person might not open up to you as much as you would want them to.
You can’t always give advice right now. Texts and FaceTime might be immediate, but your advice doesn’t have to be. You can politely explain to someone that you want to give them your full attention when you’re ready. ____18____
You don’t have to fix the problem. People who ask “What should I do?” often want to process a problem themselves. ____19____ A friend’s priorities might not match your own, but that doesn’t mean they’re wrong.
Pay attention to patterns. When you’ve known someone for years, you’re a witness to their patterns and repeated mistakes. Instead of saying, “Ugh, you’ve said this 15, 000 times,” you can ask questions. “What do you think that means?” or “____20____ ” can be a good one when you’re trying to get someone to consider their own cycle.
A．Body language matters.
B．Listen to them carefully.
C．What’s wrong with you?
D．What has worked for you before?
E．Otherwise, you can do more harm than good.
F．If we don’t get it right, we could hurt someone we love.
G．You’re giving good advice if you can help them get there on their own.


【答案】16．F    17．A    18．E    19．G    20．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。当朋友和家人寻求建议时，我们应如何处理，才不会伤害到他们，真正有利于他们解决问题，文章给出了相关的建议。
16．根据上文“Helping a stranger can be easier than advising someone we’ve known forever. When friends and family ask for advice, it is more complicated. (帮助一个陌生人可能比建议一个我们认识很久的人更容易。当朋友和家人寻求建议时，情况就复杂多了)”可知，上文指出当朋友和家人向你寻求建议时可能情况比较复杂。下文“To give better advice, try less fixing and more listening. (要给出更好的建议，试着少处理，多倾听。)”，此处给出了解决这个问题的建议。F项“If we don’t get it right, we could hurt someone we love. (如果我们做不好，就会伤害到我们爱的人)”，F项承上启下，其中it呼应上文的情况giving advice to friends and family，而someone we love呼应上文friendsand family，同时因为F项提到的不良后果，顺接下文：针对这一问题给出建议。上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选F项。
17．根据下文“You should stay open if you can. Keep your hands free. Keep your face neutral and try to avoid looks of shock or judgment. If you look like you’re tense or you’re distracted, the person might not open up to you as much as you would want them to. (如果可以的话保持开放的态度。放开你的手。保持面部表情中立，尽量避免露出震惊或评判的表情。如果你看起来很紧张或心不在焉，这个人可能不会像你希望的那样对你敞开心扉。)”可知，本段内容均与身体语言（Body language）相关，故A项“Body language matters. (肢体语言很重要。)”符合语境，为本段的中心句。故选A项。
18．上文“You can’t always give advice right now. Texts and FaceTime might be immediate, but your advice doesn’t have to be. You can politely explain to someone that you want to give them your full attention when you’re ready. (你不能总是当时给出建议。短信和FaceTime可能是即时的，但你的建议不一定是即时的。你可以礼貌地向某人解释，当你准备好了，你想给他们全部的注意力。)”可知，当被问及建议时，无需马上给出；E项“Otherwise, you can do more harm than good. (否则，你会弊大于利。)”与上文形成对比关系，指出了如果不这样做的后果，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选E项。
19．上文“People who ask ‘What should I do?’ often want to process a problem themselves. (那些问‘我该怎么办？’的人经常想自己解决问题。)”，下文“A friend’s priorities might not match your own, but that doesn’t mean they’re wrong. (朋友的优先级可能和你的不一样，但这并不意味着他们是错的。)”可知，有时候我们不需要过多干涉他们的选择。G项“You’re giving good advice if you can help them get there on their own. (如果你能帮助他们自己做到这一点，你就给出了很好的建议。)”，与段落大意相符，其中的help them get there on their own与上文中的process a problem themselves及下文中的a friend’s priorities相呼应，G项承上启下。故选G项。
20．设空处在句中，上句“Instead of saying, ‘Ugh, you’ve said this 15, 000 times, ’ you can ask questions. (不要说‘啊，你已经说了15000次了’，你可以问问题。)”，以及“‘What do you think that means?’ or ‘　　5　　’ can be a good one when you’re trying to get someone to consider their own cycle. (当你试图让别人考虑他们自己的周期时，‘你认为这是什么意思？’或　　5　　，是一个很好的问题。)”可知，本空应与上句内容一致，即问问题，设空处应是一个问题，内容应让人去思考自己的经历，D项“What has worked for you before? (以前什么对你有用)”符合文意，故选D项。











完形填空之记叙文
命题分析





近三年全国卷完形填空考查情况统计表
年份
试卷类型
体裁
话题
考点分布

2022
全国甲卷
记叙文
因狗结缘
动词（短语）8 名词（短语）7
形容词1 副词 3
全国乙卷
说明文
玩捉迷藏
动词（短语）7 名词（短语）7
形容词4 副词 2
新高考I卷
记叙文
宿营的乐趣
动词（短语） 5 形容词3 副词1名词（短语）5 介词1
2021
全国甲卷
记叙文
诚恳地写道歉信起作用了
动词（短语）10 形容词5
名词（短语）4 副词 1
全国乙卷
夹叙夹议文
对别人的付出要表示真诚的感谢
动词（短语）10 形容词2
名词（短语）7 副词2
新高考I卷
记叙文
工厂打工赚钱的感触
动词（短语）9 形容词4
名词（短语）2
2020
全国卷I
夹叙夹议文
对孩子善意的谎言引发的思考
动词（短语）8 形容词3
名词（短语）8 副词2
介词短语1
全国卷II
记叙文
偶然间竞拍的画作带来的惊喜
动词11 名词4
形容词3 副词2
全国卷III
记叙文
如何正确对待难缠的顾客
动词8 名词3 介词短语2
形容词（短语）6 副词1

【考纲解读】

考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
在一篇250词左右的短文中留出20/15个空白，体裁以记叙文为主，尤其是“小故事，大道理”，传递正能量。
既考查考生的英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运用语言的能力。
主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力。以动词、名词、形容词、副词考查为主，其他词为辅，突出词汇语境化。突出在语境中对英语核心素养的考查。

全国卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅。从选材到试题的设置都呈现出＂稳中有变＂的特点：
1. 题材相对稳定：遵循“文章内容生活化”原则，传递真善美的正能量。语篇以记叙文为主，主题语境包括人与自我和人与自然。
2. 命题核心：讲考查的重点放在理解全文、通篇考虑、掌握大意、注重关联等方面。
3. 题目设置：降低对单词本身意义的考查要求，文中没有生僻字、长难句不多；对数词生义、一词多义适度考查。考点以实词为主，其中对动词、名词、形容词考查较多。
4. 整体结构：完形填空的第一句一般不设空，考生深度理解第一句，对把握文章的主旨和揣测故事的走向很有帮助。
高考预测




观察并分析近三年全国高考试题，预测2023年高考试题还会注重对语篇层次的考查。文章基本控制在280个词左右，文体以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，话题多样，但均贴近生活。 文章结构大致相同，首句不设空，以动词、名词为主，其次是形容词和副词。着重考查考生对文章语境的理解，词汇运用能力，阅读理解能力，分析判断能力，逻辑推理能力和跨文化的交际能力。
重点考查：动词、名词、形容词、副词的词义辨析以及动词短语、介词短语的辨析。
其中高考完型动词和动词短语考察的题量居多，所以考生复习期间对于动词的词汇量掌握要更加广泛一点。
【备考策略】
1. 明确完形填空的答题步骤，掌握完形填空的答题技巧，进行科学训练。重视文章的关键句、主题句、升华局。把握文章的主题思想和作者的写作态度和观点。
2. 掌握词汇的基本用法，不过多关注词汇的辨析。在培养语篇思维能力的同时进行词汇的选择运用。
　 3. 集中训练完形填空2篇为一组，时间控制在每篇13-15分钟之内。做题之后注意总结和彻底查清单词的辨义和语篇的理解。

应试技巧








No.1 读透首句，掌握主旨
重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的＂突破口＂。
No.2 跳空速读全文，掌握中心
速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。
No.3 身临其境，故事重构
采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。
No.4 关注末段，注意感想
最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。
No.5 浏览全文，复查核定
根据记叙文的线索，进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点：
（1）语意是否前后一致；
（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；
（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；
（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。
（5）小心常用词汇熟词生义



真题回眸



(2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___42___. When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was ___44___ that he was an animal lover, I ___45___ that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___46___, the cat.
The next week we ___47___ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ___48___, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so ___49___? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. ______50______, I began to fall for him.
We ______51______ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her ______52______. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly ______53______ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve ______54______ his house. All worked ______55______. The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, ______56______ Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team ______57______ for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my ______58______, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I ______59______ him to. That’s only for giving ______60______ to the dogs that brought us together.
41．A．ownership B．membership C．companionship D．leadership
42．A．reservations B．expectations C．confidence D．prejudice
43．A．feared B．doubted C．hoped D．learned
44．A．unsatisfied B．amused C．terrified D．thrilled
45．A．predicted B．worried C．regretted D．insisted
46．A．Flora B．Chance C．Molly D．Tilly
47．A．tied B．walked C．bathed D．fed
48．A．breath B．balance C．attention D．imagination
49．A．calm B．sure C．soon D．real
50．A．By the way B．In that case C．By all means D．In that moment
51．A．continued B．decided C．intended D．pretended
52．A．eye B．tail C．ear D．leg
53．A．secretly B．constantly C．eventually D．unwillingly
54．A．left B．sold C．suggested D．searched
55．A．late B．hard C．fine D．free
56．A．emptied B．respected C．occupied D．discovered
57．A．looking B．caring C．waiting D．calling
58．A．delight B．credit C．interest D．disadvantage
59．A．beg B．trust C．need D．aid
60．A．toys B．awards C．food D．water
【答案】
41．C    42．A    43．D    44．D    45．B    46．A    47．B    48．A    49．C    50．D    51．A    52．D    53．B    54．C    55．C    56．B    57．B    58．A    59．C    60．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生爱意，在之后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。根据“keep my loneliness at bay”可知，此处是指它们的陪伴。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A. reservations保留；B. expectations期望；C. confidence信心；D. prejudice偏见。根据后文“three dogs were perhaps too many”(三条狗可能太多了)可知，此处是指“我”一开始有所顾忌和保留。故选A。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned了解到。根据“he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora”可知，此处是指了解到这一情况。故选D。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. unsatisfied不满意的；B. amused愉快的；C. terrified害怕的；D. thrilled非常开心的。根据前文“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance.”(多年来，我喜欢和我的狗——蒂莉和吉斯——一起生活。)可知，“我”很高兴他是一个动物爱好者。故选D。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. predicted预测；B. worried担心；C. regretted后悔；D. insisted坚持。根据“three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack”可知，此处是指“我”很担心。故选B。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. Flora弗洛拉；B. Chance查恩斯；C. Molly莫莉；D. Tilly蒂莉。根据前文“he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora”可知，此处是指担心“我”的狗攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二周，我们一起遛狗。A. tied系；B. walked牵着（动物）走；C. bathed沐浴；D. fed喂养。根据后文“When we paused”可知，此处是指一起遛狗。故选B。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A. breath呼吸；B. balance平衡；C. attention注意力；D. imagination想象。根据“Steve got down on one knee”可知，此处是指停下来休息。 故选A。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快？A. calm冷静的；B. sure确定的；C. soon很快的；D real真正的。根据前文“Was he proposing (求婚)?”(他是在求婚吗？)可知，此处是指约会的第二周就求婚太快了。故选C。
50．考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A. By the way顺便说一句；B. In that case那样的话；C. By all means务必；D. In that moment那一刻。根据前文“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.”(他从瓶子里把水倒在手里，递给我的狗。)可知，此处是指就在那一刻“我”开始爱上他。故选D。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A. continued继续；B. decided决定；C. intended打算；D. pretended假装。根据“though neither of us brought up the future”可知，此处是指“我”们继续约会。故选A。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月下旬，Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A. eye眼睛；B. tail尾巴；C. ear耳朵；D. leg腿。根据后文“climbing the stairs could reopen the wound”(爬楼梯会让伤口重新裂开)可知，此处是指Tilly的腿做了一次手术。故选D。
53．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开。A. secretly秘密地；B. constantly不断地；C. eventually最终；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据前文“I took the dogs out four times a day”(我每天带狗出去四次)可知，此处是指不断地爬楼梯。故选B。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫建议去他家。A. left离开；B. sold卖；C. suggested建议，推荐；D. searched搜寻。根据后文“We made good housemates.”(我们成了很好的室友。)可知，此处是指史蒂夫建议去他家。故选C。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A. late晚的；B. hard困难的；C. fine好的；D. free自由的。根据后文“We made good housemates.”(我们成了很好的室友。)可知，此处是指一切都很好。故选C。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. emptied清空；B. respected尊重；C. occupied占据；D. discovered发现。根据后文“We made good housemates.”(我们成了很好的室友。)可知，此处是指狗狗们会尊重猫咪的空间。故选B。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. looking看；B. caring照顾；C. waiting等待；D. calling打电话。根据前文“Tilly had an operation”可知，此处是指史蒂夫和“我”一起照顾Tilly。故选B。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。A. delight高兴；B. credit信用；C. interest兴趣；D. disadvantage缺点。根据“this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me”可知，此处是指“我”很高兴。故选A。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任；C. need需要；D. aid帮助。根据nor和“He did not kneel (跪) down”可知，此处是指“我”也不需要他跪下。故选C。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards奖励；C. food食物；D. water水。根据“brought us together”和前文“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.”可知，此处是指给爱犬喝水的举动。故选D。

(2022·新高考全国I卷)
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____41____ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its ____42____throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ____43____ help during our spring break, for which I had no____44____ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ____45____ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory____46____. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____47____.
Our____48____in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.____49____ bunny from the belt. This was ______50______ than it sounds.______51______ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d  ______52______ .
Dad _____53_____. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood______54______ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you______55______ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
41．A．sold B．ordered C．made D．reserved
42．A．stores B．families C．schools D．citizens
43．A．generous B．financial C．technical D．temporary
44．A．plans B．problems C．excuses D．hobbies
45．A．offer B．earn C．set D．suggest
46．A．worked B．closed C．developed D．survived
47．A．ambition B．permission C．experience D．invitation
48．A．joys B．ideas C．roles D．choices
49．A．Save B．Keep C．Stop D．Remove
50．A．harder B．better C．longer D．cheaper
51．A．Calm down B．Slow down C．Stay on D．Move on
52．A．indicated B．witnessed C．expected D．remembered
53．A．cried B．smiled C．hesitated D．refused
54．A．tasting B．finding C．sharing D．delivering
55．A．withdraw B．donate C．receive D．appreciate
【答案】
41．C    42．A    43．D    44．A    45．B    46．A    47．B    48．C    49．D    50．A    51．B    52．C    53．B    54．D    55．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在一次春假时，作者去工厂打工赚钱，感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让孩子感谢得到的报酬，而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered命令；C. made制作；D. reserved预定。根据下文“Our ____8____ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. ____9____  bunny from the belt.”可知，这家面包店是制作兔子蛋糕的。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭；C. schools学校；D. citizens市民。根据下文“throughout Cleveland”以及常识可知，此处表示这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。故选A。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，这段时间我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的；B. financial金融的；C. technical技术的；D. temporary暂时的。根据下文“during our spring break”可知，这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，这段时间我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. excuses借口；D. hobbies爱好。根据下文“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知，此处表示作者没有其他计划。故选A。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会挣最低工资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得；C. set放置；D. suggest建议。根据下文“minimum wage”可知，作者会挣最低工资。故选B。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会看到工厂是如何运作的。A. worked运作；B. closed关闭；C. developed发展；D. survived幸存。根据上文“I’d see how a factory”可知，此处表示作者可以看到工厂是如何运作的。故选A。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的允许。A. ambition抱负；B. permission允许；C. experience经历；D. invitation邀请。根据上文“My parents thought all of this was a grand idea”可知，作者的父母认为这个主意很好，所以他们打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的允许。故选B。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。A. joys欢乐；B. ideas观点；C. roles任务；D. choices选择。根据下文“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. ____9____  bunny from the belt.”可知，此处表示作者在工厂的任务。故选C。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把兔子蛋糕从传送带上拿下来。A. Save节省；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止；D. Remove移动。根据下文“bunny from the belt.”可知，此处表示把兔子蛋糕从传送带上拿下来。故选D。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的；C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据下文“_____11_____  a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知，这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。
51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢一点，蛋糕就堆起来了。A. Calm down平静下来；B. Slow down慢一点；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on往前走。根据下文“and the cakes pile up”以及常识可知，速度慢一点，传送带上的蛋糕就会堆积起来。故选B。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一晚的晚餐时告诉父母的那样，压力比我预想的要大一点。A. indicated表明；B. witnessed目击；C. expected预料；D. remembered记得。根据上文“This was  _____10_____  than it sounds. _____11_____  a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知，工作的实际情况比作者预料的压力更大。故选C。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭；B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫；D. refused拒绝。根据下文“This was the sort of work that made you _____15_____  the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”可知，作者的父亲看到作者在挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，父亲笑了。故选B。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送食物。A. tasting品尝；B. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering递送。根据上文“The son of a grocer”可知，作为一个杂货商的儿子，作者的父亲夏天会去送食物。故选D。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐赠；C. receive收到；D. appreciate感激。根据下文“the dollars you earned”以及常识可知，此处表示感激自己劳动所得的报酬。故选D。


