英语 （三）-2023年高考考前20天终极冲刺攻略（全国通用）

这是一份英语 （三）-2023年高考考前20天终极冲刺攻略（全国通用），共75页。


目 录 contents
（三）

完形填空之说明文………………………………………04


完形填空之高频词汇篇…………………………………28


语法填篇…………………………………………………48


书面表达之提纲类作文…………………………………63







完形填空之说明文
命题分析



近三年全国卷完形填空考查情况统计表
年份
试卷类型
体裁
话题
考点分布

2022
全国甲卷
记叙文
因狗结缘
动词（短语）8 名词（短语）7
形容词1 副词 3
全国乙卷
说明文
玩捉迷藏
动词（短语）7 名词（短语）7
形容词4 副词 2
新高考I卷
记叙文
宿营的乐趣
动词（短语） 5 形容词3 副词1名词（短语）5 介词1
2021
全国甲卷
记叙文
诚恳地写道歉信起作用了
动词（短语）10 形容词5
名词（短语）4 副词 1
全国乙卷
夹叙夹议文
对别人的付出要表示真诚的感谢
动词（短语）10 形容词2
名词（短语）7 副词2
新高考I卷
记叙文
工厂打工赚钱的感触
动词（短语）9 形容词4
名词（短语）2
2020
全国卷I
夹叙夹议文
对孩子善意的谎言引发的思考
动词（短语）8 形容词3
名词（短语）8 副词2
介词短语1
全国卷II
记叙文
偶然间竞拍的画作带来的惊喜
动词11 名词4
形容词3 副词2
全国卷III
记叙文
如何正确对待难缠的顾客
动词8 名词3 介词短语2
形容词（短语）6 副词1

【考纲解读】

考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
在一篇250词左右的短文中留出20/15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
既考查考生的英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运用语言的能力。
主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力。以动词、名词、形容词、副词考查为主，其他词为辅，突出词汇语境化。通过对文章总体框架的理解和思辨能力，破解问题。
高考预测




综观近几年的高考完形填空的考查走势，全国卷中的完形填空中，说明文类完形填空往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明。通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。预计2023年高考英语完形填空求稳，仍以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，但考生也应当熟悉完形填空说明文的命题和解题细节。

说明文的命题预测：
1. 开篇点题:
文章首句直接提出说明的对象。这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2. 结构清晰：
说明文一般按照一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。一般采用时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或道理。
3. 用词简洁：
说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、发展的过程及规律。
4. 难度较大
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述严谨，术语较多，句子较长，结构更为复杂。
应试技巧






No. 1： 快速理解文章大意
No. 2： 理清说明的顺序
No. 3： 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
No. 4： 注重上下文语境
No. 5： 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
上下一致、逻辑合理 、语法正确、符合搭配。

真题回眸


典例1 （2022·全国乙卷）
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___1___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___2___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___3___.
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___4___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___5___ research results in child developmental psychology ___6___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC．Each ___7___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___8___. We then asked the child if she could ___9___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same _____10_____ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: _____11_____ children said that they couldn’t _____12_____ to her.
A number of _____13_____ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects _____14_____ the questions and knew _____15_____ what was asked of them. Their _____16_____ to the questions reflected their true _____17_____ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply _____18_____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our _____19_____ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _____20_____ when others use it.
1．A．following B．taking C．escaping D．directing
2．A．clever B．bad C．scared D．quick
3．A．exposed B．examined C．untouched D．imbalanced
4．A．supported B．guaranteed C．imagined D．interpreted
5．A．disappointing B．mixed C．surprising D．desired
6．A．explained B．confirmed C．contradicted D．tested
7．A．parent B．child C．researcher D．doctor
8．A．feet B．nose C．hands D．ears
9．A．see B．help C．reach D．fool
10．A．event B．thing C．action D．accident
11．A．Yet B．Now C．Soon D．Once
12．A．speak B．listen C．turn D．wave
13．A．instructions B．descriptions C．experiments D．assumptions
14．A．comprehended B．predicted C．explored D．ignored
15．A．partly B．honestly C．vaguely D．exactly
16．A．responses B．approaches C．contribution D．sensitivity
17．A．ability B．belief C．identity D．purpose
18．A．hold back B．relate to C．insist on D．make up
19．A．limitations B．requirements C．theories D．findings
20．A．tentative B．impressive C．creative D．effective
【答案】
1．C    2．B    3．A    4．D    5．C    6．C    7．B    8．D    9．A    10．B    11．B    12．A    13．C    14．A    15．D    16．A    17．B    18．C    19．D    20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”（全球的孩子们享受玩捉迷藏的游戏）可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”（他们通常只是用手盖住自己的眼睛，身体的其他部分露在外面）可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies” （他们通常只是用手盖住自己的眼睛，身体的其他部分露在外面）可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据本句中的that从句内容“evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”并结合上文语境可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”（我们的19 建议当一个孩子用毯子盖住头来隐藏时，这并不是自我中心的结果）可知，研究结果与之前孩子们自我中心的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”（我们的19 建议当一个孩子用毯子盖住头来隐藏时，这并不是自我中心的结果）可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”（我们把一些2到4岁的孩子带到我们在USC的思维发展实验室）可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“We then asked the child if she could 　　9　　 or or hear the adult”（我们之后问孩子是否能或者听到大人的声音）可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“Each 　　7　　 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 　　8　　.”（每个孩子和遮住了眼睛和耳朵的大人坐在一起）可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.” (此刻孩子们说他们不能和她_12_)可知，发生了与前面孩子们不能看见大人类似的事情，即孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，此刻孩子们说不能和成年人说话了，强调当下。故选B项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth” (大人的嘴巴被盖住了)可知，由于盖住的是嘴巴，因此同样的事情则是孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选A项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“ and knew _15_ what was asked of them”（我们年轻的主人公们理解了问题并且知道自己被问了什么）可知，只有先理解了才能能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”(他们的 16 反映了他们真实的_17_)可知，只有确切地知道自己被问了什么，才能说他们的答案反映他们真实的看法。故选D项。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据上文可知，正是通过对孩子们进行提问来进行的，孩子们自然要对问题做出回答和回应可知，此处指孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据上下文可知这个在思维实验室进行的实验的目的正是为了研究孩子们的思维方式，通过回答与大人的互动有关的问题，他们的回答反映的他们的真正的看法。故选B项。
18．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”（只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你）可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings检验发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”（我们把一些2到4岁的孩子带到我们在USC的思维发展实验室）可知，结合前文讲了实验的一些经过可知，此处表示实验的研究发现，故选D项。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”（他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重）可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，他们自己使用这种方法，所以当其他人也使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。

典例2 （2018·上海卷）
When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. __21__, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock- climbing or talking about books.
They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into __22__. The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous (急剧的) __23__ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.
To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the __24__ have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. u People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, ' but they're __25__ the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less __26__ in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.
According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her __27__, exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the __28__ effect, the study said. In the first __29__, "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more __30__and fewer resources, " said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen： Why Today's Super- Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."
In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more __31__ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “ establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said. But America is shifting more toward the __32__model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. uEven in families whose parents didn't have a college education. . . families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully  __33__ has really sunk in. ‘‘ The __34__of 41 adult activities'' could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990 s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the __35__, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.
21．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Moreover D．Besides
22．A．childhood B．neighborhood C．adolescents D．adulthood
23．A．escapes B．ends C．decreases D．changes
24．A．minorities B．majorities C．masses D．amounts
25．A．taking B．avoiding C．sending D．missing
26．A．interested B．envied C．relieved D．realized
27．A．emotions B．surroundings C．customs D．habits
28．A．wrong B．same C．opposite D．similar
29．A．event B．issue C．case D．occasion
30．A．trouble B．questions C．benefits D．diseases
31．A．respectively B．delicately C．seriously D．considerably
32．A．slower B．better C．smaller D．faster
33．A．emphasized B．related C．organized D．educated
34．A．implement B．postponement C．achievement D．payment
35．A．cause B．impact C．fact D．result
【答案】
21．B    22．D    23．C    24．B    25．D    26．A    27．B    28．C    29．C    30．D    31．C    32．A    33．D    34．B    35．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么在美国现在越来越少的青少年推迟那些长期被视为成人仪式的活动，主要的原因还是在于生活模式的不同。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们坚持做G级活动，如攀岩或谈论书籍。A. Therefore因此；B. Rather相反；C. Moreover而且；D. Besides另外。此处参加G级活动“攀岩或谈论书籍”与前文“they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates（他们不会喝啤酒，也不会和约会对象开着车到处兜风）”前后转折。故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究显示，青少年越来越推迟那些长期以来被视为成年仪式的活动。A. childhood童年；B. neighborhood邻居；C. adolescents青少年；D. adulthood成年。根据下文“The  ___14___ of “ adult activities”” 可知，此处为“成年仪式的活动”。故选D项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：周二发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的研究发现，自1976年以来，美国青少年中有驾照、试过酒、约会和打工的比例急剧下降，在过去十年中降幅最大。A. escapes逃跑；B. ends结束；C. decreases减少；下降；D. changes变化。根据下文“The declines appeared”可知，此处为“比例下降”。故选C项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以肯定的是，超过一半的青少年仍在从事这些活动，但大多数人已大幅减少。A. minorities少数；B. majorities多数；C. masses大量；D. amounts金额。根据空前“To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities（可以肯定的是，超过一半的青少年仍然从事这些活动）”，在结合“but”可知，前后为转折关系，可以推断，此处应指“大多数”已经大幅减少了。故选B项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们说，“哦，这是因为青少年更负责任、更懒惰、更无聊”，但是他们没有看到这个更大的趋势。A. taking采用；B. avoiding避免；C. sending发送；D. missing错过。根据后文指明更大趋势是“because in today's society, they no longer need to（因为在今天的社会，他们不再需要这样做了）”可知，此空前后都是分析原因，故此处为人们“忽略”了更大趋势。故选D项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，她说，孩子们可能对约会、开车或找工作等活动不太感兴趣，因为在当今社会，他们不再需要这样做。A. interested感兴趣的；B. envied羡慕的；C. relieved解除；D. realized实现。根据前文“the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous decreases in the past decade.（自1976年以来，美国青少年中有驾照、试过酒、约会和打工的比例直线下降，在过去十年中降幅最大。）”可以推断，此处应为“青少年可能对约会、开车或找工作等活动不太感兴趣”，且“be interested in”意为“对……感兴趣”，是固定搭配。故选A项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据进化心理学理论研究称，一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快，暴露在“恶劣和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展，而资源更丰富和安全的环境则会产生相反的效果。A. emotions情绪；B. surroundings周围环境；C. customs风俗；D. habits习惯。根据后文“exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development（暴露在“严酷和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展）”可以推断，此处为“一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快”。故选B项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据进化心理学理论研究称，一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快，暴露在“恶劣和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展，而资源更丰富和安全的环境则会产生相反的效果。A. wrong错误的；B. same相同的；C. opposite对面的；D. similar类似的。前文“a "harsh and unpredictable" environment（“严酷和不可预测的”环境）”与“ a more resource-rich and secure environment （资源更丰富和安全的环境）”形成对比，可以推断，此处为“产生相反的效果”。故选C项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在第一种情况下，你会有很多孩子，处于生存模式中。A. event事件；B. issue发行；C.  case案例，情况；D. occasion场合。根据后文“fewer resources（更少的资源）”可知，此句是对第一种情况“恶劣和不可预测的环境”的举例，故此处应指“第一种情况”。故选C项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：会有更多的疾病和更少的资源。A. trouble麻烦；B. questions问题；C. benefits好处；D. diseases疾病。此处是对第一种情况“恶劣和不可预测的环境发展”的举例，应与“fewer resources（更少的资源）”并列，突出环境的恶劣和不可预测，可以推断，此处为“更多的疾病”。故选D项。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这种模式下，十几岁的男孩可能会更认真地考虑结婚问题，研究称，开车和打工对于“在获取资源的基础上建立配偶价值”很重要。A. respectively分别；B. delicately精致地；C. seriously认真地；D. considerably相当大。根据前文“exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development（暴露在“严酷和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展）”，且此处为在恶劣和不可预测环境的情况，可以推断，此处应为“更认真地考虑结婚问题”。故选C项。
32．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：特温格说，但美国正在更多地转向较慢的经济模式，而且这种变化在各个社会经济阶层都很明显。A. slower慢一点；B. better更好；C. smaller较小；D. faster更快。上文是发展快的例子，结合空前“But America is shifting more toward”可知，美国人开始转变了，前后转折，与上文“发展快”是相反的情况，可以推断，此处为“美国正在更多地转向较慢的经济模式”。故选A项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：家庭变小了，孩子需要被仔细教育的观念已经深入人心。A. emphasized强调；B. related相关；C. organized组织；D. educated教育。根据前文“Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education（即使是在父母没有接受过大学教育的家庭）”可以推断，此处应表示“即使在父母没有接受过大学教育的家庭里，仍然重视教育”。故选D项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“成人活动”的推迟不能归因于更多的作业或课外活动。A. implement实施；B. postponement延期；C. achievement 成就；D. payment付款。根据前文“teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into adulthood.（青少年越来越推迟那些长期以来被视为成年仪式的活动。）”可以推断，此处为“成人活动的推迟”。故选B项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：报告称，智能手机和互联网的使用也不完全是原因，因为智能手机和互联网的使用在普及之前就已经开始减少了。A. cause原因；B. impact影响；C. fact事实；D. result结果。根据前文“could not be attributed to”可知，此处讲的是“成人活动推迟的原因”。故选A项。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第7小题，根据后文“exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development（暴露在“严酷和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展）”可以推断，此处为“一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快”。故选B项。
名校预测



