英语（二）-2023年高考考前20天终极冲刺攻略（新高考专用）

这是一份英语（二）-2023年高考考前20天终极冲刺攻略（新高考专用），共117页。试卷主要包含了读懂七个选项的主要内容，分析前后句的关系与内容，借助代入排除法等内容，欢迎下载使用。



景 [目 录 contents

七选五篇………………………………………………………01

完形填空篇之记叙文…………………………………………16

完形填空篇之议论文…………………………………………36

完形填空篇之夹叙夹议文……………………………………47

完形填空篇之说明文…………………………………………63

语法填空篇……………………………………………………75

完形填空之高频词汇篇…………………………………………100
5月20日 今日心情：
七选五篇


阅读七选五题型实质上就是句子复位题，解答此类题型最快捷实用的解题步骤是先定性，再定位。先定性，即先初读文章，根据空处的位置及文意初步判定空处的句子是主题句、结论句还是过渡句或细节句；再定位，即再精读文章，根据上下文语意关系和逻辑关系确定选哪一个选项。
考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选择正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。
考查考生的逻辑思维能力，也就是对上下文之间、层次之间逻辑关系的判断能力。
主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑的理解和掌握。选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）、注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。

近三年全国卷高考七选五实况分析
考试
年份
试卷
名称
考查体裁
主题语境
文章话题
篇章词数
命题考点
设空位置
主旨句
过渡句
细节句
段首
段中
段尾
2022
全国
甲卷
说明文
人与社会
外出用餐礼仪
230＋94
0
2
3
1
3
1
全国
乙卷
说明文
人与社会
维持远距离友谊的方法
222＋83
1
2
2
3
1
1
2021
全国
甲卷
说明文
人与自然
如何进行旧衣物交换
246＋42
1
1
3
1
4
0
全国
乙卷
说明文
人与社会
在宴会上如何让自己变得有趣
238＋75
1
1
3
2
2
1
2020
全国
Ⅰ卷
说明文
人与自我
接纳自我的四条建议
240＋34
1
2
2
1
3
1
全国
Ⅱ卷
说明文
人与社会
表情符号在工作中的作用
204＋64
1
1
3
1
4
0
全国
Ⅲ卷
说明文
人与社会
乔迁聚会
248＋79
2
1
2
2
2
1


观察分析近三年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考试题中的七选五试题还会：
体裁以说明文和议论文为主（300词左右），适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等。
[选材特征]
1.说明文依然占主流，偶有涉及记叙文。文章题材丰富、广泛，多在“人与自我”和“人与社会”两个主题语境下选择语篇话题，越来越多地涉及一些考生不太熟悉的或与日常生活有一定距离的话题。旨在考查考生在不太熟悉的语境中，综合运用所学语言知识、文化知识和学习策略理解不同类型语篇基本结构的能力。
2.语篇文本结构灵活多样，更注重语篇中语意逻辑关系的考查。语篇文本结构由原来的以“总分”或“总分总”结构为主体向以递进式结构为主体转变，语篇逻辑关系相对复杂。

[选项设置]
    七选五选项的设置兼顾语篇、段落和句间三个方面，选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和细节支撑性句子(上下文逻辑)三类。干扰项往往也从这三方面进行设置，如主旨概括句过于宽泛、以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，细节支撑性句子与上文脱节等，这就对考生提出了更高的要求。考生如果没有厘清文章结构或没有抓住故事线索，就很容易连续出错。








高考英语七选五技巧：

1、先读懂开头第一句，明白全文中心思想
全文的主旨句一般是放在第一句，读懂第一句，基本就能弄清楚这篇文章在讲什么，也就方便后续做题。
2、读懂七个选项的主要内容
开始做题之前，先要弄懂文章给出的七个句子，明白每一句的主要内容是什么，否则就不好联系上下文进行选择。这要考验学生的词汇量和翻译能力，需要正确翻译七句话的意思。
3、分析前后句的关系与内容
先翻译出前后句的中文内容，然后开始分析，看前句和后句是什么关系，然后根据两个句子的意思，再结合文章的中心思想，就能够选择出正确的答案。
4、借助代入排除法
如果遇到拿不准的题，可以暂时放过，不要受到过多干扰，继续做下面的题，一直读完整篇文章。同时也要分析对比相近选项，由于有个别干扰项对正确答案造成较大干扰。这就需要学生耐心分析，认真鉴别，做出正确的判断。

七选五容易设置选项处：
主题句、总结句、承上启下句
1. 如果空在小标题，一般是简洁精炼的短句；
小标题与选项段中是否有出现与选项一致的同义词、近义词等，或指示代词，这类多次重复出现的高频词语可以帮助选出正确答案；
2. 如果小标题下具体内容挖空，则位置不定，首中尾都有可能，并可能出现单个小标题段落中包含多个选项的情况，不仅需要学生联系上下文，也需要学生具备一定的句子分析能力；
3. 句子的逻辑关系，需要找连接词； 也需要注意固定搭配，比如：“some……while others……”、“on one hand……on the other hand……”、for one thing,....... for another thing,.........等，这类搭配很多，需要在学习中多积累。



【典例 1 2023·浙江卷一月】
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it's comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.      36      But no matter when you travel, it's a good idea to make your reservations  at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details,make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.   37    Then you won't have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you're riding on trains, you won't be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38  In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.   39   Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure    times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40   Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world   unfold outside the window.To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour) by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile (the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you're going 67.92 mph.
A. Train trips aren't for impatient types.
B.  You'll have views from both sides of the train.
C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D.  That's particularly true during busy summer months.
E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner.
答案与解析
31. D 空前提到“他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他在哪里买礼物”，D项“结果，每年他们都会收到他们想要的礼物”与前文为因果关系，符合语境，故选D。
32. B 根据本段主旨句 It has a purpose. 可知，本段与写作目的有关，再根据空前列举的不同写作目的可知，不管出于什么写作目的，但总是有目的的，故B项符合语境。
33. E 空前提到“当孩子们为真实的读者和出于真实的目的写作时，他们就会选择相应的话语”，空后提到“你写‘亲爱的圣诞老人’是因为你本人不认识他，你想向他表示尊重”，由此可以推断，E选项 You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. 与空后一句共同作为前一句的例证，符合语境。
34. F 根据空后“短信、在线消息、玩游戏时的实时聊天，都意味着他们在不断使用书面信息交流”可知，现在年轻人写的东西比以前更多了，选项F中的 young people 与空后的 they 相呼应，其中的 writing 也与空后的written messages 呼应，符合语境。
35. G 根据空前 There is nothing wrong with … the job done. 可知，非正式的写作方式没有问题，再根据空后“这是一种不会得到学校考官奖励的写作方式，也不会得到未来雇主或潜在客户的奖励”可知，本空应该与上文为转折关系，从而连接下文，故G项符合语境。
【典例 2 2022·全国乙卷】
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
· Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 .
· More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
· Practise empathy (共情)
38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
· Don’t rely on technology alone
40 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.

A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
答案与解析
36. D 由本段主题句 Set a regular date 可知这段和时间有关，再根据空前的With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 可知，在繁忙的日程中，挤出时间打电话可能是一个挑战。只有 D 项符合语境，即试着找一个双方都合适的时间，并坚持下去。
37. E 空前提到“确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效”，再根据空后介绍的具体的交流方式可推出本空讲的是“朋友需要讨论各自喜欢的交流方式”，E 项符合语境。
38. G 根据空后对一段友谊中留下的人和离开的人的描述可知，你可能是离开的那个人，也可能是留下的那个人。remaining，moved 与 G 项中的 left和 left behind 相呼应，符合语境。
39. A 本 空 是 对 段 落 主 旨 的 考 查 。 根 据 本 段 的 Anniversaries andbirthdays ...，special days 以及 keeps track of friends’ birthdays and otherimportant dates 等关键信息，可知本段讲的是要记住重要的日子，A 项符合语境。
40. F 根据本段主题句 Don’t rely on technology alone 可知，不要只依赖科技来进行交流，再根据空后的转折“远距离的友谊可能需要更多有意识的努力来维持”可知，本空应该与依赖科技进行交流相关；F 项中的 social media与 technology 相呼应，符合语境，即通过社交媒体很容易产生一种联系感
【典例 3 2022·新高考全国I卷】
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.

A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
答案与解析
36. C 本段空白前提到感谢健身搭档的五个理由，其中一个是“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去”，由 while another read 可知，空白处的内容应该是另一个理由，C 选项“如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力”符合题意。
37. D 上一段和本段开头提到关于如何找到健身搭档，首先要决定你想从那个人那里得到什么，根据后一句 Or do you just want to be physically fit …?可知 D 选项 Do you want to be a better athlete …? 和它是并列关系，符合题意。
38. B 空白后 … that person must belong to the same gym 讲的是如果你打算在健身房锻炼，你和健身搭档一定得在同一个健身房，由此可推测出，空白处的内容应该和距离健身搭档远近有关，B 选项“健身搭档通常需要住在附近” 符合语境。
39. G 本段开头提到我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上，接下来又对布告的内容做了具体的介绍。作者以自己搭档发布的布告为例，目的是介绍发布告的注意事项，故 G 选项“任何健身搭档的通知都应包括这些信息”符合题意。
40. F 空白前作者提到你和你的搭档可能有不同的技能，空白后提到随着时间的推移，你和你的搭档都会受益，可以推断，F 选项“接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作”承上启下，符合语境。
【典例 4 2022·浙江高考卷】
I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints (提示) on where to buy their presents. ___31___
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something; other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ___32___ And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ___33___ You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
___34___ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. ___35___ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful — or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
答案与解析
31. D 空前提到“他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他在哪里买礼物”，D项“结果，每年他们都会收到他们想要的礼物”与前文为因果关系，符合语境，故选D。
32. B 根据本段主旨句 It has a purpose. 可知，本段与写作目的有关，再根据空前列举的不同写作目的可知，不管出于什么写作目的，但总是有目的的，故B项符合语境。
33. E 空前提到“当孩子们为真实的读者和出于真实的目的写作时，他们就会选择相应的话语”，空后提到“你写‘亲爱的圣诞老人’是因为你本人不认识他，你想向他表示尊重”，由此可以推断，E选项 You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. 与空后一句共同作为前一句的例证，符合语境。
34. F 根据空后“短信、在线消息、玩游戏时的实时聊天，都意味着他们在不断使用书面信息交流”可知，现在年轻人写的东西比以前更多了，选项F中的 young people 与空后的 they 相呼应，其中的 writing 也与空后的written messages 呼应，符合语境。
35. G 根据空前 There is nothing wrong with … the job done. 可知，非正式的写作方式没有问题，再根据空后“这是一种不会得到学校考官奖励的写作方式，也不会得到未来雇主或潜在客户的奖励”可知，本空应该与上文为转折关系，从而连接下文，故G项符合语境。


（2022届高三年级南京市、盐城市第二次模拟考试）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When Failure Is a Good Thing
Failure is an important process you can learn from. 36
Most people view failure as something that should be avoided at all costs. 37 It may have been an “F” we received on a paper or the high expectations our parents placed upon our shoulders that stopped us from trying.
Award-winning psychologist and author, Ron Friedman, tells the story of how Sara Blakely, founder of Spanx, revolutionized the women's clothing industry and became a billionaire in his book, The Best Place To Work: The Art and Science of Creating an Extraordinary Workplace.
38 She had zero experience in the clothing industry, lacked an education in business and raised only $5,000 to invest. When asked where she found the courage, she gave all credit to her dad. While most parents ask their kids, “How was your day?" when sitting down for dinner, Sara's parents asked her and her brother, “What did you fail at today?” each and every night.
When interviewed by CNN's Anderson Cooper, Sara said, “Instead of failure being the outcome, failure became not trying. It forced me at a young age to want to push myself so much further out of my comfort zone.” 39 It became more about learning and less about a personal weakness.
If we view failure as weakness, we avoid stepping out of our comfort zone. 40 It does not define us, but instead matures us. I 'm sure that there are many risks we would all take in our personal, professional and spiritual lives if we could get past a fear of failure.
What has been the greatest lesson you have learned when taking a chance? Please share with us.
A. And, most importantly, it means you tried.
B. Let's take a look at how Sara faced failures.
C. In reality, Sara's father had re-defined failure.
D. Early on, Sara overcame a series of difficulties.
E. Instead, we must remind ourselves that failure is an action.
F. It is important to reflect on what can be learnt from failure.
G. We tend to connect failure with a bad experience we had as a child.


【答案】36. A 37. G 38. D 39. C 40. E
【解析】
文章讲述了Spanx的创始人Sara Blakely的故事来告诉我们该如何对待失败。Sara Blakely的父亲重新定义了失败，他让孩子明白，失败并不是最终结果，而只是缺乏尝试。失败没有定义我们，而是让我们成长，让我们脱离舒适区并变成一个更优秀的人。失败是一件好事，文章难度中等。
第36题 A 前一句说，失败是一个重要的过程，你可以从这个过程中学到很多。选项A，更重要的是，它意味着你尝试了。本题可能错选F，但是注意，F选项的意思和A选项重复了，F选项说从失败中反思很重要；此外，A项更切合主题，失败并非结果，而是一种行为，不愿再尝试才是失败，失败让我们成长。故选A。
第37题 G 前一句说，人们认为失败是生活中无论如何都要避免的东西；后几句讲述的是我们小时候的一些失败。所以这里在讲人们对失败的看法，选项G，我们小的时候通常认为失败是一种不好的经历，进而引出下文小时候的一些失败，故选G。
第38题 D 本题纠结的点可能是B选项和D选项。我们看后文，后文说Sara在服装业没有经验，没有商业的学习经历，也没有钱投资，她只有她父亲的教诲，“你今天失败的做了什么”，所以这一段并没有讲Sara是如何面对困难的，而是在讲Sara经历的困难，故选D不选B。
第39题 C 空前说，失败并非结果，而是一种不愿尝试的想法，讲的是失败的定义；空后说，失败更多是关于吸取教训，而非个人弱点，讲的也是失败的定义。此外，这种失败的定义让Sara脱离了自己的舒适圈，所以这里在说Sara父亲重新定义的失败对Sara的影响，选项C符合文意，选C。
第40题 E 前文说，如果认为失败是一种个人弱点，我们就不会脱离自己的舒适圈，讲的是反面；后文说，我们不由失败定义，而从失败中受到启发进而成长，讲的是正面，所以设空处应包含转折。选项E，相反，我们必须提醒自己，失败只是一种行为，他不定义我们，他使我们成长，故选E。



第一篇：
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you just moved, you might be wondering who lives in your neighbourhood. It's always a nice surprise to learn that there are families similar to your family close by. __36__ Here are some tips on how to make a good first and lasting impression.
Do a Drop and Hi. Within the first few weeks of getting settled, consider dropping a small baked good or local treat with a card that includes your phone number and name. __37__ Host Something. Once you are on a first­name basis with a few of your neighbours, consider hosting a small meet and greet event. Do something outside like a BBQ to keep things simple and relaxed.
__38__ It's always such a nice gesture if you help your neighbour with bringing in their garbage can or ask if you can help carry groceries, etc. Ask if you can help or suggest they borrow one of your tools. Being considerate goes a long way.
Exchange Numbers. It's important to exchange numbers, especially if you or your neighbour may be travelling. __39__ Good neighbours become friends and always watch out for each other. __40__
A. Help When You Can.
B. Hold a Positive Attitude.
C. It's no good having a face­to­face talk.
D. You can then tell them if you see anything wrong happening.
E. A “looking forward to meeting you” type note is always nice.
F. But how do you make sure you're the kind of neighbour people want to spend time with?
G. With these tips, you'll find yourself with a good community of close friends in no time.


【答案】36～40　FEADG
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。假设你刚搬入一个新的小区，想对周围邻居有更多的了解。作者在文中提出了一些在这种情况下如何建立好印象的建议。
36. F　解析：空格位于段中。空前说明了情况，空后说有一些建议，中间缺少一个支承上启下作用的句子。选项中F是一个问句，且其中的“make sure you're the kind of neighbour people want to spend time with”与空格后一句中的“make a good first and lasting impression”呼应。故选F。
37. E　解析：空格位于段尾，属于细节句。上一句句意：在安顿好的前几周内，考虑送邻居一块烘培点心或者特产，附上有你电话和名字信息的卡片。选项E中的“A ‘looking forward to meeting you’ type note”与前一句中的“card”呼应。故选E。
38. A　解析：空格位于段首，属于主旨句。本段落中多次出现“help”，帮邻居丢垃圾，帮邻居拎东西，借给邻居东西。选项A中的“Help When You Can.”与其呼应。故选A。
39. D　解析：空格位于段尾，属于细节句。空格前一句句意：交换电话号码很重要，特别是在你或者你邻居旅行的时候。选项D中的“You can then tell them if you see anything wrong happening.”与上一句所设场景符合。故选D。
40. G　解析：空格位于段尾，也位于篇章结尾，是总结概括的句子。选项G中的“With these tips”与第一段尾句中的“Here are some tips”在篇章结构上前后呼应，并且是经典的总结概括的句型。故选G。

第二篇：
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Both IQ and EQ are considered important to our career success. 36 Enter adaptability quotient(AQ), a subjective set of qualities loosely defined as the ability to improve in an environment of fast and frequent change.
Every profession will require adaptability and flexibility. Say you are an accountant. Your IQ gets you through the examinations. Your EQ helps your connect with an interviewer, land a job, and develop relationships with clients and colleagues. 37 All three quotients are somewhat complementary(互补的), since they all help you solve problems and therefore adapt. An ideal candidate possesses all three, but not everyone does. 38 While there is no definite method of measuring adaptability like an IQ test, companies are changing their recruitment (招聘) processes to help identify people who may be high in it.
Natalie Fratto suggests three ways AQ might show in potential candidates: if they can picture possible versions of the future by asking what if questions; if they can unlearn information to challenge conventional wisdom; and if they enjoy exploration or seeking out new experiences.
39 First, limit distractions and learn to focus so that you can determine what adaptations to make. Second, ask uncomfortable questions to develop courage and normalize fear. Third, be curious about things that fascinate you by having more conversations rather than Googling the ready answer.
Over the next three years, 120 million people may need to be reskilled because of automation, according to a 2019 IBM study. We may not all be comfortable with the pace of change-but we can prepare. 40
A. AQ is now increasingly being sought at the hiring level.
B. One good thing about AQ is that experts say you can work to develop it.
C. The ability to learn, change, grow, experiment will be the key.
D. This is because an algorithm(算法）can do these tasks faster and more accurately than a human.
E. But today, as technology redefines how we work, the skills we need to improve in the job market are developing too.
F. Having IQ but no EQ would leave you struggling to embrace new ways of working using your existing skills.
G. Then, when systems change or aspects of work are automated, you will need AQ to accommodate this innovation and adapt to new ways of performing your role.