名校预测





（安徽省部分名校2023年高三联考预测）
I was out shopping with my kids. I would do my best to___21___money, trying to make ends meet at the end of the month. When we stopped at our favorite___22___, I saw a lady sitting by the roadside with a sign, saying she was homeless and needed___23___. I figured on the ___24___ that I thought was enough to pay for our food. And I handed the rest to the lady. ___25___ , the next day was my pay day.
We stepped into the bakery for a___26___for myself and my kid’s favorite cow cookies the bakery had ___27___to customers for more than 30 years.___28___, I was told prices had ___29___. The cookies which I used to get for $1.99 each were $2.50 now. I decided to give up my coffee. When the baker said the cookies were $ 12.50 in total,I told her, “I have to keep it under $12.00. This is the total I have in my____30____.”
Surprisingly, she rounded it down to $10. After I____31____her and was walking out, she told me to ____32____. She handed me two____33____cow cookies. It was a small____34____but made me feel so happy to receive. When we do one act of kindness, it gets____35____in return.
21．A．earn B．save C．spend D．donate
22．A．bakery B．market C．bar D．district
23．A．time B．patience C．help D．peace
24．A．situation B．food C．solution D．money
25．A．In all B．Above all C．After all D．At all
26．A．dish B．coffee C．cake D．sandwich
27．A．offered B．showed C．awarded D．owed
28．A．Fortunately B．Apparently C．Fundamentally D．Unexpectedly
29．A．mounted B．declined C．existed D．recovered
30．A．safe B．report C．car D．wallet
31．A．approached B．charged C．thanked D．refused
32．A．leave B．relax C．reflect D．stop
33．A．extra B．real C．raw D．strange
34．A．dream B．discipline C．gesture D．habit
35．A．simplified B．multiplied C．contributed D．calculated
【答案】
21．B    22．A    23．C    24．D    25．C    26．B    27．A    28．D    29．A    30．D    31．C    32．D    33．A    34．C    35．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述作者留够自用的钱才买食物，把剩余的钱赠送给了无家可归需要帮助的人。但是当自己购买所需的食物时，被告知已经涨价了，作者买不了原本打算买的食物，但幸运的是老板降低了价钱，并且额外赠送给作者两块饼干。作者认为之前的善意行为收到了成倍的回报。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和孩子们出去购物了。我会尽我最大的努力存钱，尽量在月底达到收支平衡。A. earn赚，赢得；B. save节省；C. spend花费；D. donate捐赠。根据后文“trying to make ends meet at the end of the month.”可知，作者尽量省钱，这样可以在月底达到收支平衡。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们在我们最喜欢的面包店前停下时，我看到一位女士坐在路边，举着一块牌子，说她无家可归，需要帮助。A. bakery面包店；B. market市场；C. bar酒吧；D. district区域。根据后文“We stepped into the bakery for a ___6___ for myself”可知，作者在面包店前面停了下来。故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. time时间；B. patience耐心；C. help帮助；D. peace和平。根据前文“she was homeless”可知，该女士是无家可归，需要帮助。故选C。
24．考查词义辨析。句意：我计算了一下我认为足够支付我们的食物的钱。A. situation情形；B. food食物；C. solution解决方式；D. money钱。根据下文“I thought was enough to pay for our food”可知，作者计算了自己有足够的钱支付自己要购买的食物。故选D。
25．考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，第二天是我发工资的日子。A. In all总计；B. Above all首当其冲；C. After all毕竟；D. At all根本。根据前文“And I handed the rest to the lady”可知，作者把钱送给了那位求助的女士，因为作者计算了自己有足够的钱支付自己要购买的食物，并且毕竟，第二天是发工资的日子，解释了作者送钱给该女士的原因。故选C。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们走进面包店，为了给自己买杯咖啡，和给孩子们买最喜欢的奶牛饼干。A. dish盘子，菜；B. coffee咖啡；C. cake蛋糕；D. sandwich三明治。根据后文“I decided to give up my coffee.”可知，此处指作者要为自己买咖啡。故选B。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这家面包店已经为顾客提供了30多年的服务。A. offered提供；B. showed展示；C. awarded颁发；D. owed欠。此处表示该面包店已经做了30年的面包提供给顾客。故选A。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，我被告知物价上涨了。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Apparently明显地；C. Fundamentally基础地；D. Unexpectedly出乎意料地，意想不到地。根据后文“The cookies which I used to get for $1.99 each were $2.50 now.”可知，让作者出乎意料的是，价格上涨了。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，我被告知物价上涨了。A. mounted登山，上涨；B. declined拒绝；C. existed存在；D. recovered恢复。根据后文“The cookies which I used to get for $1.99 each were $2.50 now.”可知，让作者出乎意料的是，物价上涨了。故选A。
30．考查形容词/名词词义辨析。句意：我得把价格控制在12美元以下。这是我钱包里的钱。A. safe安全的；B. report报告；C. car汽车；D. wallet钱包。根据前文“I have to keep it under $12.00.”可知，作者的钱包里总共有12美元。故选D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我谢过她，正要走出去，她让我停下来。A. approached接近；B. charged索费；C. thanked感谢；D. refused拒绝。根据前文“Surprisingly, she rounded it down to $10.”可知，店主降低了钱数，仅收作者10美元，故作者感谢了她。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. leave离开；B. relax使轻松；C. reflect反射，反思；D. stop停止。根据前文“After I ___11___ her and was walking out”以及后文的“She handed me two ___13___ cow cookies.”可知，作者正往外走，而店主又递给了作者东西，故作者停了下来。故选D。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她又递给我两块牛奶饼干。A. extra额外的；B. real真的；C. raw生的；D. strange奇怪的，陌生的。此处表示在原有的基础上，店主有赠送给作者额外的两块牛奶饼干。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个小小的举动，但让我感到非常高兴。A. dream梦想；B. discipline纪律；C. gesture举动，姿势；D. habit习惯。根据前文“She handed me two ___13___ cow cookies.”可知，店主额外赠送了作者两块牛奶饼干，这个小小的举动让作者很高兴。故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们做了一件善事，它会得到成倍的回报。A. simplified简化；B. multiplied加倍；C. contributed有助于；D. calculated计算。根据前文“Surprisingly, she rounded it down to $10.”以及“She handed me two ___13___ cow cookies.”可知，作者帮助了无家可归的女人，后来自己在买东西钱不够支付的时候，店主不仅给作者降价，而且还额外赠送了饼干，由此作者认为之前的善意行为收到了成倍的回报。故选B。

（河南省TOP二十名校2023年高三四月冲刺考试题）
There is an older homeless woman who sometimes is sitting near where I am living, begging for money. Unfortunately, the inner city places are often being strongly ___1___ by younger men and women who try to ___2___ the space.
Whenever I see her, I make sure to give her something, and at least to talk to her for a few seconds if I have a tight ___3___. When young people ___4___ around, I often make sure to drop a few coins into her cup while passing her a note without anybody seeing it in the ___5___ that they will leave her alone.
Today I was again ___6___ her, giving her some money and some food. I ___7___ before her and then kept down to ask her how she was. She ___8___ me by saying that she wanted to thank me not just for the ___9___ but for always talking to her.
She ____10____ how hard it was for her to have so little money that she had to ____11____ and that she often felt ashamed. She now has ____12____ for several days to talk to me and to thank me for ____13____ her like a human being. People walking by, sometimes dropping some money, but ____14____ making eye contact or talking to her make her feel even more ____15____. And she said she was looking forward to me ____16____ by, because she knew I would look at her and have a ____17____ with her. I had tears in my eyes when thinking of this. Such a small ____18____ would mean so much to her.
I still don’t know why she is on the street, and maybe one day she will ____19____, but I will not ask her right away. But I will be even more on the ____20____ for her, making sure to talk to her as often as possible!
1．A．refused B．requested C．supported D．ignored
2．A．change B．paint C．enlarge D．occupy
3．A．finance B．opportunity C．break D．schedule
4．A．sit B．look C．hang D．live
5．A．hope B．fear C．case D．way
6．A．noticing B．phoning C．passing D．demanding
7．A．ran B．stopped C．nodded D．spoke
8．A．encouraged B．inspired C．interrupted D．surprised
9．A．money B．kindness C．patience D．advice
10．A．denied B．argued C．mentioned D．forgot
11．A．work B．beg C．sit D．move
12．A．prepared B．hesitated C．struggled D．stayed
13．A．minding B．teaching C．treating D．supporting
14．A．occasionally B．willingly C．gladly D．rarely
15．A．ashamed B．worried C．upset D．proud
16．A．living B．walking C．standing D．driving
17．A．rest B．solution C．conversation D．share
18．A．act B．praise C．reward D．gift
19．A．move away B．start out C．break down D．open up
20．A．agenda B．lookout C．ground D．Course
【答案】
1． B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。作者每次路过一个乞讨的老妇人，都会尽量给她一些东西，并蹲下来跟她聊一会儿天，这让这位老妇人非常感动。老妇人对作者的举动表示感谢，这也让作者意识到自己微不足道的举动对老妇人的意义。
1． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，试图占据市中心位置的年轻男女往往强烈要求得到这块区域。A. refused拒绝；B. requested要求；C. supported支持；D. ignored忽视。根据上文的Unfortunately可知，老人所在的这个地方经常被年轻人要求占有。故选B。
2． 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. change改变；B. paint用颜料画；C. enlarge扩大；D. occupy占据。结合空前的“the inner city places are often being strongly 　　1　　 by younger men and women”可知，这个地方经常被年轻人要求占有，再根据空后的“the space”可知，他们想占据这个地方。故选D。
3． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当我见到她时，我一定会给她一些东西，如果我经济紧张，那我至少会和她聊几秒钟。A. finance（个人或公司的）财源，财力；B. opportunity机会；C. break休息；D. schedule工作计划。根据上文的“I make sure to give her something”和空前的“if I have a tight”可知，一般情况下，作者会给这位老人一些东西，如果财力确实紧张，那作者至少和她聊一会儿。故选A。
4． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当年轻人闲逛时，我经常确保在没有人看到的情况下递给她一张纸票的时候往她的杯子里扔几个硬币，希望他们不要打扰她。A. sit坐；B. look看；C. hang闲荡，常和around一起使用；D. live生活。根据下文中的“without anybody seeing it”和“they will leave her alone”可推测，年轻人在这里游荡，所以作者在给老妇人钱的时候才小心翼翼。故选C。
5． 考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. hope希望；B. fear害怕；C. case实例；D. way方式。in the hope that...为固定搭配，意为“抱着……希望”。空后的“that they will leave her alone”是作者的希望。故选A。
6． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天我又路过她身边，给了她一些钱和食物。A. noticing注意到；B. phoning打电话；C. passing走过；D. demanding强烈要求。根据上文的“Whenever I see her”可知，此处是说作者又一次路过这个老妇人身边。故选C。
7． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在她面前停了下来，然后蹲下来问她怎么样。A. ran跑；B. stopped停下；C. nodded点头；D. spoke说话。根据空后的“before her and then kept down”可知，作者从她旁边经过的时候，在她面前停下，蹲下跟她说话。故选B。
8． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她想感谢我，不仅是因为我给的钱，还因为我总是和她说话，这让我很惊讶。A. encouraged鼓励；B. inspired鼓舞；C. interrupted打断；D. surprised使惊讶。根据上文内容和空后的“by saying that she wanted to thank me”可知，作者一直给这个老妇人东西，并和她聊天，而这是老妇人第一次对作者表示感谢，所以作者为此感到惊讶。故选D。
9． 考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. money钱；B. kindness善良；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文的“I often make sure to drop a few coins”和“giving her some money and some food”可知，作者给她钱，但是她不仅仅是为钱而向作者表达感谢。故选A。
10． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她提到，她有这么少的钱，以至于不得不乞讨，这对她来说是多么艰难，她经常感到羞愧。A. denied否认；B. argued争辩；C. mentioned提到；D. forgot忘记。空后的“how hard it was for her to have so little money that she had to 　　11　　_ and that she often felt ashamed”是这个老妇人说的话，所以这里是她提到了这些事情。故选C。
11． 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. work工作；B. beg乞讨；C. sit坐；D. move移动。根据第一段第一句“There is an older homeless woman who sometimes is sitting near where I am living, begging for money.(有一位老年的流浪妇女，她有时坐在我住的地方附近乞讨。)”可知，这个老妇人因为不得已才乞讨。故选B。
12． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她现在已经准备好几天要和我说话，感谢我把她当作一个人对待。A. prepared准备；B. hesitated犹豫；C. struggled挣扎；D. stayed停留，待。根据空后的“for several days to talk tome and to thank me”可知，她为了和作者谈话已经准备了好几天。故选A。
13． 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. minding介意；B. teaching教；C. treating对待；D. supporting支持。根据空后的“her like a human being”可知，作者把她当作一个普通人来对待。故选C。
14． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：走过的人，有时会丢一些钱，但很少与她有眼神交流或跟她交谈，这让她感到更加羞愧。A. occasionally偶尔；B. willingly愿意地；C. gladly高兴地；D. rarely很少。根据空前的but可知，这些人的做法和作者不一样，他们只是丢下钱，很少和她有眼神交流或跟她交谈。故选D。
15． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. ashamed羞愧；B. worried担忧；C. upset难过；D. proud骄傲。根据上文中的“she often felt ashamed”可知，这里是说她感到更加羞愧。故选A。
16． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：而且她说她很期待我路过，因为她知道我会看着她，和她交谈。A. living生活；B. walking走，步行；C. standing站立；D. driving驾驶。根据上文中的“Today I was again 　　6　　 her”和“People walking by”可知，她盼望着作者走过。故选B。
17． 考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. rest休息；B. solution解决方法；C. conversation谈话；D. share一份。根据上文中的“for always talking to her”可知，作者会和她谈话。故选C。
18． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样一个小小的行为会对她有这么重要的意义。A. act行为；B. praise赞扬；C. reward奖励；D. gift礼物。根据空前的“Such a small”可知，作者与她交谈是这样小的一个举动。故选A。
19． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我仍然不知道她为什么会流落街头，也许有一天她会敞开心扉，但我不会马上问她。A. move away搬走；B. start out开始；C. break down出故障；D. open up直抒胸臆，畅所欲言。根据空前的“maybe one day she will”和空后的“but I will not ask her right away”，作者现在不会直接问她，也许有一天她会对作者敞开心扉。故选D。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我会更加关注她，确保尽可能多地和她说话！A. agenda（会议的）议程表；B. lookout监视处；C. ground地面；D. course课程。be on the lookout for意为“注意，留心”。根据空后的“making sure to talk to her as often as possible”可知，作者会继续关注她。故选B。

名师押题




第一篇
As the train picked up its speed, the passengers slowly settled down on their seats. A window seat is always my favorite. I ____21____ the lower berth (铺位),so that I could enjoy the ____22____ of outside from the moving train． I don’t know why I always preferred to get the ____23____ seat. An elderly lady ____24____ the front seat of mine. I looked at her She must be in her eighties, I guessed. At one point, we met our ____25____. She smiled at me and I gave her a response Both of us were ____26____. By that time, the train was in its full speed.
It was 7:00 pm, evening time. So, ____27____ time was still in a long way, I couldn’t ____28____ myself any longer and asked, ”Auntie Where are you going?”
She looked at me and friendly said, “____29____ camp, dear. ”
Suddenly my enthusiasm ____30____ to know the reason. I politely said. “Auntie, you are ____31____ someone?”
She smiled and said, “Yes!”
Just to continue the conversation, I talked to her in a very cheerful____32____ "Auntie, you must be feeling so ____33____ to see your child and your grandchildren. ”
____34____, this question hurt her a little but boldly she answered,
"Oh, dear! You are so sweet! Anyway, I had only one son who was ____35____ and was killed in a battle just a few days before. I bought so many new clothes for him. So, I thought why not ____36____ my son’s clothes for some other soldiers, so that I would control my ____37____ and would be happy thinking that my own son has ____38____ it. ”
I was shocked hearing her heartbreaking story! But I ____39____ the old lady from the core of my heart when I was thinking of her ____40____ heart!
21．A．preferred B．reserved C．overlooked D．substituted
22．A．beauty B．fantasy C．impression D．miracle
23．A．back B．front C．window D．best
24．A．undertook B．occupied C．controlled D．possessed
25．A．heads B．hands C．faces D．eyes
26．A．silent B．amazed C．considerate D．concerned
27．A．supper B．bed C．play D．chat
28．A．balance B．commit C．excuse D．resist
29．A．City B．Neighborhood C．School D．Army
30．A．shrank B．accelerated C．doubled D．chanced
31．A．mourning B．visiting C．missing D．considering
32．A．mood B．rhythm C．condition D．situation
33．A．curious B．tentative C．excited D．sincere
34．A．Instead B．Eventually C．Hopefully D．Perhaps
35．A．cast away B．called up C．picked up D．brought in
36．A．distribute B．spare C．collect D．share
37．A．thrill B．scare C．sorrow D．delight
38．A．worn B．found C．dyed D．worshiped
39．A．saluted B．recognized C．understood D．memorized
40．A．broken B．fascinating C．stubborn D．brave