（2023届高三年级河北邯郸统考一模）
Playing sports teaches students a lot about how to behave, both on the field and off.
Middle schooler Andrew Hawkinson had never run a cross-country race before, but he spared no ____81____ at a cross-country race against competitors from Liverpool Middle School.
While near the finish line, the boy couldn’t seem to catch his ____82____.
Andrew took a knee and tried to ____83____ himself, crying from physical exhaustion due to the run. Cooper Kohanski, a runner for the other team, heard Andrew crying, and he didn’t think twice about ____84____ him with words of encouragement. “When I turned around. I heard a kid crying, which is common because it really does hurt, so I wanted to ____85____ he was okay,” said Cooper.
As Cooper ____86____ his opponent, someone snapped a(n) ___87___ of the two boys. The image was then shared online, where it quickly made the rounds on the Internet.
Andrew’s mother ____88____ the whole scene and was ____89____ moved. “It just really fed my soul and I was really _____90_____,”she said. “I wouldn’t have expected somebody from the other team to _____91_____ him.”
Those who know Cooper best say they’re not the least bit ____92____, however. Coach Greg Hamilton says Cooper is always the first to be there when another runner is _____93_____. It’s just in the boy’s _____94_____ to help others.
Cooper thinks running cross-country is about much more than _____95_____ the match! It’s about sportsmanship, character, and basic human kindness.
81．A．energy B．courage C．effort D．focus
82．A．attention B．breath C．pace D．routine
83．A．compose B．perform C．delight D．distract
84．A．attracting B．approaching C．entertaining D．monitoring
85．A．figure out B．speak up C．look into D．make sure
86．A．comforted B．challenged C．criticized D．highlighted
87．A．sight B．union C．photograph D．interaction
88．A．admired B．suspected C．celebrated D．witnessed
89．A．seriously B．apparently C．incredibly D．eventually
90．A．amused B．impressed C．annoyed D．defeated
91．A．devote to B．hold back C．wait for D．check on
92．A．disappointed B．worried C．surprised D．relaxed
93．A．participating B．struggling C．complaining D．hesitating
94．A．potential B．intention C．capability D．nature
95．A．winning B．completing C．experiencing D．respecting


【答案】
81．C    82．B    83．A    84．B    85．D    86．A    87．C    88．D    89．C    90．B    91．D    92．C    93．B    94．D    95．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Andrew在参加越野比赛时因跑得太累而哭了起来，他的竞争对手Cooper没有因为比赛而对此漠不关心，而是停下来去安慰他，这一幕也感动了很多人。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中学生Andrew Hawkinson以前从未参加过越野赛，但他不遗余力地与来自利物浦中学的选手进行了一场越野赛。A. energy精力；B. courage勇气；C. effort努力；D. focus焦点。spare no effort不遗余力。根据“Middle schooler Andrew Hawkinson had never run a cross-country race before,”可知，Andrew全力以赴地参加一项越野比赛。故选C。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：快到终点线时，男孩似乎都喘不过气来。A. attention注意；B. breath呼吸；C. pace步伐；D. routine常规。根据“Andrew took a knee and tried to ____3____ himself, crying from physical exhaustion due to the run.”可知，当接近终点线时，Andrew似乎喘不过气来。故选B。
83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Andrew单膝下跪，试图让自己镇定下来，因为跑步造成的身体疲惫而哭了起来。 A. compose使镇静；B. perform表现；C. delight高兴；D. distract 分散。根据“crying from physical exhaustion due to the run.”可知，Andrew单膝下跪，努力使自己镇定下来，但他还是因为跑得太累而哭了起来。故选A。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一队的跑步队员Cooper Kohanski听到安德鲁在哭，毫不犹豫地上前鼓励他。A. attracting吸引；B. approaching靠近；C. entertaining娱乐；D. monitoring监视。根据““When I turned around. I heard a kid crying, which is common because it really does hurt, so I wanted to ____5____ he was okay,” said Cooper.”可知，另一队的Cooper听到Andrew的哭泣，毫不犹豫地接近他，对他说鼓励的话。故选B。
85．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“当我转过身来时。我听到一个孩子在哭，这很常见，因为真的很疼，所以我想确保他没事，” Cooper说。A. figure out算出；B. speak up大声讲；C. look into调查；D. make sure 确认。根据“I heard a kid crying, which is common because it really does hurt,”可知，Cooper想确认Andrew没有事。故选D。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Cooper安慰他的对手时，有人拍下了这两个男孩的照片。 A. comforted安慰；B. challenged挑战；C. criticized挑剔；D. highlighted强调。根据“his opponent,”可知，当Cooper 安慰Andrew时。故选A。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Cooper安慰他的对手时，有人拍下了这两个男孩的照片。A. sight视力；B. union结合；C. photograph照片；D. interaction相互作用。根据“The image was then shared online, where it quickly made the rounds on the Internet.”可知，这一幕被别人拍了下来发到网上。故选C。
88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Andrew的母亲目睹了整个场景，非常感动。A. admired羡慕；B. suspected怀疑；C. celebrated庆祝；D. witnessed目睹。根据“and was ____9____ moved.”可知，Andrew 的妈妈目睹了这一幕。故选D。
89．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Andrew的母亲目睹了整个场景，非常感动。A. seriously认真地；B. apparently明显地；C. incredibly非常地；D. eventually最终。根据““It just really fed my soul and I was really ____10____,”she said. “I wouldn’t have expected somebody from the other team to ____11____ him.””可知，Andrew 的妈妈非常感动。故选C。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这真的满足了我的灵魂，我真的印象深刻，”她说。“我没想到另一队的人会来检查他。” A. amused娱乐；B. impressed使……有印象；C. annoyed使恼怒；D. defeated打败。根据“It just really fed my soul”可知，这一幕给她留下了深刻的印象。故选B。
91．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“这真的满足了我的灵魂，我真的印象深刻，”她说。“我没想到另一队的人会来检查他。” A. devote to把……献于；B. hold back阻碍；C. wait for等待；D. check on检查。根据“I wouldn’t have expected somebody from the other team”可知，她没想过会有其他队的队员过来确认Andrew的情况。故选D。
92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，那些最了解Cooper的人表示，他们一点也不惊讶。A. disappointed失望；B. worried担心；C. surprised惊讶；D. relaxed放松。根据“Coach Greg Hamilton says Cooper is always the first to be there when another runner is ____13____. It’s just in the boy’s ____14____ to help others.”可知，然而那些最了解Cooper的人却说他们对此一点也不惊讶。故选C。
93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Greg Hamilton顿教练说，当其他跑步者遇到困难时，Cooper总是第一个出现在那里。A. participating参加；B. struggling努力；C. complaining抱怨；D. hesitating犹豫。根据“Cooper is always the first to be there”可知，教练Greg表示，当另一名跑步者陷入困境时，Cooper总是第一个到场。故选B。
94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：帮助别人是这男孩的天性。A. potential潜能；B. intention目的；C. capability能力；D. nature天性。根据“to help others.”可知，帮助别人是Cooper的天性。故选D。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cooper认为越野跑不仅仅是为了赢得比赛! A. winning赢得；B. completing完成；C. experiencing体验；D. respecting尊敬。根据“It’s about sportsmanship, character, and basic human kindness.”可知，Cooper认为参加越野跑不仅仅是为了赢!故选

（重庆市八中2023年高三预测卷）
Betty Suarez is not a traditional American beauty. She has a(n) ____1____ dress sense, thick red glasses, untidy hair and large metal braces(牙箍) on her teeth. But this hasn’t ____2____ her becoming one of Americans’ favorite TV characters. So how did she ____3____ to do it?
The answer is that charm can be more ____4____ than beauty. Betty is the main character in a TV show called Ugly Betty. The show follows her life working as a(n) ____5____ at a fashion magazine doing unimportant things. She is continuously being____6____ and laughed at by the people she works with.
But Betty successfully gets ____7____ by working hard, being charming and using her ____8____. The heart of the show is the____9____ old-fashioned fairytale of how one goes from being an ugly _____10_____ into being a beautiful swan.
_____11_____ the show being predictable and the story familiar, it has still been a massive success in the US. Its ratings have been _____12_____ high and it has won two Golden Globes awards.
Many people feel able to _____13_____ the character Betty. “I think you can see a bit of Betty in all of us.” says Ashley Jensen, who plays one of the characters in the show.
Another reason why the program is so popular is the _____14_____ of the 23-year-old actress America Ferrera who plays Betty. She brings heart and soul to the character.
The second series has just been_____15_____ in the US. So there will be more adventures to come from the fashionably challenged Betty.
1．A．smart B．modern C．wrong D．unfashionable
2．A．encouraged B．pushed C．stopped D．avoided
3．A．tend B．intend C．manage D．help
4．A．challenging B．appealing C．comforting D．disappointing
5．A．assistant B．columnist C．journalist D．manager
6．A．praised B．cheered C．bullied D．ignored
7．A．about B．away C．up D．ahead
8．A．magic B．beauty C．wisdom D．tricks
9．A．slightly B．rarely C．hardly D．merely
10．A．frog B．duck C．bird D．person
11．A．Even B．With C．Despite D．Since
12．A．constantly B．roughly C．partly D．chiefly
13．A．look up to B．relate to C．get along with D．put up with
14．A．absence B．influence C．appearance D．performance
15．A．celebrated B．cancelled C．released D．Exhibited
【答案】
1． D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了贝蒂·苏亚雷斯是如何成功的。
1． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她有一种过时的穿着感，戴着厚厚的红色眼镜，头发蓬乱，牙齿上戴着大金属牙套。A. smart聪明的；B. modern现代的；C. wrong错误的；D. unfashionable不时尚的。根据下文“thick red glasses, untidy hair and large metal braces(牙箍) on her teeth.”可知，她有一种过时的穿着感。故选D项。
2． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这并没有阻止她成为美国人最喜欢的电视角色之一。 A. encouraged鼓励；B. pushed推；C. stopped停止；D. avoided避免。根据上文But可知，前后是转折关系，她虽然穿着过时，但这并没有阻止她成为美国人最喜欢的电视角色之一。故选C项。
3． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么她是怎么做到的呢？A. tend倾向于；B. intend打算； C. manage管理，设法；D. help帮助。根据上文“But this hasn’t  ____2____  her becoming one of Americans’ favorite TV characters.”以及下文的具体说明可知，那么她是怎么做到的呢，manage to do固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”。故选C项。
4． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：答案是魅力可能比美丽更有吸引力。 A. challenging有挑战性的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. comforting令人欣慰的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据上文“So how did she  ____3____  to do it?”以及“charm”可知，魅力可能比美丽更有吸引力。故选B项。
5． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该节目讲述了她在一家时尚杂志担任助理，做一些无关紧要的事情的生活。A. assistant助手；B. columnist专栏作家；C. journalist记者；D. manager经理。根据下文“doing unimportant things.”可知，她在一家时尚杂志做一些无关紧要的事情，所以担任的是助理一职。故选A项。
6． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不断受到同事的欺负和嘲笑。A. praised赞扬；B. cheered欢呼；C. bullied欺凌；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“laughed at by the people she works with.”可知，她不断受到同事的欺负和嘲笑。故选C项。
7． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但贝蒂通过努力工作、魅力四射和运用智慧成功地取得了成功。 A. about关于；B. away离开； C. up向上；D. ahead在前面。根据“successfully”可知，功地取得了成功。故选D项。
8． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但贝蒂通过努力工作、魅力四射和运用智慧成功地取得了成功。 A. magic魔力；B. beauty漂亮；C. wisdom智慧；D. tricks诡计。根据上文“by working hard, being charming”可知，成功的因素还包括智慧。故选C项。
9． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这部剧的核心是一个略显老式的童话故事，讲述了一个人如何从一只丑陋的鸭子变成一只美丽的天鹅。A. slightly轻微地；B. rarely稀少地；C. hardly几乎不；D. merely仅仅。根据下文“old-fashioned fairytale of how one goes from being an ugly  ____10____  into being a beautiful swan.”可知，这部剧的核心是一个略显老式的童话故事。故选A项。
10． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这部剧的核心是一个略显老式的童话故事，讲述了一个人如何从一只丑陋的鸭子变成一只美丽的天鹅。A. frog青蛙；B. duck鸭子；C. bird鸟；D. person人。根据下文“being a beautiful swan.”以及常识可知，讲述了一个人如何从一只丑陋的鸭子变成一只美丽的天鹅。故选B项。
11． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管这部剧可以预测，故事也很熟悉，但它在美国仍然取得了巨大成功。 A. Even甚至；B. With和；C. Despite尽管；D. Since自从。根据句意可知，前后是转折关系，表示尽管。故选C项。
12． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它的收视率一直很高，并赢得了两项金球奖。A. constantly一直地；B. roughly大约；C. partly部分地；D. chiefly主要地。根据下文“it has won two Golden Globes awards.”可知，它的收视率一直很高。故选A项。
13． 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：许多人觉得能够与贝蒂这个角色产生共鸣。A. look up to尊重；B. relate to相关，共鸣；C. get along with相处；D. put up with忍受。根据下文“I think you can see a bit of Betty in all of us.”可知，许多人觉得能够与贝蒂这个角色产生共鸣。故选B项。
14． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该节目如此受欢迎的另一个原因是扮演贝蒂的23岁女演员Ferrera的精彩表演。A. absence缺席；B. influence影响；C. appearance外表；D. performance表现。根据下文“the 23-year-old actress America Ferrera who plays Betty.”可知，该节目如此受欢迎的另一个原因是扮演贝蒂的23岁女演员Ferrera的精彩表演。故选D项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二部剧集刚刚在美国上映。A. celebrated庆祝；B. cancelled取消；C. released释放，上映；D. exhibited展出。根据下文“So there will be more adventures to come from the fashionably challenged Betty.”可知，第二部剧集是刚刚上映的。故选C项。