【答案】36-40 EGABC
【解析】
这篇七选五是一篇说明性论述文，引进了新概念逆境商数AQ，从现象、原因和做法等方面对AQ进行分析，呼吁大家提高适应环境的能力。文章理解容易，难度不大。
第36题 E 空白处前后句形成一定的对比，前面为大家熟知的IQ和EQ，后面引出新的AQ，E项but today符合语境，E项developing too即对应着在前文的基础上更进一步，improve原词重现。
第37题 G 该空白处应重点关注前文，前文分别介绍了IQ和EQ在工作中的作用，所以空白处应该是AQ在工作中的作用，故G项符合语境，当系统发生变化或工作的各个方面实现自动化时，你将需要AQ来适应这种情况，并适应执行你的角色的新方式。
第38题 A 该空白处要结合上下文，前文写这三商人人不能全部都有，后面写公司改变招募方式来确定谁是高适应性的人，说明AQ现在可能更加重要，故选A，且A项hiring对应recruitment。
第39题 B 空白处在这一段开头，为该段的总起句，该段后面介绍了一些方法来提高适应性，故选B，AQ的一个好处是专家说你可以努力开发它，后面就写如何努力开发它。
第40题 C 空白处为最后一句，前文写我们需要为未来的变化准备，如何准备呢？C项给出答案，学习、改变、成长、实验的能力是关键，这些都是上文所说的技能，故选C。

5月21日 今日心情：
完形填空篇之记叙文


完形填空是语言知识运用的第一节，共20或者15小题，每小题1.5或者1分。在一篇约250词的短文中留出20/15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺, 前后连贯, 结构完整。
全国卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅。从选材到试题的设置都呈现出＂稳中有变＂的特点：
1. 题材相对稳定：文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后
能给考生带来心灵的启迪。且文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有积极的教育意
义，体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。
2. 文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中，全文设置20
/15个空格，要求考生根据文章的整体内容，从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项，很少涉及纯语法知识试题。
4.题目设置上单纯语法考查减少，上下文联系考查力度加大，并且以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多。完形填空的文章体裁以记叙文为主，记叙文是一种以写人记事为主要内容，以叙述为主要表达方式的文体。它主要包括人物故事、历史故事、励志故事等。解题时要掌握以下答题技巧：
(1)通读全文抓中心。抓住了中心就有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
(2)明确文章的叙述角度。通常记叙文有两大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，学生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。在做题时学生可以采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、会做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
(3)理清写作顺序。根据写作需要，作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。了解事情发展的来龙去脉，更迅速、准确地理解文意。
(4)把握记叙的线索：人物线、事物线、感情线、事件线、时间线、地点线等。
(5)明确写作要素。包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件的内容(what)、原因(why)等。抓住文章的主体，理解整篇文章。
(6)洞悉写作目的。作者是借助叙述这样一个载体来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。

近三年全国卷完形填空考查情况统计表
试卷名称
考试
年份
考查体裁
主题
语境
文章话题
篇章
词数
命题考点
句内
层次
句组
层次
语篇
层次
实词
虚词
动词
名词
形容词
副词
介词
连词
全国甲卷
2022
记叙文
人与
社会
因狗结缘，
终成眷属
282
8
9
3
8
7
2
2
1
0
2021
记叙文
人与
社会
在酒店晾
晒香肠引
来海鸥
273
5
9
6
10
5
4
1
0
0
全国乙卷
2022
说明文
人与
社会
对学龄前
儿童捉迷
藏的研究
262
9
6
5
7
7
4
2
0
0
2021
夹叙夹
议文
人与
社会
向医护人员
表达感激
252
7
9
4
10
7
1
2
0
0
全国Ⅰ卷
2020
夹叙夹
议文
人与
自我
父母对孩
子撒谎
的影响
284
6
9
5
6
8
3
2
1
0
全国Ⅱ卷
2020
记叙文
人与
社会
购买世
界名画
308
11
6
3
11
4
3
2
0
0
全国Ⅲ卷
2020
夹叙夹
议文
人与
社会
应对难对
付的顾客
297
10
7
3
8
3
6
1
2
0


观察并分析近三年全国高考试题，预测2023年高考试题还会：
1. 文章基本控制在250个词左右，且趋于稳定。
2. 文体以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，话题多样，但均贴近生活。
3. 文章结构大致相同，都是以＂总—分＂或＂总—分—总＂结构为主。段落开头点明该段的大意，然后再展开详细阐述，必要时再做简单总结。


做完形填空题时最大的禁忌就是急于求成、贸然行动，脱离语篇大环境，凭主观臆断，从而造成“只见树木，不见森林”的片面性错误。正确的做法是：先通读全文和选项，对文意和题目有个大致了解，搞清楚主旨大意及思考方向后，再进行第二遍精读和答题。如何读文，如何做题，怎样才能高效解题，本讲将给予悉心的宏观指导。
通过第一步的通览文章，明白文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章和做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题目，也就是句内、句组层次题。对于这些题目，使用“题文齐读法”便可在文章的通读环节预判解答一部分，但有些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，所以对于这些题目，学生应做到解题有理有据、有法可依。

一、5大方法速判句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，学生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法(一)　利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确的判断。
【典例】　(2022·全国乙卷)
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42.bad at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
43.A．exposed　　　 B．examined
C.untouched D．imbalanced
解析　根据生活常识及本句中的They often cover only their eyes with their hands可推断，学龄前儿童在捉迷藏时只用手遮住他们自己的眼睛，而身体的其他部分都暴露在外。
自主解答　 A
方法(二)　利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知填空的答案。
【典例】　(2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult.
49.A．see　　　B．help
C.reach D．fool
解析　We then asked the child if she could the adult.
从上述分析可以看出，第49题所填词应与or后面的hear形成对应关系。因为有or这一并列连词，且上句中的eyes or 48.ears与 49 or hear恰好相呼应，即眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见，由此可知正确选项。
自主解答　 A
方法(三)　利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。
【典例】　　(2022·全国甲卷)
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48 ， Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so 49.soon？
48.A．breath　　B．balance
C.attention D．imagination
解析　根据上文中的It was a hot day.可知，作者和Steve一起去遛狗的那天天气炎热，因此此处表示两人停下来喘口气。catch one's breath为固定搭配，意为“喘口气”。
自主解答　 A
方法(四)　利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
【典例】　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44.uncomfortable，and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.
45.A．due to　　　　　　B．instead of
C.apart from D．as for
解析　上文说作者给自己15个月大的孩子系上绳子，孩子因不舒服而哭叫。本空前的连词So表示因果关系，由此可知，为了不让孩子哭，作者不再用绳子拴着他，而是紧盯着他。
自主解答　 B
方法(五)　利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47.headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip.
48.A．arranged　　B．interrupted
C.completed D．recorded
解析　根据本空前的storms move in fast in the mountains可推知，这里指突如其来的暴风雨很快打断了作者一家平静的清晨之旅。
自主解答　 B
二、4种技巧智取句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
技巧(一)　利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确的答案。
原词复现
【典例】　(2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 49.see or hear the adult.
47.A．parent　　　B．child
C.researcher D．doctor
解析　根据本段中的We brought young children ...及空后一句中的the child可知，是2到4岁的儿童参加实验，所以此处表示每个“儿童”和一个成年人坐在一起。child与空前一句中的children及空后一句中的child是原词复现。
自主解答　 B
同义词复现
【典例】　(2021·3月天津高考)
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 17.emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead．
16．A．amazed　B．mad　　
C．curious　　D．frightened
解析　根据下文中的After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy可知，空处和“anger” “frustration”是同义词，由此可知正确选项。
自主解答　 B
反义词复现
【典例】　 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was 50 than it sounds.51．Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd 52.expected．
50．A．harder　B．better　　
C．longer　　D．cheaper
解析　尽管上文提到了Our 48.roles in the factory were simple，但根据下文中的the cakes pile up和a little more high-pressure可知，要完成一系列任务，稍微慢一点，小兔子蛋糕就会堆积起来，此处表示“这比听起来要艰难多了”。 harder与上文中的simple构成了反义词复现。
自主解答　 A
技巧(二)　利用作者的态度或感情色彩关联解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【典例】　(2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41．A．ownership　　　　　B．membership
C．companionship D．leadership
解析　根据第二段中的For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance.可知，作者这些年来一直很喜欢和她的两只宠物狗生活在一起，两只狗的“陪伴”能让作者远离孤单。
自主解答　 C

技巧(三)　利用逻辑关系解题

【典例】　(2022·全国乙卷)
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44.interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46.contradicted that idea.
45．A．disappointing　B．mixed
C．surprising D．desired
解析　根据本段第一句可知，这种无效的躲藏方式被理解为(interpreted)儿童是一种完全“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。根据本空前的But可知，前后两句之间是转折关系，此句意为：但是我们在儿童发展心理学方面的研究发现反驳(contradicted)了那个观点，由此推测，研究结果是“令人惊奇的”。
自主解答　 C
技巧(四)　利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】　(2022·1月浙江高考)
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39.similar problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 . “Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41．insignificant，” she said. “But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42.compromised．”
40．A．turn　　　　　　B．peace
C．vain D．silence
解析　根据下文的“Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41．insignificant，” she said.可知，她发现他们很大程度上都保持沉默，因为他们认为谈论此事似乎是微不足道的。
自主解答　 D
三、2种思路解决语篇层次题
语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
思路(一)　利用首尾呼应关系解题
【典例】　(2021·1月浙江高考)
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42 ．We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock.This 46.meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 47.seen.
…
53.Needless to say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived．I think I am much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42．A．tour　　　B．project
C．campaign D．course
　完形填空的文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，可以更好地解答部分题目。
解析　根据文章末尾的the project可知，本篇文章讲述的是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到文章开头可知，作者被派去Coronado National Forest是为了一个为期8天的“项目(工程)”。
自主解答　 B
　叙事类的完形填空往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾相呼应的写法，在文章结尾处来升华主题。因此，学生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答此类题目。
思路(二)　利用文章发展脉络解题
【典例】　(2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
…
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.breath, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so 49.soon? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In that moment，I began to fall for him.
…
A year later, much to my 58.delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59.need him to. That's only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
60．A．toys　　　B．awards
C．food D．water
　叙事型完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。
解析　文章首段提出了一个观点：一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。
自主解答　 D





　

典例


(2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with 42 . When I first dated Steve, I 43 he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 44 that he was an animal lover, I 45 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 46 , the cat.
The next week we 47 our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48 , Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so 49 ? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50 , I began to fall for him.
We 51 to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her 52 . I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly 53 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 54 his house. All worked 55 . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, 56 Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team 57 for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my 58 , this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59 him to. That’s only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
41.A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
42.A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice
43.A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned
44.A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled
45.A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted
46.A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
47.A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed
48.A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination
49.A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real
50.A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment
51.A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended
52.A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg
53.A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly
54.A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched
55.A. late B. hard C. fine D. free
56.A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered
57.A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling
58.A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage
59.A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid
60.A. toys B. awards C. food D. water
答案与解析
41. C 根据上文的 living with my dogs 可知作者和两只宠物狗一起生活，所以此处指两只狗的陪伴（companionship）能让作者避免孤单。
42. A 根据下文的 When I first dated Steve 可知，作者和 Steve 初次约会，此时对他还不是很了解，再根据后面提到的 three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack … the cat 可知作者对于两人的宠物的相处存在担忧，由此可推知作者此时对这段关系还持保留（reservations）态度。
43. D 作者和 Steve 初次约会，应该是在交谈中得知（learned）他养了一条狗和一只猫。
44. D 作者养宠物，由下文 he was an animal lover 可知，在得知 Steve 也喜欢动物后，作者应该是感到非常兴奋或激动的（thrilled）。
45. B 根据上文可知，作者有两条狗，Steve 养了一条狗和一只猫，作者应该会担心（worried）三条狗有点多，而且也“担心”自己的狗会袭击 Steve的猫。
46. A 上文提到了 Steve 的猫名叫 Flora，而空后的 the cat 为同位语，提示了此处应该填猫的名字，所以选 Flora。
47. B 根据下文内容可知，作者带着狗和 Steve 一起走在户外，由此可知他们是在一起遛狗，walk 在此处意为“遛”。
48. A 由上文的 It was a hot day. 可知，天气很热，所以两人停下来“喘口气”歇一歇，catch one’s breath 意为“喘口气”。
49. C 根据上文 Steve got down on one knee 可知，此时 Steve 正单膝跪地，作者以为他要求婚，而根据上文 The next week 可知作者和 Steve 才交往不久，所以作者会认为发展得过快（soon）。
50. D 根据空后的 I began to fall for him 可知作者爱上了 Steve，而契机就是 Steve 在炎热的天气里单膝下跪给作者的狗喂水喝，在那一瞬间（in thatmoment），作者爱上了对方。
51. A 根据下文可知作者和 Steve 后来还相处着，也就是说他们仍“继续”（continued）约会。
52. D 根据下文的 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound 可知爬楼梯会使 Tilly 的伤口重新开裂，由此可知这个手术的伤口是在腿（leg）上。
53. B 根据上文的 I took the dogs out four times a day 可知作者每天要遛四次狗，这也就说明 Tilly 会“经常地”爬楼梯，因而选 constantly。
54. C 由上文可知作者自家的楼梯会给腿部有伤口的狗造成不便，再结合下文的 We made good housemates 以及作者和 Steve 两人的宠物相处的情形可知，双方搬到了一起，即 Steve 向作者推荐了（suggested）自己的住
所。
55. C 根据下文的 three dogs formed a pack …, Steve and I formed a goodteam …, We made good housemates 等内容可知，作者和 Steve 两人以及两人的宠物都相处得融洽，所以一切进展得很好（fine）。
56. B 根据第二段内容可知，作者一开始很担心自己的狗会攻击 Steve 家的猫，但此时，在一定的训练下，三条宠物狗变得“尊重”猫的地盘了，即不去冒犯猫，因而选 respected。
57. B 由上文可知 Tilly 做了手术，由此可推知此处指作者和 Steve 一起“照看”Tilly，care for 意为“照看；照料”。
58. A 根据第三段的 I began to fall for him 可知，作者已经爱上了 Steve，再根据第四段的内容可知两人相处得很好，所以此时当 Steve 求婚时，作者应该是高兴的（delight）。
59. C 根据下文内容可知，作者不需要（need）Steve 单膝跪地求婚来表示诚意，因为在他单膝跪地给她的狗喂水的那一刻，就已经说明一切了。
60. D 此空对应上文的 He poured water from a bottle into his hand andoffered it to my dogs，即 Steve 给狗喂水（water）的那一刻就已经将两人连结在了一起。
(2022·新高考全国I卷)
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42 along Chalk Creek. I was 43 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44 , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 51 . We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 52 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were 53 .
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54 , wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.

41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried
44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix
51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
答案与解析
41. C 根据第二段的 from the early years when ... 和 Once 及第三段的Another time 可知，作者是在回忆和家人的露营经历，一些回忆（memories）很有趣。
42. A 根据第一段的 wonderful camping experiences 和下文的 ... to keep him near to our spot 可知，作者一家是在 Chalk Creek 岸边露营（camped）。
43. D 根据下文的 I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to ourspot.可知，作者担心（worried）儿子会掉进小溪里，所以拿绳子绑在他身上。
44. C 根据下文的 his crying 可知，绳子绑在孩子身上让他觉得不舒服（uncomfortable）。
45. B 根据上文的 That lasted about ten minutes.和下文的 I just kept a close eye on him. 可知，绳子绑在孩子身上十分钟左右就取下来了，作者只能紧盯着他。所以 instead of 符合语境。
46. A 根据下一句 he didn’t end up in the creek 可知，紧盯着孩子起了作用（worked），孩子没有掉进小溪里。
47. D 根据下文的 but storms move in fast in the mountains 可知，山里的暴风雨来得很迅猛，but 在此处表示转折，表明作者一家出发（headed off）时天气还很晴朗。 sign up 意为“报名（参加课程）”
； calm down 意为“（使）平静，镇静”；check out 意为“结账离开（旅馆等）”，均不符合语境。
48. B 根据上文可知，作者一家出发时天气晴朗，而这场突如其来的暴风雨中断了（interrupted）他们平静的清晨之旅。
49. A 根据上一句中的 storms move in fast 和下文的 thunder rolled 可知，暴风雨来临时风力（wind）增强，雷声隆隆。
50. C 根据下文的 We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a deadmotor. 可知，发动机无法启动了。所以此处是说作者的丈夫停止钓鱼，试图去启动（start）发动机。
51. A 根据下一句 We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a deadmotor. 可知，他们被困在了湖中央，也就是说很不幸（No luck），作者的丈夫第二次仍然没能成功启动发动机。因此 luck 符合语境。
52. D 根据上文可知，作者一家被困在了湖中央，因此他们坐在那里，感到无助（helplessly）。
53. C 根据上一句中的 a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed usback 可知，他们的船被一位渔民拖到了岸上，即他们安全了（safe）。
54. D 根据下文的 wondering what camping fun ... we will experience next可 知 ， 他 们 好 奇 接 下 来 的 露 营 会 经 历 什 么 有 趣 的 事 情 ， 因 此 兴 奋（excitement）不已。
55. B 根据上文作者的回忆可知，露营非常有趣，但同时也是一场冒险（adventure），会有意想不到的危险发生



（2023秋·河南开封·高三统考期末）On a hot summer afternoon, Carl, a homeless man, visited the grocery. He was so ___1___ that he decided to treat himself with the money he ___2___ in the morning. Carl got himself a pack of ___3___ bis-cuits. Then he joined the line waiting for his turn to ___4___.
Suddenly, noises of two people arguing caught his ___5___. He glanced out of the line to see a(n) ___6___ man standing by the cashier. The elderly man was counting the ___7___ with his shaking hands. The cashier lost ___8___ while waiting for his payment. “Are you going to count those coins one by one? That will take you a century, man!” the cashier ___9___ at the elderly man and kept tapping on the counter to ____10____ him to speed up.
“I am a veteran (老兵), Miss. Don’t you think you can speak to me more respectfully?” the old man made an angry ____11____. Some people in line supported the cashier as they were ____12____ awaiting for their turns, and no one ____13____ the elderly veteran.
“I’ll help you, sir. . . ” Carl stepped in to his ____14____ “$52!” Carl finished counting. “And I have another $50. The total makes it $112, Miss. . . ” the old man said, ____15____ the coins neatly on her counter in two rows.
“And that’s $4 less!” the cashier shouted again, pointing to the bill.
Finally, Carl spoke up, “You should____16____to him! He is only old. Here’s your $4!”
He threw two $2 bills against the counter.
Seeing Carl’s ____17____ , the elderly man had tears in his eyes. Carl also ____18____ to carry his groceries outside. ____19____, before they left, Carl returned his things to the shelf because he knew he couldn’t ____20____ them anymore.
1．A．demanding B．excited C．starving D．amazed
2．A．donated B．supplied C．borrowed D．begged
3．A．inexpensive B．unforgettable C．burned D．dirty
4．A．come over B．check out C．speak up D．set off
5．A．attention B．dream C．action D．goal
6．A．elderly B．attractive C．strong D．strange
7．A．bills B．notes C．numbers D．coins
8．A．interest B．belief C．courage D．patience
9．A．pointed B．laughed C．shouted D．stared
10．A．urge B．expect C．teach D．persuade
11．A．comment B．noise C．choice D．response
12．A．eagerly B．curiously C．happily D．silently
13．A．approached B．helped C．treated D．discovered
14．A．guidance B．aid C．suggestion D．instruction
15．A．allowing B．collecting C．piling D．washing
16．A．describe B．complain C．apologize D．explain
17．A．honesty B．sympathy C．politeness D．kindness
18．A．happened B．offered C．attempted D．returned
19．A．Similarly B．However C．Gradually D．Instead
20．A．steal B．control C．buy D．hide