【答案】
21． B    22．A    23．C    24．B    25．D    26．A    27．B    28．D    29．D    30．C    31．B    32．A    33．C    34．D    35．B    36．B    37．C    38．A    39．A    40．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。“我”在火车遇到一位老人，她失去了年轻的参军的儿子，却想把给儿子买的衣服给其他士兵，认为那就像自己的儿子穿在身上一样。她的故事令人心碎，但她勇敢的心也让“我”心生敬佩。
22． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我预定了下铺，这样我就可以在行进中的火车上欣赏外面的美景。A. preferred更喜欢；B. reserved预定；C. overlooked忽略；D. substituted代替。根据后文“the lower berth”可知，作者预定（购买）了下铺。故选B项。
23． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我预定了下铺，这样我就可以在行进中的火车上欣赏外面的美景。A. beauty美（景、事物、人）；B. fantasy幻想；C. impression印象；D. miracle奇迹。根据空前“enjoy”和后文“ of outside from the moving train”可知作者想欣赏外面的美景。故选A项。
24． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道为什么我总是喜欢靠窗的座位。A. back后部；B. front前部；C. window窗户；D. best最好的事物（或人）。根据上文提到的欣赏窗外的美景，可知作者喜欢靠窗的位置。故选C项。
25． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位上了年纪的女士坐了我的前座。A. undertook承担；B. occupied占用，占据（空间，时间）；C. controlled控制；D. possessed拥有。根据后文“the front seat of mine”可知，这位女士坐了我前面的位置，即占用了座位。故选B项。
26． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：偶然间，我们四目相接。A. heads头；B. hands手；C. faces脸；D. eyes眼睛。根据后文“She smiled at me”可知，我们的眼神相对了。故选D项。
27． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们俩都没说话。A. silent沉默的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. considerate考虑周到的；D. concerned关心的。根据前文“She smiled at me and I gave her a response ”可知，我们只是礼貌地回对方以微笑，因此是沉默的。故选A项。

第二篇
In 1945，Sergeant (中士) John Gonsalves was sent to Germany soon after the Second World War ended, and he couldn’t wait to return home. In the meantime, he decided to send a letter to his ____21____, but the letter never arrived.____22____, it never arrived on time. Somehow, this lost letter from 1945 was____23____in 2021.____24____workers did everything they could to deliver it to the ____25____of John’s family as soon as possible.
Although John____26____in 2015 at the age of 92, he was____27____by his wife, Angelina Gonsalves and their five sons.
“The mailman came and said, ‘Was your husband once in the____28____?’ And I said, ‘Yes, he was,’ And he said, ‘Well, I think I have a letter for you,’” Angelina____29____ . “I couldn’t believe it. And then I_____30_____that it was his_____31_____, you know? It was just so_____32_____.”
In the two-page letter, John gave his mom a(n)_____33_____on what life had been like at the station in Bad Orb, Germany. Most_____34_____, though, John expressed his love for his_____35_____, wishing them well and letting them know he was looking forward to returning home. He ended the letter with, “Love and_____36_____, your son, John. I will be seeing you soon,I hope.”
Although the letter is 76 years late, it couldn’t have arrived at a_____37_____time. It reached John’s family during the Christmas season, one of his favorite holidays.
“It was a joy to see her_____38_____light up as she was reading his_____39_____,” Brian Gonsalves, one of their sons, said. “He was a good man. He really was,” Angelina said, “Everybody loved him. That was_____40_____. It seemed that he came back to me.”
21．A．son B．mom C．wife D．father
22．A．Or rather B．Or else C．Above all D．In all
23．A．described B．destroyed C．demanded D．discovered
24．A．Medical B．Technical C．Postal D．Physical
25．A．hands B．bags C．drawers D．cars
26．A．watched out B．set off C．passed away D．showed up
27．A．inspected B．instructed C．scolded D．survived
28．A．team B．army C．committee D．government
29．A．insisted B．reminded C．interrupted D．recalled
30．A．forgot B．wrote C．recognized D．reported
31．A．handwriting B．capacity C．honour D．opinion
32．A．reasonable B．predictable C．amazing D．disappointing
33．A．rule B．update C．operation D．theory
34．A．likely B．unnecessarily C．reliably D．importantly
35．A．family B．neighbors C．colleagues D．branch
36．A．pity B．sacrifices C．kisses D．honesty
37．A．safer B．busier C．worse D．better
38．A．hair B．face C．hat D．room
39．A．poems B．essays C．phrases D．words
40．A．acceptable B．suitable C．unbelievable D．Imaginable
【答案】
20． B 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A 36．C 37．D 38．B 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述1945年二战结束后，美国中士John Gonsalves从德国寄信给美国的母亲，但直到2021年信件才被发现并递送给他家人。
21． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，他决定给妈妈寄一封信，但信一直没到。A. son儿子；B. mom妈妈；C. wife妻子；D. father父亲。根据下文“In the two-page letter, John gave his mom a(n)____13____on what life had been like at the station in Bad Orb, Germany.”可知，他是给他的妈妈写了一封信。故选B。
22． 考查副词短语辨析。句意：或者更确切地说，它从未按时到达。A. Or rather或者更确切地说是；B. Or else或者；C. Above all最重要的是；D. In all总共。根据下文“it never arrived on time”可知，这封信不是一直没到，所以“更确切的说法”是到晚了。故选A。
23． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知怎的，这封1945年丢失的信是在2021被发现的。A. described描述；B.destroyed 破坏；C. demanded要求；D. discovered发现。根据下文“____4____workers did everything they could to deliver it to the ____5____of John’s family as soon as possible.”可知，这份丢失的信在2021年被发现了。故选D。
24． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：邮政工作人员竭尽全力，尽快将它交给约翰的家人。A. Medical医疗的；B. Technical技术的；C. Postal邮政的；D. Physical身体的。根据下文“did everything they could to deliver it”可知，是邮政工作人员尽自己最大的努力想把这封信送给约翰的家人。故选C。
25． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：邮政工作人员竭尽全力，尽快将它交给约翰的家人。A. hands手；B. bags包；C. drawers抽屉；D. cars汽车。根据下文“John’s family”可知，邮政工作人员尽自己最大的努力把信送到了约翰家人的手里。故选A。
26． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管约翰于2015年去世，享年92岁，他留下了妻子安吉丽娜·冈萨维斯和他们的五个儿子。A. watched out注意；B. set off抵消；C. passed away去世；D. showed up出现。根据下文“at the age of 92”可知，约翰已经去世了。故选C。
27． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管约翰于2015年去世，享年92岁，他留下了妻子安吉丽娜·冈萨维斯和他们的五个儿子。A. inspected检查；B. instructed指导；C. scolded责骂；D. survived比……活得长。根据空后“by his wife, Angelina Gonsalves and their five sons”可知，约翰的妻子和他的五个儿子都还活在世间。survive是“比……活得长”的意思。故选D。
28． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你丈夫参过军吗?A. team团队；B. army军队；C. committee委员会；D. government政府。根据上文“In 1945，Sergeant (中士) John Gonsalves was sent to Germany soon after the Second World War ended, and he couldn’t wait to return home. ”可知，邮递员问约翰的妻子是否约翰参过军。故选B。
29． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：安吉丽娜回忆道。A. insisted坚持；B. reminded提醒；C. interrupted中断；D. recalled回忆。根据引号里的内容可知，约翰的妻子是在回忆当时的情景。故选D。
30． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我认出那是他的笔迹，你知道吗？A. forgot忘记；B. wrote写；C. recognized认出；D. reported报道。根据“In the two-page letter, John gave his mom a(n)____13____on what life had been like at the station in Bad Orb, Germany. ”可知，这封信是约翰写给他的母亲的，所以他的妻子看到后认出了约翰的笔迹。故选C。
31． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我认出那是他的笔迹，你知道吗？A. handwriting笔迹；B. capacity容量；C. honour荣誉；D. opinion意见。根据下文“In the two-page letter, John gave his mom a(n)____13____on what life had been like at the station in Bad Orb, Germany. ”可知，这封信是约翰写给他的母亲的，所以他的妻子看到后认出了约翰的笔迹。故选A。
32． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真是太神奇了。A. reasonable合理的；B. predictable可预测的；C. amazing令人大为惊奇的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据上文“I couldn’t believe it.”可知，约翰的妻子觉得在这个时候还能收到约翰的信是一件非常神奇的事情。故选C。
33． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这封两页的信中，约翰向他的母亲讲述了他在德国Bad Orb车站的生活近况。A. rule规则；B. update最新消息；C. operation操作；D. theory学说。根据空后“on what life had been like at the station in Bad Orb, Germany”可知，约翰在信中讲述了他在德国Bad Orb车站的生活近况。说明约翰在连续两封信更新了他的近况。故选B。
34． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，最重要的是，约翰表达了他对家人的爱，祝他们一切都好，并让他们知道他盼望着回家。A. likely可能；B. unnecessarily不必要地；C. reliably可靠地；D. importantly重要的是。根据下文“John expressed his love for his____15____, wishing them well and letting them know he was looking forward to returning home.”可知，更重要的是，约翰表达了他对家人的爱并表达他希望回家的心情。故选D。
35． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，最重要的是，约翰表达了他对家人的爱，祝他们一切都好，并让他们知道他盼望着回家。A. family家庭；B. neighbors邻居；C. colleagues同事；D. branch树枝。根据下文“wishing them well and letting them know he was looking forward to returning home”可知，约翰表达了对家人的爱。故选A。
36． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：爱你的，吻你的，你的儿子约翰，我希望很快就能见到你。A. pity遗憾；B. sacrifices牺牲；C. kisses亲吻；D. honesty诚实。根据空前的love可知，信的最后是以约翰送给妈妈的爱和吻结尾的。故选C。
37． 考查性揉搓词义辨析。句意：尽管这封信晚了76年，但它到达的时间却再合适不过了。A. safer更安全；B. busier更忙碌的；C. worse更坏的；D. better较好的。根据下文“It reached John’s family during the Christmas season, one of his favorite holidays.”可知，虽然这封信到晚了，但是出现的时机却更好。故选D。
38． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到她读着他的信时容光焕发，真是一件令人高兴的事。A. hair头发；B. face脸；C. hat帽子；D. hat房间。根据空后“light up”可知，看到信后，约翰的妻子非常高兴，让她看起来脸上都有了光。故选B。
39． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到她读着他的信时容光焕发，真是一件令人高兴的事。A. poems诗歌；B. poems论文；C. phrases短语；D. words话。根据空前“she was reading his”可知，当约翰的妻子读到信中的那些话时，让她看起来脸上都有了光。故选D。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是难以置信的。A. acceptable可接受；B. suitable合适的；C. unbelievable难以置信的；D. imaginable想象得到的。根据下文“It seemed that he came back to me.”可知，这是一件难以置信的事情。让他们感觉约翰回到了他们身边。故选C。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：离睡觉的时间还早着呢。A. supper晚餐；B. bed床；C. play玩耍，游戏；D. chat聊天。根据前文“It was 7:00 pm, evening time.”及后文“ and asked”可知，作者认为现在还没到睡觉时间，并想通过聊天打发时间。故选B项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我实在忍不住寂寞，就问道，“阿姨，您这是到哪儿去呀？”A. balance平衡；B. commit犯（罪），承诺；C. excuse原谅；D. resist抵制。根据前文“I couldn’t”和后文“asked”可知作者无法抑制自己的好奇心。故选D项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她看看我，友好地说：“我到军营里去，亲爱的。”A. City城市；B. Neighborhood邻区；C. School学校；D. Army军队。根据后文“ my son’s clothes for some other soldiers”可知，这位女士的儿子也是一名士兵，所以她要去军营“army camp”。故选D项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我顿时兴致倍增，更想刨根问底了。A. shrank缩小；B. accelerated加速；C. doubled翻倍；D. chanced冒险做。根据后文“I politely said.”可知，作者在得知女士要去军营后又问了问题，因此作者的兴致倍增。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我礼貌地问，“您去拜访什么人吗？”A. mourning悼念；B. visiting参观，拜访；C. missing想念；D. considering考虑。根据后文“to see your child and your grandchildren”可知，作者问女士是不是去拜访某个人。故选B项。

32．考查名词词义辨析。为了继续谈话，我心情非常愉快地和她说话。A. mood心境，情绪；B. rhythm节奏；C. condition条件；D. situation情况。根据前文“in a very cheerful”可知，作者和女士聊天时，心情很愉快。故选A项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“阿姨，能看到自己的孩子和孙子，您一定很高兴”。A. curious好奇的；B. tentative试探性的，暂定的；C. excited兴奋的；D. sincere真诚的。根据后文“to see your child and your grandchildren”推测出，作者并不知情（女士的年轻儿子已去世），所以作者问女士，去看自己的儿子和孙子是否很兴奋。故选C项。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：听到我的问题，她似乎有些被戳到痛处，但她还是宽容的答道，“哦，亲爱的，你太好了。”A. Instead相反；B. Eventually最终；C. Hopefully有希望地；D. Perhaps也许。由于此时作者并不知情，所以作者从女士的反应上推测，觉得自己的问题也许伤害到了她。故选D项。
35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：不过，我只有一个儿子，他在几天前被征召入伍，在一场战斗中丧生。A. cast away丢掉，浪费；B. called up打电话，召集，使想起；C. picked up捡起，接（某人），不费力地学；D. brought in引进，生产，增加。根据后文“and was killed in a battle ”可知，女士的儿子被召集参军，并在一场战斗中丧生。故选B项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我就想，为什么不把给儿子的衣服送给其他的士兵呢，这样一来，我的悲伤或许会减轻一些，看到他们穿着这些衣服，就像我自己的儿子穿着一样，我一定会很高兴。A. distribute分配；B. spare拿出（时间、金钱等）；C. collect收集；D. share分享。根据后文“my son’s clothes for some other soldiers”可知，既然儿子已经去世，作者想把原本给儿子买的衣服拿出来给别的士兵。故选B项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，我就想，为什么不把给儿子的衣服送给其他的士兵呢，这样一来，我的悲伤或许会减轻一些，看到他们穿着这些衣服，就像我自己的儿子穿着一样，我一定会很高兴。A. thrill兴奋；B. scare害怕；C. sorrow悲伤；D. delight高兴。根据空前“control my ”和后文“ and would be happy”可知，通过把衣服送给别的士兵，这位女士可以控制自己的悲伤，并开心起来。故选C项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我就想，为什么不把给儿子的衣服送给其他的士兵呢，这样一来，我的悲伤或许会减轻一些，看到他们穿着这些衣服，就像我自己的儿子穿着一样，我一定会很高兴。A. worn穿（wear的过去分词）；B. found发现；C. dyed染色；D. worshiped敬奉，崇拜。根据前文“my son’s clothes for some other soldiers”和 “thinking  and would be happy thinking that my own son has____it”可知，作者让别的士兵穿上这些衣服，就觉得自己的儿子穿上了一样，想到这里就会开心。故选A项。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：可是，我又从心底生出对这位老妇人的敬意。我想，她的心多么坚强呀！A. saluted敬礼，向……致敬；B. recognized认出；C. understood理解；D. memorized记住。根据前文“I was shocked hearing her heartbreaking story! ”和“But”可知，虽然这个故事本身令人心碎，值得同情，但是女士的做法和她跟我聊天时的状态，让我由衷地敬佩她的勇敢坚强，即我从心底向她致敬。故选A项。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可是，我又从心底生出对这位老妇人的敬意。我想，她的心多么坚强呀！A. broken破碎的；B. fascinating极有吸引力的，迷人的；C. stubborn顽固的；D. brave勇敢的。根据语境可知，女士虽然失去了儿子，但她依然去军营，把衣服送给别的士兵，而且宽容地、镇静地和我聊天，可以看出她有一颗勇敢坚强的心。故选D项。






