名师押题



第一篇：
A group of college kids channeled their pandemic (大流行病) problems into action. And they never imagined the project would ____66____ a nationwide movement to deal with hunger and food waste. But that’s ____67____ what the Farmlink Project has done since 2020.
Reilly and his friend James were reading news when they learned some farms were forced to ____68____ excess (过量的) produce that they couldn’t sell, especially with restaurants, and hotels closed. “The photos we saw were ____69____. Like, mountains of potatoes in someone’s backyard, or millions of gallons of milk just being left in the ____70____,” Reilly said. The two and a group of friends, worked together over Zoom and e-mail to ____71____ farms coast to coast. “We didn’t really set out to start a nonprofit,” Reilly said. “We just thought there are so many people ____72____. If we can ____73____ one way to help, then that’ll be great.” In California, they found a farmer with 13,000 eggs to ____74____, which was the very first drive. The group rented U-Haul trucks and attempted to do all the food pickup and _____75_____ themselves. “We had a lot of _____76_____ in the beginning,” Reilly said. “We broke axles (轮轴). We loaded in 40,000 pounds of potatoes the wrong way (and) had tory to drag them out using another truck and a rope. But we made it _____77_____.”
_____78_____ spread, and more and more people reached out to _____79_____. Farmlink has worked with more than 100 farms and 300 communities in the US, _____80_____ and giving away enough food to more people in need.
66．A．track B．inspire C．recover D．record
67．A．exactly B．gradually C．finally D．usually
68．A．store B．hide C．destroy D．preserve
69．A．exciting B．satisfying C．shocking D．puzzling
70．A．bottle B．shop C．kitchen D．dirt
71．A．contact B．remind C．call D．run
72．A．changing B．suffering C．helping D．waiting
73．A．give out B．look into C．go over D．work out
74．A．sell B．buy C．donate D．process
75．A．deliveries B．business C．preparations D．cleaning
76．A．surprises B．challenges C．plans D．needs
77．A．fail B．fit C．leave D．work
78．A．Credit B．Word C．Knowledge D．Honour
79．A．pass B．pick C．help D．drive
80．A．rescuing B．checking C．carrying D．Cooking


【答案】
66． B    67．A    68．C    69．C    70．D    71．A    72．B    73．D    74．C    75．A    76．B    77．D    78．B    79．C    80．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一群大学生帮助农民把本该销毁的农产品送到需要的人手中的故事。
67． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们从未想过，这个项目会启发一场应对饥饿和食物浪费的全国性运动。A. track跟踪，追踪；B. inspire启发，鼓励；C. recover恢复；D. record记录。根据下文“and more and more people reached out to 　　14　　　. ”可知，这群大学生的行为启发了一场应对饥饿和食物浪费的全国性运动。故选B。
68． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但这正是农场链接项目自2020年以来所做的。A. exactly确切地；B. gradually逐渐，慢慢地；C. finally终于，最后；D. usually通常。根据“what the Farmlink Project has done since 2020.”并结合上文“追踪一场应对饥饿和食物浪费的全国性运动”可知，此处用exactly对语气进行加强，即正是Farmlink Project做到了追踪一场全国性的应对饥饿和食物浪费的运动。故选A。
69． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：赖利和他的朋友詹姆斯在阅读新闻时，得知一些农场被迫销毁无法出售的多余农产品，尤其是在餐馆和酒店关闭的情况下。A. store储存；B. hide隐藏；C. destroy毁坏；D. preserve保护。根据“excess (过量的) produce that they couldn’t sell, especially with restaurants, and hotels closed.”可知，在餐馆和酒店关闭的情况下，一些农场需要销毁无法销售的多余的农产品。故选C。
70． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们看到的照片是令人震惊的。A. exciting令人兴奋的；B. satisfying令人满意的；C. shocking令人震惊的；D. puzzling令人困惑的。根据下文“Like, mountains of potatoes in someone’s backyard, or millions of gallons of milk just being left in the 　　5　　,””可知，照片上显示的内容是令人震惊的。故选C。
71． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：比如，某人后院里堆积如山的土豆，或者数百万加仑的牛奶被留在泥土里。A. bottle瓶子；B. shop商店；C. kitchen厨房；D. dirt污垢，泥土。结合上文提到销毁无法出售的多余农产品和“mountains of potatoes in someone’s backyard”可知，此处指将多余的牛奶倒在地上，即泥土里。故选D。
72． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人和一群朋友一起通过Zoom和电子邮件联系全国各地的农场。A. contact联系；B. remind提醒，使……想起；C. call叫，打电话；D. run跑，管理。根据下文“In California, they found a farmer with 13,000 eggs to 　　9　　,”可知，他们和一群朋友开始练习全国各地的农场。故选A。
73． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们只是觉得有那么多人在受苦。如果我们能想出一个办法来帮忙，那就太好了。A. changing改变；B. suffering遭受，患病；C. helping帮助；D. waiting等待。根据上文“A group of college kids channeled their pandemic (大流行病) problems into action.”可知，在新冠疫情下，人们遭受着各种痛苦。故选B。
74． 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. give out分发；B. look into调查；C. go over检查，复习；D. work out锻炼，想出，得到。根据“one way to help”可知，此处是指想出解决问题的办法，故选D。
75． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在加利福尼亚州，他们发现了一位农民，他有13000个鸡蛋要捐赠，这是第一次努力。A. sell售卖；B. buy购买；C. donate捐赠；D. process处理。根据上文“excess (过量的) produce that they couldn’t sell”可知，此处是指该农民有13000没有卖出去，可以将它们捐赠。故选C。
76． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织租用了U-Haul卡车，并试图自己完成所有的食品接送工作。A. deliveries递送；B. business生意，事务；C. preparations准备；D. cleaning打扫。呼应空前pickup，此处指将收到的食物递送出去。给选A。
77． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：赖利说：“一开始我们的挑战很大。”A. surprises惊喜；B. challenges挑战；C. plans计划；D. needs需要。根据下文“We broke axles (轮轴). We loaded in 40,000 pounds of potatoes the wrong way”推知，一开始他们面临的挑战很大，运输的农产品很多导致运输车坏掉。故选B。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们成功了。A. fail失败；B. fit适合；C. leave离开，留下；D. work工作，起作用。根据上文“We loaded in 40,000 pounds of potatoes the wrong way (and) had tory to drag them out using another truck and a rope.”和表示转折意义的but可知，虽然经历了一些意想不到的问题，但最后成功运送了这些西红柿。故选D。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：消息传开了，越来越多的人伸出援手。A. Credit信誉，学分；B. Word单词，话，消息；C. Knowledge知识；D. Honour荣誉。结合上文可知，此处是指他们帮助农民处理多余农产品的消息传了出去。故选B。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. pass经过，通过；B. pick摘；C. help帮助；D. drive驾驶。结合上文内容可知，此处指越来越多人伸出援手，去帮助农民处理多余的农产品，以及作者和朋友的运送工作。故选C。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：农场链接”已经与美国100多个农场和300个社区合作，为更多需要帮助的人拯救和分发足够的食物。A. rescuing营救，拯救；B. checking检查；C. carrying携带；D. cooking烹饪。根据上文“some farms were forced to 　　3　　 excess (过量的) produce that they couldn’t sell”可知，此处是指拯救那些本要被销毁的农产品，将它们送给有需要的人。故选A。

第二篇：
Reducing the use of plastic is a balance between what you can afford and what you can get. I’ve ___16___ a lot from a plastic-free lifestyle. It helps me ___17___ my carbon footprint and save money.
I’ve found that living plastic free is a great way to ___18___ mindless online shopping. Nowadays, I ___19___ weigh the possibility of returning an order before I hit the ___20___ button. Do I have something else I could ___21___ to meet this need? Is there a place I can get it ___22___ so I don’t have to deal with all the plastic it’ll arrive in?
Besides, I’ve slowly ___23___ the collection of the things that I want, and that are made to last. Anytime I need to replace a bigger-ticket item, I’m ___24___ to look for a second-hand version of a nicer, ___25___ item, which I can often find for the same price as a new but less durable (耐用的) model.
Of course, there are certain situations where plastic is the most ___26___ choice. I recently reorganized my closet and found that I ___27___ clear plastic containers for my off-season clothing. After a few ___28___ to my favorite neighborhood charity shop, I found a set of Rubbermaid storage containers that ___29___ the bill.
Life without plastic doesn’t take place overnight. Devote yourself to making a few ___30___ in your daily plastic use and see where it takes you.
16．A．heard B．benefited C．received D．suffered
17．A．record B．rebuild C．reduce D．recall
18．A．promote B．consider C．prevent D．experience
19．A．hardly B．disappointedly C．unfortunately D．carefully
20．A．purchase B．print C．repeat D．power
21．A．repurpose B．abandon C．reward D．remember
22．A．abroad B．indoors C．online D．locally
23．A．sold B．offered C．developed D．donated
24．A．eager B．embarrassed C．annoyed D．sad
25．A．smaller-sized B．faster-moving C．better-shaped D．longer-lasting
26．A．strange B．suitable C．dangerous D．difficult
27．A．discovered B．designed C．ruined D．needed
28．A．solutions B．visits C．roads D．exceptions
29．A．fit B．pay C．cut D．sent
30．A．comments B．notes C．changes D．Stops
【答案】
15． B 17．C 18．C 19．D 20．A 21．A 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章作者介绍了自己不用塑料的生活。
16． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从无塑料的生活方式中受益匪浅。A. heard听说；B. benefited受益；C. received收到；D. suffered遭受。根据下文“save money(省钱)”，可知作者从无塑料的生活方式中“获益”，故选B项。
17． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它帮助我减少我的碳足迹并节省资金。A. record记录；B. rebuild重建；C. reduce减少；D. recall召回。根据前文“I’ve benefit a lot from a plastic-free lifestyle. (我从无塑料的生活方式中受益良多。)”可知是“减少”碳足迹，故选C项。
18． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现无塑料生活是阻止盲目网上购物的好方法。A. promote促进；B. consider考虑；C. prevent预防；阻止；D. experience体验。根据“mindless online shopping(盲目网购)”可知是“阻止”盲目网购，故选C项。
19． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如今，我在点击购买按钮之前仔细权衡了退货的可能性。A. hardly几乎不；B. disappointedly失望地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. carefully仔细地。根据“weigh the possibility of returning an order (权衡退货的可能性)”，可知要仔细权衡退货的可能性，故选D项。
20． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，我在点击购买按钮之前仔细权衡了退货的可能性。A. purchase购买；B. print印刷；C. repeat重复；D. power力量。根据前文“I’ve found that living plastic free is a great way to 　　3　　 mindless online shopping.”和下文“Do I have something else”可知是在按下“购买健”之前仔细考虑，故选A项。
21． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有没有别的东西可以用来满足这种需求？A. repurpose改换意图；B. abandon放弃；C. reward奖励；D. remember记住。根据“Do I have something else I could 　　6　　 to meet this need?”可知是用其他东西来满足需求，即“改换它的用途”，故选A项。
22． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有没有一个地方可以在当地买到它，这样我就不必处理它会到达的所有塑料？A. abroad国外；B. indoors室内；C. online在线；D. locally本地。根据“so I don’t have to deal with all the plastic it’ll arrive in (这样我就不用处理它所带来的所有的塑料了)”，可知是网购带来很多包装塑料。“在当地”购买能减少这种塑料，故选D项。
23． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，我慢慢地把我想要的东西收集起来，而且是经久不衰的。A. sold出售；B. offered提供；C. developed开发；养成；D. donated捐赠。根据“the collection of the things that I want(收集了我想要的东西)”可知是“逐渐养成”收集想要的东西的习惯，故选C项。
24． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当我需要更换大件物品时，我渴望去找一辆二手的更好的，更耐用项目，我经常可以找到新的同样的价格，但不太耐用的型号。A. eager急切的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. annoyed恼火的；D. sad伤心的。根据前文“Besides, I’ve slowly 　　8　　 the collection of the things that I want, and that are made to last.”，可知作者已经养成这种习惯，因此需要更换大物件时，她会“渴望”找到一个二手的，故选A项。
25． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当我需要更换大件物品时，我渴望去找一辆二手的更好的，更耐用项目，我经常可以找到新的同样的价格，但不太耐用的型号。A. smaller-sized体积较小的；B. faster-moving移动速度快的；C. better-shaped形状较好的；D. longer-lasting更耐用的。根据前文“Besides, I’ve slowly 　　8　　 the collection of the things that I want, and that are made to last.”，可知作者已经养成这种习惯，因此需要更换大物件时，会找更好看、“更耐用的”二手的，故选D项。
26． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，在某些情况下，塑料容器是最合适的选择。A. strange奇怪的；B. suitable合适的；C. dangerous危险的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“clear plastic containers for my off-season clothing.”和常识可知，有时候塑料容器是“最合适的”选择，因为可以重复利用，故选B项。
27． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最近重新整理了我的衣柜，发现我需要透明塑料容器来装我的淡季服装。A. discovered发现；B. designed设计；C. ruined毁坏；D. needed需要。根据“clear plastic containers for my off-season clothing.”可知，作者“需要”一个塑料储物箱来装过季的衣服，故选D项。
28． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：过了几天参观在我最喜欢的社区慈善商店，我找到了一套橡胶储物盒适合账单。A. solutions解决方案；B. visits参观；到访；C. roads道路；D. exceptions例外情况。根据“my favorite neighborhood charity shop”可知，作者到访自己最喜欢的慈善商店，逛一逛，以找到一个合适的二手储物箱装过季的衣服，故选B项。
29． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了几天参观在我最喜欢的社区慈善商店，我找到了一套橡胶储物盒适合账单。A. fit适合；B. pay支付；C. cut削减；D. sent发送。根据“I found a set of Rubbermaid storage containers that 　　14　　 the bill.”可知，作者找到了“符合要求的”储物箱，fit the bill意为“刚好符合要求”，故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：致力于在日常塑料使用中做出一些改变，看看它会带你去哪里。A. comments注释；B. notes笔记；C. changes变化；改变；D. stops车站。根据前文“Life without plastic doesn’t take place overnight. (没有塑料的生活不会在一夜之间发生。)”可知，没有塑料的生活要慢慢地“改变”，故选C项。