【答案】
1．C    2．D    3．A    4．B    5．A    6．A    7．D    8．D    9．C    10．A    11．D    12．A    13．B    14．B    15．C    16．C    17．D    18．B    19．B    20．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了卡尔去杂货店买东西时，遇到一个退伍老兵被收银员吼骂，于是挺身而出帮忙的故事。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他太饿了，所以他决定用早上乞讨的钱犒劳一下自己。A. demanding费时费力的、难以满足的；B. excited兴奋的。刺激的；C. starving饥饿的；D. amazed惊奇的、惊讶的。根据后面的“he decided to treat himself”以及“Carl got himself a pack of  ___3___  bis-cuits.”可知，卡尔是因为饿了，所以才去杂货店买饼干，starving符合语境。故选C项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他太饿了，所以他决定用早上乞讨的钱犒劳一下自己。A. donated捐赠；B. supplied供应；C. borrowed借；D. begged请求、乞求。根据上文的“a homeless man”可知，卡尔是一个流浪汉，由此可知，他的钱是乞讨来的，begged符合语境。故选D项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡尔给自己买了一包便宜的饼干。A. inexpensive便宜的；B. unforgettable难以忘怀的；C. burned烧焦的；D. dirty肮脏的。根据上文的“a homeless man”以及“he decided to treat himself with the money he  ___2___  in the morning”可知，卡尔是一个流浪汉，用乞讨来的钱买东西，说明钱不多，由此可知是买了一包“便宜的”饼干，inexpensive符合语境。故选A项。
4．考查短语辨析。句意：然后，他加入了排队等待结账的队伍。A. come over顺便来访、过来。B. check out结账离开、检验；C. speak up大声说；D. set off出发、引起、动身。根据“Then he joined the line waiting for his turn to  ___4___ .”可知，此处指“排队结账”，check out符合语境。故选B项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，两个人争吵的声音引起了他的注意。A. attention注意力；B. dream梦、梦想；C. action行动；D. goal目标。根据前面“noises of two people arguing”可知，两个人的争吵声吸引力卡尔的“注意力”，attention符合语境。根据故选A项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他向队伍外瞥了一眼，看见一个老人站在出纳员旁边。A. elderly上了年纪的；B. attractive有吸引力的；C. strong强壮的、坚强的；D. strange陌生的。根据后面的“The elderly man was counting the  ___7___  with his shaking hands.”可知，此处指看到一个“老人”，elderly符合语境。故选A项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：老人用颤抖的手数着硬币。A. bills账单；B. notes注释、说明、笔记；C. numbers数字；D. coins硬币。根据下文的“Are you going to count those coins one by one?”可知，此处指数“硬币”，coins符合语境。故选D项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：收银员在等待付款时失去了耐心。A. interest兴趣；B. belief相信、信仰；C. courage勇气；D. patience耐心。根据后面的“Are you going to count those coins one by one? That will take you a century, man!”可知，收银员对老人说数完这些硬币要花一个世纪，说明收银员没耐心了，patience符合语境。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：收银员对着老人大喊大叫，不停地敲打着柜台，催他快点。A. pointed指出；B. laughed笑、大笑；C. shouted喊叫；D. stared凝视、注视。根据下文的“the cashier shouted again, pointing to the bill.”可知，收银员此时是在对着老人大吼，shouted符合语境。故选C项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：收银员对着老人大喊大叫，不停地敲打着柜台，催他快点。A. urge敦促；B. expect期待；C. teach教；D. persuade说服、劝服。根据后面的“him to speed up”可知，这是在催促老人快点，urge符合语境。故选A项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：老人生气地回答。A. comment评论、意见；B. noise噪音；C. choice选择；D. response反应、回应。根据前面的“I am a veteran (老兵), Miss. Don’t you think you can speak to me more respectfully?”可知，此处是老人在回应收营员，response符合语境。故选D项。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一些排队的人支持收银员，因为他们正急切地等待着轮到自己，没有人帮助这位年迈的老兵。A. eagerly急切地、渴望地；B. curiously好奇地；C. happily高兴地、开心地；D. silently默默地、安静地。根据“Some people in line supported the cashier as they were  ___12___  awaiting for their turns”可知，一些人支持收银员，因为他们“急切地”等待着轮到自己，eagerly符合语境。故选A项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些排队的人支持收银员，因为他们正急切地等待着轮到自己，没有人帮助这位年迈的老兵。A. approached接近；B. helped帮助；C. treated对待；D. discovered发现。根据下文“I’ll help you, sir. . .”可知，此处指没人“帮助”他，helped符合语境。故选B项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我会帮你的，先生……”卡尔上前帮忙。A. guidance指导；B. aid帮助、援助；C. suggestion建议；D. instruction指示、指导。根据前面的“I’ll help you, sir. . .”可知，卡尔走上前去帮忙，aid符合语境。故选B项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：老人说着，把硬币整齐地堆成两排，放在柜台上。A. allowing允许；B. collecting收集；C. piling堆放、叠起；D. washing洗。根据“___15___  the coins neatly on her counter in two rows.”可知，此处指把硬币叠成两排，piling符合语境。故选C项。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，卡尔开口了：“你应该向他道歉!他只是老了。这是你的4美元!”A. describe描述；B. complain抱怨；C. apologize道歉；D. explain解释。根据“You should ___16___ to him! He is only old. Here’s your $4!”可知，此处是要收银员向老人道歉，apologize符合语境。故选C项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：老人看到卡尔的善良，眼里含着泪水。A. honesty诚实；B. sympathy同情；C. politeness礼貌；D. kindness善良。根据上文卡尔帮助老人可知，此处指看到他的善良，kindness符合语境。故选D项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：卡尔还主动提出把他的杂货搬到外面去。A. happened发生；B. offered提供；C. attempted尝试；D. returned返回、归还、恢复。根据后面的“to carry his groceries outside”可知，此处指主动提出把他的东西搬到外面去，offer to为固定短语，表示“主动提出”。故选B项。
19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他们离开之前，卡尔把他的东西放回了架子上，因为他知道他不能再买了。A. Similarly相似地、类似地；B. However然而；C. Gradually渐渐地；D. Instead相反。根据上文“Carl got himself a pack of  ___3___  bis-cuits.”和后面的“before they left, Carl returned his things to the shelf because he knew he couldn’t  ___20___  them anymore.”可知，原本卡尔是要买东西的，现在又把东西放回去了，前后之间存在转折关系，应用however。故选B项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他们离开之前，卡尔把他的东西放回了架子上，因为他知道他不能再买了。A. steal偷窃；B. control控制；C. buy买；D. hide隐藏。根据上文“Carl got himself a pack of  ___3___  bis-cuits.”和“before they left, Carl returned his things to the shelf because he knew he couldn’t  ___20___  them anymore.”可知，原本卡尔是要买饼干的，但是现在把钱给老人用了，所以是买不了了，buy符合语境。故选C项。



Nothing can quite compare to the bitter dryness that filled my mouth as I stood still,stuck between the edge of a desk and a teacher's arm,having ___16___ my own name.
"Hey,"said the girl standing next to me,whose name I couldn't recall ___17___."Don't worry, Take your time."And so I did.But speaking a few syllables(音节）I'd learned that day unclearly was not a(n)___18___ pronunciation of my new Chinese name.The teacher smiled at me awkwardly, ___19___ that I was completely off.In case I said something more embarrassing in my ___20___,I chose to keep silent.The teacher moved on to the next student.
So went my first day of the STARTALK Chinese language and culture program,a month and a half of the summer Mandarin ___21___in the heart of Manhattan.Learning was ___22___at first.I knew little about Mandarin tonalities(音调）. I ___23___ for it mainly because my goal was to work ___24___,and in order to do that,I wanted to ____25____ one of the most widely spoken languages in the world.
Learning Spanish in school had been easy,____26____my fluency in French had provided a life jacket for me to sail through the waters of another Romance language.The first day of Mandarin,however,was like____27____ straight into the deep end of the pool,and I had to try to ____28____
As the classes went on,I slowly found that I was making ____29____.Just as my 10 years of playing the piano had allowed me to____30____ for others,I knew that the STARTALK program would help me to ____31____what I wanted as long as I wouldn't ____32____ from it easily.As the teachers helped me ____33____ the confidence to not only present in front of the class,but talk to people such as museum-goers and waiters,I soon began tasting the sweetness I had been____34____.
So what did my summer really taste like?It tasted like the Chinese food that,for the first time,I did not____35____in English.
16. A. doubted B. ignored C. refused D. forgotten
17. A. still B. either C. often D. yet
18. A. adequate B. sincere C. formal D. regular
19. A. complaining B. indicating C. appreciating D. pretending
20. A. heart B. duty C. turn D. conclusion
21. A. curriculum B. institution C. theme D. arrangement
22 A. abstract B. rigid C. rough D. casual
23. A. allowed B. accounted C. applied D. answered
24. A. civilly B. effectively C. confidently D. globally
25. A. talk about B. pick up C. think of D. get on
26. A. while B. though C. since D. or
27. A. falling B. sitting C. looking D. swimming
28. A. scream B. flow C. recover D. float
29. A. exceptions B. connections C. contributions D. presentations
30. A. provide B. stand C. prepare D. perform
31. A. obtain B. seek C. challenge D. conquer
32. A. discourage B. prohibit C. withdraw D. defend
33. A. evaluate B. express C. share D. strengthen
34. A. desiring B. foreseeing C. plotting D. assuming
35. A. offer B. order C. share D. supply


【答案】
16. D 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章详细地描述了作者第一次学习普通话的感受，在老师和同学的鼓励下慢慢地取得了进步，体验到了学习普通话的快乐。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有什么可以和我口中苦涩干燥的感觉相比，我站在桌子边缘和老师的手臂之间一动不动，忘记了自己的名字。A. doubted怀疑；B. ignored无视；C. refused拒绝；D. forgotten遗忘。结合下一句的recall可知，作者站在那里忘记了如何用普通话说自己的名字了。故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：站在我旁边的那个女孩说，“嘿！”，而她的名字我也不记得了。A. still仍然；B. either也；C. often经常；D. yet还，仍然。作者忘记如何用普通话说自己的名字了，更别说其他人了，因此也无法用普通话想起他人的名字了。故选B项。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是那天我说出的几个模糊的音节并不能足够说出我的新中文名字。A. adequate足够的；B. sincere真诚的；C. formal正式的；D. regular定期的。因为第一天学习普通话，因此作者学会的那几个音节并不能完全足够地让作者说出自己的中文名字。故选A项。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师尴尬地对我微笑着，表明我完全地无法说出自己的名字了。A. complaining抱怨；B. indicating表示，表明；C. appreciating感激，欣赏；D. pretending假装。老师通过微笑向作者示意来表明作者当时因为没能掌握好发音的音节，从而出现尴尬局促的场面。故选B项。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：以防在轮到我时说出令人尴尬的话，我选择保持沉默。A. heart心脏；B. duty职责；C. turn轮流；D. conclusion结论。作者保持沉默是为了不想在轮到自己时再说出令人尴尬的话语。故选C项。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我参加STARTALK中国语言和文化计划的第一天就这样过去了，这个夏季普通话课程在曼哈顿中心持续一个半月。A. curriculum课程；B. institution机构；C. theme主题；D. arrangement安排。根据STARTALK Chinese language and culture program可知，作者通过报名参加普通话培训课程来学习普通话。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先是艰难的学习。A. abstract抽象的；B. rigid严格的，僵硬的；C. rough粗糙的，艰难的；D. casual随便的。作者对普通话的音调知之甚少，因此起初学习是很艰难的。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我之所以申请这门课程，主要是因为我的目标是在全球工作，为此，我想学会世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。A. allowed允许；B. accounted视为，解释，导致；C. applied应用，申请；D. answered回答。作者学习普通话，因此申请了培训课程，apply for：申请。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我之所以申请这门课程，主要是因为我的目标是在全球工作，为此，我想学会世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。A. civilly民法上，法律上；B. effectively有效地；C. confidently自信地；D. globally全球地。本句提到汉语是使用最广泛的语言之一，因此选择globally合乎语境。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我之所以申请这门课程，主要是因为我的目标是在全球范围内工作，为此，我想学会世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。A. talk about谈论；B. pick up捡起，学会；C. think of想到；D. get on取得进展。作者想要让自己选择工作的范围尽可能广泛，因此学习世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。pick up a language：学会某种语言。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：在学校学习西班牙语很容易，因为我流利的法语为我提供了救生衣，让我可以在另一种 罗曼斯语的水里航行。A. while当……时候；B. though虽然；C. since因为，自从；D. or或者。西班牙语和法语有相似之处，因此作者因为法语的熟练从而使自己的西班牙的学习变得容易。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是学习普通话的第一天就像是掉进了游泳池的深处，我不得不尽全力飘浮起来。A. falling摔倒，掉进；B. sitting坐着；C. looking看；D. swimming游泳。根据 straight into the deep end of the poo可知，however表示转折，因此作者这里想要表达的是：学习普通话像掉入了游泳池的深水区，表示最初困难重重。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是学习普通话的第一天就像是掉进了游泳池的深处，我不得不尽全力飘浮起来。A. scream尖叫；B. flow流动；C. recover恢复；D. float漂浮。作者学习普通话像掉入了游泳池的深水区，因此作者要尽力地使自己漂浮起来，意为最初学习普通话遇到了重重困难，很是挣扎。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着上课的进行，我慢慢发现自己正在建立联系。A. exceptions例外；B. connections联系；C. contributions贡献；D. presentations陈述。作者将学习普通话和学钢琴做比较，练习钢琴多年让自己能够为别人表演，即随着课程的推移，作者逐渐地学会了一些普通话，这两件事有着一定的联系。make connections：建立联系，联系起来。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像我弹钢琴的十年使我能够为他人表演一样，我知道只要我不放弃，STARTALK课程将帮助我获得我想要的东西。A. provide提供；B. stand站立；C. prepare准备；D. perform表演。作者将学习普通话和学钢琴做比较，练习钢琴多年让自己能够为别人表演，即随着课程的推移，作者逐渐地学会了一些普通话。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像我弹钢琴的十年使我能够为他人表演一样，我知道只要我不放弃，STARTALK课程将帮助我获得我想要的东西。A. obtain获得；B. seek寻求；C. challenge挑战；D. conquer征服。作者学习普通话遇到困难，作者知道只要不放弃，还是可以获得了自己想要的东西。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像我弹钢琴的十年使我能够为他人表演一样，我知道只要我不放弃，STARTALK课程将帮助我获得我想要的东西。A. discourage劝阻；B. prohibit禁止；C. withdraw撤退，撤回；D. defend防守。作者学习普通话遇到困难，但还是获得了自己想要的东西，这是凭借着坚持不懈才取得的进步。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于老师们的帮助，我不仅增强了在全班面前展示自己的信心，而且我可以与博物馆参观者和服务人员交谈，我很快就感受到自己一直以来所渴望的甜蜜。A. evaluate评估；B. express表达；C. share分享；D. strengthen加强。根据helped me以及the confidence 客户，老师在作者学习普通话的过程中起到了积极的作用，即老师为作者加油鼓劲，增强作者的信心。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于老师们的帮助，我不仅增强了在全班面前展示自己的信心，而且我可以与博物馆参观者和服务人员交谈，我很快就感受到自己一直以来所渴望的甜蜜。A. desiring期望；B. foreseeing预见；C. plotting暗中策划，标出；D. assuming假设。作者学习普通话遇到困难，但是在老师的帮助下，作者取得了进步，体验到了快乐，这是作者所期待的。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它就像中国食物一样，这是我第一次没有用英语来点菜。A. offer提供；B. order订购；C. share分享；D. supply供应。根据It tasted like the Chinese food tha可知，作者坚持不懈学习普通话并取得了进步，能够用普通话来订购中国的食物。从中作者体验到了快乐。故选B项。
5月22日 今日心情：
完形填空篇之议论文


考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
在一篇250词左右的短文中留出20/15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
既考查考生的英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运用语言的能力。
主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能力和生活常识运用能力。该题型分值高（30/15分，占整套试卷分数的20%/10%），区分度强，是考生分数最容易＂拉开距离＂的题型。



议论文的完型填空一般读起来缺乏趣味性，在高考中出现的频率不是很高，但是若考察起来的话题目的难度也会比较大。考生需要注意平时对易混词汇的总结和辨析，议论文的完型一般开头作者就会提出自己的论点，这块我们要重点读懂，在选用词汇的时候要注意作者说话的语气和作者的态度，文章一般会让读者去接受它的一种观点，是支持的还是反对的都会对所选的答案造成影响。



【典例 2015·福建】
One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be 1　 when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I 　2　 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 　3　 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 　4　 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 　5　 person.
Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 　6　. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 　7　 to deal with was that the day before the 　8　, Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 　9　 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 　10　. It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 　11　 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 　12　 everything so harshly(刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 　13　 as well.
Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, 　14　 when we’re honest, we can be sharply 　15　 of the world. I’m not suggesting you 　16　 problems, or that you pretend things are 　17　 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are — 　18　 most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big 　19　.
Train yourself to ＂bite your tongue＂, and with a little 　20　, you’ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
1. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy
2. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected
3. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled
4. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
5. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising
6. A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation
7. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible
8. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure
9. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice
10. A. hear B. contribute C. express D. admit
11. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about
12. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle
13. A. family B. life C. career D. education
14. A.so B. or C. but D. for
15. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical
16. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore
17. A. rarer B. better C. stranger D. worse
18. A.at least B.at last C.by far D.so far
19. A. task B. deal C. result D. duty
20. A. practice B. speech C. rest D. pity