完形填空之议论文

考情分析


近三年全国卷完形填空考查情况统计表
年份
试卷类型
体裁
话题
考点分布

2022
全国甲卷
记叙文
因狗结缘
动词（短语）8 名词（短语）7
形容词1 副词 3
全国乙卷
说明文
玩捉迷藏
动词（短语）7 名词（短语）7
形容词4 副词 2
新高考I卷
记叙文
宿营的乐趣
动词（短语） 5 形容词3 副词1名词（短语）5 介词1
2021
全国甲卷
记叙文
诚恳地写道歉信起作用了
动词（短语）10 形容词5
名词（短语）4 副词 1
全国乙卷
夹叙夹议文
对别人的付出要表示真诚的感谢
动词（短语）10 形容词2
名词（短语）7 副词2
新高考I卷
记叙文
工厂打工赚钱的感触
动词（短语）9 形容词4
名词（短语）2
2020
全国卷I
夹叙夹议文
对孩子善意的谎言引发的思考
动词（短语）8 形容词3
名词（短语）8 副词2
介词短语1
全国卷II
记叙文
偶然间竞拍的画作带来的惊喜
动词11 名词4
形容词3 副词2
全国卷III
记叙文
如何正确对待难缠的顾客
动词8 名词3 介词短语2
形容词（短语）6 副词1
高考预测



分析近几年的高考试卷，预测2023年高考完形填空还会以记叙文、夹叙夹议文为主，话题多样，但均贴近生活，题目以考查实词为主。高考对议论文体裁考查的可能性较小。内容上以表达励志思想，启迪性文章为主。降低对单词本身词意的考查。淡化对介词、冠词等结构词的考查，重点监测考生在语境中灵活运用所学知识的能力。

应试技巧







No.1 充分利用首句信息
No.2 多角度逻辑推理
No.3 从上下文找寻线索
No.4 跳读首句进行预测
No.5 利用语法、句法、词法分析解题
近几年完形填空的命题趋势：
1. 突出语篇；
2. 试题题型稳定，辨析词义，以实词为主。
3. 长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。

真题回眸





【典例 2022·浙江高考】
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ____1____ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ____2____ he were flying, his eyes wide with ____3____. His trust in me is ____4____ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ____5____ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ____6____ , it will need more effort and sound judgment____7____ . Trust is such an important part of a ____8____ relationship that it’s something that can’t ____9____ to lose. Every time I _____10_____ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels _____11_____ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt ._____12_____ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _____13_____ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
_____14_____ in the workplace, trust is important for strong _____15_____ . It is something that every manager should work hard to _____16_____ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to _____17_____ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A _____18_____ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be _____19_____ you their best. Good _____20_____, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
1．A．deserve B．miss C．love D．know
2．A．as if B．in case C．even though D．so that
3．A．fear B．excitement C．doubt D．astonishment
4．A．reasonable B．limited C．absolute D．important
5．A．relief B．satisfaction C．achievement D．responsibility
6．A．older B．busier C．quieter D．healthier
7．A．on my behalf B．on my part C．in my honor D．in my name
8．A．long-distance B．high-risk C．parent-child D．teacher-student
9．A．afford B．choose C．wait D．expect
10．A．attach B．compare C．adjust D．introduce
11．A．safe B．happy C．proud D．grateful
12．A．Above all B．In addition C．At first D．For example
13．A．admit B．believe C．suggest D．imagine
14．A．However B．Therefore C．Similarly D．Fortunately
15．A．affection B．determination C．friendship D．leadership
16．A．assess B．organize C．develop D．understand
17．A．repeat B．follow C．change D．forget
18．A．gesture B．measure C．bond D．lack
19．A．telling B．giving C．selling D．sending
20．A．management B．personality C．communication D．education


【答案】
1．C    2．A    3．B    4．C    5．D    6．A    7．B    8．C    9．A    10．D    11．A    12．D    13．B    14．C    15．D    16．C    17．B    18．D    19．B    20．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。
2．考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out 　　　2　　 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D. healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment  ____7____”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。
7．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a  ____8____  relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。
12．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to  ____13____  ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B. measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B. giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。

【典例 2011·广东高考】
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The ____21____ is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的)growth by  ____22____ situations that are designed for the  ____23____ children.There can be little doubt that ____24____ classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these  ____25____ out of the regular classes may create serious problems.
I observed a number of ____26____ children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a  ____27____ class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying  ____28____ on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect  ____29____ on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.
Many are concerned that gifted children become  ____30____ and lose interest in learning. However, this  ____31____ is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these  ____32____ simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are  ____33____. Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they  ____34____ so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child who is bored is an  ____35____ child.
21．A．principle B．theory C．argument D．classification
22．A．designing B．grouping C．learning D．living
23．A．smart B．curious C．mature D．average
24．A．regular B．special C．small D．creative
25．A．children B．programs C．graduates D．designs
26．A．intelligent B．competent C．ordinary D．independent
27．A．separate B．regular C．new D．boring
28．A．specially B．slightly C．wrongly D．heavily
29．A．directly B．cleverly C．voluntarily D．quickly
30．A．doubted B．bored C．worried D．tired
31．A．concern B．conclusion C．reflection D．interest
32．A．students B．adults C．scholars D．teachers
33．A．talented B．worried C．learned D．interested
34．A．believe B．think C．say D．feel
35．A．outstanding B．intelligent C．anxious D．Ordinary
【答案】
20． C 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．B 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。大部分人都认为天赋异禀的孩子应该被分到特殊班级。但是作者认为一些聪明孩子被放在普通班级反而能让他们更好地主动学习。
21． 考查名词辨析。句意：该论点基于这样一种信念，即在常规课堂上，这些孩子会因为为普通孩子设计的学习情境而阻碍他们的智力发展。A.principle原则；B.theory理论；C.argument论点；D.classification分类。“gifted children should be grouped in special classes”（天赋异禀的孩子应该被分到特殊班级）是一种论点。故选C。
22． 考查动词辨析。句意：该论点基于这样一种信念，即在常规课堂上，这些孩子会因为为普通孩子设计的学习情境而阻碍他们的智力发展。A.designing设计；B.grouping分组；C.learning学习；D.living生活。根据“in regular classes”可知，此处是指学习情境。故选C。
23． 考查形容词辨析。句意：该论点基于这样一种信念，即在常规课堂上，这些孩子会因为为普通孩子设计的学习情境而阻碍他们的智力发展。A.smart聪明的；B.curious好奇的；C.mature成熟的；D.average普通的。根据“in regular classes”可知，此处是指为普通孩子设计的常规课堂的学习情境。故选D。
24． 考查形容词辨析。句意：毫无疑问，特殊班可以帮助天才儿童更早毕业，更快地在生活中占据一席之地。A.regular常规的；B.special特殊的；C.small小的；D.creative创造性的。根据后文“can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner”可知，此处是指特殊班可以帮助天才儿童更早毕业，更快地在生活中占据一席之地。故选B。
25． 考查名词辨析。句意：然而，把这些孩子带出常规课堂可能会产生严重的问题。A.children孩子；B.programs节目；C.graduates毕业生；D.designs设计。根据“out of the regular classes”可知，此处是指把这些孩子带出常规课堂。故选A。
26． 考查形容词辨析。句意：我观察了一些聪明的孩子，他们被从一个特殊的班级里带出来，放到一个正常的班级里。A.intelligent聪明的；B.competent有本领的；C.ordinary一般的；D.independent独立的。根据“who were taken out of a special class”可知，这些是原本在特殊班级里的聪明孩子。故选A。
27． 考查形容词辨析。句意：我观察了一些聪明的孩子，他们被从一个特殊的班级里带出来，放到一个正常的班级里。A.separate分开的；B.regular正常的；C.new新的；D.boring无聊的。根据“In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up”（在正常的课堂上，不用担心跟不上）可知，此处是指把一些聪明的孩子从一个特殊的班级里带出来放到一个正常的班级里。故选B。
28． 考查副词辨析。句意：在特别课上，他们表现出很少使用自己的判断能力，严重依赖于老师的指导。A.specially特殊地；B.slightly轻微地；C.wrongly错误地；D.heavily严重地。根据“they showed little ability to use their own judgment”可知，此处是指严重依赖于老师的指导。故选D。
29． 考查副词辨析。句意：在常规的课堂上，他们不用担心跟不上，就开始主动反思许多问题，其中一些问题是学校计划之外的。A.directly直接地；B.cleverly聪明地；C.voluntarily主动地；D.quickly快速地。根据“some of which were not on the school program”可知，此处是指学生们会主动反思许多问题，包括学校计划之外的。故选C。
30． 考查形容词辨析。句意：许多人担心天才儿童会变得厌倦，对学习失去兴趣。A.doubted被怀疑的；B.bored厌倦的；C.worried担心的；D.tired疲倦的。根据“lose interest in learning”可知，此处是指许多人担心天才儿童会变得厌倦。故选B。
31． 考查名词辨析。句意：然而，这种担忧更多的是来自家长和老师，而不是学生。一些成年人简单地得出结论，应该为那些有天赋的人设立特殊的班级。A.concern担忧；B.conclusion结论；C.reflection反思；D.interest兴趣。根据指示词this可知，此处是指前文“Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning. ”提到的担忧。故选A。
32． 考查名词辨析。句意：然而，这种担忧更多的是来自家长和老师，而不是学生。一些成年人简单地得出结论，应该为那些有天赋的人设立特殊的班级。A.students学生；B.adults成年人；C.scholars学者；D.teachers老师。根据these可知，此处是指前文中提到的“parents and teachers”，他们是成年人。故选B。
33． 考查形容词辨析。句意：然而，这种担忧更多的是来自家长和老师，而不是学生。一些成年人简单地得出结论，应该为那些有天赋的人设立特殊的班级。A.talented有天赋的； B.worried担心的；C.learned博学的；D.interested有兴趣的。根据“special classes”可知，此处是指为那些有天赋的人设立特殊的班级。故选A。
34． 考查动词辨析。句意：一些优等生确实在课堂上感到无聊，但他们为什么感到如此无聊，远远不止因为他们在学校的学业。A.believe相信；B.think认为；C.say说；D.feel感觉。so是指前文提到的bored，所以此处是指感到无聊。故选D。
35．考查形容词辨析。句意：感到无聊的天才孩子是一个焦虑的孩子。A.outstanding杰出的；B.intelligent聪明的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.ordinary一般的。根据“Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. ”（研究表明，无聊就是焦虑。）可知，感到无聊的天才孩子是一个焦虑的孩子。故选C。

名校预测




（2023届高三年级福建省七地市第一次模拟考试）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There was a young boy at a beautiful beach digging sands using his plastic tools. While his other friends were playing the whole time, the little boy spent his day____21____his sandcastle. He even____22____a moat (护城河) using a spoon, a bridge with a____23____,and walls for his castle.
After a whole long day, he finished his____24____sandcastle until the waves washed his hard work. Holding back his tears, the boy didn’t get mad and____25____decided to study the waves that____26____his creation.
The boy was aware of the____27____and saw it a couple of times already. He already knew how to do things better. He felt no____28____, regret, or fear any more whenever the waves came. He just smiled,____29____his tools and left. He knew that the tide was beyond his_____30_____and he couldn’t do anything about it. What he could do though is how to_____31_____those situations.
Basically, no matter where you are, the waves of life will always_____32_____you. What matters most is how you behave during those moments and what they_____33_____about yourselves along this_____34_____called life. Keep calm while looking at things from different viewpoints because sometimes all it takes for_____35_____to happen in your life is by looking at things through different lenses!
21．A．creating B．picturing C．drawing D．watching
22．A．kept B．made C．crossed D．defended
23．A．bucket B．stone C．rope D．stick
24．A．old B．royal C．dream D．solid
25．A．therefore B．instead C．still D．nevertheless
26．A．supported B．perfected C．copied D．destroyed
27．A．castle B．construction C．sand D．tide
28．A．sorrow B．doubt C．hesitation D．excitement
29．A．held up B．picked up C．searched for D．threw away
30．A．belief B．repair C．control D．awareness
31．A．talk about B．draw upon C．react to D．fight against
32．A．search B．take C．recognize D．find
33．A．know B．teach C．judge D．beat
34．A．distance B．line C．journey D．circle
35．A．changes B．crashes C．events D．attacks


【答案】
21．A    22．B    23．D    24．C    25．B    26．D    27．D    28．A    29．B    30．C    31．C    32．D    33．B    34．C    35．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了当生活中遇到波浪的时候，可以从不同的角度看问题，生活会发生变化。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他的其他朋友一直在玩的时候，小男孩花了一整天的时间建造他的沙堡。A. creating创造；B. picturing想象；C. drawing绘画 ；D. watching观看。根据后文“He even____2____a moat (护城河) using a spoon, a bridge with a____3____,and walls for his castle.”可知，该在其他朋友一直在玩的时候，小男孩花了一整天的时间建造他的沙堡。故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他甚至用勺子造了一条护城河，用棍子造了一座桥，还为他的城堡筑了墙。A. kept保持；B. made制作；C. crossed穿过；D. defended防御。根据后文的“a moat (护城河) using a spoon,”可知，他用勺子制造了一条护城河。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他甚至用勺子造了一条护城河，用棍子造了一座桥，还为他的城堡筑了墙。A. bucket桶；B. stone石头；C. rope绳子；D. stick木棍。根据前文的“a bridge”可知，男孩拥木棍搭建了一座桥。故选D。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在漫长的一天之后，他完成了他的梦想沙堡，直到海浪冲刷了他的辛勤工作。A. old老的；B. royal皇室的；C. dream梦想的；D. solid坚硬的。根据后文的“sandcastle”可知，男孩建造的沙堡是他梦想的城堡。故选C。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：男孩忍住眼泪，没有生气，而是决定研究摧毁他的创作的海浪。A. therefore因此；B. instead相反；C. still仍然；D. nevertheless不过，然而。根据前文“Holding back his tears, the boy didn’t get mad”可知，设空处与前文构成转折关系，即表示男孩忍住眼泪，没有生气，而是决定研究摧毁他的创作的海浪。故选B。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：男孩忍住眼泪，没有生气，而是决定研究摧毁他的创作的海浪。A. supported支持；B. perfected使完美；C. copied复制；D. destroyed毁灭。根据前文“until the waves washed his hard work”可知，男孩研究起了摧毁沙堡的海浪。故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：男孩注意到了潮水，已经见过几次了。A. castle城堡；B. construction建设；C. sand沙子；D. tide潮汐。根据前文“the boy didn’t get mad and____5____decided to study the waves that____6____his creation.”可知，男孩对海浪产生了兴趣，因此注意到潮汐。故选D。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当海浪来袭，他不再感到悲伤、遗憾或恐惧。A. sorrow悲伤；B. doubt怀疑；C. hesitation犹豫；D. excitement兴奋。根据后文“He just smiled,____9____his tools and left.”可知，男孩对于海浪来袭没有悲伤。故选A。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他只是笑了笑，拿起工具就走了。A. held up举起；B. picked up捡起；C. searched for寻找；D. threw away扔掉。根据后文“left”可知，男孩拿起工具起身了离开。故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他知道潮水已超出他的控制范围，对此他无能为力。A. belief信念；B. repair修理；C. control控制；D. awareness意识。根据前文“He felt no____8____, regret, or fear any more whenever the waves came. He just smiled,____9____his tools and left.”可知，男孩每当海浪来袭，他不再感到悲伤、遗憾或恐惧，因为他知道海浪是他无法控制的事情。故选C。
31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他能做的是如何应对这些情况。A. talk about谈论；B. draw upon总结；C. react to反应；D. fight against反对，对抗。根据后文“those situations”可知，男孩知道自己无法控制海浪，因此他知道自己能做的是如何来应对这些海浪。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：基本上，无论你在哪里，生活中总会有海浪的出现。A. search寻找；B. take带走；C. recognize认出；D. find找到。根据前文“Basically, no matter where you are,”可知，无论在哪里，生活的海浪都会发现你即在生活中遇到海浪。故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：基本上，无论你在哪里，生活的波浪总会找到你。最重要的是你在这些时刻的表现，以及它们在这段称为人生的旅程中教会了你什么。A. know知道；B. teach教；C. judge判断；D. beat拍打。根据前文“how you behave during those moments”可知，此处强调最重要的是你在这些时刻的表现以及这些波浪教会了你什么。故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：基本上，无论你在哪里，生活的波浪总会找到你。最重要的是你在这些时刻的表现，以及它们在这段称为人生的旅程中教会了你什么。A. distance距离；B. line线；C. journey旅行；D. circle循环。根据前文“What matters most is how you behave during those moments and what they____13____about yourselves”可知，此处将人生比作旅程，强调的是最重要的是你在这些时刻的表现，以及它们在这段称为人生的旅程中教会了你什么。故选C。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从不同的角度看问题时要保持冷静，因为有时候你的生活只需要通过不同的角度看问题就会发生变化！A. changes改变；B. crashes坠毁；C. events事件；D. attacks攻击。根据前文的“Keep calm while looking at things from different viewpoints”可知，从不同的角度看问题会产生变化。故选A。