完形填空之高频词汇篇
完形填空之高频动词



完形填空对动词的考查频率最高，可谓“情有独钟”。近五年对完形填空中所涉及到的高频动词列举如下：
1 . “说”
tell sth to sb.告诉的内容; talk with sb. about sth.强调说话者之间的交流
say sth.诉说的内容； speak in English说的语言
whisper sth to sb 耳语 inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 bargain讨价还价
debate辩论 announce 公布 complain抱怨 chat聊天
declare宣布 claim自称 mention 提起 admit 承认 deny 否绝
2. “看” observe为了研究进行的观察; catch sight of看见 notice注意 see看的结果
stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看 glance瞅见 glimpse瞥见
3.“叫” scream尖叫 moan呻吟 sigh叹气 quarrel大吵 cry哭叫 shout大喊
4.“问” express表达 question审问 ask询问 interview采访
5.“答” respond回应 reply回复 answer回答
6 .“听” pick up收听 overhear无意听到 listen听的动作 hear听的结果
7.“写” dictate听写 drop a line 写信 take down/write down写下，记下
8.“拿/放” hold举着 fetch拿来拿去 lift举 lay 铺/放置 pull拉 push推
9.“抓” take hold of 抓着 seize紧抓 grasp 握住 scratch 抠
10.“打” hit一次性的打击 beat不间断的打击 strike突然的击打/突然想到
11.“扔” throw扔 drop掉; 放弃
12.“送” send寄送 deliver递送 see sb off给某人送行
13.“摸/抱” fold折叠 embrace拥抱 hug抱
14.“踢/碰” kick踢 knock敲 tip 轻敲
15.“行” skip 单腿跳 slip溜 crawl 匍匐前进
16.“坐” stand站，耸立/ lean斜靠
17.“睡/休息” take a nap打盹 turn over翻身 rest
18.“笑” burst into laughter burst out laughing smile微笑 laugh大笑
19.“哭” shed tears 留泪 weep呜咽地哭 sob抽泣 burst into tears /burst out crying
20.“找/查” discover/explore 发现 seek for寻找 in search of寻找
examine 考察发现问题/体检 inspect视察
21.“穿” make-up化装 take off 脱 remove 去除 put on穿上（动作） wear穿（状态）
get dressed穿好衣服 get changed换衣服 be in red穿着红色的衣服
22.“吃/喝” sip吮吸 toast 祝酒 help oneself to 随便吃 toast烘烤 taste尝 swallow吞咽
23.“得” obtain acquire获得知识和技能 gain possess
24.“失” die out 灭绝 die away 逐渐消失
25.“有 occupy占有=possess 拥有
26.“无” disappear be gone
27.“增/减” rise / go up /raise 上升 bring down /reduce 减少 increase/decrease上升、减少
28.“买/卖” purchase pay off on sale bargain
cash credit card notes/ coins discounts
29.“存在/消失come into being exist turn up die out pass away be out of sight
30.“变化” develop go+ bad /wrong reform
31.“认识的过程” be familiar with 熟悉 recall 重新想起来
32.“成功/失败” make it failure defeat beat
33.“努力” attempt 尝试
34.祝贺 congratulations on sb celebrate observe 庆祝
35.赞美/批评 think highly of blame sb for sth sb is to blame
criticize /scold sb. for sth. speak ill of
36.喜/恶 be fond of be keen on adore in favor of disgusting讨厌的 ignore 忽视
37.判断 judge 判断 infer 猜测
38.到达 upon one’s arrival on doing sth
39.受伤 injured wound bleed suffer from
40.损坏 damage destroy ruin break down
41.修复 rebuild restore recover oneself
42.支持/反对 turn down vote for/ against
43. 做饭 steam cooker
44. 建议 urge propose demand persuade 说服
45. 花费 at one’s expense cost(某物)花费 spend(人)花费 afford（人）负担得起 pay付钱
46. 省/存钱 set aside put away存钱备用 save, save up存钱，储蓄
47. 参加 participate in take part in参与（某活动） join参加组织 join in参加活动
attend出席，参加会议，课程 compete参加比赛
48.控告 accuse sb. of charge sb. with sth
49. 救治 save /rescue sb from sth. cure sb. of sth
aid sb in doing sth / to do sth assist sb in doing sth
50.敬佩 admire adore envy /be jealousy in honor of
51.逃避 escape from flee
52. 阻止/禁止 forbid doing sth. ban prohibit
53. 对付/处理 handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth settle
54. 效仿 imitate
54. 爆发/发生 come about go off explosion
55.安装/装备 be equipped with装备有
56. 追求 pursuit seek after chase catch up with赶上 keep up with跟上
57. 想/考虑 think over仔细考虑
58. 打算 intend to do sth
59. 似乎/好象 as if as though
60. 开办/关闭 set up close down
完形填空之高频名词



1. 假期 have two days off
2. 旅游 voyage 航行
3. 职务人员 secretary host hostess assistant customer staff crew
conductor tailor sailor inventor guard
4. 餐馆/定餐/就餐 menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table napkin
5. 诊所/看病/服药 clinic physician surgeon specialist
6. 车站/机场 on board
7. 身体部位 waist back shoulder pulse wrist
8. 意志 ambition
9. 才能/品质 potential intelligent promising knowledgeable
10. 优缺点 strength weakness
11. 目标 aim goal intention purpose belief faith
12. 方式 means method manner approach
13. 身体素质 put on weight
14. 图表 draw a sketch 划草图
15. 文章 journal 日志
16. 课堂 lecture scholarship degree
17. 学校活动 hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony
18. 建议/观点 proposal recommendation
19. 气候/天气 climate freezing/warmth
20. 交通 give sb. a lift/ride
21. 习惯 custom regular有规律的（形容词） practice惯例（名词）
22. 感觉 sight hearing touch smell sense
23. 情感 emotion delight sadness sorrow
24. 财富 possessions fortunes be rich/well-off
25. 运动比赛 coach judge jogging weightlifting
26. 衣服 clothes, cloth, clothing　
27. 事件 incident, accident　 incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故

完形填空之高频形容词


1. 人的各种感受
乐 delighted to one’s joy amused
悲 painful bitter
平静 silent/still peaceful
烦 be fed up with
震惊 astonished shocked
怕 in fear be frightened
失望desperate disappointed be depressed
满意be content to do
生气 annoyed disgusting burst into rage

2. 表程度的副词类
extremely 极度地
once in a while occasionally 偶尔地
however/ therefore/so/thus

真题回眸


【典例1 2021年天津高考英语试卷】
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____16____ when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____.
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He ____23____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the ____25____ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500 ____27____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ____28____ to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the ____35____ that he can make on people."
16．A．amazed B．mad C．curious D．frightened
17．A．emotions B．career C．opinions D．route
18．A．ever B．together C．instead D．yet
19．A．ride B．lock C．repair D．replace
20．A．lack B．variety C．increase D．quality
21．A．instruction B．qualification C．transportation D．permission
22．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up D．broke away from
23．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered
24．A．by accident B．in advance C．for free D．on credit
25．A．profit B．budget C．courage D．excuse
26．A．shared B．used C．expensive D．modern
27．A．enquiries B．advertisements C．notices D．announcements
28．A．exported B．sold C．lent D．returned
29．A．hardly B．slightly C．truly D．instantly
30．A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among
31．A．practical B．commercial C．mathematical D．social
32．A．Otherwise B．However C．Somehow D．Meanwhile
33．A．promise B．celebration C．comfort D．experience
34．A．competition B．service C．ceremony D．suggestion
35．A．compromise B．impression C．impact D．progress
【答案】
16．B    17．A    18．C    19．D    20．A    21．C    22．A    23．D    24．C    25．B    26．B    27．A    28．D    29．C    30．B    31．A    32．D    33．D    34．B    35．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his anger”可知发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C. opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。
18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B. together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C. increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。
24．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都是免费的。故选C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have the…to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选B。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B. used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries询问；B. advertisements广告；C. notices通知；D. announcements公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询问详细信息的询问。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还原主。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned返回，返还。结合后文“to their owners”指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。
30．考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了满足物质需求，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without没有；B. Beyond除……之外；超过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在……中间。结合后文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes”可知，不仅满足了物质上的需求，还提供了学习如何修理自行车的机会。故选B。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经历。”A. promise承诺；B. celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact影响；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影响”。故选C。
名校预测



（2023届湖北华中师范大学附中第二次质量检测试题）
I was an angry adolescent in my first years of college. One day I had a serious fight with my father.
I saw him as ____21____ and wanted to break free. We both exploded in shouts and I ____22____ out of the house. My mind raced with angry thoughts about him and I sighed all the way to school.
As I ran across the campus towards the classroom, I suddenly realized that I didn’t have the assignment that was ____23____: a thought card. Professor Simon had explained that every Tuesday we must ____24____ an index card, on which we wrote a thought, a concern, a question or anything that’s on our mind and that he would return the card every Wednesday with his ____25____ or answer on it. He stressed that the card was our ____26____ to class on Tuesdays.
Now, I raced down the hallway, ten minutes late to class. Just outside the door, I took out an index card and wrote on it “I am the son of an idiot!”, as I could only think about the ____27____ I’d just had with my dad. Then I dashed into the room, handed the card to Dr Simon and took my seat. The moment I reached my seat, I ____28____ telling him that about my dad. I didn’t want to ____29____ myself to him.
Wednesday morning I got to the class early and _____30_____ in the back. Dr. Simon began returning our thought cards. On my card was written, “What does the ‘son of an idiot’ do with the rest of his life?” His question got right to the _____31_____ of the issue: Whose problem was it? Whose responsibility was it?
Dr. Simon’s comment kept coming up in my mind over the next few weeks. Slowly, my thinking began to _____32_____. People began to notice that I was taking _____33_____ for my doings and choices. My grades improved. My relationship with my father also improved _____34_____. Now I saw him as concerned and caring, instead of controlling. And it all _____35_____ with a question, an innocent-seeming question.
21．A．controlling B．demanding C．frustrating D．confusing
22．A．stole B．stormed C．marched D．paced
23．A．bound B．proper C．tricky D．due
24．A．take in B．let in C．bring in D．get in
25．A．comment B．grade C．criticism D．standard
26．A．guide B．admission C．entry D．contribution
27．A．conflict B．race C．talk D．deal
28．A．denied B．recalled C．regretted D．delayed
29．A．connect B．expose C．recommend D．introduce
30．A．stood B．froze C．cried D．hid
31．A．cause B．height C．heart D．surface
32．A．shift B．focus C．wander D．form
33．A．credit B．action C．blame D．responsibility
34．A．automatically B．mildly C．dramatically D．swiftly
35．A．helped B．started C．proceeded D．Concluded
【答案】
22. A    22．B    23．D    24．C    25．A    26．B    27．A    28．C    29．B    30．D    31．C    32．A    33．D    34．C    35．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者与父亲发生矛盾后，西蒙老师在布置的作业上的评论让作者在接下来的日子里发生了很大的变化。
21.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到他控制欲很强，想挣脱。A. controlling控制；B. demanding要求；C. frustrating使泪丧；D. confusing使迷惑。根据下文中的“Now I saw him as concerned and caring, instead of controlling.”可知，此处指的是作者把父亲看作是“控制”自己。故选A项。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们俩都大喊大叫，我冲出了房子。A. stole偷窃；B. stormed气呼呼急走，闯；C. marched行军；D. paced踱步。根据下文中的“My mind raced with angry thoughts about him and I sighed all the way to school.”可知，作者与父亲吵架，所以此处指的是“气冲冲”地出了屋子。故选B项
23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我穿过校园跑向教室时，我突然意识到我没有交作业：一张思考卡。A. bound一定的；B. proper恰当的；C. tricky狡猾的；D. due到期的。根据下文中的“Professor Simon had explained that every Tuesday we must  ____4____  an index card”可知，每周二要上交卡片，所此处应是“到期”。故选D项。
24．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：西蒙教授解释说，每周二我们必须带来一张索引卡，在上面写下一个想法、一个担忧、一个问题或任何我们想到的东西，他会在每周三把他的评论或答案还给卡片。A. take in吸收；B. let in让进入；C. bring in带来；D. get in收获。根据下文中的“that he would return the card every Wednesday with his  ____5____  or answer on it.”可知，西蒙教授说周三会把卡片还给学生们，由此可推断，此处指的是要求学生“带来”上交。故选C项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：西蒙教授解释说，每周二我们必须带来一张索引卡，在上面写下一个想法、一个担忧、一个问题或任何我们想到的东西，他会在每周三把他的评论或答案还给卡片。A. comment评论；B. grade等级；C. criticism批判；D. standard标准。根据下文中的“Dr. Simon’s comment kept coming up in my mind over the next few weeks.”可知，此处指的是西蒙教授的“评论”。故选A项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他强调说，这张卡片是我们周二上课的通行证。A. guide引导；B. admission允许进入；C. entry入口；D. contribution贡献。根据上文中的“Professor Simon had explained that every Tuesday we must  ____4____  an index card, on which we wrote a thought, a concern, a question or anything that’s on our mind and that he would return the card every Wednesday with his  ____5____  or answer on it.”可知，西蒙老师要求周二上交卡片，所以，这是周二上课的“通行证”。故选B项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在门外，我拿出一张索引卡，在上面写道：“我是白痴的儿子！因为我只能想到我刚刚和爸爸发生的冲突。A. conflict矛盾；B. race比赛；C. talk交谈；D. deal交易。根据上文中的“We both exploded in shouts and I  ____2____  out of the house.”可知，此处指的是作者与父亲之间的“冲突”。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一坐到座位上，就后悔把爸爸的事告诉了他。A. denied否决；B. recalled回忆；C. regretted后悔；D. delayed推迟。根据下文中的“I didn’t want to  ____9____  myself to him.”可知，作者不想让别人知道这件事情，所以“后悔”将此事告诉别人。故选C项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想在他面前暴露自己。A. connect连接；B. expose接触，暴露；C. recommend推荐；D. introduce介绍。根据上文中的“The moment I reached my seat, I  ____8____  telling him that about my dad.”以及下文中的“Wednesday morning I got to the class early and  ____10____  in the back.”可知，作者后悔把自己的事情“暴露”给其他人，所以才会觉得后悔，在周三的时候自己躲到后面。故选B项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：星期三早上，我早早来到教室，躲在教室后面。A. stood站立；B. froze愣住；C. cried大喊；D. hid藏起来。根据下文中的“in the back”可知，此处指作者“躲藏”到后面。故选D项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的问题直指问题的核心：这是谁的问题？这是谁的责任？A. cause原因；B. height高度；C. heart心脏，核心；D. surface表面。根据下文中的“Whose problem was it? Whose responsibility was it?”并结合语境可知，此处指的是与父亲发生冲突的“核心”问题。故选C项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，我的想法开始转变。A. shift转换；B. focus聚焦；C. wander徘徊；D. form形成。根据下文中的“My grades improved. My relationship with my father also improved ____14____.”可知，此处指的是作者自那以后发生的转变。故选A项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们开始注意到我在为自己的行为和选择负责。A. credit信用；B. action行动；C. blame责备；D. responsibility责任。根据上文中的“Whose responsibility was it?”以及下文中的“my doings and choices.”可知，此处指的是为自己的事情“负责”，take responsibility for sth.意为“为……负责”，符合语境。故选D项。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我和父亲的关系也大大改善了。A. automatically自动地；B. mildly温和地；C. dramatically戏剧性地；D. swiftly迅速地。根据上文中的“My grades improved.”可知，此处描述的是作者发生的变化，dramatically意为“巨大的”符合语境，进一步表明作者的变化很大。故选C项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一切都始于一个问题，一个看似天真的问题。A. helped帮助；B. started开始；C. proceeded继续；D. concluded推断。根据上文中的“His question got right to the ____11____ of the issue: Whose problem was it? Whose responsibility was it?”以及下文中的“an innocent-seeming question.”可知，作者自那以后无论学习还是与父亲的关系都发生了很大变化，所以此处指的是这一切变化都“始于”这个问题。故选B项。