【答案】BACDB ADCDC ACBCD DBABA
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述Kerry从一个吹毛求疵的人变为一个学会感恩生活的人，告诉我们＂要管好你的嘴＂，寻回昔日对生活的热情。
1. B从下文内容可知,本文作者不赞同人们老是挑毛病,所以用great表示当你不忙于挑毛病时生活会很精彩。
2. A receive a letter from sb. ＂收到某人的来信＂。
3. C根据下文的＂People were always doing things that annoyed her＂(人们做的事总是惹她生气)可知,此处用 bother表示＂使(某人)烦恼＂。
4. D根据and前面的句子可知,此处表示＂没有一件事情她觉得好＂,所以用nothing。
5. B此处用boring表示＂令人厌烦的＂。
6. A 根据下文可知,这场意外改变了她的态度。attitude ＂态度＂。
7. D事故发生前一天Kerry拜访了她的这个朋友并一直挑朋友的毛病。据此可知,这使得事情几乎无法应对。
8. C根据上文的＂it took a horrible accident＂ 可知,此处选C。
9. D Kerry批评她的朋友对男朋友的选择。choice ＂选择＂。
10. C 空处所在的句子是定语从句,various other things 是先行词,关系词that/which 代替先行词在从句中作宾语,所以用express＂表达＂。
11. A 直到她的朋友严重受伤Kerry才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。aware of ＂意识到＂;afraid of ＂害
怕＂;curious about ＂好奇＂;confused about ＂感到困惑＂。
12. C judge ＂判断,评价＂。此处judge … harshly和上文的＂appreciate life＂形成对比。
13. B她也能够把她的新智慧转移到她生活的其他方面。
14. C上下文是转折关系,所以用but。
15. D be critical of 和find fault with是同义短语。
16. D根据上下文可知,不挑剔并不意味着忽视问题。ignore ＂忽视＂。
17. B或者假装事情比真实情况要好。
18. A至少大多数时候是这样的。at least ＂至少＂。
19. B a big deal是固定搭配,含义为＂重要的事情＂。
20. A根据上下文可知,要做到这一点需要的是少量的训练。practice ＂练习,训练＂。


（2022·上海金山·统考一模）In 2007, a group of researchers began testing a concept that seems as if it would never need testing: Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a scale from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Although the “very happy” participants had brilliant social lives, they performed ____1____ in school than those who were merely “happy”.
The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshmen’s “cheerfulness” and ____2____ their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most ____3____ were not the highest earners. That distinction (荣誉) once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average.”
As with everything in life, happiness has its  ____4____. Pursuing happiness to the exclusion of other goals-known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义)—is____5____. It gives a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are ____6____ to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning.
When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, ____7____ how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequence of the failure itself. This is similar to the way that discomfort with ____8____ causes more anxiety than guaranteed bad news. To ____9____ these bad feelings, people give up kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure.
However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, _____10_____ make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater _____11_____ than a life played safe, as the studies above suggested.
None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. _____12_____, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. Making the pursuit of positive feelings your highest or only goal, however, is a costly life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so _____13_____ many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the _____14_____we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.”
Though pain should never be anyone’s goal, each of us can strive for a rich life in which we not only seek the sunshine but fully ____15____ the rain that inevitably falls as well. This is the paradox (悖论) of being fully alive.
1．A．unwillingly B．unpleasantly C．admirably D．incredibly
2．A．generated B．increased C．tracked D．drained
3．A．joyful B．wealthy C．successful D．distinctive
4．A．advantage B．balance C．opportunity D．preference
5．A．fruitful B．significant C．priceless D．rewardless
6．A．desperate B．hesitant C．likely D．tempted
7．A．centers on B．works on C．takes on D．passes on
8．A．performance B．discipline C．uncertainty D．ignorance
9．A．conceal B．create C．tolerate D．avoid
10．A．necessarily B．inevitably C．similarly D．deliberately
11．A．fascination B．rewards C．depression D．challenges
12．A．On the contrary B．That is to say C．For instance D．In turn
13．A．harvests B．encounters C．designs D．sacrifices
14．A．happiness B．wealth C．dishonor D．suffering
15．A．escape B．predict C．experience D．produce
【答案】
1．B    2．C    3．A    4．B    5．D    6．B    7．A    8．C    9．D    10．A    11．B    12．A    13．D    14．D    15．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了快乐也有平衡，多一点幸福并不总是比少一点好，适当的不开心可以提高对生活的感受和解决问题的能力。
1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管“非常快乐”的参与者有着辉煌的社交生活，但他们在学校的表现比那些仅仅“快乐”的人要糟糕。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. unpleasantly令人不愉快地；C. admirably令人钦佩地；D. incredibly难以置信地。根据“the “very happy” participants had brilliant social lives”和表示转折关系的although可知，比起那些“快乐”的人，“非常快乐”的人在学校的表现不难么令人愉快。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员随后检查了另一项研究的数据集，该研究对大学新生的“快乐”进行了评级，并在近20年后追踪了他们的收入。A. generated产生；B. increased增加；C. tracked追踪；D. drained排除，使疲惫。根据下文“They found that the most 　　3　　 were not the highest earners.”推知，研究人员追踪了他们近20年的收入。故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们发现最快乐的人并不是收入最高的人。A. joyful快乐的；B. wealthy富有的；C. successful成功的；D. distinctive独特的。根据上文“Is more happiness always better than less?”可知，本文研究的是“多一点幸福总比少一点好吗”，因此此处指那些快乐的人并不总是收入最高的。故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和生活中的一切一样，幸福也有它的平衡。A. advantage优势；B. balance平衡；C. opportunity机会；D. preference偏爱。结合常识和“As with everything in life”可知，幸福和生活中的其他事情一样，也有平衡，过多过少都是不行的。故选B。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：追求幸福而不顾其他目标——被称为心理享乐主义——是没有回报的。A. fruitful有成果的；B. significant重要的；C. priceless无价的；D. rewardless无报酬的。根据“Pursuing happiness to the exclusion of other goals-known”可知，这样做是没有回报的。故选D。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它给人的生活是，你没有充分发挥自己的潜力，你对冒险犹豫不决，你选择暂时的快乐而不是挑战赋予生活意义的经历。A. desperate    绝望的；B. hesitant迟疑的，犹豫的；C. likely可能的；D. tempted诱惑的。根据上文“you do not reach your full potential”和下文“you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning”可知，此处应选择负向感情色彩的词，即面对冒险时犹豫不决。故选B。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我和人们谈论他们对生活中负面结果的恐惧时，他们真正的恐惧来源，在很多情况下，集中在他们对失败的感受上，而不是失败本身的后果。 A. centers on以……为中心，集中于；B. works on致力于；C. takes on呈现，从事；D. passes on传递。根据“how they will feel about having failed”可知，人们恐惧的来源集中在对失败的感觉上。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这类似于不确定性带来的不适会比肯定的坏消息引起更多的焦虑。A. performance表演，表现；B. discipline自律；C. uncertainty不确定性；D. ignorance无知。呼应下文“guaranteed”此处指对不确定性的不适。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了避免这些不好的感觉，人们放弃了各种可能失败的机会。A. conceal取消；B. create创造；C. tolerate容忍；D. avoid避免，避开。根据“people give up kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure.”可知，人们为了避免不好的感觉，放弃了很多机会，尽管这些机会带来的可能是失败。故选D。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当然，风险并不一定会让我们快乐。A. necessarily必定，必然；B. inevitably不可避免地；C. similarly相似地；D. deliberately故意地。根据上文“bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk.”和下文“A risky life will very likely bring disappointment”可知，幸福伴随着风险，风险可能带来失望，因此风险并不一定会让我快乐。故选A。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如上述研究表明的那样，冒险的生活很可能会带来失望，但它比安全的生活带来更大的回报。A. fascination魅力；B. rewards回报；C. depression沮丧，抑郁；D. challenges挑战。根据上文“However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk.”可知，比起什么都不做，冒险的生活会带来回报。故选B。
12．考查短语辨析。句意：相反，对幸福的渴望是自然和正常的。A. On the contrary相反；B. That is to say也就是说；C. For instance例如；D. In turn轮流，反过来。根据上文“None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy.”可知，与之相反，渴望幸福是自然且正常的。故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲美好生活的许多要素。A. harvests收获；B. encounters偶遇；C. designs设计；D. sacrifices牺牲。根据“Endless happiness is impossible to achieve”可知，想要无尽的幸福需要牺牲生活中其他美好的东西。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如加拿大裔美国心理学家保罗·布鲁姆所写：“正是我们选择的苦难为我们提供了快乐、意义和个人成长的最大机会。”A. happiness幸福；B. wealth财富；C. dishonor拒付，丢脸；D. suffering痛苦。结合常识和下文“Though pain should never be anyone’s goal”可知，苦难为我们提供了快乐、意义和个人成长的最大机会。故选D。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然痛苦永远不应该是任何人的目标，但我们每个人都可以为丰富的生活而奋斗，在生活中，我们不仅寻求阳光，而且充分体验不可避免的下雨。A. escape逃避；B. predict预测；C. experience经历，体验；D. produce生产。根据“in which we not only seek the sunshine”可知，除了在生活中寻求阳光，我们还应该体验不可避免的“雨”。故选C。


（2022·上海静安·统考一模）According to a Gallup World Poll, 1.1 billion people want to move temporarily to another country in the hope of finding more profitable jobs. An additional 630 million people would like to move abroad permanently.
The global desire to leave home arises from poverty and necessity, but it also grows out of a belief that such mobility is possible. People who hold fast to this universal ____16____ assume that individuals can and should be feel at home anywhere in the world and that they need not be ____17____ to any particular place. This view was once regarded as a negative product of the industrialization but is now accepted as central to a(n) ____18____ economy.
It leads to opportunity and profits, but it also has high ____19____ costs. According to a long research into the emotions and experiences of immigrants (移民) and migrants, many people who leave home in search of better prospects can’t avoid feeling ____20____ although few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home.
Such tolerance of emotional suffering became common among mobile Americans in the 20th century, and represented a(n) ____21____ from the past. In the 19th century, Americans of all groups, pioneers, soldiers and the millions of immigrants who streamed into the nation, loudly complained that moving was emotionally ____22____. Medical journals explored the condition, often referring to it by its clinical name: nostalgia (思乡).
Today, discussions of nostalgia are rare, for the emotion is typically regarded by individuals as an embarrassing block to progress and prosperity. The ____23____ makes mobility appear misleadingly easy.
Technology also tricks us into thinking that mobility is ____24____. The comforting vision of ____25____ offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential, since “one is always just a mouse click or a phone call away”.
But such a claim was ____26____ optimistic, for homesickness continued to hurt many who migrated. The ____27____ that phone calls and the Internet provide means that those away from home can know exactly what they are missing the exact moment and how it is happening. It gives the impression that one can be in two places at once but it also highlights the ____28____ of that assumption.
The persistence of homesickness points to the limitations of the universal philosophy that strengthens so much of our market and society. The idea that we can and should feel at home any place on the globe is based on a worldview that celebrates the independent, mobile individual and takes it for granted that men and women are easily separated from family, from home and from the past. But this view isn’t ____29____ our emotions, for our attachment to home, although often ____30____, is strong and enduring.
16．A．subject B．wealth C．vision D．exchange
17．A．transferred B．tied C．reduced D．bridged
18．A．globalized B．intense C．exporting D．degrading
19．A．transporting B．domestic C．psychological D．administrative
20．A．displaced B．suspected C．abused D．monitored
21．A．guidance B．emergency C．departure D．justification
22．A．misleading B．wearing C．resisting D．facilitating
23．A．silence B．restriction C．obstacle D．emotion
24．A．temporary B．traditional C．painless D．formal
25．A．priority B．alert C．connection D．privacy
26．A．overly B．ultimately C．critically D．narrowly
27．A．advancement B．suffering C．immediacy D．variety
28．A．impossibility B．diversity C．distraction D．scale
29．A．in line with B．in addition to C．in honor of D．in need of
30．A．distributed B．underestimated C．illustrated D．identified

【答案】
16．C    17．B    18．A    19．C    20．A    21．D    22．C    23．A    24．C    25．C    26．A    27．C    28．A    29．A    30．B

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是由于经济全球化，很多人不得不离开家，但是这给这些人带来了心理上的痛苦。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任何地方都有家的感觉，他们不需要被束缚在任何特定的地方。A. subject科目；B. wealth财富；C. vision视野，看法；D. exchange交换。根据上文“a belief that such mobility is possible”可知，句子表示“坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任何地方都有家的感觉”。故选C。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任何地方都有家的感觉，他们不需要被束缚在任何特定的地方。A. transferred转移；B. tied将……系在……上；C. reduced减少；D. bridged弥合（分歧）。根据上文“feel at home anywhere in the world”可知，坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任何地方都有家的感觉，他们不需要被束缚在任何特定的地方，be tied to意为“束缚于，捆绑于”。故选B。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种观点曾经被认为是工业化的负面产物，但现在被认为是全球化经济的核心。A. globalized全球化的；B. intense强烈的；C. exporting出口的；D. degrading贬低身份的。根据上文“move temporarily to another country in the hope of finding more profitable jobs”和下文economy可知，此处是指“这种观点曾经被认为是工业化的负面产物，但现在被认为是全球化经济的核心”。故选A。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它带来机会和利润，但也有很高的心理成本。A. transporting运输的；B. domestic国内的；C. psychological心理的；D. administrative管理的，行政的。根据下文“According to a long research into the emotions and experiences of immigrants (移民) and migrants, many people who leave home in search of better prospects can’t avoid feeling ____5____ although few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home”可知，它带来机会和利润，但也有很高的心理成本。故选C。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据一项针对移民和移民的情感和经历的长期研究，许多为了寻找更好前景而离开家园的人无法避免流离失所的感觉，尽管很少有人公开谈论离开家园的巨大痛苦。A. displaced无家可归的，流离失所的；B. suspected被怀疑的；C. abused被滥用的；D. monitored被监控的。根据上文“leave home”可知，许多为了寻找更好前景而离开家园的人无法避免流离失所的感觉。故选A。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种对情感痛苦的容忍在20世纪的流动美国人中变得很普遍，代表了来自过去的一种辩解。A. guidance指导；B. emergency紧急情况；C. departure离开；D. justification证明为正当，辩护。根据上文“Such tolerance of emotional suffering became common among mobile Americans in the 20th century”可知，这种对情感痛苦的容忍在20世纪的流动美国人中变得很普遍，代表了来自过去的对上文所说的人们的情绪的一种辩解。故选D。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在19世纪，所有群体的美国人，拓荒者、士兵和涌入美国的数百万移民，都大声抱怨搬家是一种情感上的抗拒。A. misleading误导的；B. wearing使人疲倦的，令人厌烦的；C. resisting抗拒的；D. facilitating便利的。根据上文“many people who leave home in search of better prospects can’t avoid feeling ____5____ although few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home”可知，所有群体的美国人，拓荒者、士兵和涌入美国的数百万移民，都大声抱怨搬家是他们在情感上抵抗的。故选C。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：沉默让流动显得误导性地容易。A. silence沉默；B. restriction限制；C. obstacle障碍；D. emotion情绪。根据上文“few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home”可知，沉默让流动显得误导性地容易。故选A。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科技也让我们误以为流动是无痛的。A. temporary暂时的；B. traditional传统的；C. painless无痛的；D. formal正式的。根据下文“The comforting vision of ____10____ offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential, since “one is always just a mouse click or a phone call away””可知，科技也让我们误以为移动是无痛的。故选C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科技带来的令人欣慰的联系让搬家变得不那么意义重大，因为“人们总是只需点击鼠标或打个电话”。A. priority优先事项，最重要的事；B. alert警报；C. connection连接，联系；D. privacy隐私。根据下文“offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential, since “one is always just a mouse click or a phone call away””可知，科技可以让人便于互相联系。故选C。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但这种说法过于乐观了，因为乡愁继续伤害着许多移民。A. overly过度地；B. ultimately最终；C. critically批判性地；D. narrowly勉强地。根据下文“for homesickness continued to hurt many”可知，这种说法过于乐观了，空格处意为“过度地”。故选A。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：电话和互联网提供的即时性意味着那些远离家的人可以确切地知道他们错过了什么，确切的时刻以及它是如何发生的。A. advancement前进；B. suffering痛苦；C. immediacy即时性；D. variety种类。根据下文“those away from home can know exactly what they are missing the exact moment and how it is happening”可知，电话和互联网提供的即时性意味着那些远离家的人可以确切地知道他们错过了什么，确切的时刻以及它是如何发生的。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它给人的印象是一个人可以同时出现在两个地方，但它也强调了这种假设的不可能性。A. impossibility不可能性；B. diversity多样性；C. distraction使人分心的事物；D. scale级别。根据上文“one can be in two places at once”可知，一个人不可能同时出现在两个地方，此处表示“它给人的印象是一个人可以同时出现在两个地方，但它也强调了这种假设的不可能性”。故选A。
29．考查固定短语辨析。句意：但这种观点并不符合我们的情感，因为我们对家的依恋，尽管经常被低估，却是强烈而持久的。A. in line with符合；B. in addition to除……之外（还有，也）；C. in honor of为了纪念；D. in need of需要。根据下文“for our attachment to home, although often ____15____, is strong and enduring”可知，这种观点并不符合我们的情感。故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这种观点并不符合我们的情感，因为我们对家的依恋，尽管经常被低估，却是强烈而持久的。A. distributed分发；B. underestimated低估；C. illustrated说明，阐明；D. identified鉴别。根据上文的“although”和下文的“strong and enduring”可知，此处表示“我们对家的依恋，尽管经常被低估，却是强烈而持久的”。故选B。


5月23日 今日心情：
完形填空篇之夹叙夹议文


考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
在一篇250词左右的短文中留出20/15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
既考查考生的英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运用语言的能力。
主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能力和生活常识运用能力。该题型分值高（30/15分，占整套试卷分数的20%/10%），区分度强，是考生分数最容易＂拉开距离＂的题型。



综观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考试题还会：
1. 文章基本控制在4—5段，250—300词，且趋于稳定。
2. 文章常见的结构特点：先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理；先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。


2．常考文体——夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议类文章通常采用叙议结合的写作方法，文章先进行叙述，然后再在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论，说明故事所蕴含的哲理或总结出作者的观点。阅读此类文章时，学生要重点关注议论的部分，从而总结出文章的主旨。

夹叙夹议类的完形填空特点：
1.事例→观点：先叙述一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己的看法或揭示生活的真理。
2.观点→事例：先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明。一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
3.观点→事例→观点：首先提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。