（2023届四川省成都外国语学校高三检测试题）
There isn’t any doubt that positive thinking is valuable after you find out you have cancer. But will positive____1____ help the cancer go away?
There have been a number of studies on this____2____ , but none of the studies say that positive thinking is a____3____ in helping cancer go away, or that____4____ feelings can make cancer worse.
So, is there a reason to have a positive____5____ ? Of course there is.
While I understand the danger of my illness, I choose not to____6____  statistics. I always imagine myself as being among the small group of patients who survive.____7____ do I do that? So I can sleep well; so I can plan a trip for two days from now; so I have a reason to begin writing another book with the____8____ that I’ll finish it; so my husband and I can enjoy lunch out; so I can____9____  to someone else who is having a difficult time and offer them______10______ .
A positive attitude can also help family members feel better so they can______11______ a more loving family environment. Most cancer patients, as well as their family members, know all too well how dangerous cancer can be. It’s difficult to______12______ when patients receive bad news. But a positive attitude helps me want to do things that I know are______13______ to my health, and helps me______14______ the thinning hair, tiredness and low blood counts which are the______15______ effects of my treatment.
So, I______16______ to stay happy and positive. I do my best not to think too much about all the hospital visits, and I try not to______17______ if I feel any pain.______18______, I seek joy as much as I can, and because I am seeking joy, I find joy. Being positive might not save you from cancer, but I can almost______19______ you that if you are positive, you will find______20______ in your life, as well as happiness in every day that you live.
1．A．ideas B．choices C．thoughts D．arrangements
2．A．course B．subject C．lesson D．curriculum
3．A．field B．contribution C．devotion D．factor
4．A．negative B．subjective C．objective D．supportive
5．A．altitude B．attitude C．conclusion D．decision
6．A．focus on B．take on C．look on D．put on
7．A．What B．When C．Why D．How
8．A．effort B．expectation C．success D．trouble
9．A．turn out B．look out C．take out D．reach out
10．A．surprise B．anxiety C．encouragement D．service
11．A．appeal to B．turn to C．turn down D．contribute to
12．A．carry out B．hold up C．carry on D．get on
13．A．beneficial B．promising C．unique D．harmful
14．A．through B．as C．from D．in
15．A．reliable B．side C．illegal D．inspiring
16．A．refuse B．prefer C．pretend D．happen
17．A．doubt B．shake C．handle D．panic
18．A．Moreover B．Yet C．Still D．But
19．A．help B．guide C．guarantee D．confuse
20．A．respect B．convenience C．complaint D．Meaning
【答案】
1． C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．A 15．B 16．B 17．D 18．B 19．C 20．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。论述了面对疾病保持积极的意义。
1． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是积极的想法能帮助你摆脱癌症吗？A. ideas主意；B. choices选择；C. thoughts想法；D. arrangements安排。根据前句的“positive thinking”（积极的思考）可知，此处指的是积极的想法，故选C项。
2． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于这个主题已经有大量的研究，但是没有任何一个研究表明积极的思考是帮助摆脱癌症的因素，或者是消极的情绪可以让癌症恶化。A. course课程；B. subject主题，话题，科目；C. lesson课，教训；D. curriculum课程; (学校等的)全部课程。根据“studies”（研究）可知，研究通常是针对某一个主题开展，故选B项。
3． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于这个主题已经有大量的研究，但是没有任何一个研究表明积极的思考是帮助摆脱癌症的因素，或者是消极的情绪可以让癌症恶化。A. field领域，田野；B. contribution贡献；C. devotion奉献；D. factor因素。根据下文“in helping cancer go away”可知，此处指的是没有研究表明积极的想法是影响癌症的进展一个因素，故选D项。
4． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于这个主题已经有大量的研究，但是没有任何一个研究表明积极的思考是帮助摆脱癌症的因素，或者是消极的情绪可以让癌症恶化。A. negative负面的；B. subjective主观的；C. objective客观的；D. supportive支持的。根据本句中的“worse”（更糟）可知，此处指的是与前句相反的情况，积极的想法有益，而消极的想法让情况更糟糕，故选A项。
5． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，还有要拥有积极态度的理由吗？A. altitude维度；B. attitude态度；C. conclusion结论；D. decision决定。根据前文可知，此处仍然对应前面提到的“positive thinking”（积极的思考），即面对疾病的一种积极的态度，故选B项。
6． 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管我了解我的病情，我选择不要专注于统计数据。A. focus on聚焦，专注；B. take on呈现；C. look on旁观，看待；D. put on穿上。根据上文“While I understand the danger of my illness”可知前后是转折关系，故选A项。
7． 考查疑问词词义辨析。句意：我为什么要那么做？A. What什么；B. When什么时候；C. Why为什么；D. How如何，怎么样。根据后句“So I can sleep well”（因此我可以睡得好）可知，此处指的是我为什么要保持积极的原因，故选C项。
8． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么我可以有理由开始写另一本我期待会完成的书。A. effort努力；B. expectation期待；C. success成功；D. trouble麻烦。根据作者保持积极态度可知，作者是带着某种期待去做自己想做的事情，故选B项。
9． 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：那么我可以靠近其他正在度过艰苦岁月并且给他们鼓励。A. turn out证明是；B. look out小心；C. take out拿出；D. reach out伸手去够。根据语境可知，作者想用自己积极的态度去给和他一样的病人积极的影响，首先需要做的是靠近他们，故选D项。
10． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么我可以靠近其他正在度过艰苦岁月并且给他们鼓励。A. surprise惊喜；B. anxiety焦虑；C. encouragement鼓励；D. service服务。根据语境可知，作者想用自己积极的态度去给和他一样的病人积极的影响，只有C选项的鼓励最贴合积极的影响，故选C项。
11． 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一种积极的态度也可以帮助家庭成员们感觉更好，因此他们可以促成一种更加有爱的家庭环境。A. appeal to吸引；B. turn to求助；C. turn down拒绝；D. contribute to促成。根据下文“a more loving family environment”语境可知，此处指的是积极的态度带来的积极的影响，“contribute to”(促成)与该语义最贴合，故选D项。
12． 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当病人收到坏消息时，让自己坚持下去是困难的。A. carry out执行；B. hold up提起; 支撑；C. carry on继续，坚持；D. get on上车。根据生活常识可知，病人在收到坏消息时，往往难以面对和继续下去，故选C项。
13． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是积极的态度帮助我想要做一些我知道对我的健康有益的事情，帮助我度过（面对）我的治疗带来的稀疏的头发、疲倦和低血细胞总数的副作用。A. beneficial有益的；B. promising前途光明的；C. unique独特的；D. harmful有害的。根据第14空的并列连接词and和 help这一积极语义词可知，前半句指的也是对健康有帮助的事情， “beneficial to”（对……有益）语义符合，故选A项。
14． 考查介词词义辨析。句意：但是积极的态度帮助我想要做一些我知道对我的健康有益的事情，帮助我度过（面对）我的治疗带来的稀疏的头发、疲倦和低血细胞总数的副作用。A. through通过；B. as正如，作为；C. from自从，来自；D. in在……里面。根据语境可知，积极的态度帮助度过（困难：治疗的副作用），“help sb through”（帮……度过），故选A项。
15． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是积极的态度帮助我想要做一些我知道对我的健康有益的事情，帮助我度过（面对）我的治疗带来的稀疏的头发、疲倦和低血细胞总数的副作用。A. reliable值得信赖的；B. side次要的；C. illegal非法的；D. inspiring启发人的。根据语境和常识可知，稀疏的头发、疲倦和低血细胞总数都是治疗的副作用，故选B项。
16． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我更喜欢保持快乐和积极。A. refuse拒绝；B. prefer宁愿，偏向于；C. pretend假装；D. happen碰巧。根据第6空所在句“While I understand the danger of my illness, I choose not to　　6　　  statistics”（尽管我了解我的病情，我选择不要专注于统计数据）可知，此处指的是自己的一种选择偏向，故选B项。
17． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于每次去医院这件事，我尽力不要想太多，如果我感到任何疼痛，我也尽力不惊慌。A. doubt质疑；B. shake摇晃；C. handle处理；D. panic惊慌。根据语境，感到疼痛通常意味着某种不好的信号，病人很有可能对此感到惊慌，故选D项。
18． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我尽可能寻找快乐，因为我在寻找快乐，我找到了快乐。A. Moreover此外；B. Yet然而；C. Still仍然；D. But但是。根据语境可知，此处指的是作者没有想太多，而是保持快乐和积极的做法，前后表示转折关系，故选B项。
19． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：保持积极也许不能治好你的癌症，但是我几乎可以向你保证，如果你保持积极，你会找到生命的意义和你所度过的每一天中的快乐。A. help帮助；B. guide指导；C. guarantee保证；D. confuse疑惑。根据语境可知，此处指的是作者发出的一种莫大的鼓励，如果保持积极，几乎一定可以找到快乐，“guarantee”（保证）一词可以体现作者的笃定和有力，最贴合上下文，故选C项。
20． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：保持积极也许不能治好你的癌症，但是我几乎可以向你保证，如果你保持积极，你会找到生命的意义和你所度过的每一天中的快乐。A. respect尊敬；B. convenience方便；C. complaint抱怨；D. meaning意义。根据语境，最后一句为升华句，作者告诉读者保持积极对于生活的意义，且其他选项与语境不符，故选D项。


名师押题



第一篇
Do you listen? Do you really listen? Is there more to listening than just hearing?
Listening is, by far, one of the most important aspects of communication. So often, you pay attention to your way of speaking, your ____21____ , your dialect, but neglect your ability to listen.
It is my ____22____ that people scream out or change the intended purposes of much of what they hear. Too often, we consider listening the ____23____ part of conversation, although it requires our focus, purpose, and active participation.
Listening means to give ear to, to pay attention to, to ____24____ , to witness, to hear with thoughtful ____25____ , or to understand.
The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and to be understood. The only way to understand is to ____26____ .
Learn to be an active listener. Give off positive body language.____27____ a willingness to socialize. Ask the right questions. Boost your ____28____ so that you can understand more and achieve effective listening.
Listening means we should respond, that we should be touched, that what we hear has a(n)____29____ on us. I believe that history _____30_____ itself only because no one listens the first time.
You were given two ears, but only one mouth, which is a gentle hint that we should listen more, because God knew that listening was twice as _____31_____ as talking. Listening is the key building block in effective communications. Good listening skills are crucial, as listening is the fundamental _____32_____ of all information.
Isn’t now the time to give the gift of listening to those about you? Given them your _____33_____ attention. Use your God given _____34_____ to become a better listener. For me, I’m going to put into _____35_____ what I believe in my heart and become a better listener.
21．A．sounds B．words C．gestures D．movements
22．A．conception B．plan C．purpose D．requirement
23．A．active B．passive C．basic D．useless
24．A．argue B．quarrel C．discuss D．obey
25．A．advice B．attention C．love D．help
26．A．ask B．learn C．try D．listen
27．A．Send B．Present C．Predict D．Design
28．A．courage B．confidence C．energy D．knowledge
29．A．impact B．connection C．emotion D．difference
30．A．makes B．fails C．repeats D．destroys
31．A．interesting B．hard C．much D．long
32．A．resource B．material C．source D．element
33．A．considerate B．wide C．extra D．entire
34．A．information B．talents C．messages D．ideas
35．A．effect B．position C．practice D．Service


【答案】
21． B 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．D 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了在沟通交流中，认真聆听的好处和重要性。
22． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你常常注意自己说话的方式、用词、方言，却忽视了自己倾听的能力。A. sounds声音；B. words话语；C. gestures手势；D. movements运动。根据本句空格前后“your way of speaking”（说话的方式）和“your dialect”（你的方言），可知空格处也表示和说话相关的内容。故选B项。
23． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的观点是，人们会尖叫或改变他们所听到的大部分内容的既定目的。A. conception概念；B. plan计划；C. purpose目标；D. requirement要求。本句是作者在表述自己对于倾听的观点。故选A项。
24． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多时候，我们认为倾听是对话的被动部分，尽管它需要我们集中注意力、有目的和积极参与。A. active积极的；B. passive    被动的、消极的；C. basic基础的；D. useless无用的。根据后句“although it requires our focus, purpose, and active participation”(尽管它需要我们集中注意力、有目的和积极参与)，可知人们经常认为倾听在交流中处于被动的、不受重视的地位。故选B项。
25． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：倾听的意思是倾听、注意、顺从、见证、深思熟虑地倾听或理解。A. argue争论；B. quarrel争吵；C. discuss讨论；D. obey遵从。根据文意及前后词“to give ear to”，(倾听)“to pay attention to”(注意)，“to witness”(见证)，可知，此处说明倾听就是要顺着对方的思路。故选D项。
26． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：倾听的意思是倾听、注意、顺从、见证、深思熟虑地倾听或理解。A. advice建议；B. attention注意；C. love爱；D. help帮助。根据句意，此处意指带着头脑，集中注意力去认真倾听。故选B项。
27． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：理解的唯一方式就是倾听。A. ask问；B. learn学习；C. try尝试；D. listen听。根据本文的主旨及上文一再强调倾听的重要性，所以此处应该意指理解的唯一方式就是倾听。故选D项。
28． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：表现出社交的意愿。A. Send发送；B. Present呈现；C. Predict预测；D. Design设计。根据前句“Learn to be an active listener. Give off positive body language.”(学会做一个积极的倾听者。使用积极的肢体语言。)可知，此处作者强调要表现出自己的社交意愿。故选B项。
29． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：提高你的知识，这样你就能理解更多，实现有效的倾听。A. courage勇气；B. confidence自信；C. energy能量；D. knowledge知识。根据后句“so that you can understand more and achieve effective listening”(这样你就能理解更多，实现有效的倾听)可知，此处作者强调要提高自身的知识水平，才能提高倾听的效果。故选D项。
30． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：倾听意味着我们应该回应，意味着我们应该被感动，也意味着我们所听到的对我们有影响。A. impact影响；B. connection联系；C. emotion情感；D. difference不同。根据句意及固定搭配have an impact on sb.可知，此处意指所听到的对我们有影响。故选A项。
31． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信历史会重演，只是因为没有人听第一次。A. makes制作；B. fails失败；C. repeats重复；D. destroys破坏。根据本句的“only because no one listens the first time”(只是因为没有人听第一次)可知，此处意指人们不愿意去倾听过往，从历史中寻求答案，才会导致历史一再重演。故选C项。
32． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：上帝给了你两只耳朵，但只有一张嘴，这是一个温柔的暗示，告诉我们应该多倾听，因为上帝知道倾听比说话难两倍。A. interesting有趣的；B. hard困难的；C. much很多；D. long长的。根据上文“You were given two ears, but only one mouth, which is a gentle hint that we should listen more”(上帝给了你两只耳朵，但只有一张嘴，这是一个温柔的暗示，告诉我们应该多倾听)可知，作者此处用此意象，意在说明倾听比说话要重要很多，困难很多。故选B项。
33． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：良好的倾听技巧是至关重要的，因为倾听是所有信息的基本来源。A. resource资源；B. material材料；C. source来源；D. element元素。根据句意，此处意指通过听，我们获得信息。故选C项。
34． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把全部注意力都放在他们身上。A. considerate考虑周到的；B. wide宽阔的；C. extra额外的；D. entire完全的。根据前句“Isn’t now the time to give the gift of listening to those about you?”(难道现在不是倾听你周围的人的时候吗？)可知，此处作者在表述了倾听的重要性后，呼吁人们开始去倾听他人。故选D项。
35． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：运用上帝赋予你的才能，成为一个更好的倾听者。A. information信息；B. talents天分；C. messages消息；D. ideas想法。根据句意和“God given”可知，此处意指使用上帝赋予的倾听天赋和能力去更好地倾听他人。故选B项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，我要把我心中相信的付诸实践，成为一个更好的倾听者。A. effect效果；B. position位置；C. practice锻炼；D. service服务。根据句意，此处意指作者要行动起来，做一个真正的倾听者；put sth.into practice(付诸实践)。故选C项。