（2023届辽宁省高中第二次模拟考试二模）
If you’re the inspiration for a world-class athlete, you must be doing something right. For ultramarathoner (超级马拉松运动员) Harvey Lewis, that drive to run came from a local man who’s been on the ___21___ for more than six decades.
A longtime runner at 99 years old, Mike Fremont is still ___22___ the pavement five miles at a time, three times a week, offering ___23___ to friends and strangers alike.
Fremont ___24___ running in 1958. He began running to relieve the ___25___ of being a single father of three young children.
In 2013 Fremont finished the Knoxville Half Marathon in 3:03:56 at the age of 91.
“The hills were horrendous (可怕的),” Fremont ___26___, but added that he felt fine throughout the race.
For the past 46 years, Fremont has been running through Sharon Woods, a local county park. He has made dozens of friends at the park throughout the years so many, ___27___, that he decided to cut down the distance of his runs last year.
“I decided when I was 98 that it was taking me too ___28___ to do 10 miles with all the people I see and stop,” Fremont said.
Fremont ___29___ his longevity to healthy lifestyle and ___30___ of stress in his life.
“Training is ___31___,” he said, “but when you get to be my age, you’re not going to be able to train at all ___32___ your body holds up. I ___33___ cannot overemphasize the importance of living a healthy life.”
When he’s not running, it’s competitive canoeing with friends. A ___34___ age of 178 in that one canoe.
“I love my life,” said Fremont. “It’s ___35___.”
21．A．road B．move C．team D．stage
22．A．running B．walking C．pounding D．jogging
23．A．disappointment B．admiration C．excitement D．inspiration
24．A．took up B．took down C．took in D．took out
25．A．feeling B．stress C．emotion D．fear
26．A．recalled B．recognized C．responded D．reminded
27．A．in the end B．as a result C．after all D．in fact
28．A．old B．long C．far D．high
29．A．distributes B．constitutes C．substitutes D．attributes
30．A．lack B．presence C．burden D．existence
31．A．funny B．meaningless C．important D．dangerous
32．A．though B．because C．unless D．where
33．A．roughly B．simply C．truly D．generally
34．A．growing B．shared C．combined D．amazing
35．A．wonderful B．miserable C．comfortable D．Desperate
【答案】21．B    22．C    23．D    24．A    25．B    26．A    27．D    28．B    29．D    30．A    31．C    32．C    33．B    34．C    35．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了超级马拉松运动员Harvey Lewis的灵感来源：99岁的长跑健将Mike Fremont——一个已经跑了60多年的当地人。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于超级马拉松运动员Harvey Lewis (超级马拉松运动员)来说，跑步的动力来自于一个已经进行了60多年的当地人。A. road路；B. move移动；C. team团队；D. stage阶段，舞台。根据后文“In 2013 Fremont finished the Knoxville Half Marathon in 3:03:56 at the age of 91.”可知，Fremont已经跑步跑了60多年。 on the move表示 “在活动中，在进行中”。故选B项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：99岁的Mike Fremont长跑健将，每周跑三次，每次跑5英里，给朋友和陌生人带来灵感。A. running跑步；B. walking走路；C. pounding脚步声沉重地走（跑）；D. jogging慢跑。根据空后的宾语pavement“硬路面”可知和pound搭配，pound the pavement表示“跑步”。故选C项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：99岁的Fremont长跑健将，每周跑三次，每次跑5英里，给朋友和陌生人带来灵感。A. disappointment失望；B. admiration羡慕；C. excitement兴奋；D. inspiration灵感。根据上文“If you’re the inspiration for a world-class athlete, you must be doing something right.”和“For ultramarathoner (超级马拉松运动员) Harvey Lewis, that drive to run came from a local man ”可知，Fremont给别人带来了灵感。故选D项。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：1958年，Fremont开始跑步。作为三个孩子的单身父亲，他开始跑步以缓解压力。A. took up开始从事；B. took down记下；C. took in吸收，理解；D. took out取出。根据后文“He began running”可知，Fremont在1958年开始跑步。故选A项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1958年，Fremont开始跑步。作为三个孩子的单身父亲，他开始跑步以缓解压力。A. feeling感觉；B. stress压力；C. emotion情感；D. fear恐惧。根据前文“relieve”和后文“ being a single father of three young children”可知，他跑步是为了缓解压力。故选B项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“山是可怕的，”Fremont回忆，但补充说，整个比赛他感觉很好。A. recalled回忆；B. recognized认出；C. responded回应；D. reminded提醒，使想起。根据前文“The hills were horrendous ”和后文“he felt fine throughout the race”可知，这是他对比赛的回忆。故选A项。
27．考查短语辨析。句意：多年来，他在公园里交了几十个朋友，事实上，朋友太多了，他去年决定缩短他的跑步距离。A. in the end最终；B. as a result结果；C. after all毕竟；D. in fact事实上。后文“ he decided to cut down the distance of his runs last year”与前文“He has made dozens of friends”意义发生转折，in fact“其实”可以连接反义重复的转折信息。故选D项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当我98岁的时候，我觉得在我看到的所有人面前跑10英里太耗时了，”Fremont说。A. old老的，旧的；B. long长的；C. far远的；D. high高的。根据上文“he decided to cut down the distance of his runs”可知，Fremont认为10英里太长了，想要缩短跑步距离。故选B项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Fremont把他的长寿归功于健康的生活方式和生活中没有压力。A. distributes分布；B. constitutes构成；C. substitutes代替；D. attributes把……归因于。根据后文“his longevity to healthy lifestyle”可知他将长寿归功于健康的生活方式。故选D项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Fremont把他的长寿归功于健康的生活方式和生活中没有压力。A. lack缺乏；B. presence出席，存在；C. burden负担；D. existence存在。根据前文“He began running to relieve the 5　 of being a single father of three young children.”以及“healthy lifestyle and ”可知，他长寿的秘密是健康的生活方式和没有压力的生活。故选A项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“训练很重要，”他说，“但当你到了我这个年纪，除非你的身体能撑得住，否则你根本无法训练。”A.  funny滑稽的；B. meaningless无意义的；C. important重要的；D. dangerous危险的。根据后文“but when you get to be my age, you’re not going to be able to train at all”可知训练非常重要。故选C项。
32．考查连词词义辨析。句意：“训练很重要，”他说，“但当你到了我这个年纪，除非你的身体能撑得住，否则你根本无法训练。”A. though尽管；B. because因为；C. unless除非；D. where在……的地方。根据前文“you’re not going to be able to train at all”可知，后文“your body holds up”是一个必要条件。故选C项。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：健康生活的重要性再怎么强调都不为过。A. roughly粗略地，大约；B. simply只是，的确；C. truly真地；D. generally一般来说。后文“cannot overemphasize the importance of living a healthy life”是一个不可否认的事实，simply can’t…是常用的表达，意为“不能做某事”。故选B项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那只独木舟（上的人）加起来有178岁。A. growing增长的；B. shared分享的，共有的；C. combined联合的，总和的；D. amazing令人吃惊的。根据前文“it’s competitive canoeing with friends”和后文“age of 178 in that one canoe”可知，这些朋友的年龄总和为178。故选C项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意： “太棒了。” A. wonderful绝妙的；B. miserable痛苦的，糟糕的；C.
comfortable舒适的；D. desperate绝望的，拼命的。根据前文“I love my life”可知，Fremont热爱生活，觉得生活很美好。故选A项。


名师押题




第一篇:
The train had been long delayed. Running out of ____21____, Andy put down his book and looked out. He found the____22____at once: it was raining hard.
He lay down and fell asleep but was soon woken up by a woman. She handed him his bag and ____23____ that it had slipped to the floor. He gratefully took it back and opened it,____24____ to see his mother’s scarf and some sandwiches inside.
Andy’s thoughts drifted(飘)to when he was ____25____. His mother had insisted on putting her scarf in. “If it rains, it may get cold.” He remembered feeling____26____and had taken it out. But it was still here.
____27____ Andy realized he was burning with fever. Feeling helpless, he called his mum. “Take a ____28____I have put in medicine, just____29____,” she suggested. Touched by his mother’s_____30_____he took the medicine and soon fell deep asleep in the_____31_____of the scarf.
Andy woke up later feeling much better. Then he noticed the woman,who’d_____32_____him earlier, _____33_____ holding a baby in her arms, both shaking. Their clothes did little against the cold wind.
Without thinking twice, Andy wrapped his mother’s scarf around the baby. To his _____34_____, the child soon fell asleep in the love of not one, but two_____35_____.
21．A．luck B．patience C．time D．energy
22．A．train B．truth C．cause D．notice
23．A．insisted B．explained C．apologized D．admitted
24．A．surprised B．ready C．thankful D．expecting
25．A．checking B．leaving C．planning D．packing
26．A．hurt B．annoyed C．ashamed D．puzzled
27．A．Lately B．Finally C．Suddenly D．Instantly
28．A．look B．pill C．rest D．sandwich
29．A．for safety B．on purpose C．in case D．by accident
30．A．calmness B．confidence C．comfort D．care
31．A．warmth B．memory C．smell D．touch
32．A．helped B．pleased C．disturbed D．greeted
33．A．comfortably B．safely C．gently D．tightly
34．A．relief B．amazement C．mind D．advantage
35．A．arms B．scarfs C．passengers D．mothers
【答案】
21．B    22．C    23．B    24．A    25．D    26．B    27．C    28．B    29．C    30．D    31．A    32．A    33．D    34．A    35．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安迪在火车上感受到母亲的关爱并帮助了别人。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：安迪忍无可忍，放下书往外看。A. luck幸运；B. patience耐心；C. time时间；D. energy精力。根据“The train had been long delayed.”可知，因为火车耽搁了很久，所以安迪失去了耐心，放下书往外看。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他马上就找到了原因：雨下得很大。A. train火车；B. truth事实；C. cause原因；D. notice通知。根据“it was raining hard.”可知，安迪找到火车耽搁了很久的原因。故选C。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把他的包递给他，并解释说它滑到了地上。A. insisted坚持；B. explained解释，说；C. apologized道歉；D. admitted承认。根据“it had slipped to the floor.”可知，这位女士解释了递给安迪包的原因。故选B。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他感激地把它拿了回来，打开一看，惊讶地发现里面是妈妈的围巾和一些三明治。A. surprised惊讶的；B. ready准备好的；C. thankful感激的；D. expecting期望。根据“He remembered feeling____6____and had taken it out. But it was still here.”可知，发现包里面是妈妈的围巾和一些三明治，安迪感到很惊讶。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：安迪的思绪飘到了他收拾行李的时候。A. checking检查；B. leaving离开；C. planning计划；D. packing包装；收拾行李。根据“His mother had insisted on putting her scarf in.”可知，安迪离家前收拾行李。故选D。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他记得当时很生气，就把它拿了出来。A. hurt受伤的；B. annoyed恼怒的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据“and had taken it out.”可知，安迪当时很生气。故选B。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然安迪意识到自己发烧了。 A. Lately最近；B. Finally最后；C. Suddenly突然；D. Instantly立即地。根据“Andy realized he was burning with fever.”可知，安迪突然意识到自己发烧了。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“吃一片我放在药里的药片，以防万一，”她建议道。A. look看；B. pill药片；C. rest休息；D. sandwich三明治。根据“I have put in medicine,”可知，妈妈为安迪准备了感冒的药片。故选B。
29．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：“吃一片我放在药里的药片，以防万一，”她建议道。A. for safety为安全起见；B. on purpose故意；C. in case以防；D. by accident碰巧。根据“Take a ____8____I have put in medicine,”可知，妈妈为安迪准备好药，以防万一。故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被母亲的关怀感动了，吃了药，很快就在围巾的温暖中睡着了。A. calmness平静；B. confidence信心；C. comfort安慰；D. care关心。根据““Take a ____8____I have put in medicine, just____9____,” she suggested.”可知，安迪被母亲的关怀感动了。故选D。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被母亲的关怀感动了，吃了药，很快就在围巾的温暖中睡着了。A. warmth温暖；B. memory记忆；C. smell味道；D. touch触摸。根据“and soon fell deep asleep”可知，安迪在妈妈温暖的围巾中睡着了。故选A。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他注意到那个早些时候帮过他的女人，紧紧地抱着一个婴儿，两个人都在发抖。 A. helped帮助；B. pleased使……高兴；C. disturbed打扰；D. greeted打招呼。根据“She handed him his bag and ____3____ that it had slipped to the floor.”可知，那个女人帮助过安迪。故选A。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他注意到那个早些时候帮过他的女人，紧紧地抱着一个婴儿，两个人都在发抖。A. comfortably舒服地；B. safely安全地；C. gently温柔地；D. tightly紧紧地。根据“holding a baby in her arms, both shaking.”可知，因为寒冷，所以紧紧地抱着。故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他欣慰的是，孩子很快就在不是一个而是两个母亲的爱中睡着了。 A. relief欣慰；B. amazement惊讶；C. mind想法；D. advantage优势。根据“the child soon fell asleep in the love of not one, but two____15____.”可知，孩子在温暖的围巾中睡着了，让安迪很欣慰。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他欣慰的是，孩子很快就在不是一个而是两个母亲的爱中睡着了。A. arms手臂；B. scarfs围巾；C. passengers乘客；D. mothers母亲。根据“Without thinking twice, Andy wrapped his mother’s scarf around the baby.”可知，因为两位母亲的爱，孩子很快睡着了。故选D。