【典例1 2020·全国卷I】
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The ___41___ is obvious. If we ___42___ it is a door, they’ll want to go outside ___43___. It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the ___44___. But our insisting it’s ___45___ a window has kept them from ___46___ millions of requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll ___47___ and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a ___48___.I wonder if ___49___ should always tell the truth no matter the ____50____. I have a very strong ____51____ that the lie we’re telling is doing ____52____ damage to our children. Windows and doors have ____53____ metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in ____54____ they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and ____55____ opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just ____56____ it and wonder, ＂What if it isn’t a door?＂ That is, ＂What if it isn’t a ____57____ opportunity?＂
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the ____58____ is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just ____59____ repeatedly having to say, ＂No. We can’t go outside now.＂ Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t ____60____ to open them and walk through.
41. A. relief B. target C. reason D. case
42. A. admit B. believe C. mean D. realize
43. A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually
44. A. result B. danger C. method D. truth
45. A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly
46. A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting
47. A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out
48. A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact
49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers
50.A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences
51. A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt
52. A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral
53. A. traditional B. important C. double D. original
54. A. life B. time C. reply D. history
55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D. instead of
56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of
57. A. real B. Typical C. similar D. limited
58. A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret
59. A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept
60. A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend


【答案】
41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. D 56. B 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. C
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。
41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A. relief安慰； B. target目标；C. reason原因；D. case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。
42.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承认；B. believe相信；C. mean意味着；D. realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。
43.考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually逐步地；B. constantly不断地；C temporarily临时地；D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。
44.考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果；B. danger危险；C. method方法；D. truth真相。下文But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。故选D。
45.考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过；B. slightly轻微地；C. hardly几乎不；D. partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子们，所以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。
46.考查动名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. reviewing回顾；B. approving赞成；C. receiving收到；D. attempting尝试。根据millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。
47.考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up开始了解真相；D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。
48.考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. dream梦想；B. lie谎言；C. fantasy幻想；D. fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故选B。
49.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. parents父母；B. twins双胞胎；C. colleagues同事；D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。
50.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. restrictions限制；B. explanations解释；C. differences差异；D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。
51.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. demand要求；B. fear害怕；C. desire欲望；D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。
52.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. physical身体的；B biological生物的；C. spiritual心灵的；D. behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。
53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的； B. important重要的；C. double双重的；D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。
54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. life生活；B. time时间；C. reply回答；D. history历史。根据Then when
they come to other doors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。
55.考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with与……相比；B. in addition to除……之外；C. regardless of不管；D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。故选D。
56.考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. get hold of抓住；B. stare at凝视；C. knock on敲击（门、窗）；D. make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。
57.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？A. real真的；B. typical典型的；C. similar相似的；D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。故选A。
58.考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全守则；B. comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线；D. top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。故选C。
59.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”A. delay推迟；B. regret后悔；C. enjoy享受；D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。故选D。
60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他门时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫不犹豫的打开它们，然后走过去。A. hurry匆忙；B. decide决定；C. hesitate犹豫；D. intend打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。故选C。

【典例2 2019·全国卷I】
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire


【答案】DCCBA CDCAB DABDA CBDAB
【解析】文章讲述了乞力马扎罗山的特征以及与之相关的环境问题。
41.D
【解析】A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. connect联系；D. bring带来。句意：他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。
42.C
【解析】A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。
43.C
【解析】A. position位置；B. age年龄；C. face外貌，表面；D. name名字。句意：冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C选项切题。
44.B
【解析】A. silent沉默的；B. skepetical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。
45.A
【解析】A. discover发现；B. argue争论；C. decide决定；D. advocate提倡。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由“much has changed”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。
46.C
【解析】A. equipment装备；B. grass草；C. camps营地；D. stone石头。句意：我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。
47.D
【解析】A. remote遥远的；B. quiet安静的；C. tall高的；D. clean干净的。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知，营地里和路边都有厕所，所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。
48.C
【解析】A. new新的；B. special特殊的；C. significant重大的；D. necessary必要的。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失，这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。
49.A
【解析】A. paying off还清，报偿；B. spreading out伸展；C. blowing up爆炸；D. fading away逐渐消退。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A选项切题。
50.B
【解析】A. atmosphere氛围；B. experience经历；C. experiment实验；D. sight视力。句意：在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。
51.D
【解析】A. studied学习；B. observed观察；C. explored探索；D. regarded认为。句意：山被许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space”可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as被视为……。故D选项切题。
52.A
【解析】A. view景色；B. quality质量；C. reason原因；D. purpose目的。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也是明显的不同。故A选项切题。
53.B
【解析】A. scientists科学家；B. climbers登山者；C. locals当地人；D. officials官员。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色尤为明显。故A选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。
54.D
【解析】A. holding on to抓住；B. going back to回到（原来的话题）；C. living up to达到，履行；D. giving way to向……让步。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。故D选项切题。
55.A
【解析】A. changes改变；B. clears放晴；C. improves提高；D. permits允许。句意：再往上走，天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知，海拔变了，天气也是不同的，是变化的。故A选项切题。
56.C
【解析】A. match匹配；B. imagine想象；C. count数；D. add增加。句意：我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。
57.B
【解析】A. village村庄；B. desert沙漠，荒地；C. road马路；D. lake湖。句意：海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave, stones and rocks”可知，海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠。故B选项切题。
58.D
【解析】A. Obviously明显地；B. Easily容易地；C. Consequently结果；D. Finally最后地。句意：海拔4000米以上是高地荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故D选项切题。
59.A
【解析】A. permanent永久的；B. little小的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. artificial人造的。句意：很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic-like zone”可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。
60.B
【解析】A. enjoy享受；B. deserve值得；C. save挽救；D. acquire获得。句意：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰，以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故B选项切题。



（2022秋·广东东莞·高三阶段练习）I had just stopped by the local grocery store to pick up a few items. Only one ____26____ was working and the small store was almost empty. I ____27____ at her passage and waited while the guy in front of me was ____28____ a full cart of food. After payment, he put groceries back into his shopping cart and ____29____ if he could push the cart up to his ____30____ a quarter mile away, unpack it and bring it back. The cashier was ____31____ and wasn’t sure what to do. I spoke up then and said I’d be happy to give him a ____32____ .
We talked on the short trip to his home. He was new in town having just ____33____ here recently. And like all of us he was feeling the ____34____ of the high cost of living. I nodded _____35_____ , thinking to myself too, “The cost of living _____36_____ going up, but at least the cost of loving has stayed the same.”
If you spend your love helping others, sooner or later your heart would be empty like your _____37_____ . Thankfully, love doesn’t _____38_____ like that. When we share our love, it doesn’t _____39_____ . Instead, we find that we have even more love to share. Always remember the most _____40_____ thing on earth is FREE.
26．A．customer B．cashier C．manager D．driver
27．A．checked in B．turned around C．pulled up D．set off
28．A．exchanging B．packing C．hiding D．unloading
29．A．asked B．responded C．argued D．shouted
30．A．office B．apartment C．store D．shelter
31．A．cool B．new C．sensitive D．emotional
32．A．note B．gift C．lift D．tip
33．A．rested B．approached C．moved D．left
34．A．pressure B．relief C．privilege D．conflict
35．A．willingly B．jokingly C．knowingly D．convincingly
36．A．escapes B．keeps C．refuses D．suspends
37．A．pocket B．room C．store D．wallet
38．A．work B．survive C．spread D．gather
39．A．exist B．matter C．last D．decline
40．A．priceless B．traditional C．convenient D．comfortable

【答案】
26．B    27．C    28．D    29．A    30．B    31．B    32．C    33．C    34．A    35．C    36．B    37．D    38．A    39．D    40．A

【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在一家商店购物后免费送一名陌生人回家的故事，同时作者感悟到虽然生活充满压力，但是对于他人的关爱确是无价的。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了一个收银员正在工作这个小店几乎空无一人。A. customer顾客；B. cashier收银员；C. manager经理；D. driver司机。根据后文 “The cashier was ____6____ and wasn’t sure what to do.” 可知，此处考查原词复现，说明之前在店里工作的是一个收银员。故选B项。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我停在她的通道上，等着我前面那个男人取出满满的购物车里的东西。A. checked in登记；B. turned around转身；C. pulled up停下；D. set off出发。根据后文“waited while the guy in front of me was ____3____ a full cart of food.”可知，作者在结账的时候前面有一个男人在结账，所以作者就停在通道上等着排队结账。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我停在她的通道上，等着我前面那个男人取出满满的购物车里的东西。A. exchanging交换；B. packing打包；C. hiding隐藏；D. unloading取出。结合常识可知，在商店结账时需要把购物车里的东西取出来扫码才能付款，“取出”符合句意。故选D项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在支付完之后，他把杂物重新放到了他的购物车里，并且询问是否他可以推着购物车到他0.25英里外的公寓，卸下货物后把购物车带回来。A. asked询问；B. responded回答；C. argued争论；D. shouted喊叫。根据后文“if he could push the cart up to his ____5____ a quarter mile away, unpack it and bring it back.”可知，他想知道是否可以把商品推回家再送回购物车，推断出他是向收银员提出问题。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在支付完之后，他把杂物重新放到了他的购物车里，并且询问是否他可以推着购物车到他0.25英里外的公寓，卸下货物后把购物车带回来。A. office办公室；B. apartment公寓；C. store商店；D. shelter庇护所。根据后文“We talked on the short trip to his home.”可知，我们再去他家的路上谈话，推断出他买完东西是要回家，而“公寓”符合题意。故选B项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：收银员是新来的，她并不确定该怎么做。A. cool冷酷的；B. new新的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. emotional情感的。根据后文“and wasn’t sure what to do.”可知，收银员不知道要怎么办，推断出她应该是新来的对工作不熟悉。故选B项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时我说我很乐意开车送他一程。A. note笔记；B. gift礼物；C. lift搭车；D. tip秘诀。根据后文“We talked on the short trip to his home.”可知我们在去他家的途中交谈，推断出作者是开车送了男子，give sb a lift为固定搭配意为“开车送某人”，符合句意。故选C项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是最近刚刚搬到镇上的。A. rested休息；B. approached接近；C. moved搬家；D. left离开。根据前文“He was new in town”可知他是新来到镇上的，推断出他是刚刚搬到新的地方。故选C项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：并且像我们所有的人一样，他正感受着来自于生活高成本的压力。A. pressure压力；B. relief安慰；C. privilege荣幸；D. conflict冲突。根据后文“The cost of living ____11____ going up”可知，作者赞同年轻人的观点认为生活花费在不断上涨，推断出年轻人感受到来自高生活成本的压力。故选A项。
35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我表示理解地点点头，同时也想到了我自己的情况。A. willingly愿意地；B. jokingly开玩笑地；C. knowingly理解地；D. convincingly确信地。根据前文“I nodded”可知，作者对男子的话是理解的，所以才点头。故选C项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活的花费不断上涨，但是至少爱的代价没有改变。A. escapes逃脱；B. keeps    保持；C. refuses拒绝；D. suspends暂停。根据前文“And like all of us he was feeling the ____9____ of the high cost of living.”可知，年轻人和作者一样都感受到高生活成本的压力，推断出生活的花费不断上涨的。故选B项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你把你的爱花费在帮助别人身上，迟早你的心也会像你的钱包一样空。A. pocket口袋；B. room房间；C. store商店；D. wallet钱包。根据前文“If you spend your love helping others sooner or later your heart would be empty like your ____12____”可知，这里是比喻把花钱和花费在他人身上的爱相比较，根据常识可知爱是装在心里的而钱是装在钱包里的，如果装在心里的爱会花光那么装在钱包里的钱也会花光。故选D项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：得庆幸的是，爱并不是像那样作用的。A. work起作用；B. survive生存；C. spread传播；D. gather聚集。根据后文“Instead, we find that we have even more love to share.”可知，相反我们有更多的爱去分享说明之前认为对他人的关爱会像钱包里的钱一样花光的道理是不起作用的。故选A项。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们分享我们的爱，它并不会减少。A. exist存在；B. matter有关系；C. last持续；D. decline减少。根据后文“Instead, we find that we have even more love to share.”可知，前后句内容发生了转折，我们发现我们有更多的爱去分享，推断出当我们分享爱的时候爱是不会减少的。故选D项。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要记得地球上最无价的东西往往是免费的。A. priceless无价的；B. traditional传统的；C. convenient方便的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据上文“Instead, we find that we have even more love to share.”可知，爱是可以分享的同时爱也是免费的，它也在这个世界上是无价的。故选A项。


（2022秋·天津·高三天津实验中学校考阶段练习）I have been a member of an organization. This organization fights for the protection of ___41___ rights. As a result, we may ___42___ from special discounts and offers. ___43___, when we could get special charges on gas and electricity bills a year ago, I ___44___ to join a group and take advantage of lower ___45___ .
I must say that I felt quite ___46___ with their customer service, because there were no hard selling (硬性推销)practices. So when I got a ___47___ from them, summarizing their actions and the benefits I got thanks to them, I ___48___ to it. Though there was a field ___49___ one could ask about his/her file or ask a question, I wrote: I don’t have any ____50____ but here is some feedback (反馈) for you.
And I ____51____ the people and the team who worked hard and ____52____ their customers well. I said how I appreciated their ____53____ and the money that they had helped me save. The following day, the manager answered my letter and said that she had forwarded it to her ____54____ and she thanked me for my ____55____ words.
Sometimes, we take it for granted that everything has to be perfect for us and we ____56____ high quality prices and service. However, don’t ____57____ to thank those people who try to make this ____58____. More importantly, we are ____59____ to do it more often, as well. In other words, we ought to care for people who do care for us. ____60____ should it be a one-way-ticket relationship?
41．A．strangers’ B．employers’ C．producers’ D．consumers’
42．A．suffer B．benefit C．learn D．hear
43．A．Besides B．Instead C．Therefore D．However
44．A．decided B．used C．struggled D．had
45．A．qualities B．donations C．wages D．prices
46．A．disappointed B．satisfied C．familiar D．patient
47．A．call B．present C．letter D．report
48．A．replied B．referred C．turned D．wrote
49．A．which B．while C．unless D．where
50．A．complaint B．question C．suggestion D．comment
51．A．encouraged B．rewarded C．thanked D．comforted
52．A．served B．treated C．knew D．awarded
53．A．supports B．opinions C．strengths D．efforts
54．A．family B．team C．boss D．friend
55．A．exciting B．loud C．kind D．defending
56．A．expect B．get C．offer D．enjoy
57．A．ask B．promise C．fear D．forget
58．A．necessary B．possible C．normal D．natural
59．A．reminded B．allowed C．supposed D．forced
60．A．Why B．How C．When D．What

【答案】
41．D    42．B    43．C    44．A    45．D    46．B    47．C    48．A    49．D    50．B    51．C    52．A    53．D    54．B    55．C    56．A    57．D    58．B    59．C    60．A