第二篇
What’s the purpose of philosophy? Alfred North Whitehead characterized it as a series of footnotes to Plato. On the surface, we don’t seem to have _____1_____much in the two and a half millennia since Plato wrote his dialogues. Today’s philosophers still struggle with many of the same issues that exercised the Greeks.
Compared with philosophy, science has been one long_____2_____story since it took its modem form in the 17th century. It has uncovered the workings of nature and brought untold benefits to humanity.
_____3_____, not all philosophers are troubled by this contrast. For some, the worth of philosophy lies in the process, not the product. According to Socrates’ statement—“The unexamined life is not worth living?”—they hold that _____4_____ on the human statement is valuable in itself. Others take their lead from Marx—“The philosophers have only interpreted the world—and view philosophy as an engine of political change, whose purpose is not to reflect reality, but to change it. Even so, the majority of contemporary philosophers probably still think of philosophy as a route to the _____5_____.
According to the “spin-off” theory of philosophical progress, all new sciences_____6_____ as branches of philosophy, and only become established as separate disciplines once philosophy has granted them the essential intellectual means to survive on their own. Then, it is _____7_____ to suppose the lack of progress in philosophy. Whenever philosophy does make progress, it creates a new subject, which then no longer counts as part of philosophy. That’s _____8_____ its progress is masked by the constant renaming of its intellectual fruits.
Philosophy hasn’t left everything to other university departments, and still _____9_____ plenty of its own questions to exercise its own students. The _____10_____is that it doesn’t seem to have any definite answers. When it comes to topics like morality, knowledge, free will, consciousness and so on, the lecturers still _____11_____a range of options that have been around for a long time.
No doubt some of the_____12_____ between philosophy and science result from the different methods of investigation that they employ. Where philosophy relies on analysis and argument, science is devoted to data. It is _____13_____doubted that philosophers disagree more than scientists. But arguments have loopholes(漏洞).So there is always plenty of room for philosophers to take issue with each other, where scientists by contrast have to_____14_____what they are told.
Perhaps there is more progress in philosophy than at first appears, even apart from the spin-off disciplines. Judging from its appearances, it may look as if nothing is ever settled. But behind them, philosophy is by no means incapable of _____15_____.
1．A．progressed B．possessed C．addressed D．oppressed
2．A．horror B．life C．case D．success
3．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Moreover
4．A．reflection B．basis C．reliance D．evaluation
5．A．equality B．truth C．destination D．peace
6．A．serve B．struggle C．start D．develop
7．A．natural B．possible C．difficult D．wrong
8．A．how B．when C．why D．where
9．A．reserves B．explains C．analyzes D．comprehends
10．A．solution B．difference C．trouble D．impression
11．A．debate B．explore C．preserve D．pursue
12．A．agreements B．distinctions C．options D．relations
13．A．generally B．frankly C．privately D．scarcely
14．A．establish B．check C．accept D．present
15．A．suffering B．peaking C．advancing D．Signaling
【答案】
1． A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．C
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学的目的、意义、所取得的进步以及与科学的对比及相关话题。
1． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：表面上看，自柏拉图写对话录以来的2500年里，我们似乎并没有太大的进步。A. progressed 进步；B. possessed 拥有；C. addressed 演说、处理；D. oppressed 欺压、压迫。根据下一句“Today’s philosophers still struggle with many of the same issues that exercised the Greeks.”（今天的哲学家们仍然在为许多同样困扰着希腊人的问题而奋斗。）可知，今天的哲学好像没有取得很大的进步。故选A。
2． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与哲学相比，科学自17世纪以现代形式出现以来，一直是一个漫长的成功故事。A. horror 恐惧；B. life 生活；C. case 案件、病例；D. success 成功。根据下一句“It has uncovered the workings of nature and brought untold benefits to humanity.”（它揭示了自然的运作方式，给人类带来了无数的好处。）可知，与哲学似乎没有取得太大进步相比，科学应该是比较成功的。故选D。
3． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，并非所有哲学家都为这种对比所困扰。A. Therefore 所以；B. Otherwise 否则；C. However 然而；D. Moreover 而且。根据第1小题“On the surface, we don’t seem to have progressed much in the two and a half millennia since Plato wrote his dialogues.”和第2小题“Compared with philosophy, science has been one long success story since it took its modem form in the 17th century.”可知，哲学似乎没有取得太大进步，而科学相对比较成功，因此应该会有一些哲学家为此困扰，但是根据本句句意，并非所有的哲学家都为此困扰，故应为转折关系。故选C。
4． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏格拉底说过:“浑浑噩噩的生活不值得过?”他们认为人的陈述的反思本身就是有价值的。A. reflection 反射、反思、反映；C. basis 基础；D. reliance 依靠；D. evaluation 评估。根据上一句“For some, the worth of philosophy lies in the process, not the product. ”（对一些人来说，哲学的价值在于过程，而不是结果。）可知，以苏格拉底的陈述为例，他们认为对他陈述的反思过程比结果更有意义。故选A。
5． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，大多数当代哲学家可能仍然认为哲学是通往真理的一条道路。A. equality 平等；B. truth 真理；C. destination 目的地；D. peace 和平。根据上一句“Others take their lead from Marx—“The philosophers have only interpreted the world—and view philosophy as an engine of political change, whose purpose is not to reflect reality, but to change it.”（其他人则以马克思为榜样:“哲学家们只是解释了世界，并将哲学视为政治变革的引擎，其目的不是反映现实，而是改变现实。”）可知，有些哲学家认为哲学不是为了反映现实和真理，结合本句的“Ever so”可知，大部分的哲学家还是认为哲学是反映现实和真理的。故选B。
6． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据哲学进步的“衍生”理论，所有新的科学都是从哲学的分支开始的，只有在哲学赋予它们独立生存的基本知识手段之后，它们才能成为独立的学科。A. serve 服务；B. struggle 奋斗、斗争；C. start 开始；D. develop 发展。根据本句句意及“衍生”理论可知，新科学都是由哲学的分支开始逐步变成独立的学科的。故选C。
7． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，认为哲学缺乏进步是错误的。A. natual 自然的；B. possible 可能的；C. difficult 困难的；D. wrong 错误的。根据第6小题“According to the “spin-off” theory of philosophical progress, all new sciences start as branches of philosophy, and only become established as separate disciplines once philosophy has granted them the essential intellectual means to survive on their own. ”可知，所有的新科学都是由哲学的分支开始，逐步成长为独立的学科的，说明它实际上是进步的，故认为哲学缺乏进步是错误的。故选D。
8． 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么它的进步被不断更名的知识成果所掩盖。A. how 怎样；B. when 什么时候；C. why 为什么；D. where 在哪里。根据上一句“Whenever philosophy does make progress, it creates a new subject, which then no longer counts as part of philosophy. ”（每当哲学有了进步，它就创造了一个新的学科，这个学科就不再是哲学的一部分了。）可知，这是它的进步被掩盖的原因。故选C。
9． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：哲学并没有把一切都留给其他大学院系，它仍然保留了大量自己的问题来锻炼自己的学生。A. reserves 保留、预订；B. explains 解释；C. analyzes 分析；D. comprehends 理解。根据本“Philosophy hasn’t left everything to other university departments”，哲学没有把一切都留给其他大学院系，说明它保留了一些问题来锻炼自己的学生。故选A。
10． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是它似乎没有任何明确的答案。A. solution 解决办法；B. difference 区别；C. trouble 问题、麻烦；D. impression 印象。根据第9小题“Philosophy hasn’t left everything to other university departments, and still reserves plenty of its own questions to exercise its own students. ”可知，哲学保留了一些问题来锻炼自己的学生，但是根据本句句意可知，这些问题似乎没有明确的答案，因此这对于学生来说是一个麻烦和问题。故选C。
11． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到道德、知识、自由意志、意识等话题时，讲师们仍然在讨论一系列已经存在很长时间的选项。A. debate 辩论、讨论；B. explore 探索；C. preserve 保护；D. pursue 追求。根据第10小题“The trouble is that it doesn’t seem to have any definite answers.”可知，哲学留给学生们锻炼的问题都没有明确答案，所以讲师们需要进行讨论，来确定选项。故选A。
12． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，哲学和科学之间的一些区别是由于它们采用不同的研究方法造成的。A. agreements 协议；B. distincitions 区别、差异；C. options 选择、选项；D. relations 关系、联系。根据本句句意并结合常识可知，哲学和科学所采用的的研究方法是不同的，因而二者之间也是不同的；结合第2小题“Compared with philosophy, science has been one long success story since it took its modem form in the 17th century. ”也可获知，哲学和科学之间是有差别的。故选B。
13． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：哲学家的意见分歧比科学家多，这是毫无疑问的。A. generallly 通常、一般；B. frankly 坦白地、直率地；C. privately 私下地；D. scarcely 几乎不。根据上一句“Where philosophy relies on analysis and argument, science is devoted to data”（哲学依赖于分析和论证，而科学则致力于数据）和下一句“But arguments have loopholes(漏洞).”（但是争论是有漏洞的。）可知，哲学家和科学家之间一定是有意见分歧的，并且因各自依赖的依据不同，哲学家的意见分歧一定会比科学家更多，这一点几乎不容怀疑。故选D。
14． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，哲学家们总是有足够的空间互相争论，而相比之下，科学家们不得不接受别人告诉他们的东西。A. establish 建立；B. check 检查；C. accept 接受；D. present 呈现。根据前文的“Where philosophy relies on analysis and argument, science is devoted to data.”（哲学依赖于分析和论证，而科学则致力于数据）可知，科学家是以数据为依据的，所以没有太多的争论空间，科学家们不得不接受别人告诉他们的东西。故选C。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在这些问题背后，哲学并非没有进步的能力。A. suffering 遭受；B. peaking 达到高峰；C. advancing 进步、前进；D. signaling 发信号、示意。根据第7小题“Then, it is wrong to suppose the lack of progress in philosophy.”和最后一段“Perhaps there is more progress in philosophy than at first appears, even apart from the spin-off disciplines. ”（也许哲学的进步比乍看起来要多，甚至撇开衍生理论不谈。）可知，哲学实际上是有进步的能力的。故选C。

















完形填空之夹叙夹议文
命题分析


近三年全国卷完形填空考查情况统计表
年份
试卷类型
体裁
话题
考点分布

2022
全国甲卷
记叙文
因狗结缘
动词（短语）8 名词（短语）7
形容词1 副词 3
全国乙卷
说明文
玩捉迷藏
动词（短语）7 名词（短语）7
形容词4 副词 2
新高考I卷
记叙文
宿营的乐趣
动词（短语） 5 形容词3 副词1名词（短语）5 介词1
2021
全国甲卷
记叙文
诚恳地写道歉信起作用了
动词（短语）10 形容词5
名词（短语）4 副词 1
全国乙卷
夹叙夹议文
对别人的付出要表示真诚的感谢
动词（短语）10 形容词2
名词（短语）7 副词2
新高考I卷
记叙文
工厂打工赚钱的感触
动词（短语）9 形容词4
名词（短语）2
2020
全国卷I
夹叙夹议文
对孩子善意的谎言引发的思考
动词（短语）8 形容词3
名词（短语）8 副词2
介词短语1
全国卷II
记叙文
偶然间竞拍的画作带来的惊喜
动词11 名词4
形容词3 副词2
全国卷III
记叙文
如何正确对待难缠的顾客
动词8 名词3 介词短语2
形容词（短语）6 副词1

【考纲解读】

考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
在一篇250词左右的短文中留出20/15个空白，体裁以记叙文为主，尤其是“小故事，大道理”，传递正能量。
既考查考生的英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运用语言的能力。
主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力。以动词、名词、形容词、副词考查为主，其他词为辅，突出词汇语境化。通过对文章总体框架的理解和思辨能力，破解问题。

高考预测




如图考情分析，分析近几年全国高考试题命题规律及考纲解读，预测2023年全国高考试题完形填空若出现夹叙夹议文，会先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理；先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
应试技巧







这种文体的语言既有记叙文的特点、借助叙述、描写、抒情等手段记叙社会生活中的人、事、景、
物的情态及其发展过程。用以表现作者思想、抒发作者情感。时态以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。广泛使用动态动词、适当运用直接引语。同时又具有议论文的语言个性，语言自然、客观、准确，逻辑性强。且具有概括性。在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can,may,might,could,would,should等情态动词。
夹叙夹议类完形填空解题技巧：
No.1 事例→观点：先叙述一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己的看法或揭示生活的真理。
No.2 观点→事例：先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明。一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
No.3 观点→事例→观点：首先提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
夹叙夹议类完形填空解题技巧
首先要读懂第一节、尤其是文章的第一句话。这样就可以迅速找到全文的主旨大意。其次要跟着作者的思路读全文、思维要有灵活性，要随着记叙与议论的转换、及时调整思维方式。答题时必须要遵循“整体一部分一整体”的步骤、具体可分为以下三步，
1. 通览全文、了解大意。
2. 综合考虑、逐项填空。
3. 复读检验、 以防疏漏。

真题回眸




【典例1 2021·天津卷】
My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely ____1____ . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother ____2____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't ____4____.
I didn't ____5____ having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. ____6____, I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be ____7____ for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough ____8____ my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n）____9____ between us because we shared a room.
At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I _____10_____ to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and _____11_____ practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother _____12_____ quiet when I got home.
After two days of this, my brother asked me to _____13_____ him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song _____14_____,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new _____15_____. I kept trying at the song, no longer getting _____16_____ at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to _____17_____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything _____18_____ the first time and that good things come with continual _____19_____.I now understand why my brother favours the _____20_____.
1．A．mature B．different C．content D．normal
2．A．disliked B．preferred C．replaced D．abandoned
3．A．writer B．leader C．painter D．performer
4．A．get along B．drop by C．show off D．check in
5．A．try B．mind C．enjoy D．delay
6．A．In particular B．In vain C．In return D．In theory
7．A．humorous B．ordinary C．competitive D．grateful
8．A．above B．below C．near D．without
9．A．issue B．contrast C．agreement D．balance
10．A．struggled B．expected C．promised D．decided
11．A．began B．allowed C．stopped D．continued
12．A．hated B．experienced C．accepted D．wanted
13．A．help B．invite C．join D．admire
14．A．gracefully B．suddenly C．fiercely D．cautiously
15．A．limit B．sentence C．mistake D．philosophy
16．A．rude B．angry C．surprised D．excited
17．A．lose B．share C．reduce D．maintain
18．A．wrong B．right C．back D．down
19．A．luck B．absence C．effort D．fear
20．A．fight B．noise C．quiet D．safety



【答案】
1．B    2．B    3．D    4．A    5．B    6．A    7．C    8．D    9．A    10．A    11．C    12．B    13．C    14．A    15．D    16．B    17．D    18．B    19．C    20．C