第二篇：
My 14-year-old son, John, and I spotted the coat at the same time at a second-hand clothing store. It had a black velvet (丝绒) collar, delightful tailoring, a Fifth Avenue label and a(an) ____21____ price of merely $28. We looked at each other, saying nothing, but John’s eyes ____22____. Dark, woolen topcoats were popular just then with teenagers, but could cost several hundred dollars now. John put the coat on and ____23____ it. He turned from side to side, ____24____ himself in the mirror with a serious, studied ____25____ that soon changed into a smile. It’s a perfect ____26____.
John wore the coat to school the next day and came home wearing a big smile. “How did the kids like your coat?” I asked. “They love it.” He said, carefully ____27____ it on the chair and smoothing it flat. Over the next few weeks, the ____28____came over John. Quiet, reasoned discussion ____29____ argument. He became more thoughtful and eager to ______30______. “Good dinner, Mum,” he would say every evening. One day when I ______31______ that he start on homework before dinner, John said, “You are right, and I guess I will.”
When I asked one of his teachers ______32______ caused the changes, she said with laughter, “It must be his coat!”
John and I both know we should never ______33______ a person’s clothes for the real person within them. But it is meaningful to ______34______ a standard of excellence for the world to see, to practice a standard of excellence in thought, speech and behavior, and to ______35______ what is on the inside with what is on the outside.
21．A．special B．reasonable C．unbelievable D．cheap
22．A．closed B．shone C．opened D．lowered
23．A．buttoned B．touched C．held D．obtained
24．A．feeling B．looking C．glancing D．eyeing
25．A．gesture B．expression C．attitude D．feeling
26．A．colour B．price C．fit D．fashion
27．A．pressing B．taking C．throwing D．folding
28．A．happiness B．satisfaction C．change D．generosity
29．A．made B．replaced C．took D．transformed
30．A．please B．complain C．admire D．apologize
31．A．insisted B．suggested C．asked D．commanded
32．A．what B．when C．that D．how
33．A．watch B．judge C．mistake D．consider
34．A．do B．wear C．speak D．show
35．A．compare B．fill C．mix D．match
【答案】
21．C    22．B    23．A    24．D    25．B    26．C    27．D    28．C    29．B    30．A    31．B    32．A    33．C    34．B    35．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文介绍作者的儿子因为穿了优雅的外套，言行举止都发生了变化，说明我们的内在要和穿的衣服匹配，年轻人要选择正确的人生方向。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：黑色天鹅绒领口，赏心悦目的剪裁，有第五大道的商标，令人难以置信的价格只有28美元。A. special特别的；B. reasonable合理的；C. unbelievable难以置信的；D. cheap便宜的。根据“price of merely $28”可知，价格低的令人难以置信。故选C。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们面面相觑，什么也没说，但约翰的眼睛却亮了起来。 A. closed关闭；B. shone发光；C. opened打开；D. lowered降低。根据“price of merely $28”可知，现在的28美元的价格是令人难以置信的。根据“but”及下文“Dark, woolen topcoats were popular just then with teenagers.”可知，约翰喜欢这件衣服所以眼睛闪着光。故选B。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰穿上外衣，扣上扣子。A. buttoned扣……的纽扣；B. touched触摸；C. held保持，持有；D. obtained获得。根据“John put the coat on”可知，此处表示穿上外套并且扣上扣子。故选A。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在镜子里转来转去，用一种严肃的、专注的表情打量着自己，不久就变成了微笑。A. feeling感觉；B. looking看；C. glancing瞥一眼；D. eyeing注视。根据“himself in the mirror”可知，他注视着镜子里的自己。故选D。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gesture手势；B. expression表情；C. attitude态度；D. feeling感觉，感情。根据前文“with a serious”及“that soon changed into a smile.”可知，是表情发生了变化。故选B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它非常合适。A. colour颜色；B. price价格；C. fit合适；D. fashion时尚。根据“that soon changed into a smile.”和“perfect”可知，此处表示衣服非常合身。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说着，在椅子上小心地把衣服叠起来，并把它展平。A. pressing挤，压；B. taking拿走；C. throwing投掷，扔；D. folding折叠。根据“on the chair and smoothing it flat.”可知，此处表示把衣服叠好放在椅子上。故选D。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，约翰发生了变化。A. happiness幸福，快乐；B. satisfaction满足；C. change变化；D. generosity慷慨，大方。根据“He became more thoughtful and eager to 　　10　　.”可知，John发生了变化。故选C。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：安静、理性的讨论取代了争论。A. made制作；B. replaced取代，代替；C. took拿走；D. transformed转换，转化。根据下句“He became more thoughtful and eager to (10) .”可知，安静、理性的讨论取代了争论。故选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他变得更体贴，也更想讨好别人。A. please使高兴；B. complain抱怨；C. admire倾佩；D. apologize道歉。根据“"Good dinner, Mum," he would say every evening.“可知，please与and前内容语境相符。故选A。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天当我建议他在晚饭前开始做作业时，约翰说:“你是对的，我想我会做的。”A. insisted坚持；B. suggested建议；C. asked问；D. commanded命令，指挥。根据“that he start on homework before dinner,”可知，此处表示作者提出的建议。故选B。
32．考查宾语从句。句意：当我问他的一位老师是什么导致了这种变化时，她笑着说:“一定是他的外套！”空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，用what引导。故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰和我都知道我们不应该把一个人的衣服和他的内在混为一谈。A. watch观看；B. judge评判；C. mistake误会，误解；D. consider考虑。mistake ...for…把……错当成……，固定搭配。根据“a person’s clothes for the real person within them”可知这里意思是约翰和我都知道我们不应该把一个人的衣服和他的内在混为一谈。故选C。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，为世人树立优秀的标准，在思想、语言和行为上践行优秀的标准，使内外接轨，这也很有意义。A. do做；B. wear穿着；C. speak说话；D. show展示。由上下文语境可知，作者讨论的是穿着问题，故用wear。故选B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. compare比较；B. fill填满，满足；C. mix混合；D. match匹配。match...with...和……匹配……，固定搭配。根据“what is on the inside with what is on the outside.”可知这里意思是使内外匹配，这很有意义。故选D。





考情分析
语法填篇


2020—2022年近三年高考全国卷语法填空考点统计

年份
试卷类型
体裁
话题
考点分布





2020


全国卷I

记叙文

嫦娥四号探测器成功着陆月球
61.动词的时态 62.词性转换 63.定语从句
64.词性转换和名词的数 65.介词 66.非谓语动词 67.动词的时态和主谓一致 68.时态、语态及主谓一致 69.固定搭配 70.代词
全国卷II

说明文

春节时用来装点的物品
61.词性转换 62.时态和主谓一致 63.非谓语动词 64.固定搭配 65.非谓语动词 66.词性转换 67.固定搭配 68.非谓语动词 69.词性转换 70.冠词
全国卷III

记叙文
中国古代画家寻找最伟大的艺术家---“自然母亲”的故事
61.定语从句 62.形容词的比较等级 63.语态和情态动词 64.词性转换 65.连词 66.时态 67.非谓语动词 68.词性转换 69.非谓语动词 70.介词
2021

全国甲卷

记叙文

介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动
61.被动语态 62. 介词 63.动词不定式
64.动名词 65.形容词比较级 66.时态
67.连词 68.冠词 69.名词复数
70.形容词
全国乙卷
说明文
生态旅游必须满足一些规定
61. 形容词 62.名词 63.代词 64.固定句型 65.冠词 66.介词 67.动名词 68.形容词 69. 名词 70. 非谓语动词
新高考全国I卷
夹叙夹议
爬黄山使我想起了披头士的歌曲《漫长而曲折的路》
56.主语从句 57.名词复数 58.副词
形容词比较级 60.词形变化 61. 时态 62.并列连词 63.词形变化 64.代词 65. 冠词
2022
全国甲卷
记叙文
徒步旅行
61.非谓语动词 62.定语从句 63.非谓语动词 64.冠词 65.名词 66.形容词 67.时态 68.形容词最高级 69.介词 70.非谓语动词
全国乙卷
说明文
首个国家茶日
61.介词 62.冠词 63.时态 64.形容词 65.名词 66.非谓语动词 67.连词 68.非谓语动词 69.非谓语动词 70.代词
新高考I卷
说明文
大熊猫国家公园
56. 名词性从句 57.名词复数 58.副词 59.形容词比较级 60.形容词 61.时态 62.连词 63. 形容词 64.代词 65.冠词

【考纲解读】

考试大纲
选材要求
考纲解读
根据大纲要求，语法填空重点考查考生对语法和上下文语境的综合理解能力。要求考生具备语法知识、语篇知识、单词拼写和逻辑思维的能力。
一般选取200词左右的记叙文或说明文，选自国外网站的文章并改编，凸显原汁原味。近几年体现“中国元素”。
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。

高考预测



纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考试题还会：
No.1 文体以记叙文、说明文为主；
No.2 没有提示词填空3—4个，给出提示词6—7个；
No.3 侧重对词汇变形的考查。
作为高考新题型的语法填空试题，近年高考英语该题型主要考查考生的下列能力：
1. 阅读理解语篇能力
2. 句子成分分析能力
3. 句子结构分析
4. 固定搭配
5. 逻辑推理
6. 单词拼写

应试技巧





有词填空：
一、提示词为动词
1. 谓语：考虑时态、语态、主谓一致、动词第三人称单数等
2. 非谓语动词：根据句子成分、固定搭配考虑doing/to do/done。

二、 提示词为名词
1. 名词单复数：大部分是正常变化，但也要注意特殊的复数变形。
2. 名词所有格：考虑是加’s还是s’。
3. 名词变形容词，偶有名词变动词
三、 提示词为形容词或者副词
1. 比较等级：比较级、最高级
2. 词类转换：形容词变为副词、形容词变为名词等
无词填空：
一、考察点为定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句：考虑填which/that/who/whom/whose/where/when/why
2. 非限制性定语从句：考虑填which/who/whom/whose/where/when/why，就是不能考虑填that

二、考察点为冠词
3. 泛指：填a/an，主要看发音问题
4. 特指：填the
5. 固定搭配里面的冠词选择

三、考察点为介词
1. 常见的介词选择：in/on/at/with/without/for/through/across/beyond/against/to/by/of/as等。
2. 固定搭配里面的介词选择

四、 考察点为连词
1. 常见的连词选择：what/while/when/how/though/although/as/before/after/until/till/unless/if/
so......that....../such..........that.........../because/for
2. 四大连词：and/or/but/so
五、 考察点为代词
1. 人称代词主/宾格、形容词性和名词性物主代词、指示代词that/those、反身代词oneself
2. 形式主语和形式宾语it
真题回眸