【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，文章主要讲的是作者感受到他人恩惠之后所写的一封感谢信让他意识到：人与人之间需要相互关爱。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个组织为保护消费者权益而奋斗。A. strangers’ 陌生人的；B. employers’ 雇主的； C. producers’ 生产者的；D. consumers’消费者的。根据后文“As a result, we may ___2___ from special discounts and offers.”以及第二段 “with their customer service”可知这个组织的目标就是为了保护消费者的权益。故选D项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们可以从特别折扣和优惠中获益。A. suffer遭受；B. benefit获益；C. learn学会；D. hear听到。根据后文“___3___ , when we could get special charges on gas and electricity bills a year ago,”以及“So when I got a  ___7___ from them, summarizing their actions and the benefits I got thanks to them,”以及“I said how I appreciated their ___13___ and the money that they had helped me save.”可知从这个组织可以让消费者从特别折扣和优惠中获益。故选B项。
43．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，当一年前我们可以在燃气和电费上获得特别收费时，我决定加入一个团体从而享受较低的价格。A. Besides此外；B. Instead代替，反而；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。根据空前的“As a result, we may ___2___  from special discounts and offers.”以及“when we could get special charges on gas and electricity bills a year ago, I ___4___ to join a group and take advantage of lower ___5___ .”以及“I said how I appreciated their ___13___ and the money that they had helped me save.”可知我之所以决定加入一个团体来享受较低价格是因为这个组织可以让消费者从特别折扣和优惠中获益，空前后语意上是因果关系，应用副词therefore。故选C项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，当一年前我们可以在燃气和电费上获得特别收费时，我决定加入一个团体从而享受较低的价格。A. decided决定；B. used使用；C. struggled斗争；奋斗；D. had有。根据空前“___3___ , when we could get special charges on gas and electricity bills a year ago,”可知因为这个组织可以让消费者从特别折扣和优惠中获益，所以作者决定加入一个团体从而享受较低的价格。故选A项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，当一年前我们可以在燃气和电费上获得特别收费时，我决定加入一个团体从而享受较低的价格。A. qualities品质，质量；B. donations捐赠；C. wages工资；D. prices价格。根据前文“As a result, we may ___2___  from special discounts and offers.”以及后文“I said how I appreciated their ___13___ and the money that they had helped me save.”可知加入团体可以获得相对低的价格。故选D项。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我必须说我对他们的客户服务感到非常满意，因为没有硬性销售的做法。A. disappointed感到失望的；B. satisfied满意的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. patient耐心的。根据后文“because there were no hard selling (硬性推销)practices. So when I got a ___7___ from them, summarizing their actions and the benefits I got thanks to them, I ___8___ to it.”以及“And I ___11___ the people and the team who worked hard and  ___12___  their customers well. I said how I appreciated their ___13___ and the money that they had helped me save.”可知作者对于这个组织的客户服务是满意的。故选B项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我收到他们的来信，总结他们的行为和因为他们所给我带来的好处时，我回复了他们。A. call电话；B. present礼物；C. letter信；D. report报告。根据后文“from them, summarizing their actions and the benefits I got thanks to them, I ___8___ to it.”以及“The following day, the manager answered my letter and said that she had forwarded it to her ___14___ and she thanked me for my ___15___ words.”可知收到了一封这家组织的来信。故选C项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我收到他们的来信，总结他们的行为和因为他们给我带来的好处时，我回复了他们。A. replied答复；B. referred涉及，参考，提到；C. turned变得；D. wrote写。根据后文“The following day, the manager answered my letter and said that she had forwarded it to her ___14___ and she thanked me for my  ___15___ words.”可知我回复了对方的来信。故选A项。
49．考查定语从句引导词。句意：虽然有一个可以问关于他/她的文件问题或提出问题的信息栏，但我写道：我没有任何问题，而是有一些反馈给你们。A. which ……的那个；B. while尽管；C. unless除非；D. where在……的地方。根据空后“one could ask about his/her file or ask a question, I wrote: I don’t have any ___10___ but here is some feedback (反馈) for you.”可知此处是定语从句，先行词为a field，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选D项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一个可以问关于他/她的文件问题或提出问题的信息栏，但我写道：我没有任何问题，而是有一些反馈给你们。A. complaint抱怨；B. question询问；问题；C. suggestion建议；D. comment评论；注释。根据前文“Though there was a field ___9___ one could ask about his/her file or ask a question,”以及后文“And I ___11___ the people and the team who worked hard and ___12___ their customers well. I said how I appreciated their ___13___ and the money that they had helped me save.”可知，收到对方的来信后我并没有列举问题而是写出了对于这个组织的一些积极的反馈。故选B项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感谢工作努力、服务周到的员工和团队。A.encouraged鼓励；B. rewarded奖赏；C. thanked感谢；D. comforted安抚；安慰。根据后文“I said how I appreciated their ___13___ and the money that they had helped me save.”可知我回信向对方表达了我的感激。故选C项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感谢工作努力、服务周到的员工和团队。 A. served服务；B. treated对待；治疗，C. knew知道；D. awarded授予。根据后文“Sometimes, we take it for granted that everything has to be perfect for us and we ___16___  high quality prices and service.”可知我写信是要感谢这家组织所提供的优良服务。故选A项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意；我说我非常感谢他们的努力，感谢他们帮我省下的钱。A. support支持；B. opinions观点；C. strengths力气；D. efforts努力。根据前文 “This organization fights for the protection of ___1___ rights.”以及“And I ___11___ the people and the team who worked hard and ___12___ their customers well.”可知这家组织在努力为顾客的权益奋斗。故选D项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，经理给我回了信，说她已经把信转发给了她的团队，并对我的夸奖表示感谢。A. family家庭；B. team团队；C. boss老板；D. friend朋友。根据前文“And I ___11___ the people and the team who worked hard and  ___12___ their customers well. I said how I appreciated their ___13___ and the money that they had helped me save.”可知我写信感谢这家组织所为我做的一切，可以推测经理一定会将感谢信转给自己的团队成员们看。故选B项。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天，经理给我回了信，说她已经把信转发给了她的团队，并对我的夸奖表示感谢。A. exciting令人兴奋的；B. loud大声的；C. kind善良的；友好的；D. defending防御的。根据空前“I said how I appreciated their ___13___ and the money that they had helped me save.”可知因为从对方那里得到了良好的服务，所以作者写的信，其言辞是友善的。故选C项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们想当然地认为一切都是完美的，我们期待高质量的价格和服务。A. expect期望；B. get得到；C. offer主动提供；D. enjoy喜欢。根据空前“Sometimes, we take it for granted that everything has to be perfect for us and we”以及空后“high quality prices and service.”可知推断对于想当然地认为一切都是完美的人来说当然会期待好的服务。故选A项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，不要忘记感谢那些努力使这一切成为可能的人。A. ask询问；B. promise承诺；C. fear害怕；D. forget忘记。根据上文“And I ___11___ the people and the team who worked hard and ___12___  their customers well. I said how I appreciated their ___13___ and the money that they had helped me save.”以及后文“In other words, we ought to care for people who do care for us.”可知在作者看来我们不应该忘记对于那些努力使一切美好成为可能的人表示感谢。故选D项。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，不要忘记感谢那些努力使这一切成为可能的人。A. necessary必要的；B. possible可能的；C. normal正常的；D. natural自然的。根据上文“And I ___11___ the people and the team who worked hard and ___12___  their customers well. I said how I appreciated their ___13___ and the money that they had helped me save.”可知在作者看来因为有了一些人的努力一切都美好才会成为可能。故选B项。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我们也应该更经常地这样做。A. reminded提醒；B. allowed允许；C. supposed假定；认为；推断；D. forced强迫。根据空前的“However, don’t ___17___ to thank those people who try to make this ___18___ . More importantly, we are”以及空后的“to do it more often”，可知此处作者想说对于那些让一切美好成为可能的人来说我们应该经常表示感谢，短语be supposed to do意为“应该做某事”。故选C项。
60．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为什么这应该是一种单程票关系？A. Why为什么；B. How怎样；如何；C. When什么时候；D. What什么。根据前文“Sometimes, we take it for granted that everything has to be perfect for us and we ___16___ high quality prices and service.”以及“In other words, we ought to care for people who do care for us.”可知在作者看来对于那些让一切美好成为可能的人来说我们应该经常表示感谢，而不是单方面的认为一切都是理应如此，所以对于某些人的做法作者是不理解的。故选A项。





























5月24日 今日心情：
完形填空篇之说明文



考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
在一篇250词左右的短文中留出20/15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
既考查考生的英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运用语言的能力。
主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能力和生活常识运用能力。该题型分值高（30/15分，占整套试卷分数的20%/10%），区分度强，是考生分数最容易＂拉开距离＂的题型。


综观近几年的高考完形填空的考查走势，全国卷中的完形填空中，说明文类完形填空出现的几率很小。但是，我们也不能马虎，它们作为高考题型的重要补充，还是有可能考的。因此，说明文类完形填空也要进行一定量的练习。



说明文的特点：
1.文章多用一般现在时。说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用一般现在时。
2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述。说明文的目的是要帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实，易于理解，内容客观真实。
3.文章主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。


（2022·全国卷I）Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___1___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___2___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___3___.
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___4___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___5___ research results in child developmental psychology ___6___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___7___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___8___. We then asked the child if she could ___9___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ____10____ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ____11____ children said that they couldn’t ____12____ to her.
A number of ____13____ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ____14____ the questions and knew ____15____ what was asked of them. Their ____16____ to the questions reflected their true ____17____ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ____18____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ____19____ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ____20____ when others use it.
1. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
2. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
3. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
4. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
5. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
6. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
7. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
8. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
9. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
10. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
11. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
12. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
13. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
14. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
15. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
16. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
17. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
18. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
19. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
20. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”以及“Our 　　　19　　　 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。
11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A项。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
15. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。
16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
18. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D项。
20. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。



(2015年，安徽卷）In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 .
Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
1.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem
2.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products
3.A.face B.become C.observe D.change
4.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw
5.A.Thanks to B.As to C.Except for D.Regardless of
6.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful
7.A.love B.lack C.prevention D.division
8.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy
9.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends
10.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve
11.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes
12.A.tired of B.addicted to C.worried about D.ashamed for
13.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger
14.A.pick up B.pay for C.hold onto D.throw away
15.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences
16.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure
17.A.technology B.environment C.consumers D.brands
18.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile
19.A.by B.in favour of C.after D.instead of
20.A.spending B.collecting C.repairing D.advertising
【答案】DBBCA CADAC DBADD CBADA
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。
1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。A. key答案；B. reason原因；C. project项目；D. problem问题。根据上文In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.可知，此处指带来的问题。故选D。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。A. gifts礼物；B. rubbish垃圾；C. debt债务；D. products产品。根据下文中的throwing out more rubbish可知，此处指如山的垃圾。故选B。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们如何成为一个一次性的社会的？A. face面对；B. become成为；C. observe观察；D. change改变。根据语境可知，此处在问我们如何成为了一个一次性的社会。故选B。
4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，现在替换一个物体要比花时间和金钱来修复它更容易。A. hide隐藏；B. control控制；C. replace代替；D. withdraw撤退。根据下文than to spend time and money to repair it.可知，我们可以更容易地替换一个物体。故选C。
5.考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于现代制造业和技术，公司能够迅速而廉价地制造产品。A. Thanks to幸亏，由于； B. As to至于，关于；C. Except for除……之外；D. Regardless of不管，不顾。根据句意可知，此处表示原因。故选A。
6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：产品丰富多样并且廉价。A. safe安全的；B. funny滑稽可笑的；C. cheap便宜的；D. powerful强大的，强有力的。根据上文___5___ modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.可知，产品丰富多样并且廉价。故选C。
7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个原因是我们对一次性产品的喜爱。A. love爱；B. lack缺乏；C. prevention预防，阻止；D. division部门，分割。根据下文As ___8___ people, we are always looking for ___9___ to save time and make our lives easier.可知，我们喜爱一次性产品。故选A。
8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。A. sensitive敏感的；B. kind和蔼的；C. brave勇敢的；D. busy忙碌的。根据下文to save time and make our lives easier可知，忙碌的人总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选D。
9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。A. ways方法；B. places地方；C. jobs工作；D. friends朋友。根据语境可知，此处指我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选A。
10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品：纸盘子、塑料杯、照相机等等。A. donate捐赠；B. receive收到；C. produce生产；D. preserve保护，维持。根据语境可知，此处指公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品。故选C。
11.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们对新产品的需求也导致了这个问题。A. adapts to适应；改编；B. returns to返回；回复；C. responds to对……做出反应；D. contributes to有助于，导致。根据语境可知，此处指导致了这个问题。故选D。
12考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们热衷于购买新东西。A. tired of对……厌倦；B. addicted to对……上瘾，迷恋于……；C. worried about担心；D. ashamed for为……感到惭愧。根据上文Our appetite for new products also ___11___ to the problem.可知，我们热衷于购买新东西。故选B。
13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：广告说服我们，越新越好，我们会更乐于使用最新产品。A. newer更新的；B. stronger更强的；C. higher更高的；D. larger更大的。根据下文that we will be happier with the latest products.可知，广告说服我们，产品越新越好。故选A。
14.考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果是，我们扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。A. pick up捡起，学会；B. pay for付款；赔偿；C. hold onto紧紧抓住，抓住不放，保持住；D. throw away扔掉，丢弃。根据下文to make room for new ones.可知，此处指扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。故选D。
15.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在世界各地，我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果。A. advantages优势，优点；B. purposes目的；C. functions功能；D. consequences后果，结果。根据下文Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.可知，此处指一次性生活方式的后果。故选D。
16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少垃圾的数量和保护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。A. show显示，表明；B. record记录，记载；C. decrease减少；D. measure测量，权衡。根据下文more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知，此处指为了减少垃圾的数量。故选C。
17.考查名词词义辨析。句意：A. technology技术；B. environment环境；C. consumers消费者；D. brands品牌。根据下文more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知，此处指保护环境。故选B。
18.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不足以解决我们的问题。A. However可是，然而；B. Otherwise否则；C.Therefore所以；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据语境可知，前后是转折关系。故选A。
19.考查介词（短语）辨析。句意：我们需要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃。A. by通过；B. in favour of支持，赞成；C. after在……之后；D. instead of而不是。根据语境可知，前后是对比关系。故选D。
20.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还需要重新思考我们对消费的态度。A. spending消费；B. collecting收集；C. repairing修复；D. advertising作广告。根据语境可知，此处指重新思考我们对消费的态度。故选A。


Life comes in package. This package includes happiness and sorrow, failure and success, ____21____ and despair. Experiences in life ____22____ us new lessons and make us a better person. With each passing day we learn to ____23____ various situations.
Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on other’s face gives a certain level of ____24____ . Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind is happy without____25____ . We ____26____ the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is ____27____ due to death of a loved one, failure or despair. But these things are temporary (暂时的) and ____28____
Failure is the ____29____ to success. It teaches us to live and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. The only way to show our _____30_____ to God for giving success on us is by being humble, modest and _____31_____ to the less fortunate ones.
Hope is what keeps life going. Life teaches us not to despair even in the _____32_____hour. Nothing remains the same in life, and we have only one choice — to keep moving on in life and be _____33_____ .
Life teaches us not to _____34_____over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is _____35_____ , for it could either be bright or dull. So the only choice is work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.
21. A. potential B. depression C. hope D. loss
22. A. determine B. teach C. exchange D. challenge
23. A. regard B. approach C. feature D. handle
24. A. achievement B. amazement C. impression D. routine
25. A. confidence B. belief C. thoughts D. peace
26. A. measure B. escape C. seek D. realize
27. A. basically B. personally C. definitely D. occasionally
28. A. pay off B. smooth out C. pass away D. give away
29. A. recipe B. key C. enemy D. path
30. A. appreciation B. generosity C. inspiration D. attitude
31. A. sensitive B. respectful C. energetic D. passive
32. A. happiest B. shortest C. brightest D. darkest
33. A. helpful B. hopeful C. thankful D. meaningful
34. A. revise B. forget C. regret D. forgive
35. A. unworthy B. unknown C. unforgettable D. uncontrollable


【答案】
21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. A
28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了快乐与悲伤、成功与失败、希望与绝望真正的意义所在，为了明天更美好，今天就该好好努力。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个包裹里藏着快乐与悲伤、成功与失败，希望与绝望。A. potential潜力；B. depression抑郁，消沉；C. hope希望；D. loss损失。根据前文“happiness and sorrow, failure and success,”可知，and连接的前后两部分互为反义词，所以这里用despair(绝望)的反义词hope(希望)。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些经历给我们上了全新的课，让我们变得更好。A. determine决心；B. teach教；C. exchange交换；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“us new lessons”可知，此处指“教”我们新课程。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着每一天的过去，我们学会了处理各种各样的问题。A. regard把……视为；B. approach接近；C. feature以……为特色；D. handle处理。根据常识以及前文“learn”和后文“various situations”可知，此处指学会“处理”各种各样的问题。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：物质上的幸福是短暂的，但是通过给别人带来微笑而获得的幸福会带来一定程度的成就感。A. achievement成就；B. amazement惊诧；C. impression印象；D. routine常规。根据常识以及前文“happiness achieved by bringing a smile on other’s face”可知，这里指使别人快乐会给自己带来一定程度的成就感。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有平和的心态就没有快乐的心情。A. confidence信心；B. belief信仰；C. thoughts思想；D. peace和平，平静。根据前文“Peace of mind is the main link to happiness.”可知，此处指没有平和的心态就没有快乐心情。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在悲伤的时候，我们往往能体会到快乐的真正价值所在。A. measure衡量；B. escape逃跑；C. seek寻找；D. realize意识到，体会到。根据常识和后文“the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow”可知，越是悲伤的时候，我们能够体会到快乐的价值。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：悲伤从根本上来说都来自于一个爱人的去世、失败或者绝望。A. basically基本上，从根本上说；B. personally亲自地；C. definitely确切地；D. occasionally偶尔地。这里解释悲伤的根源，根据后文“death of a loved one, failure or despair”内容可知，这些都是引起悲伤的根本原因。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但这些都是暂时的，会过去的。A. pay off还清；B. smooth out消除；C. pass away去世，消失；D. give away赠送。根据前文“temporary”可知，这些是会过去的，会消失的。smooth out是及物动词短语，不符合语法，故排除。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：失败是通往成功的途径。A. recipe秘诀；B. key钥匙，关键；C. enemy敌人；D. path道路。根据常识以及后文“It teaches us to live and shows us a specific way.”可知，失败是通向成功的必经之路。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：感谢上帝赐予我们成功的唯一方式就是谦卑，谦虚，尊重那些不幸的人。A. appreciation欣赏，感激；B. generosity慷慨；C. inspiration灵感；D. attitude态度。根据后文“for giving success on us”可知，要对上帝给与我们的成功表达感激之情。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：感谢上帝赐予我们成功的唯一方式就是谦卑，谦虚，尊重那些不幸的人。A. sensitive敏感的；B. respectful尊敬的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. passive消极的。根据前文“humble, modest”可知，要那些不幸的人表示尊重。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：人生教会我们即使在最没有希望的时候都不要绝望。A. happiest最幸福的；B. shortest最短的；C. brightest最明亮的；D. darkest最黑的，最没有希望的。根据前文“Hope is what keeps life going”以及“Life teaches us not to despair”可知，此处指在最没有希望的时候也不要绝望，选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活中没有什么是一成不变的，我们惟有充满希望地继续生活。A. helpful有帮助的；B. hopeful有希望的；C. thankful感恩的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据前文“Hope is what keeps life going”可知，我们唯一的选择就是充满希望地继续生活。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人生教会我们不要对过去的事感到后悔，因为过去的终究是过去了并且我们已无法控制。A. revise修改；B. forget忘记；C. regret遗憾，后悔；D. forgive原谅。根据后文“for it has passed and is beyond our control”可知，我们不要为过去的事感到后悔。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：明天是未知的，因为它可能是光明的，也可能是乏味的。A. unworthy不值得的；B. unknown未知的；C. unforgettable难忘的；D. uncontrollable无法控制的。根据后文“for it could either be bright or dull”可知，明天是未知的。故选B项。


5月25日 今日心情：
语法填空篇


考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》明确指出：高中学生应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五个方面的内容。
考查考生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。

【考点统计】
2021--2022年近两年高考全国卷语法填空考点统计



考试
年份
试卷
名称
考查
体裁
主题
语境
文章话题
篇章
词数
命题考点
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
动词
非谓语
动词
名词
形容词、
副词
代词
数词
冠词
介词
连词
从句
2022
全国
甲卷
记叙文
人与
社会
古丝绸之路旅行
216
1
3
1
2
0
0
1
1
0
1
全国
乙卷
新闻
报道
人与
社会
庆祝第一个“国际茶日”
209
1
3
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
新高考卷I
说明文
人与自然
中国建立第一个国家熊猫公园
225
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
2021
全国
甲卷
记叙文
人与
社会
游览西安古城墙的经历
176
2
2
1
2
0
0
1
1
1
0
全国
乙卷
说明文
人与
自然
生态旅游
207
0
3
2
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
新高考全国I卷
夹叙夹议文
人与社会
爬黄山使我想起了披头士的歌曲《漫长而曲折的路》
206
1
2
1
2
1
0
1
0
1
1


作为高考新题型的语法填空试题，近年高考英语该题型具有下面这些特点：文章以记叙文和说明文为主，文章长度控制在190～220词，10道题中，有6～7个试题给出提示词(全国卷都是7个)，要求考生；考查的要点分为词法和语法两部分，词法部分包括：1)词类的转换，结合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形容词或副词变化；2)介词的固定搭配，名词的复数形式及运用；语法部分包括：时态和语态的综合运用，非谓语动词，各种从句等。




纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考试题还会：
1. 文体以记叙文、说明文为主；
2. 上下文语境提示3—4个，单词基本形式提示6—7个；
3. 侧重对词汇变形的考查。



给提示的空格：
一、提示词为动词
动词是历年高考的必考点。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态和主谓一致及虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词)和词形转换。

解题攻略
典例印证
第一步：确定是否作谓语
　首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。
第二步：若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
　(1)看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)；
(2)看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者)；
(3)看人称和数，确保主谓一致。
【典例】　(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao 67 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 68.highest mountain.
【分析】　第一步：确定填谓语。分析句子结构可知，walk在句中作谓语。
第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前的时间状语In the last five years可知，设空处应该用现在完成时；walk与主语Cao之间为主动关系；主语Cao为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。
自主解答　has walked


解题攻略
典例印证
第一步：确定是否作非谓语
若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语动词时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式
　(1)提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式；
(2)提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式；
(3)提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。
【典例】　(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ____________(hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
【分析】　第一步：提示词是动词，句中已有谓语动词decided，所以此处应考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步：分析句子成分可知，hold与被修饰词the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。
自主解答　held