【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者喜欢表演，哥哥喜欢冥想，二者性格爱好完全不同，关系紧张。在作者遭遇失败时，哥哥教给他冥想，作者从中悟出了做事的哲理，取得了成功。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们看起来像双胞胎，但实际上我们是完全不同的。A. mature成熟的；B. different不同的；C. content满意的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“my older brother ____2____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical,”哥哥喜欢冥想而作者喜欢表演，前后对比可知二者性格不同。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢；B. preferred更喜欢；C. replaced取代；D. abandoned抛弃，放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical”和preferred呼应，可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. writer作家；B. leader领导者；C. painter画家；D. performer表演者。根据“the theatrical ,even when off stage.”和下文的“in time for the trial performance”可知作者喜欢表演。故选D。
4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们就是合不来。A. get along相处，进展；B. drop by顺便拜访；C. show off炫耀；D. check in登记，报到。根据上句“I took his relative silence to be offensive.”及下文“a tense relationship with my brother”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同，作者甚至认为哥哥相对沉默是一种冒犯，可知两人相处地不好，关系紧张。故选A。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不介意和我哥哥关系紧张，因为我在学校很忙。A. try试图，努力；B. mind介意；C. enjoy欣赏，享受；D. delay推迟，延误。根据句中“because I was involved at school.”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知在学校很忙，在家依然我行我素，并不介意和哥哥的关系。故选B。
6．考查介词短语辨析。句意：特别是，我全身心地投入了音乐剧的世界。A. In particular尤其，特别；B. In vain徒劳；C. In return作为回报；D. In theory理论上。根据上文“preferred the theatrical”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知作者非常喜欢音乐。故选A。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我每天在卧室里练习唱歌，以保持最佳状态，争取角色；我哥哥会坐在靠窗的座位上冥想。A. humorous幽默的；B. ordinary普通的，平常的；C. competitive竞争的；D. grateful感激的。根据“I practised singing in the bedroom every day” 作者每天练习，可知竞争很激烈。故选C。
8．考查介词词义辨析。句意：就算没有我吵闹的歌声，他也会觉得高中已经够难的了。A. above超过，在……之上；B. below在……下面；C. near在……附近；D. without没有。哥哥经常冥想，作者认为即使没有自己吵闹的歌声，哥哥也会觉得高中很难。故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以练习的空间成了我们之间的问题，因为我们共用一个房间。A. issue问题，发行；B. contrast对比，差异；C. agreement同意，一致；D. balance平衡。根据上文“a tense relationship with my brother”和句中“we shared a room.”可知练习唱歌的空间是作者和哥哥之间的问题。故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我第一次费劲地学歌，因为当我切换到头音时，我的声音嘶哑了。A. struggled奋斗，努力；B. expected预期，盼望；C. promised允诺，许诺；D. decided决定。根据“my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice”可知作者学歌很费劲。故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间里，我很恼火，停止了练习，宣称自己已经达到了歌唱事业的顶峰。A. began开始；B. allowed允许，准许；C. stopped停止；D. continued继续。根据下文“my brother ____12____ quiet when I got home.”家里安静了，可知作者停止了练习唱歌。故选C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回家时，哥哥多年来第一次感到安静。A. hated厌恶；B. experienced体验，经历；C. accepted接受；D. wanted想要。因为作者停止在家唱歌了，哥哥体验到了家里的安静。故选B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样过了两天，我哥哥要我和他一起冥想。A. help帮助；B. invite邀请；C. join参加；D. admire钦佩。根据下文“I accepted”可知哥哥让作者和他一起冥想，作者同意了。故选C。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己无法优美地驾驭这首歌很生气，于是就接受了。A. gracefully优美地，优雅地；B. suddenly突然；C. fiercely猛烈地；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据下文“I was able to ____17____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice.”可知作者想优美地驾驭这首歌。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我明白了这个意思，它很快就成为了我的新哲学。A. limit限度；B. sentence句子，判决；C. mistake错误；D. philosophy哲学。根据下文“It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything ____18____ the first time and that good things come with continual ____19____.”可知作者把哥哥的话作为自己的哲学。故选D。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直试着唱这首歌，不再生自己的气了。A. rude粗鲁的；B. angry生气的；C. surprised吃惊的；D. excited兴奋的。与上文“I was annoyed in that period和my anger at my inability”呼应，可知作者开始因为自己唱不好生气，现在想明白了，不生气了。故选B。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在试演的时候，尽管换了头音，我还是能保持唱歌的能力。A. lose丢失；B. share分享；C. reduce减少；D. maintain保持。根据句中“was able to”和下文“good things come with”可知作者成功保持了唱歌的能力。故选D。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. wrong错误的；B. right正确的；C. back后面的；D. down情绪低落的。根据作者的经历和常识可知，第一次做事不一定能做好。故选B。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. luck运气；B. absence缺席；C. effort努力；D. fear害怕，担心。根据上文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”和“I kept trying at the song”可知只有不断努力才能成功。故选C。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在明白我哥哥为什么喜欢安静了。A. fight斗争，打架；B. noise噪音；C. quiet安静，和平；D. safety安全。根据上文“my older brother ____2____ meditation”“my brother would meditate on a window seat.”可知哥哥喜欢冥想，喜欢安静。故选C。

【典例2 2021·全国乙卷】
Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a ___21___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ___22___ of gratitude (感谢).
My thoughts were soon ___23___. We had a woman patient who was ___24___ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while ___25___ to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was ___26___ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___27___the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___28___, and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
She was ___29___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her ______30______ at her recovery. As she was ______31______ she was eager to say ______32______ to each of us in the nursing team. When she ______33______ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague ______34______ to accept it, saying that we were all just ______35______ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then ______36______:“Oh this isn’t for the______37______ I had. I take that as a ______38______. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
    And there you have it. To many people,______39______lives is part of the job but styling hair is an ______40______ and should be rewarded.
21．A．cleaner B．chemist C．nurse D．doctor
22．A．grades B．meanings C．needs D．expectations
23．A．brushed aside B．put to the test C．brought under discussion D．taken into account
24．A．departing B．escaping C．retiring D．recovering
25．A．attempting B．choosing C．pausing D．promising
26．A．eventually B．fortunately C．casually D．secretly
27．A．assessing B．requiring C．forming D．proving
28．A．slightly B．accidentally C．slowly D．happily
29．A．grateful B．thoughtful C．sorrowful D．fearful
30．A．surprise B．delight C．curiosity D．disappointment
31．A．operating B．thinking C．hesitating D．leaving
32．A．sorry B．hello C．goodbye D．yes
33．A．reached B．consulted C．introduced D．persuaded
34．A．wished B．pretended C．failed D．refused
35．A．enjoying B．doing C．securing D．starting
36．A．repeated B．recited C．replied D．reported
37．A．courage B．patience C．duty D．care
38．A．goal B．given C．push D．greeting
39．A．risking B．changing C．saving D．building
40．A．honour B．ability C．opening D．extra



【答案】
21．C    22．A    23．B    24．D    25．A    26．A    27．B    28．C    29．A    30．B    31．D    32．C    33．A    34．D    35．B    36．C    37．D    38．B    39．C    40．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人的故事，表达了我们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢，即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner清洁工；B. chemist化学家；C. nurse护士；D. doctor医生。根据下文“As she was  ___11___  she was eager to say  ___12___  to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，当时作者是一名护士。故选C。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语，那会容易得多。A. grades等级；B. meanings意思；C. needs需求；D. expectations期待。根据上文“Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.”可知，作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词，那么感谢就容易得多了。故选A。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside不理会；B. put to the test接受考验；C. brought under discussion在讨论中；D. taken into account考虑。根据下文“She was  ___9___  for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.”以及语境可知，女病人对护士们的做法使得作者的想法很快进行了测验。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing离开；B. escaping逃跑；C. retiring退休；D. recovering恢复。根据下文“from a knee replacement operation”可知，此处表示病人正在恢复中。故选D。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病发作摔倒了。A. attempting试图；B. choosing选择；C. pausing暂停；D. promising承诺。根据上文“We had a woman patient who was  ___4___  from a knee replacement operation.”可知，她是膝盖有问题的病人，此处表示她试图上床睡觉。故选A。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病发作摔倒了。A. eventually最后；B. fortunately幸运地；C. casually随意地；D. secretly秘密地。根据上文“We had a woman patient who was  ___4___  from a knee replacement operation.”以及下文“discovered to be a heart attack”可知，此处表示最终发现病人摔倒是因为心脏病。故选A。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次摔倒是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing评估；B. requiring需要；C. forming形成；D. proving证明。根据上文“The collapse was disastrous”可知，此处表示需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。故选B。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然很慢，但她恢复了，四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly轻微地；B. accidently意外地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. happily幸福地。根据上文“the collapse was disastrous”以及“But she recovered, though”可知，此处表示她恢复得很慢。故选C。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful感激的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. sorrowful伤心的，悲伤的；D. fearful恐惧的。根据下文“As she was  ___11___  she was eager to say  ___12___  to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，她对大家的付出表示感激。故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她出院那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜；B. delight喜悦；C. curiosity好奇心；D. disappointment失望。根据下文“her recovery”可知，此处表示分享她康复的喜悦。故选B。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她渴望和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating手术；B. thinking思考；C. hesitating犹豫；D. leaving离开。根据上文“On her day of discharge,”可知，女病人要出院了，此处表示当她即将离开医院时。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她渴望和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry抱歉；B. hello你好；C. goodbye再见；D. yes同意。根据下文“to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，此处表示女病人要出院时，渴望和护理团队的人说再见，say goodbye to sb.表示“和某人说再见”，符合语境。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走到一个护士身边时，她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。A. reached到达；B. consulted咨询；C. introduced介绍；D. persuaded说服。根据下文“one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand.”可知，此处表示她走到护士的身边。故选A。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished希望；B. pretended假装；C. failed失败；D. refused拒绝。根据下文“saying that we were all just  ___15___  our job.”可知，作者的同事拒绝收下女病人给的钱。故选D。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying享受；B. doing做；C. securing获得；D. starting开始。根据上文“My colleague  ___14___  to accept it, saying that we were all just”可知，此处表示作者的同事告诉女病人，她照顾病人只是做了自己应该做的事情。故选B。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个病人看起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是为了昨天为我整理头发的。”A. repeated重复；B. recited背诵；C. replied回答，回应；D. reported报道。根据下文““Oh this isn’t for the ___17___  I had. I take that as a  ___18___. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.””可知，此处表示女病人对同事说的话的回应。故选C。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人看起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是为了昨天为我整理头发的。”A. courage勇气；B. patience耐心；C. duty职责；D. care照顾。根据下文“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英镑。故选D。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人看起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是为了昨天为我整理头发的。”A. goal目标；B. given该给的东西；C. push推力；D. greeting招呼。根据下文“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，此处表示女病人说她得到的照顾是护士们应该给她的（东西）。故选B。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但发型是额外的，应该得到奖励。A. risking冒险；B. changing改变；C. saving拯救；D. building建设。根据上文“But she recovered, though  ___8___ , and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.”以及常识可知，医生和护理团队拯救了女病人的生命，此处表示很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。故选C。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是额外的事情，应该得到奖励。A. honour荣誉；B. ability能力；C. opening开口处；D. extra额外的东西。根据上文“To many people, ___19___ lives is part of the job but styling hair is an”可知，此处表示做发型是本职工作以外的事情，即额外做的事情，应该得到奖励。故选D。
名校预测




（2023届高三年级浙江省宁波市模拟考试）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I experienced a day when I was extraordinarily ___1___. I’m never a picture of grace, but on this particular day, I seemed to be ___2___ everything. It’s an old church, and the floor is ___3___ in some places, so my fall was the floor’s fault. But when I fell again on my way out to the car, and yet again in my own home, I began to grow ___4___. Had I let myself get so stressed out that I had ___5___ become sick?
Having been raised by devoted Christian parents who also worked in the mental-health field, I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local ___6___. I have the calming practice that ___7___ a yoga pose with a breath prayer. I went to ___8___ more comfortable clothes for the exercise, and as I removed my shoes, I was ___9___!
I wasn’t having a stroke at all. I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals. The soles (鞋底) of both shoes were split in two! I had ____10____ all the possibilities to figure out what was causing my clumsiness. It never occurred to me to check my soles.
So often when we start to feel ____11____, we look for ways to make things better. But just as it never occurred to me to check the soles of my shoes, our own souls are the very ____12____ thing we think of to check. Take a moment to remember the last time you sat still, meditating. If you can’t remember when that was, it might be a(n) ____13____.
The local cobbler (鞋匠) said my soles were irreparable. We had a good ____14____, but it was time to let them go. Fortunately for us, our souls can be mended and restored — once we realize they are in need of ____15____.
1．A．busy B．clumsy C．stressed D．bored
2．A．going through B．stepping on C．falling off D．tripping over
3．A．uneven B．sharp C．stained D．shallow
4．A．inspired B．grieved C．concerned D．interested
5．A．luckily B．literally C．obviously D．doubtfully
6．A．doctor B．coach C．tailor D．psychologist
7．A．exchanges B．equips C．associates D．combines
8．A．wrap up B．take off C．change into D．look after
9．A．rescued B．cured C．injured D．slipped
10．A．exhausted B．predicted C．ignored D．discussed
11．A．delighted B．divided C．overwhelmed D．thrilled
12．A．best B．last C．easiest D．hardest
13．A．mistake B．solution C．test D．clue
14．A．run B．exercise C．yoga D．gesture
15．A．repair B．review C．response D．replacement
【答案】
1．B    2．D    3．A    4．C    5．B    6．A    7．D    8．C    9．B    10．A    11．C    12．B    13．D    14．A    15．A
【导语】本文是一夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者总是因为走路总是绊倒，从而怀疑自己患了中风，后来才知道是自己的鞋底出了问题。作者用自己的经历告诉人们，遇到问题要冷静思考，一旦问题就马上修复。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天我特别笨手笨脚。A. busy忙碌的；B. clumsy笨拙的、笨手笨脚的；C. stressed有压力的；D. bored无聊的。根据下文的“I’m never a picture of grace”以及“But when I fell again on my way out to the car, and yet again in my own home, I began to grow ___4___.”可知，作者这天总是跌倒，所以是笨手笨脚的一天。故选B。
2．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我从来不是一个优雅的人，但在这个特殊的日子里，我似乎被所有的事情绊倒了。A. going through经历；B. stepping on踏上；C. falling off摔下；D. tripping over绊倒。根据下文的“But when I fell again on my way out to the car, and yet again in my own home, I began to grow ___4___.”可知，作者这天总是跌倒，所以作者觉得什么都能绊倒自己。故选D。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个古老的教堂，有些地方的地板不平整，所以我摔倒是地板的错。A. uneven不均匀、不平整的；B. sharp尖锐的；C. stained有污痕的；D. shallow浅的。根据上文可知，作者总是绊倒；再根据下文“so my fall was the floor’s fault”可知，作者认为自己绊倒是地板的错，由此判断地板不平整。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我在往车里走的路上又摔倒了，而且又是在自己家里时，我开始担心起来。A. inspired受到鼓舞的；B. grieved悲伤的；C. concerned担忧的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据下文“Had I let myself get so stressed out that I had ___5___ become sick?”可知，作者开始担心自己生病了。故选C。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我是不是让自己压力太大，以至于真的生病了?A. luckily幸运地；B. literally逐字地、真正的；C. obviously明显地；D. doubtfully怀疑地。根据下文“Having been raised by devoted Christian parents who also worked in the mental-health field, I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local ___6___.”可知，作者觉得自己是真的生病了。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母都是虔诚的基督徒，他们也在心理健康领域工作，所以在我去看当地医生之前，我倾向于寻找精神和情感上的原因。A. doctor医生；B. coach教练；C. tailor裁缝；D. psychologist心理学家。根据上文可知，作者觉得自己生病了而感到担忧。而根据上文“Having been raised by devoted Christian parents who also worked in the mental-health field, I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons”可知，作者首先倾向于寻找精神和情感上的原因，然后才考虑找医生。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有一个结合瑜伽姿势和呼吸祈祷的平静锻炼。A. exchanges交换；B. equips装备；C. associates联系；D. combines结合。根据下文的“with”以及“I went to ___8___ more comfortable clothes for the exercise”可知，作者是准备去做一个锻炼，而这个锻炼是结合了瑜伽姿势和呼吸祈祷。故选D。
8．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：为了锻炼，我去换了更舒服的衣服，当我脱掉鞋子时，我痊愈了！A. wrap up包裹；B. take off起飞、脱下；C. change into变成，换成；D. look after照料。根据空后的“more comfortable clothes for the exercise, and as I removed my shoes, I was ___9___!”可知，作者是换成更舒服的衣服去锻炼。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了锻炼，我去换了更舒服的衣服，当我脱掉鞋子时，我痊愈了！A. rescued救援；B. cured治愈；C. injured伤害；D. slipped滑倒。根据下文“I wasn’t having a stroke at all. I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals. The soles (鞋底) of both shoes were split in two!”可知，作者知道了自己总是跌倒的原因，所以是痊愈了。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我用尽了所有可能的方法来找出我笨手笨脚的原因。A. exhausted使筋疲力尽、耗尽；B. predicted预测；C. ignored忽视；D. discussed讨论。根据上文的“Having been raised by devoted Christian parents who also worked in the mental-health field, I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local ___6___.”可知，作者是耗尽了所有方法来找出自己笨手笨脚的原因。故选A。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我们开始感到不知所措时，我们就会想方设法让事情变得更好。A. delighted高兴的；B. divided分开的；C. overwhelmed不知所措的；D. thrilled兴奋的。根据上文的“Having been raised by devoted Christian parents who also worked in the mental-health field, I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local ___6___.”可知，作者以为自己生病了，所以耗尽方法寻找原因，也就是作者觉得不知所措。故选C。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但就像我从来没有想过要检查我的鞋底一样，我们自己的灵魂是我们最不会想到要检查的东西。A. best最好的；B. last最后的；C. easiest最简单的；D. hardest最困难的。根据上文内容可知，作者误以为自己患病后，想了很多办法，却唯独没有检查自己的鞋底。本句为类比，所以灵魂是我们最不会想到的去检查的东西。故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你不记得那是什么时候，那可能是个线索。A. mistake错误；B. solution解决方法；C. test测试；D. clue线索。根据上文可知，作者因为没有检查鞋底而想尽办法都没有弄清楚摔倒的原因，所以，作者在这里建议读者有问题的时候可以审视灵魂，说不定会找到解决问题的线索。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们有一段美好的时光，但现在是时候让它们走了。A. run时光；B. exercise运动；C. yoga瑜伽；D. gesture姿势。根据上文的“I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals. ”可知，作者非常喜欢这双鞋，因此推知，作者穿着这双鞋度过了一段美好的时光。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我们来说幸运的是，我们的灵魂可以被修复和恢复——一旦我们意识到它们需要修复。A. repair修理；B. review复习；C. response回应；D. replacement取代。根据上文的“Fortunately for us, our souls can be mended and restored”故可知，空处指的是灵魂需要修补的时候。故选A。
名师押题