【典例1 2022高考全国甲卷】
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】61．to journey    62．who    63．held    64．A    65．protection    66．meaningful    67．has walked    68．highest    69．from    70．Planning
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。61．考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
62. 考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the man，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
63. 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。
64. 考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，且friend是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填A。
65. 考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
66. 考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
67. 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
68. 考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
69．考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
70．考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填planning。

【典例2 2022高考全国乙卷】
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___64___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___66___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___67___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___69___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____70_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】
61． by    62．the    63．addressed    64．largest    65．responsibility    66．shared    67．and    68．To strengthen    69．inviting    70．Its
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
62． 考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
63． 考查冠词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。分析句意可知，特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
64． 考查动词的时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句意可知，本句是陈述过去事情，所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。
65． 考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
66． 考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
67． 考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。因为动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
68． 考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。分析句式结构可知,名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语,表主动关系。故填inviting。
70．考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句式结构可知,名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填its。

【典例3 2022新高考全国I卷】
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____65_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】
56．Covering    57．the    58．were    59．to increase    60．is designed    61．and    62．populations    63．eventually    64．as    65．that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
56．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
57．考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
58．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。
60．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
61．考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
62．考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。
63．考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。
64．考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。
65．考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
名校预测




（2023届高三年级四川成都七中第二次模拟考试）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The South China National Botanical Garden was inaugurated (批准) in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong Province, on Monday. Its establishment ____41____ (approve) by the State Council in June, whose aim is ____42____ (strengthen) the conservation and scientific research of tropical and subtropical plants of South China, as well as the development needs of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
With 333 hectares of exhibition and scientific research areas, it is renowned as the world’s largest south subtropical botanical garden ____43____ one of China’s most time-honored institutions for botanical research and conservation. The garden has three research centers, two national-level field stations and three key ____44____(laboratory) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
A national plant conservation center will be established there in three or five years to come ____45____ an effort to effectively protect 95 percent of plant species rarely ____46____ (see) in the world except in South China.
The garden believes in the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature and shows respect to nature, ____47____(lay) emphasis on conservation first. “The garden, in ____48____ construction innovations will be encouraged, will demonstrate the charm of Chinese culture and biodiversity. Meeting international standards, our National Botanical Garden will be built with Chinese characteristics,” the State Council said.
The ____49____(prosper) of the Chinese economy and its stronger research capabilities have____50____ (undoubted) laid the solid foundation for the development of its biodiversity conservation efforts.

【答案】41．was approved    42．to strengthen    43．and    44．laboratories    45．in    46．seen    47．laying    48．whose    49．prosperity    50．Undoubtedly
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章围绕着华南国家植物园揭牌活动，介绍国家植物园的基本情况。
41． 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：今年6月，国务院批准它的建立，其目的是加强华南热带和亚热带植物的保护和科学研究，以及粤港澳大湾区的发展需求。它的建立是被批准，由“in June”可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语“Its establishment”是不可数名词，因此空格处是was approved。故填was approved。
42． 考查不定式。句意：今年6月，国务院批准它的建立，其目的是加强华南热带和亚热带植物的保护和科学研究，以及粤港澳大湾区的发展需求。aim意为“目的”，其后用不定式作表语，故填to strengthen。
43． 考查连词。句意：它拥有333公顷的展览和科研区，是世界上最大的南亚热带植物园，也是中国历史最悠久的植物研究和保护机构之一。“the world’s largest south subtropical botanical garden”和“one of China’s most time-honored institutions”是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。
44．考查名词的复数。句意：园内有3个研究中心，2个国家级野外观测站和3个中国科学院重点实验室。空前有three，空格处用复数，故填laboratories。
45．考查介词。句意：未来三到五年内，将在那里建立国家植物保护中心，以有效保护除中国南方以外世界上罕见的95%的植物物种。in an effort to do是固定短语，意为“努力做某事”，因此空格处是介词in，故填in。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：未来三到五年内，将在那里建立国家植物保护中心，以有效保护除中国南方以外世界上罕见的95%的植物物种。句中谓语是“will be established”，空格处用非谓语动词，species和see之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填seen。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：园林信奉人与自然和谐共生，尊重自然，注重保护第一。句中谓语是believes，空格处用非谓语动词，garden和lay之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填laying。
48．考查定语从句。句意：该花园将鼓励建筑创新，展示中国文化和生物多样性的魅力。空格处引导的是定语从句，garden和construction之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose，故填whose。
49．考查名词。句意：中国经济的繁荣发展和科研能力的增强，无疑为生物多样性保护事业的发展奠定了坚实的基础。空格处用名词作主语，prosper的名词是prosperity，意为“繁荣”，是不可数名词，故填prosperity。

50．考查副词。句意：中国经济的繁荣发展和科研能力的增强，无疑为生物多样性保护事业的发展奠定了坚实的基础。空格处用副词修饰动词laid，undoubted的副词是undoubtedly，意为“无疑，肯定”，故填undoubtedly。
名师押题



第一篇：
Ai Kanxiang is about to finish his first semester at college, ____36____ he is working hard to make his dream come true. As a physical education major, he hopes ____37____ (become) a PE teacher and train China’s future soccer ____38____ (play).
Two years ago, though, his dream was even bigger. Ai wanted to join the men’s ____39____ (nation) soccer team, but the 20-year-old has experienced twists and turns on the soccer field.
____40____ (raise) in a small village in Yunnan, Ai got public attention last year after videos of him playing soccer in a river became popular. Demonstrating creativity, such as the way to do a precise bicycle kick in the water, he became ____41____ online celebrity, with some fans even ____42____ (say) that he was “better than professional players”.
But when Ai ____43____ (final) played with the team, he was beaten. He was barely able to keep up. His skills were not as strong as he ____44____ (imagine), and he had little awareness of teamwork. Ai realized he needed more experience. So he set a new and more practical goal-to apply to university _____45_____ become a PE teacher.


【答案】
36．where    37．to become    38．players    39．national    40．Raised    41．an    42．saying    43．finally    44．had imagined    45．and
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，叙述了一名足球爱好者希望成为一名体育老师，培养中国未来的足球球员。
36．考查定语从句关系词。句意：艾坎翔即将完成大学第一学期的学业，他正在努力实现自己的梦想。通过分析句子结构，college后应为定语从句，修饰先行词college。先行词在从句中作状语表示地点。故填where。
37．考查不定式。句意：作为体育专业的学生，他希望成为一名体育老师，培养中国未来的足球运动员。hope to do sth“希望做某事”。故填to become。
38．考查名词。句意：作为体育专业的学生，他希望成为一名体育老师，培养中国未来的足球运动员。通过句意可知，空格处应填名词player表示“运动员”，player为可数名词，根据句意空格处应使用名词复数形式。故填players。
39．考查形容词。句意：艾本想加入国家男子足球队，但20岁的他在足球场上经历了波折。通过分析句子可知，空格处应使用形容词作定语修饰名词soccer team，national“国家的”，形容词。故填national。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：艾在云南的一个小村庄长大，去年他在河里踢足球的视频走红后，他受到了公众的关注。该句主语为Ai，谓语动词为got，raise应使用非谓语动词形式。通过分析句意可知，Ai与raise构成被动关系。故填Raised。
41．考查冠词。句意：他展示了自己的创造力，比如在水中精准地踢了一个倒钩，因此成为了网红，一些粉丝甚至说他“比职业球员还厉害”。根据句意，成为一名网红。其中online以元音音素开头。故填an。
42．考查宾语补足语。句意：他展示了自己的创造力，比如在水中精准地踢了一个倒钩，因此成为了网红，一些粉丝甚至说他“比职业球员还厉害”。with后为宾语 some fans ，与say构成主动关系。应使用saying 作some fans的宾语补足语。 故填saying。
43．考查副词。句意：但当艾最终与团队比赛时，他被击败了。空格处应使用副词修饰动词played。finally“最终”，副词。故填finally。
44．考查动词时态。句意：他的技术并不像他想象的那么强，他也没有什么团队合作意识。根据句意可知，他的技术并不像他过去想象的那么强，表示过去的过去，应使用过去完成时态。故填had imagined。
45．考查连词。句意：所以他制定了一个新的更实际的目标——申请大学并成为一名体育老师。根据句意，空格处应填连词表示并且，应使用and，句中set和become是并列的两个谓语动词。故填and。

第二篇：
The Jiangsu countryside is home to a lot of small beautiful water towns, many of which ___56___(locate) along the Grand Canal.
One of these towns is Tongli, which is easily___57___(access) to tourists from the nearby city of Suzhou.___58___(build) in the Song Dynasty,the town offers pleasant views and landscapes of traditional China,characterized by picturesque canals crossed by arch bridges and whitewashed houses that overlook the water.
Walking along the narrow alleys(巷), you can admire___59___ interesting number of well-preserved traditional houses, temples and gardens. The atmosphere is ___60___ (exceptional) peaceful compared to most popular sites that are ruined by mass tourism and commercialization.Yes, Tongli is home to a great many souvenir shops and local products, but what amazed me was ___61___ well the town is preserved despite being open to tourism: a good balance___62___ commercial activities and local life.So in spite of its ___63___ (popular), Tongli maintains a quiet feeling. making it an ideal destination for visitors who seek peace and leisure.
I___64___ (take) scores of pictures while I was touring Tongli, which I hope may inspire travelers to add this pretty water town to their trips. My impression of Tongli is so positive that I’ve been meaning ____65____ (go) back with my family for their first visit to China.


【答案】
57. are located    57．accessible    58．Built    59．an    60．exceptionally    61．how    62．between    63．popularity    64．took    65．to go
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于苏州和上海之间的同里镇，介绍了当地的旅游特色和作者对同里镇的感受。
56． 考查固定短语和时态。句意：位于苏州和上海之间的江苏农村有很多美丽的水乡小镇，其中很多都坐落在大运河边上，大运河是连接杭州和北京的一条人工运河，目的是为皇城输送物资。空格处在定语从句中作谓语，结合句意表示“位于”短语为be located，根据前半句时态，从句应用一般现在时，且先行词towns为复数名词，谓语动词为复数形式。故填are located。
57． 考查形容词。句意：同里镇就是其中之一，从附近的苏州来的游客可以很容易地到达这里。根据空格前的is可知，空格处在句中作表语，应用形容词accessible，表示“可到达的”。故填accessible。
58． 考查非谓语动词。句意：建于宋朝的古镇拥有令人愉悦的传统中国景观，其特色是有拱桥横跨的如画般的运河和俯瞰水面的粉刷成白色的房屋。分析句子结构可知谓语为offers，build在句中作状语，与逻辑主语town构成动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Built。
59． 考查冠词。句意：沿着狭窄的小巷，你可以欣赏到许多保存完好的传统房屋、寺庙和花园。a number of为固定搭配，意为“许多”，interesting是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
60． 考查副词。句意：与被大规模旅游和商业化破坏的最受欢迎的景点相比，这里的气氛格外平静。空格处在句中作状语，修饰形容词peaceful应用副词形式。故填exceptionally。
61． 考查表语从句。句意：是的，同里有很多纪念品商店和当地产品，但令我惊讶的是，尽管对旅游业开放，但同里的保存十分完好：商业活动和当地生活之间的良好平衡。由空格前的was可知，空格处引导表语从句，结合句意表示“多么完好，十分完好”应用how well，作状语。故填how。
62． 考查固定短语。句意：是的，同里有很多纪念品商店和当地产品，但令我惊讶的是，尽管对旅游业开放，但同里的保存十分完好：商业活动和当地生活之间的良好平衡。between…and…意为“在……之间”，用于两者之间。故填between。
63． 考查名词。句意：因此，尽管同里很受欢迎，但它保持着一种安静、悠闲的感觉，使它成为寻求宁静和休闲的游客的理想目的地。根据its可知空处应用名词形式，在句中作宾语，popularity意为“受欢迎”是不可数名词，应用单数形式。故填popularity。
64．考查时态。句意：我在同里旅游的时候拍了很多照片，我希望这些照片能激励游客把这个美丽的水乡添加到他们的旅行中。空格处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语while I was touring Tongli可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填took。
65．查非谓语动词。句意：我对同里的印象非常好，我一直想和第一次来中国的家人再来一次。mean to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“打算做某事”。故填to go。






书面表达之提纲类作文
命题分析



【考纲解读】
突出“五育并举，立德树人”的方向。引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，弘扬中华优秀传统文化，增强文化自信。情景设置贴近考生日常学习生活。试题客观反映考生在实际探索中的语言表达能力和创新思维能力，体现出交际素养和思辨素养。
1. 准确适用语法和词汇；
2.使用一定的词汇、句型，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。
3.要求考生写一篇100词左右的英语作文。提示或图表、或图文皆有。
书面表达题目旨在考查考生的英语写作能力，评价其能否运用相关知识和语言知识进行有效的文字表达，完成特定的交际任务。
命题体裁形式灵活多变，体现了新高考的基础性、应用性、创新性和综合性相结合的特点，更加系统地实现了高考评价体系的实施。


【考情分析】
近三年全国卷高考英语书面表达考查情况
卷别 项目
体裁
命题形式
话题
2022
全国甲卷
应用文（投稿）
提纲式
英语征文比赛
全国乙卷
应用文（投稿信）
提纲式
英语学习方式的调查
新高考全国I卷
应用文（咨询信）
提纲式
邀请外教做一次访谈
2021
全国甲卷
应用文（咨询信）
提纲式
介绍中国传统文化
全国乙卷
应用文（发言稿）
提纲式
写一篇发言稿关于网上学习参赛
新高考全国I卷
应用文（短文投稿）
提纲式
庆祝Youth创刊十周年参赛稿
2020
全国卷I
记叙文
提纲式
英语作文比赛
全国卷II
记叙文
提纲式
用英语写一篇采摘活动
高考预测