二、 提示词为名词
1. 名词单复数：大部分是正常变化，但也要注意特殊的复数变形，比如“分析”这个单词analysis
的复数形式是analyses
2. 名词所有格：考虑是加’s还是s’
解题攻略
典例印证
第一步：确定是否作非谓语
若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语动词时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式
　(1)提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式；
(2)提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式；
(3)提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。
【典例】　(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ____________(hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
【分析】　第一步：提示词是动词，句中已有谓语动词decided，所以此处应考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步：分析句子成分可知，hold与被修饰词the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。
自主解答　held


三、 提示词为形容词或者副词
1. 比较等级：比较级、最高级
2. 词类转换：形容词变为副词、形容词变为名词等
快捷思维
典例印证
1.形容词、副词的词形转换
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词；
(2)若空处作定语、表语则应考虑用形容词形式；
(3)若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词形式；
(4)若空处在介词后，应考虑用名词作宾语。
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
2．(2022·全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ____________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
3．(2022·淄博市二模)Covering some 720，000 square meters and ____________ (official) known as the Palace Museum, it was home to royal families of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
4．(2022·辽宁省高三联考)These days, doctors are using a new approach to healing, which is called tapping. This approach combines ____________ (wise) from Chinese medicine with talk therapy (治疗).
2.形容词变副词的规则
(1)以-e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加-ly：immediate→immediately, brave→bravely。
(2)一些以-e结尾的形容词去e加-(l)y：true→truly, simple→simply, gentle→gently, possible→possibly。
(3)“辅音字母＋-y”结尾，变y为i，再加-ly：happy→happily, easy→easily。
(4)以-ic结尾的形容词加-ally：economic→economically, basic→basically。
5.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will ________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
6．(2022·连云港市第二次调研)This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are ____________ (wide) used.
7．(2022·抚顺市高三模拟)China has expressed an ambition to land people on the moon and ____________ (possible) build a scientific base there.
8．(2022·泉州市质量监测二)______ (similar)，instead of learning knowledge inside the classroom, students should be encouraged to take adventure outside and visit places where they can witness the development of their hometown.
3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①题目中有much、 far、 still、 even、 rather、 a little、 a bit、 a lot、 a great deal、 than等标志性词汇时用比较级；
②空后有表示范围的标志词in、 of、 among等时用最高级；
③空前有one of the等修饰词时，用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。
9.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________ (hot) the spring!
10．(2022·威海市高考模拟)As the benefits of space exploration and innovation become ____________ (well) known, increasingly more countries and non-governmental entities are interested in engaging in exploration and innovation.
11．(2022·连云港市模拟二)The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, which preserves almost one million seed samples, has one of the ____________ (large) collections.
12．(2022·大连市二模)But Japan, who lacked its own mineral resources, took the theme of a sustainable (可持续的) future ____________ (seriously) than others.

不给提示的空格：

一、考察点为定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句：考虑填which/that/who/whom/whose/where/when/why
2. 非限制性定语从句：考虑填which/who/whom/whose/where/when/why，就是不能考虑填that
具体的解题步骤为：
①首先，判断该空后面是不是一个句子。如果是句子，就确定用连词；否则就可能填介词或冠词；
②其次，判断该空前后句子的逻辑关系，再确定用哪个连词。语法填空是基于语篇的考查，因此准确理解上下文之间的逻辑关系至关重要；
③最后，判断该空所填词在句子中所充当的句子成分，这样有利于准确确定连词或引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。需要指出的是，在《张道真英语语法大全》一书中，引导定语从句的关系词也被称为从属连词。
快捷思维
典例印证
第一步：确定是定语从句
　分析句子结构，设空处无提示词，设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句的关系词。
1.(2022·1月浙江高考)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ____________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
2．(2022·山东省实验中学模拟)The app does this by monitoring their time ____________ the users go to sleep, which means that you will feel less sleepy when you wake up every morning.
第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
　在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。
(1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句；
(2)which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；
(3)as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
4．(2020·天津高考)____________ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
5．(2022·浙江镇海中学考前模拟)Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin's notebooks had been missing from their collection, one of ____________contains Darwin's “Tree of Life” sketch.
第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点，还是原因)
　(1)先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导；
(2)先行词指物用that/which/whose引导；
(3)表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。
6.(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang，____________lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
7．(2022·南京市考前训练一)An additional reason ____________ it can be so desirable is that it tends to come from resources that are free.
8．(2022·张家口市一模)This story about self-respect and self-love, ____________ characters are Chinese, is set in Europe.
第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词
　(1)缺少主语用that/which/who；
(2)缺少动词的宾语用that/which/who/whom；
(3)缺少介词的宾语用whom/which；
(4)缺少定语用whose；
(5)缺少时间、地点或原因状语时，分别用when、 where、 why。
9.(2022·连云港市模拟二)By doing this, they are reintroducing foods into the marketplace ____________ haven't been grown for years.
10．(2022·威海市高考模拟)The first space launch led to the first human space flight, ____________ led to the first moonwalk.
11．(2022·泰安市全真模拟)The Double Ninth Festival is also a time ____________ the chrysanthemum (菊花) blooms.
12．(2022·江西重点中学协作体联考)Nowadays an increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate their flower festival again, some of ____________， dressed in hanfu, a type of traditional Chinese costume, perform a series of ceremonies.

　并列连词——关系分析法＋句型法
当设空前后是两个并列成分，如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等，而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果等关系时，设空处一般填并列连词and、 but、 or、 so等。
快捷思维
典例印证
1.关系分析法
分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的连词有and、 both ...and ...、 not only ...but (also) ... 等；
(2)表示选择关系的连词有or、 either ... or ...、 neither ... nor ...等；
(3)表示转折或对比关系的连词有but、 while、 not ... but ...等；
(4)表示因果关系的连词有so、 for等；
(5)表示让步关系的连词有although、though和while等。
1.(2021·6月浙江高考)Although Mary loved flowers, ________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
2．(2022·河北衡水中学押题卷)For instance, you have to add ingredients in the correct order, ____________ cookies will be unpleasantly wet.
3．(2022·河北省适应性考试)The book creates a painting style that is both classical ____________ modern.
4．(2022·南京市考前训练二)Mack is in the middle of his A-levels, ____________ he is too impatient to finish the year, so he is taking a break from his studies to attempt the world record.
5．(2022·河北名校联盟高三调研)Getting that plastic out of the water again is nearly impossible，____________ policymakers should focus on preventing any more of it entering the oceans in the first place.
6．(2022· 郑州市模拟)____________ not everyone agrees, many doctors and scientists believe that gaming can be addictive. When that happens, it goes beyond simply wanting to play a little more.
2.句型法
(1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
(2)be doing sth when ...
正在做某事，那时……
be about to do sth when ...
正要做某事，那时……
had just done sth when ...
刚做完某事，那时……
hardly ... when ...一……就……
when it comes to (doing) sth 谈及……
7.(2022·滨州市二模)Still, eat well and enjoy yourself every day in life, ____________ you will get a worthwhile reward.
8．One day, the cow was eating grass ____________ it began to rain heavily.
9．Hardly had we arrived at the farm ____________ we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
10．Safety has long been an important concern for travelers ____________ it comes to deciding which destination to visit. But the idea of exactly what makes somewhere “safe” has changed significantly in recent years due to the global pandemic.

技法3　名词性从句——搞定名词性从句5方向
设空处无提示词，先确定主句主谓结构，再确定设空处和空后的内容在主句中充当的成分：主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
快捷思维
典例印证
方向1：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整
　分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分。
1.(2022·湖南省六校联考)She says that both Greece and China have rich cultures and traditions dating back to ancient times, and ____________ there is so much to learn from each other.
2．(2022·太原市模拟一)There is a general belief ____________ more Chinese people will enjoy the Spring Festival in space in the future.
方向2：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整
　分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导各种名词性从句，if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。
3.(2022·1月浙江高考)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ____________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
4．(2022·宝鸡市联考)But there is some debate over ____________ it was NOLA or Mobile, Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1700s.
方向3：从句中缺少主语/宾语/表语
　分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what、 who、 whom、 which、 whatever等。
5.(2022·临沂市一模)____________ they found is that as the repeats accumulated, the participants rated the sounds as being more tuneful.
6．(2022·深圳外国语学校第二次检测)“The tiger is ____________ stands for strength and energy in traditional Chinese culture.” Chen says, “We want to reflect tiger-related culture from various aspects.”
7．(2022·厦门市第四次质量检测)Libraries have evolved as the public's needs have changed. In fact, if you haven't visited your local public library for a while, you may be surprised at ____________ it now has to offer.
方向4：从句中缺少状语
　分析句子结构，从句中缺少状语(结合句意判断)，考虑用连接副词where (表示地点)、 when (表示时间)、 how (表示方式)、 why (表示原因)等。
8.(2022·常德市模拟)Rising up early also relieves stress and tension because it gives you the time to squeeze in a workout before you get distracted (分神). This is ____________ morning people tend to be healthier and happier.
9．(2022·淄博市二模)If a foundation is so huge, just imagine ____________ grand and tall the column above would be.
方向5：it用作形式主语的句型
　(1)It be＋adj.＋动词不定式短语；
(2)It be＋adj.＋主语从句；
(3)It be＋过去分词＋that从句；
(4)It be＋名词词组(a pity、 a surprise, good news)＋that从句。
10.(2022·南京市、盐城市二模)It's reported ____________ few couples complained when the COVID-19 forced Saudi Arabia to place some limitations.
11．(2022·连云港市第二次调研)It is assumed, for a person to be healthy, ____________ yin and yang forces should be in balance.
12．(2022· 嘉兴市模拟)In theory, a carbon price should be equal to the “social cost of carbon”. For example, if one ton of CO2 emissions costs the public $100, ____________ should cost $100 to emit that ton of CO2.

四、 考察点为冠词
3. 泛指：填a/an，主要看发音问题
4. 特指：填the
5. 固定搭配里面的冠词选择
解题攻略
典例印证
第一步：确定是否填冠词
首先，分析句子结构，看空后是否有名词。
第二步：判断特指还是泛指
(1)若空后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an；
(2)若发现空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the；
(3)看是不是固定搭配。
【典例】　(2022·全国甲卷)____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
【分析】　第一步：确定填冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后有名词friend of his，应用冠词修饰。
第二步：判断特指还是泛指。根据语境可知，此处表泛指，且friend的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。空处位于句首，注意首字母要大写。
自主解答　__A__
快捷思维
典例印证
考点1：不定冠词a/an
分析句子结构，发现空后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an。用不定冠词a/an的常考点：
(1)泛指一类人或物，表示概念“一”；
(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
1.(2022·雅礼中学模拟二)While eating is functional, and our bodies need the fuel that food provides, dining with friends or loved ones can be ____________ enjoyable experience. However, some of us often find ourselves reserving a table for one in a restaurant.
2．(2022·泰安市全真模拟)So enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum also becomes ____________ essential activity in this festival.
3．(2022·苏州八校三模)Deng joined the PLA Air Force in June 1984 and started training as ____________pilot at a flight college in Hebei Province.
考点2：定冠词the
分析句子结构，发现空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑用定冠词the。
用定冠词the的常考点：
(1)特指某人或某事；
(2)用在序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前以及有only、 very、 same等修饰的名词前；
(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前；
(4)用在西洋乐器名词前；
(5)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在几世纪几十年代”。
4.(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.To celebrate ____________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
5．(2022·连云港市模拟二)In ____________ 1920s and 1930s, he collected around 400，000 seeds from five continents.
6．(2022·安庆市二模)These 24 solar terms were soon absorbed into The Taichu calendar, the first well documented calendar in ____________ history of China.
7．(2022·襄阳五中适应性考试二)____________outside of buildings was decorated with stone lions, screen walls, decorative columns, as well as flowers.
考点3：固定搭配中的冠词
固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前用冠词。
(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中：
at the same time, on the contrary, to tell the truth, in the distance, make the most/best of, on the spot等；
(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中：
catch a cold, have a fever, all of a sudden, as a matter of fact, as a result, have a gift for, make a living, give sb a lift, have a good knowledge of等；
(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。
8.(2022·烟台市考前热身)That led to ____________ increasing number of Chinese brands joining the trend and creating a wave of China Chic.
9．(2022·滨州市二模)Olive oil has proven to lower the amount of bad cholesterol (胆固醇), which has ____________ positive impact on the body.
10．(2022·辽宁省辽南协作校三模)Although someone may hang up on you, don't stop on ____________ first try!
11．(2022·武汉市模拟)After 82 days, cycling ____________ total of 5，600 km, he finally got to Mount Qomolangma, passing through six provinces and regions.

五、 考察点为介词
1. 常见的介词选择：in/on/at/with/without/for/through/across/beyond/against/to/by
2. 固定搭配里面的介词选择
解题攻略
典例印证
第一步：确定是否填介词
　首先，分析句子结构，发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般填介词。
第二步：根据句意及固定搭配确定答案
　分析句子结构，发现设空处在名词前后时，应考虑名词与介词的搭配；
分析句子结构，发现设空处在不及物动词后名词前时，应考虑动词与介词的搭配；
分析句子结构，发现设空处在形容词后名词前时，应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。
【典例】　(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4，700 kilometers ____________ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
【分析】　第一步：确定填介词。分析句子成分可知，此处考查介词的固定搭配。
第二步：确定答案。句意：9月20日，他从西安飞了4，700公里到达喀什，计划在5个月内徒步返回西安。此处考查固定搭配from ...to ...，意为“从……到……”。
自主解答　from
快捷思维
典例印证
策略1：辨逻辑，联想恰当介词
(1)表示时间的in、 on和at
①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等；
②on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；
③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。
1.(2022·厦门市第四次质量检测)____________the convenience of the Internet, people still enjoy visiting libraries.
2．(2022·泰安市全真模拟)In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival ____________ Seniors' Day.
(2)表示交通方式的by和on/in
①by后可直接跟涉及或不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词；
②on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
(3)表示“用……”的by、 in和with
①by表示“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式；
②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；
③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。
(4)of表示“……的”
“of＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词。
(5)as 表示“作为”。
(6)from 表示“自， 从”。
(7)despite/in spite of表示 “尽管”。
3.(2022·山东省实验中学模拟)In addition, SLEEP IF YOU CAN will also give you the latest weather conditions so that you can decide whether to take an umbrella ____________ you before leaving home.
4．(2022·辽宁省模拟一)Wild tiger numbers have dropped ____________ more than 95% since the beginning of the 20th century.
5．(2022·襄阳五中适应性考试二)Ancient architecture in China stands out ____________ its fine wooden structures, the elegant outside and beautiful decoration.
6．(2022·河北省高三学生全过程纵向评价)The US space agency NASA is set to launch a new Martian vehicle, named Perseverance, ____________ July 30.
策略2：抓核心词，联想适当搭配
(1)与动词搭配
remind sb of sth　　　　提醒某人某事
compete for sth with sb 为某物与某人竞争
go back to/date from 追溯到
exchange ... for ... 用……交换……
come about 发生
search for 寻找
account for 占……比例；说明……的原因
belong to 属于
relate to 与……有关
put sth into practice 实施某事(物)
bear sth in mind 记住某事(物)
(2)介词短语搭配
by accident 偶然
in trouble 陷入困境，陷入麻烦
in honour of 为了纪念
in turn 依次，转而
in return 作为报答
at risk 处于危险中
on board 乘(飞机、船)
on average 平均
in advance 提前
on the contrary 相反
on earth 在世界上；究竟到底
not ... until 直到……才
(3)形容词与介词搭配
be curious about ... 对……感到好奇
be associated with ... 与……有关
be rich in ... 在……方面丰富
be similar to ... 与……相似
be famous for ... 因……而著名
7.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve ____________ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
8．To help, experts and fellow parents have offered choices on how to navigate kids' life home alone. For kids aged ____________ 10 and 12, cooking competitions with family members are fun.
9．(2022·烟台市考前热身)China Chic has changed from a consumption trend ____________ a cultural phenomenon and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games are a good example of why young people embrace it.
10．(2022·济南市模拟)The parents of the community are hoping that the city will create school-friendly bikeways that are separated ____________ the main road.
11．(2022·沈阳市教学质量监测三)By building its own space station, China will expand its scientific reach, and China's space exploration program is also open ____________ other developing countries.
12．(2022·鞍山市第二次监测)He owed the change ____________ the country's confidence in its culture.
13．(2022·辽宁省部分重点中学协作体模拟)There are a number of things we can do by learning a few life-saving skills for conditions ____________ our control.
14．(2022·孝感市模拟)But they should bear ____________ mind that it is their knowledge, skills as well as experience that matter a lot.
15．(2022·河北省高考适应性考试)At the London Book Fair on Tuesday, Chinese children's bestsellers staged a brainstorming event on how to bring Chinese-themed books ____________ the world audience.
16．(2022·湖南省百所学校联考)Industry experts have estimated that protection and reduction efforts to deal with space junk account ____________ about 5－10 percent of satellite mission costs.