第一篇
I ran into a friend a few days ago and greeted him in the familiar way. He gave the usual ______16______ --“I’m doing fine”, but he ______17______ two words “I guess” to the beginning of his greeting. That totally changed the meaning. His ______18______ expression matched the two added words.______19______, he wasn’t doing well. So I dug a little deeper and found he really was ______20______ with some big issues.
In today’s world of fast and quickly ______21______  social media, we are given the ______22______ that the people there have near perfect lives. Look at anyone’s personal blog and you’ll see all these fun pictures and comments. Much of what we see is the good ______23______. Of course there is really nothing wrong with that, but it can make a lot of people feel or ______24______ that their own lives are full of challenges and various problems, _______25_______ self-pity and depression.
The _______26_______ is that nobody’s life is perfect. Just looking from the outside, you might be _______27_______ thinking that other people are doing much better than you. If you look on a deeper _____28_____, you will see that the surface view can be very ______29______ . That is because most of us don’t show our problems but prefer to show our ______30______.
So, don’t admire other people’s near perfect sides any more. No matter how _______31_______ their lives look from the outside, they have their problems and _______32_______ too. Try to understand yourself better and _______33_______ the self-pity or feelings of “not as good as other people”. It can make your depression ______34______ . Even better, you can see yourself in a(n) ______35______ angle and have higher self-esteem(自尊).
16．A．point B．description C．response D．goal
17．A．added B．created C．wrote D．spelt
18．A．ridiculous B．facial C．lovely D．grateful
19．A．Obviously B．Eventually C．Gradually D．Excitedly
20．A．slipping B．infecting C．competing D．struggling
21．A．emerging B．expanding C．dismissing D．disappearing
22．A．impression B．permission C．pressure D．affection
23．A．staff B．dialect C．catalogue D．stuff
24．A．express B．decide C．believe D．report
25．A．asking B．causing C．damaging D．losing
26．A．idea B．fact C．hope D．opinion
27．A．panicked into B．given up C．tricked into D．cleared up
28．A．scale B．occasion C．level D．course
29．A．interesting B．disappointing C．developing D．misleading
30．A．successes B．frustrations C．setbacks D．downsides
31．A．perfect B．poor C．low D．cold
32．A．strengths B．challenges C．desires D．influences
33．A．obtain B．possess C．remove D．sense
34．A．react B．exist C．float D．lift
35．A．frequent B．soft C．evident D．different


【答案】
16． C    17．A    18．B    19．A    20．D    21．B    22．A    23．D    24．C    25．B    26．B    27．C    28．C    29．D    30．A    31．A    32．B    33．C    34．D    35．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我们以为别人的生活近乎完美。事实上，没有人的生活是完美的或接近完美的。
17． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一如既往地回答——“我很好”，但在问候的开头又加了两个词“我猜”。A. point观点；B. description描述；C. response回复；D. goal目标。根据“I ran into a friend a few days ago and greeted him in the familiar way.”可知，朋友对作者打招呼的回复。故选C。
18． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一如既往地回答——“我很好”，但在问候的开头又加了两个词“我猜”。A. added增加；B. created创造；C. wrote写；D. spelt拼写。根据“two words “I guess” to the beginning of his greeting.”可知，朋友回答时在开头加了两个字“我猜”。故选A。
19． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的面部表情与这两个附加的词相匹配。A. ridiculous荒谬的；B. facial面部的；C. lovely可爱的；D. grateful感激的。根据“expression”可知，朋友的面部表情与这两个字相匹配。故选B。
20． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，他过得不好。A. Obviously显然；B. Eventually最终；C. Gradually逐渐地D. Excitedly激动地。根据“he wasn’t doing well.”可知，很明显，这位朋友做得不好。故选A。
21． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我深入调查了一下，发现他确实在为一些大问题而挣扎。A. slipping滑倒；B. infecting传染；C. competing竞争；D. struggling挣扎。根据“with some big issues.”可知，这位朋友在为一些重大的问题挣扎。故选D。
22． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在当今这个社交媒体飞速发展的世界里，我们给人的印象是那里的人拥有近乎完美的生活。A. emerging浮现；B. expanding发展；C. dismissing开除；D. disappearing消失。根据“In today’s world of fast and quickly”可知，如今的社交媒体快速发展。故选B。
23． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在当今这个社交媒体飞速发展的世界里，我们给人的印象是那里的人拥有近乎完美的生活。A. impression印象；B. permission允许；C. pressure压力；D. affection影响。根据“that the people there have near perfect lives.”可知，我们的印象是，社交媒体中的那些人有着近乎完美的生活。故选A。
24． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们看到的很多都是好东西。A. staff员工；B. dialect方言；C. catalogue目录；D. stuff东西；材料。根据“Look at anyone’s personal blog and you’ll see all these fun pictures and comments.”可知，我们看到的大多数图片和评论是好的东西。故选D。
25． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，这真的没有什么错，但它会让很多人觉得或认为自己的生活充满了挑战和各种问题，引起自怜和抑郁。A. express表达；B. decide决定；C. believe相信；D. report报告。根据“that their own lives are full of challenges and various problems, ______10______ self-pity and depression.”可知，它会让很多人觉得或相信他们自己的生活充满挑战和各种各样的问题，这会导致他们自怜和抑郁。故选C。
26． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，这真的没有什么错，但它会让很多人觉得或认为自己的生活充满了挑战和各种问题，引起自怜和抑郁。A. asking询问；B. causing引起；C. damaging损害；D. losing失去。根据“self-pity and depression.”可知，这会导致他们自怜和抑郁。故选B。
27． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，没有人的生活是完美的。A. idea想法；B. fact事实；C. hope希望；D. opinion观点。根据“that nobody’s life is perfect.”可知，事实是没有人的生活是完美的。故选B。
28． 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：只是从外面看，你可能会误以为别人比你做得好得多。A. panicked into惊慌失措；B. given up放弃；C. tricked into诱骗；D. cleared up清理，放晴。根据“that other people are doing much better than you.”可知，仅从外表看时，你可能会被骗，认为其他人比你做得好得多。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你看得更深一点，你会发现表面的观点很容易误导人。A. scale规模；B. occasion场合；C. level水平；层次；D. course课程。根据“you will see that the surface view can be very _____14_____ .”可知，你如果往更深的层次看，就会发现表面的景象非常误导人。故选C。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你看得更深一点，你会发现表面的观点很容易误导人。A. interesting有趣的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. developing发展中的；D. misleading令人误解的。根据“If you look on a deeper ____13____,”可知，表面的景象非常误导人。故选D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是因为我们大多数人不展示我们的问题，而更喜欢展示我们的成功。A. successes成功；B. frustrations挫折；C. setbacks失败；D. downsides消极面。根据“That is because most of us don’t show our problems”可知，我们大多数人喜欢展示我们的成功。故选A。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管他们的生活看起来多么完美，他们也有自己的问题和挑战。A. perfect完美的；B. poor贫穷的；C. low低的；D. cold寒冷的。根据“they have their problems and ______17______ too.”可知，无论他们的生活从外表来看有多么的完美。故选A。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管他们的生活看起来多么完美，他们也有自己的问题和挑战。A. strengths力量；B. challenges挑战；C. desires要求；D. influences影响。根据“No matter how ______16______ their lives look from the outside,”可知，他们也有自己的问题和挑战。故选B。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：试着更好地了解自己，消除自怜或“不如别人”的感觉。 A. obtain获得；B. possess拥有；C. remove消除；D. sense感觉。根据“Try to understand yourself better”可知，要消除自怜或不如别人的感觉。故选C。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可以解除你的抑郁。A. react反应；B. exist存在；C. float漂浮；D. lift解除，终止。根据“Try to understand yourself better and ______18______ the self-pity or feelings of “not as good as other people”.”可知，更好地了解自己，消除自怜或“不如别人”的感觉，可以让你摆脱抑郁。故选D。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更好的是，你可以从不同的角度看待自己，拥有更高的自尊。A. frequent频繁的；B. soft柔软的；C. evident明显的；D. different不同的。根据“and have higher self-esteem(自尊).”可知，从不同的角度看待自己，可以拥有更强的自尊心。故选D。

第二篇
Behind the city of Colorado Springs stands a mountain which is popular among local hikers. The ____1____ hiker is generally always told that the hike will take all day to go up and back. He is told to start early and to set a strong, steady pace for the journey will be ____2____. The hiker who follows this advice and plans accordingly can be easily ____3____ and even become angry or confused on ____4____ the beginning of the trail, because he can see that the hike to the summit (山顶) and back would take far less than half a day easily at even the most relaxed ____5____.
And so he ____6____ his plans. He climbs up the trail wandering frequently from the path, taking many side-trips. He stops to play and to ____7____ on some of the supplies he brings since he won’t need so much for such a short trip. This he does ____8____ about half way through the day when he finally climbs to the summit only to discover that it is his eyes that have ____9____ him and not the words of those who have gone before. For he now stands on a false summit which has ____10____ his view of the higher summit far above.
Realizing his lack of foresight, this hiker now quickly ____11____ his time and decides that if he pushes himself hard enough he can still make it to the summit. And so he ____12____ at a wild pace, crashing through the bush until at last he reaches his destination and looks up at still another summit. You see, the mountain has two ____13____ summits, both of which must be traveled over before reaching the real goal. It getting dark, our exhausted hiker has no choice but to return sadly. He will try again another day.
____14____, we are not so fortunate in our journey through life. There are many false summits, and if you struggle for only those goals which you can see, you will fall far short of the ____15____ goal.
1．A．crazy B．anxious C．fortunate D．inexperienced
2．A．exciting B．difficult C．boring D．smooth
3．A．satisfied B．terrified C．amazed D．disappointed
4．A．reaching B．changing C．imagining D．choosing
5．A．pace B．mood C．tone D．breath
6．A．makes B．changes C．forgets D．remembers
7．A．drop B．count C．snack D．concentrate
8．A．until B．since C．after D．before
9．A．shocked B．cheated C．helped D．guided
10．A．hidden B．caught C．blocked D．broadened
11．A．realizes B．recalls C．reproduces D．reevaluates
12．A．sets off B．turns up C．catches up D．brings about
13．A．high B．false C．beautiful D．dangerous
14．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
15．A．genuine B．specific C．ambitious D．Immediate
【答案】
1． D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者从爬山的角度出发，告诉我们要认清楚目标，不能被假的目标欺骗，如果只为那些看得见的目标而奋斗，那么离真正的目标就差得远了。
1． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有经验的徒步旅行者通常总是被告知徒步要花上一整天的时间。A. crazy疯狂的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. inexperienced没有经验的。根据下文“the hike will take all day to go up and back. He is told to start early and to set a strong, steady pace”可知，没有经验的徒步旅行者通常总是被告知徒步要花上一整天的时间。故选D。
2． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他被告知要尽早出发，并设定一个强劲、稳定的步伐，因为这将是一段艰难的旅程。A. exciting令人激动的；B. difficult艰难的；C. boring令人无聊的；D. smooth光滑的。根据上文“set a strong, steady pace”可知，他被告知要尽早出发，并设定一个强劲、稳定的步伐，因为这将是一段艰难的旅程。故选B。
3． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：遵循这一建议并相应地制定计划的登山者很容易失望，甚至在到达小径的起点时变得愤怒或困惑，因为他可以看到，即使以最轻松的速度，徒步到山顶并返回也只需不到半天的时间。A. satisfied满意的；B. terrified害怕的；C. amazed惊讶的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“even become angry or confused”可知，遵循这一建议并相应地制定计划的登山者很容易失望。故选D。
4． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：遵循这一建议并相应地制定计划的登山者很容易失望，甚至在到达小径的起点时变得愤怒或困惑，因为他可以看到，即使以最轻松的速度，徒步到山顶并返回也只需不到半天的时间。A. reaching到达；B. changing改变；C. imagining想象；D. choosing选择。根据下文“the beginning of the trail, because he can see that the hike to the summit (山顶) and back would take far less than half a day easily”可知，遵循这一建议并相应地制定计划的登山者很容易失望，甚至在到达小径的起点时变得愤怒或困惑，因为他可以看到，即使以最轻松的速度，徒步到山顶并返回也只需不到半天的时间。故选A。
5． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：遵循这一建议并相应地制定计划的登山者很容易失望，甚至在到达小径的起点时变得愤怒或困惑，因为他可以看到，即使以最轻松的速度，徒步到山顶并返回也只需不到半天的时间。A. pace速度；B. mood情绪；C. tone语气；D. breath呼吸。根据上文“He is told to start early and to set a strong, steady pace for the journey”和“at even the most relaxed”可知，此处表示“即使以最轻松的速度，徒步到山顶并返回也只需不到半天的时间”。故选A。
6． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他改变了计划。A. makes制作；B. changes改变；C. forgets忘记；D. remembers记得。根据下文“He climbs up the trail wandering frequently from the path, taking many side-trips”可知，他改变了计划。故选B。
7． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他停下来玩耍，并吃了一些他带来的食物，因为在这么短的旅行中他不需要这么多。A. drop下降；B. count数数；C. snack吃零食；D. concentrate集中。根据下文“on some of the supplies he brings”可知，他停下来玩耍，并吃了一些他带来的食物，空格处意为“吃零食”。故选C。
8． 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他一直这样做，直到中午，当他终于爬上山顶时，才发现欺骗他的是他的眼睛，而不是前面那些人说的话。A. until直到；B. since自从；C. after在……之后；D. before在……之前。根据下文“about half way through the day when he finally climbs to the summit”可知，他一直这样做，直到中午。故选A。
9． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一直这样做，直到中午，当他终于爬上山顶时，才发现欺骗他的是他的眼睛，而不是前面那些人说的话。A. shocked使震惊；B. cheated欺骗；C. helped帮助；D. guided指导。根据下文“For he now stands on a false summit”可知，当他终于爬上山顶时，才发现欺骗他的是他的眼睛。故选B。
10． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为他现在站在一个虚假的顶峰上，挡住了他对更高的顶峰的视线。A. hidden躲藏；B. caught抓住；C. blocked挡住；D. broadened变宽。根据下文“his view of the higher summit far above”可知，他现在站在一个虚假的顶峰上，挡住了他对更高的顶峰的视线。故选C。
11． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到自己缺乏远见，这位徒步旅行者现在迅速重新评估了他的时间，并决定如果他足够努力，他仍然可以到达山顶。A. realizes意识到；B. recalls回想起；C. reproduces繁殖；D. reevaluates重新评估。根据下文“decides that if he pushes himself hard enough he can still make it to the summit”可知，这位徒步旅行者现在迅速重新评估了他的时间。故选D。
12． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：于是他狂奔着出发了，穿过灌木丛，终于到达了目的地，抬头看到了另一座山顶。A. sets off出发；B. turns up出现；C. catches up赶上；D. brings about带来。根据下文“at a wild pace, crashing through the bush until at last he reaches his destination”可知，于是他狂奔着出发了，穿过灌木丛。故选A。
13． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你看，这座山有两个假山顶，要想到达真正的目的地，必须先翻过这两个假山顶。A. high高的；B. false假的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. dangerous危险的。根据下文“both of which must be traveled over before reaching the real goal”可知，这座山有两个假山顶。故选B。
14． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我们的人生旅途中，我们并没有那么幸运。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据下文“we are not so fortunate in our journey through life”可知，然而，在我们的人生旅途中，我们并没有那么幸运。故选B。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虚假的高峰有很多，如果你只为那些看得见的目标而奋斗，那么你离真正的目标就差得远了。A. genuine真正的；B. specific具体的；C. ambitious有抱负的；D. immediate即时的。根据上文“There are many false summits, and if you struggle for only those goals which you can see”可知，虚假的高峰有很多，如果你只为那些看得见的目标而奋斗，那么你离真正的目标就差得远了。故选A。