通过以上分析不难看出，全国卷书面表达有以下几个明显的特点：
1. 写作形式：提供情景，提纲为主，词数100左右； 
2. 写作体裁：以书信为主；邮件、日记、通知、便条、演讲稿、报道等为辅 
3. 写作话题：与学生生活相关，突出话题的场景性。
分析近几年全国卷可知，随着高考英语改革进程的不断深入与发展，英语书面表达的命题形式日趋灵活与开放，考查考生发散思维空间，从不同的，全新的角度分析一个事物或现象。因此，＂提纲式＂与＂半开放＂相结合，以书信为载体的说明文为备考2023年高考卷的主攻方向。
【命题规律】
1. 命题具有较强的控制性和开放性，让考试“有话可说”，发挥应有的水平。
2. 文体与实际运用紧密结合，多数考查学生的综合写作能力，即在一定格式中叙中有议，议中有叙。
3. 越来越注重创造情景，由单纯汉语提示转向图表提示为主、汉语提示为辅。
4. 命题方式有提纲作文、图画作文、图表作文和开放（半开放）作文。
近几年全国卷书面表达中书提纲式文章所涉及到的内容有申请信、邀请信、告知信、建议信、感谢信、求助信、祝贺信、倡议书、电子邮件、投稿 等。

应试技巧






No.1 审题立意
审文体、审人称、审时态、审要求
人称：一般为第一人称或第三人称；
时态：一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。
No.2 列出要点
No.3 遣词造句
1） 开门见山，揭示主题
2）.确定要点，准确表达
3）行文流畅，自然过渡
4）增加亮点，句式多变
5）收尾呼应，画龙点睛
No.4 仔细检查
1）格式、人称是否正确
2）内容要点是否齐全
3）语法点是否出现错误
No.5 规范眷写
写作时我们要注意
1. 认真审题（建议2分钟）
2. 列出提纲（建议2分钟）
3. 成文初稿（建议5分钟）
4. 修改检查（建议2分钟）
5. 眷写（建议12分钟）
申请信与邀请信






开头引人入胜
1. On seeing your notice on the bulletin board, I feel excited and want to apply for the position.
在公告栏看到你们的通知，我很兴奋并想申请这个职位。
2. Learing from...that you’re looking for a ..., I should like to apply for the position.
从......得知你们要招聘......，我要申请这个职位。
3. I’m writing to you in the hope that you’ll be so kind as to participate in /get involved in/engage in the Chinese speech contest to be held next Saturday.
我写信是希望你能参加下周六举行的汉语演讲比赛。
中间精彩纷呈
1. To briefly introduce myself, I’m a graduate student of... university majoring in... and expect graduation this June.
简单自我介绍，我毕业于......专修......预计今年七月毕业。
2. So experienced am I in organizing such kind of activity that I am up to the job.
我在组织这样的活动方面很有经验，所以我能胜任这份工作。
3. Sociable and responsible, I am convinced that I’m perfectly qualified to do the job well.
我善于交际，有责任心，我相信我完全有资格做好这份工作。
4. Not only do I have excellent academic performance in all courses, but I also possess the rich experience of...
我不但学业优秀而且具有丰富的......经验。
5. This is such a golden opportunity to experience traditional Chinese art at first hand that it can’t be missed.
这是亲自体验中国传统艺术的绝佳机会，不容错过。
6. The activity is aimed at promoting traditional Chinese culture as well as improving our ability to appreciate art.
活动旨在弘扬中国传统文化，提高我们欣赏艺术的能力。
结尾锦上添花
1. If given the opportunity to be the volunteer, I’ll spare no effort to do everything I can .
如果您能给我这个机会，我将不胜感激。
2. I would be grateful if you arrange an interview at your earliest convenience.
如果尽早的安排面试我将不胜感激。
3. If you agree with me, I’ll work hard and try to be a...
如果你们同意，我将努力工作做一个......

建议信与求助信





开头引人入胜
1. I’ very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to fit in the new school life.
很高兴收到你的来信，信上询问我关于如何适应新的学校生活。
2. You have asked me for my advice with regard to how to learn Chinese, and I will try to make some suggestions here.
你问我关于如何学习汉语的问题，那么我就在这里给出一些建议。
3. I am having some trouble in...
我学......有一些困难。

中间精彩纷呈
1. I sincerely hope you can offer some advice on how to learn grammar.
我真诚地希望你能就如何学好语法给我建议。
2. First of all, you should listen to the teacher carefully and take notes in class so that you can go over your lessons as soon as you can after class.
首先，你应该认真听老师讲课，上课做好笔记，以便下课后可以及时复习。
3. As is known to all, vocabulary is of great importance. You should spend half an hour in the morning reciting words and reading texts aloud.
众所周知， 词汇是非常重要的。 你应该早上花半个多小时的时间背单词和朗读课文。

结尾锦上添花
1. I hope you can take good consideration of my advice. I would be ready to discuss about this matter with you to further details.
我希望你可以好好考虑我的建议。我准备好和你进一步讨论这件事情。
2. I’ll be grateful if you can give me some suggestions.
如果你给我建议我会很感激的。
感谢信与道歉信






开头引人入胜
1. I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for...
我写信表达我对......的谢意。
2. I’ m terribly sorry I couldn’t reply to your email in time. 失分抱歉我不能及时回复您的邮件。
3. I’m writing to convey my sincere apology for not accompanying you to the gallery at your appointed time.
我写信向你表达我诚挚的歉意，因为我没有在我们约定的时间陪你去画廊。
中间精彩纷呈
1. With the help of sb.在某人的帮助下
2. Without your help, I wouldn’t have done...没有你的帮助，我就不会.....
3. If it had not been for your assistance in... I fear that I would have been ...
如果不是你的帮助，恐怕我就不会......
4. Much to my regret, I was unable to keep my appointment to discuss Chinese paintings with you.
非常遗憾，我不能如约和你讨论中国画。
结尾锦上添花
1. Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you!
再一次向你表达我诚挚的谢意。
2. Thank you again for your generous help and best wishes!
再次感谢你慷慨的帮助并祝你万事如意！
3. I sincerely hope you can accept my apology.
我衷心地希望你能接受我的道歉。
4. Please forgive me and I assure you that such a matter will never happen again.
请原谅我，我向你保证这样的事不会再次发生。

祝贺信与投诉信






开头引人入胜
1. I have learned with delight that you won first prize in the English Speech Contest and I’m writing to express my deepest congratulations to you.
我很高兴得知你在英语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。我写信是向你传达最诚挚的祝贺。
2. I’m ...who bought...from your website several days ago. I am writing to express my disappointment about...
我是几天前从你们网站上购买了......的......。我写信表达我对......的失望。
3. I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about...I have received.
我很抱歉打扰你，但我恐怕要对我收到的......投诉。
中间精彩纷呈
1. I understand for sure that it is... that leads you to the current success...is a reward, which you richly deserve.
我很清楚是......使你获得现在的成功。......是你理应获得的奖赏。
2. As your close friend, I just want you to know how lucky I am to be able to share your pride and how pleased I am at your success.
作为你的密友，我只想让你知道能分享你的骄傲我有多幸运，能分享你的成功我有多喜悦。
3. The reason for my dissatisfaction is that....For one thing,... For another...
我不满意的原因是......。一方面，......；另一方面，......。
4. Thus, I would like you to exchange a new one for me or I claim a refund. I’ll appreciate it if my demand is met.
因此，我想要你给我换个新的或退款。如果我的要求得到满足，我将感激不尽。
结尾锦上添花
1. Sincere congratulations to you again! I wish you greater success in the years ahead.
再次向你表达真诚的祝贺。我祝愿你在未来的岁月中取得更大的成功。
2. Judging from your current success, I am confident that you will...in the future.
从你当前的成功看，我相信你将来会......。
3. I would be much delighted if you could consider my complaint seriously. I do hope you can give me a satisfactory reply as soon as possible. Thank you for your consideration.
如果你能认真考虑我的投诉，我会非常高兴。我确实希望你可以尽快给我一个满意的答复。感谢你的体谅。


真题回眸


【典例1 2022年新高考I卷】
假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：
1. 节目介绍；
2. 访谈的时间和话题。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Caroline,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Caroline,
This is my first time that I have invited you to attend our program —Talk and Talk. It is ten years since Talk and Talk was established. This is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students. Now, when having trouble in learning English well, plenty of students urge to know how to deal with it. As our distinguished foreign language teacher, your aid can help us a lot. If you are available on this Sunday, I together with the whole Talk and Talk staff am waiting for your coming.
I’d appreciate it if you take my invitation into consideration.
Yours,
Li Hua
【典例2 2022年全国甲卷】
你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。
内容包括：
1. 海洋的重要性；
2. 保护海洋的倡议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious. World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
Ocean plays a key role in our world. Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. Thus, it is imperative to protect ocean. First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions. For example, garbage can’t be thrown into ocean. What’s more, we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is.
All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean. To protect ocean is to protect ourselves.

【典例3 2022年浙江卷6月】
假定你是李华，你校图书馆新开设“小组学习室”，请你给你的留学生同学Michael写一封信，邀请他一同体验，内容包括：
1.位置与开放时间； 2.室内设施和功能。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear Michael,
Good news ! Recently, a newly-furnished section, consisting of eight Group Learning Rooms, has been open to us students in our school library.
Located on the third floor beside the online reading rooms, it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the weekdays. Those rooms are equipped with modern electronic facilities, all of which are linked to the Internet. It’s really convenient for us to do some group projects. Why not ask our group members to go and experience it?
Early reply and we can reserve one room for our project.
Yours,
Li Hua

【典例4 2022年北京卷】
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．建议交流的具体内容及其原因；
2．交流时间和其他相关事项。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
How’s everything?
I’m writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing. Our classmates seem to be weak in organization. Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically, how to develop a paragraph, and how to structure an essay?
The talk will last about an hour, and you can decide on a date at your convenience. Please let me know which platform you’ll use. It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your talk.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua



名校预测



（2023届高三年级广东联考模拟预测）
假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举办以校园生活为主题的绘画比赛，请给你校交换生Chris写封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1.活动意义;
2.参赛要求。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


【答案】
Dear Chris,
How are you getting along? I am writing to invite you to participate in the on-coming painting contest in our school.
The contest, with the theme of “Life on Campus”, is aimed at enriching us students’ after-class activities and arousing our affection for our school. You are always interested in painting, so I consider it a good opportunity for you to show your talent. Remember to submit your painting to Students’ Union before November 10.
Looking forward to seeing your wonderful work.
Yours,
Li Hua
名师押题




第一篇：
假定你是学生李华，你的英国朋友Tom在汉语水平考试（简称HSK）中成绩不理想，写信求助。请根据以下要点回信：
1. 表示安慰；
2. 提出建议；
3. 给予鼓励。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua


【答案】
Dear Tom,
I am terribly sorry to hear that you failed to pass HSK. Hopefully, the unexpected failure won’t let you down, for I have still been amazed by the excellent Chinese you spoke when we first met.
As we all know, language learning is never an easy task but needs constant efforts and patience. In my opinion, it’s a great way to pay close attention to the formal use of Chinese words and expressions by reading newspapers and magazines, which really counts. Meanwhile, using some Chinese-learning mobile apps to study as much as possible benefits you well. More importantly, you should learn from the mistakes that you have made before. If so, I’m sure you’ll make rapid progress and pass HSK soon.
Wish you good luck!
Yours, Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给因在汉语水平考试中成绩不理想而写信求助的英国朋友Tom写回信表示安慰，给出学习汉语的建议，并给予鼓励。
【详解】1.词汇积累
遗憾的：sorry → regretful
依我看来：in my opinion → from my point of view
取得迅速的进步：make rapid progress → progress quickly
运用：use → utilize
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Meanwhile, using some Chinese-learning mobile apps to study as much as possible benefits you well.
拓展句：Meanwhile, if you use some Chinese-learning mobile apps to study as much as possible, it will benefit you well.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In my opinion, it’s a great way to pay close attention to the formal use of Chinese words and expressions by reading newspapers and magazines, which really counts（运用了it作形式主语，动词不定式做真正的主语，动名词作介词的宾语，which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】More importantly, you should learn from the mistakes that you have made before.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句）


第二篇：
假定你是李华，酷爱自行车旅行。你校交换生Terry打算周末进行环湖自行车旅行，向你征求意见。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.你的建议；
2.你的祝愿。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Terry,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua


【答案】
Dear Terry,
Learning that you plan to take a cycling trip around the lake this weekend, I am writing to share some practical advice with you.
In the first place, choose a route with little or no traffic, which will reduce travel pressure, making cycling trip an easy job. Besides, it is wise of you to wear suitable cycling clothes and bicycle helmet. Last but not least, there is no doubt that it’s a good idea to prepare enough food and water, which will meet the supply of nutrients during cycling.
I wish you will have a pleasant journey!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于你校交换生Terry打算周末进行环湖自行车旅行，向你征求意见这一情况，给他写一封邮件提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
实用的：practical→pragmatic
建议：advice → suggestion
此外：Besides→ What’s more
足够的：enough→adequate
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Learning that you plan to take a cycling trip around the lake this weekend, I am writing to share some practical advice with you.
拓展句：Because I learn that you plan to take a cycling trip around the lake this weekend, I am writing to share some practical advice with you.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Last but not least, there is no doubt that it’s a good idea to prepare enough food and water, which will meet the supply of nutrients during cycling.（运用了that引导同位语从句，不定式短语作主语，which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, it is wise of you to wear suitable cycling clothes and bicycle helmet.（运用了it作形式主语，动词不定式to do作真正的宾语。）