六、 考察点为代词
1. 人称代词主/宾格、形容词性和名词性物主代词、指示代词that/those、反身代词oneself
2. 形式主语和形式宾语it
解题攻略
典例印证
第一步：确定是否填代词
　无提示词时，如果设空处在句中作主语或宾语，则应该填代词。
第二步：判断填哪个代词
　无提示词时，代词考查的三种情况：①指代上文提到的人或物；②作形式主语或形式宾语的it；③引起强调句(It is/was ...that ...)的it。在无提示词的情况下，高考代词的考查多为后两种情况。
【典例】　(2022·郑州市模拟)Along the way, Dalio discovered a set of unique principles that have led to Bridgewater's extremely effective culture. ________ is these principles, and not anything special about Dalio that he believes are the reasons behind his success.
【分析】　第一步：确定填代词。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，因此本空应该填代词。
第二步：判断填哪个代词。本句的主干是．..is these principles ...that ...are ...，本句表述的核心是These principles are the reasons behind his success (这些原则是他成功背后的原因)。很明显，这是一个强调句型。
自主解答　It
快捷思维
典例印证
策略1：句意清，指代明
无提示词类填空，当句中缺少主语或宾语时， 一般要填代词，主要包括不定代词和it。
(1)如果空处上文出现了单数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据代指的情况用he、 she或it；
(2)如果空处上文出现了单数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据代指的情况用him、 her或it；
(3)如果空处上文出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语，用they；
(4)如果空处上文出现了复数名词，并且空处作宾语，用them。
1.(2022·泰安市三模)While many called this region the Southern Ocean, some scientists called ____________ the Antarctic Ocean, others said Austral Ocean.
2．(2022·唐山市一模)It will take some time to popularize the new travel trend and the prices must remain competitive to ensure that regular tourists can afford ________．
3．(2022·广东省联考)To this climate phenomenon, there is a folk saying that ____________ will rain when the dragon raise its head.
4．(2022·广州市综合测试二)In such festivals, people create projects and present ____________ to judges. There are two rules: the project must be made of food, and it must be based on a book.
策略2：熟记不定代词的区别
(1)another泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数；
(2)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：some ...others ...；
(3)the other指两者中的另一个，表示特指；
(4)that指代上文出现的单数名词或不可数名词；
(5)those指代上文出现的复数名词。
5.(2022·苏州八校三模)After graduation he began to take part in the PLA Air Force's selection of astronaut candidates and was finally selected with ____________ 13 male aviators (飞行员)．
6．(2022·鞍山市第二次监测)He said the concept of the 2022 opening ceremony was totally different from ____________ of the 2008 Summer Games.
7．(2022·广州市综合测试二)Some people love to read books. They can't get enough of the printed word. ____________ have a big appetite for making and eating food.
策略3：it的用法
(1)指代天气、时间、距离等；
(2)代替上文提到过的事物；
(3)it可作形式主语或形式宾语；
(4)it常用的固定句型：
①It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他
正是……某事(物)/某人才……
②It＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb to do sth
对某人来说做某事是……的
③It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth
做某事不好/没用/浪费时间
④sb hates/likes/enjoys it that ...
某人讨厌/喜欢……
⑤when it comes to ...当谈到……
⑥as sb puts it 正如某人所言
⑦make it成功
8.(2022·名校联盟高三大联考)“China's successful conservation of giant pandas shows ____________ can be achieved with joint efforts，” he continued.
9．(2022·沈阳二中第二次模拟)If they had had any knowledge of Yuan who worked devotedly for our country, they wouldn't have made such pessimistic evaluations. Why did the Chinese people make ____________？
10．(2022·湖北省八市联考)Also, the lecture is an eye-opener and I actually have developed an appreciation of the devotion and hard work ____________ takes to create art.
11．(2022·日照市一模)Well, ____________ turns out that there's an answer to this cute spring phenomenon.
12．(2022· 兰州市模拟)The heads of FIFA wanted to hold a tournament (联赛) in 1906. But __________ never took place. Why? Because none of the teams sent in an application to play!
13．(2022· 天一大联考)It is clear that it was in 1944 ____________ an Arkansas school teacher, Mattye White Woodridge, wrote to politicians and educational professionals about the demand for a day to appreciate teachers.



【典例1 2022高考全国甲卷】
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 61 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 62 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 63 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 64 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years, Cao 67 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 68 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers 69 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 70 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案与解析
61. to journey 此处考查非谓语动词。step 是抽象名词，表示一种计划或打算，并且前面有 the first 修饰，因此应用不定式作它的后置定语。
62. who 此处考查定语从句关系代词。根据句子结构可知，空白处所在句子为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the man Cao Shengkang，应用关系代词 who。
63. held 此处考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，InternationalCooperation 与 hold 在逻辑上为被动关系，因此该空应填 hold 的过去分词形式。
64. A 此处考查冠词。根据空后内容可知，只提到了一位朋友 Wu Fan，且泛指“一位朋友”，因此应填不定冠词 A 修饰 friend。
65. protection 此处考查词性转换。根据空前内容可知，environmental 为形容词，形容词修饰名词，因此该空应填 protect 的名词形式。
66. meaningful 此处考查词性转换。make sb / sth + adj 为固定搭配，表示“使得某人或某物……”，因此该空应该填 meaning 的形容词形式。
67. has walked 此处考查现在完成时。根据空前 In the last five years 可知，主语完成动作的时间在一段范围内，因此该空应用现在完成时态。
68. highest 此处考查形容词最高级。根据空前内容可知该处说的是乞力马扎罗山，它是非洲最高峰，因此该空应填 high 的最高级形式。
69. from 此处考查介词。from ... to ... 表示“从……到……”，此处表示“从西安到喀什”。
70. planning 此处考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处为动词-ing 形式作伴随状语，主语 He 和 plan 是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此该空应填planning。
【典例2 2022高考全国乙卷】
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 (large) tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66 (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion — Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68 (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 70 (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.

答案与解析
61. by which 指代 International Tea Day，根据 was named 和 the UnitedNations 可知此处表示被动关系，应用介词 by，即国际茶日的名称是由联合国命名的。
62. the 此处考查定冠词的用法。此处 festival 特指第一届国际茶日，故用定冠词 the 表特指。
63. addressed 根据本段最后一句中的 said 可知，此处应用一般过去时。
64. largest 在三者或三者以上的人或事物之间进行比较时，要用形容词的最高级形式。文中指的是中国是世界上茶叶产量最大的国家，故应用 large的最高级形式。
65. responsibility 根据空白处前面的不定冠词 a 可知，空白处需要填入一个名词。
66. shared share 和 future 在逻辑上是动宾关系，所以填 shared。
67. and international cooperation 和 cultural exchanges 是并列关系，所以填 and。
68. To strengthen 加强与青少年的联系是此次活动的目的之一，所以空白处填动词不定式。
69. inviting 本句的谓语是 included，此处应该用非谓语形式，inviting …broadcasts 是现在分词短语作方式状语。
70. its it 指代前面提到的 The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum，由后面的 first exhibition 可知，此处要填形容词性物主代词 its。
【典例3 2022新高考全国I卷】
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). 56 (cover) an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species (物种)，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.

答案与解析
56. Covering 此处考查非谓语动词。... Yellowstone National Park 在句中作状语，主语 the GPNP 与动词 cover 为主动关系，因此此处应填动词-ing 形式 covering。
57. the 此处考查冠词。times 在此表示“倍数”，常用于“A + be + 倍数 + thesize / height / length ... + of + B”结构，表示“A 是 B 的……倍”，故此处应用定冠词 the。
58. were 此处考查谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空白处缺少定语从句中的谓语动词，先行词是 areas，又因空后为 previously（以前，先前），故此处应用一般过去时的复数形式 were，表示过去某个时间存在的状态。
59. to increase 此处考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示“为了提高”。句意为：该计划将把保护范围扩大到很多以前未受保护的区域，这样许多现有的大熊猫保护区就被纳入了统一管理，从而能提高效率，减少管理混乱。
60. is designed 此处考查谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，因主语 the GPNP 与动词 design 之间为动宾关系，且句子陈述的是现在的状态，因此此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
61. and 此处考查并列连词。此处 protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones 和 leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations是四个并列成分，都作 the guiding principle of 中介词 of 的宾语，故用连词and。
62. populations 此处考查名词复数。本句中 population 表示“某领域的生物，族群”，是可数名词，再根据空后的并列成分 homes 可知，此处应填population 的复数形式。
63. eventually 此处考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词achieve，故应填 eventually，意为“最后，终于”。
64. as 此处考查介词。serve as 为固定搭配，意为“充当 / 担任……”，故填介词 as。umbrella species 意为“伞护种”，伞护种指其生存环境可以满足很多其他物种要求的物种，如果伞护种的生存环境得到保护，其他物种也能享受到相应的保护。
65. that 此处考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，此处缺少定语从句关系代词，它在句中作主语，先行词由 all 修饰时，关系词一般用 that。


（2023年四省联考）The government has awarded $5 million to three different local nonprofit organizations. The money will ____1____(distribute) over a four-year period and is aimed at helping approximately 1, 000 homeless people in the county of Arvada.
One agency, ____2____(base) in Woodbridge, is expected ____3____(receive) $1. 5 million. The agency director says that they will focus their resources on ____4____(educate) the homeless. “We will probably build another school-home with this money,” he said. “A school-home is exactly ____5____ it sounds like. It is a school and a home. We have already built four school-homes throughout the county. We get the homeless off the street, ____6____ we educate them so they don’t have to return to the street. We teach them how to be gardeners, painters, carpenters, bricklayers, electricians, and air-conditioning repairmen.”
“You wouldn’t believe ____7____ success that we have had. In fact, a couple of weeks ago, our office air-conditioning went out. My secretary called a repairman. To our surprise, the repairman ____8____(be) one of our first homeless students. He now owns his own air-conditioning business, plus two houses, two cars and a boat! He has a dozen employees. He’s doing better than I am. He fixed our air-conditioning ____9____ free. I think I might sign up for the air-conditioning class _____10_____(I). ”
【答案】
1．be distributed    2．based    3．to receive    4．educating    5．what    6．and    7．the    8．was    9．for    10．myself

【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了政府向当地非营利组织奖励了500万美元，这些钱将被用来帮助无家可归的人，文章还具体讲述了一家非盈利组织救助无家可归者采取的措施以及取得的成功。
1．考查动词时态语态。句意：这笔钱将在四年时间内分发，目的是帮助阿瓦达县大约1000名无家可归的人。分析句子可知，distribute和will构成谓语动词，与主语The money是被动关系，空前有助动词will，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故填be distributed。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：一家机构，总部在Woodbridge，预计将获得150万美元。分析句子可知，“(base) in Woodbridge”作定语，base与One agency是被动关系，故用过去分词，故填based。
3．考查不定式。句意同上。be expected to do sth.“被预计……”，用不定式作主语补足语，故填to receive。
4．考查动名词。句意：该机构负责人表示，他们将把资源集中在教育无家可归者上。介词后接动名词作宾语，故填educating。
5．考查表语从句。句意：一所“学校之家”就是它听起来的样子。分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，从句like是介词，缺少宾语，指物，用从属连词what引导表语从句，故填what。
6．考查连词。句意：我们让无家可归的人离开街头，我们教育他们，这样他们就不必回到街头。根据句意并分析句子可知，空处用连词连接两个句子，前后文是顺承关系，故填and。
7．考查冠词。句意：你不会相信我们已经取得的成功。修饰名词用冠词，根据句意此处特指“我们已经取得的成功”，故填the。
8．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：令我们吃惊的是，那个修理工是我们第一批无家可归的学生之一。根据上文的“a couple of weeks ago”可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，且主语the repairman是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填was。
9．考查介词。句意：他免费修理了我们的空调。for free“免费地”是固定短语，根据句意，故填for。
10．考查代词。句意：我想我也可以自己报名参加空调课。分析句子并根据句意可知，空处与主语指同一人，故用反身代词作状语，故填myself。



第一篇：
（2023春·四川绵阳·高三四川省绵阳南山中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 2-year-old girl has been rescued from a collapsed building nearly 91 hours after a devastating earthquake hit the ____31____ (coast) Turkish city of Izmir on Friday. Rescuers found Ayda Gezgin next to a dishwasher, ____32____ apparently shielded her from the impact of the damage. Because of ____33____ (lie) in the space called “life triangle”, she survived the terrible earthquake and was lucky to be found by rescuers. Ayda called out for her mother when ____34____ (carry) to an ambulance. “Mom. I want my mom,” she said. ____35____ (unfortunate), rescuers discovered Ayda’s mother’s dead body just hours after the girl’s rescue.
“We heard her voice. We asked her what her name is. She said, ‘I’m fine.’ We asked her to wave her hand and she did,” rescue worker Nusret Aksoy said. The video of the search efforts showed rescue workers crying, praying and clapping as the 2-year-old was pulled from the rubble and ____36____ (wrap) in a blanket.
Ayda, who will turn 3 years old next month, appeared ____37____ (wake) and responsive. Rescue workers said the girl asked for water and Ayran, ____38____ Turkish yogurt drink popular with children. Ayda’s father was not in the building during the quake. He ____39____ (guide) rescue workers through his family’s destroyed home when the rescue happened. Rescue efforts are still going _____40_____ at five of the 17 collapsed building sites in Izmir.

【答案】
31．coastal    32．which    33．lying    34．carried    35．Unfortunately    36．wrapped##was wrapped    37．awake    38．a    39．was guiding    40．on

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2岁女孩艾达在地震发生91小时后被救的情况。
31．考查形容词。句意：周五，土耳其沿海城市伊兹密尔发生毁灭性地震，近91小时后，一名2岁女孩从倒塌的建筑物中被救出。空格处修饰名词city，此处表示“沿海的(城市)”，需用形容词。故填coastal。
32．考查定语从句。句意：救援人员在一台洗碗机旁发现了艾达·盖兹金，显然是洗碗机保护了她免受损坏的影响。分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为dishwasher，指物，从句中缺少主语，此处需用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。
33．考查动名词。句意：因为躺在被称为“生命三角”的空间里，她在可怕的地震中幸存下来，并幸运地被救援人员发现。空格处作介词of的宾语，需用动名词形式。故填lying。
34．考查动词时态和语态。句意：艾达被抬上救护车时大声呼喊她的母亲。分析句子可知，carry是从句中谓语动词，与省略的主语Ayda之间为被动关系，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，应用一般过去时的被动语态Ayda was carrird；又因从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词was，符合状语从句省略条件，可省略主语和系动词，用carried。故填carried。
35．考查副词。句意：不幸的是，救援人员在艾达获救几小时后发现了她母亲的尸体。空格处修饰整句话，需用副词，根据句意可知，此处为“不幸地”。故填Unfortunately。
36．考查动词时态和语态。句意：搜索工作的视频显示，当这个两岁的孩子被从废墟中拖出来，用毯子包裹起来时，救援人员们为此哭泣、祈祷和鼓掌。提示词wrap和and之前的谓语动词was pulled是并列关系，与主语the 2-year-old之间是被动关系，也应用一般过去时的被动语态，用was wrapped或省略助动词was避免重复。 故填wrapped/was wrapped。
37．考查形容词。句意：艾达下个月就满3岁了，她看起来很清醒，反应也很灵敏。appeared 是系动词，意为“看起来……”后接形容词作表语，表示“清醒的，醒着的”用形容词awake。故填awake。
38．考查冠词。句意：救援人员说，这名女孩要了水和Ayran，一种很受孩子们欢迎的土耳其酸奶饮料。空格处修饰名词短语Turkish yogurt drink，表示“一种土耳其的优酸乳饮料”，泛指，Turkish以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
39．考查动词时态。句意：救援发生时，他正在引导救援人员穿过他家被毁的房子。分析句子可知，guide是主句中谓语动词，根据句意和状语从句when the rescue happened可知，表示当时正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时。故填was guiding。
40．考查介词。句意：伊兹密尔17个倒塌建筑工地中的5个仍在继续进行救援工作。此处表示“救援工作继续进行”，短语go on 意为“继续”，此处缺少介词on。故填on。

第二篇：
（2023·广东汕头·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My first visit to China
I was really excited when I ____41____ (offer) the opportunity to go to Guangzhou in China for my work and I spent a lot of time visiting schools and observing lessons. The schools I visited were all ____42____ (good) equipped with computers, video screens and interactive whiteboards in most of the rooms. The buildings were ____43____ good condition and there were spaces for the children to play badminton or basketball.
I noticed some interesting differences in the school routine. When it was time for a class to begin or end, music was played on the intercom. I thought this was a really nice idea. There were also short breaks for eye exercises with music ____44____ (play) on the intercom. This was something I had never seen ____45____ heard of before so I was very interested in it. In some of the schools I visited, the habit of ____46____ (take) a nap at lunchtime is something I really like. The schools made us ____47____ (feel) very welcome and the children took great interest in us. They were very keen to practise their English and ask us questions. The pupils seemed to be very ____48____(enthusiasm) about their English classes.
I really enjoyed my 10 days in China. It was a great experience and opened my eyes to a very different culture. In some ways it was better to be there on work than as a tourist. You learn something about people’s everyday ____49____ (life). If you go on work I think you learn more about the real culture of a place because you can see normal people doing normal things in normal places. _____50_____, next time I go to China I would like to spend some time as a tourist rather than working all the time.

【答案】
41．was offered    42．well    43．in    44．played    45．or    46．taking    47．feel    48．enthusiastic    49．lives    50．However

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去广州参观学校和观察课程和经历。
41．考查时态语态。句意：当我有机会去中国广州时，我真的很兴奋，我花了很多时间参观学校和观察课程。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文was可知，为一般过去时的被动语态。故填was offered。
42．考查副词。句意：我参观的学校都配备了电脑、视频屏幕和大部分房间的互动白板。修饰动词equipped，应用副词well，作状语。故填well。
43．考查介词。句意：这些建筑状况良好，有地方让孩子们打羽毛球或篮球。固定短语be in good condition表示“状况良好”。故填in。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：还有短暂的休息时间，通过对讲机播放音乐进行视力锻炼。此处为with的复合结构，music与play构成被动关系，应用过去分词，表被。故填played。
45．考查连词。句意：这是我以前从未见过或听说过的东西，所以我对它很感兴趣。此处为否定句，表示“或者”应用连词or。故填or。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我参观过的一些学校，午饭时间小睡的习惯是我真正喜欢的。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填taking。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：学校让我们感到很受欢迎，孩子们对我们很感兴趣。固定短语make sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，故填feel。
48．考查形容词。句意：学生们似乎对英语课很感兴趣。作表语，应用形容词enthusiastic。故填enthusiastic。
49．考查名词复数。句意：你了解了人们的日常生活。life为可数名词，根据上文people可知，应用复数形式。故填lives。
50．考查副词。句意：然而，下次我去中国时，我想花一些时间去旅游，而不是一直工作。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，由逗号隔开，应用however，句首单词首字母要大写。故填However。



5月26日 今日心情：
完形填空之高频词汇篇


完形填空作为高考一种综合性非常强的题目，考察范围宽广且难度梯度设置可变性较强。要在该部分获得高分，除了掌握必要的做题技巧之外，还需要了解高考完形填空常考的高频词汇。



高考英语完形填空高频词汇
易考的近义词组
run/ manage grow/ plant leave/remain fit/ suit/ match
hit/ beat/strike meet/ satisfy touch /feel play /performer
contain/ hold /seat/ fill lie/sit/locate help/work/ do
fall/ sink/ drop matter/ problem /trouble/ money/ account
cause/ reason that’s why/ that’s because because/ since,as/ for
last/ continue keep/ stay/ treat/ cure/ operate separate/ divide
stand/ bear/tolerate/hold turn/become/go change/vary/range
provide/supply/offer/ give/send

动词类：
1“看” observe为了研究进行的观察; catch sight of看见
stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看 glance瞅见 glimpse瞥见
2“说” whisper sth to sb 耳语 inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 bargain讨价还价
debate辩论 announce 公布 complain抱怨
declare宣布 claim自称 mention 提起 admit 承认 deny 否绝
3“叫” scream尖叫 moan呻吟 sigh叹气 quarrel大吵
4“问” express表达 question审问
5“答” respond回应 reply回复
6 “听” pick up收听 overhear无意听到
7“写” dictate听写 drop a line 写信 take down/write down写下，记下
8“拿/放” hold举着 fetch拿来拿去 lift举 lay 铺/放置 pull拉 push推
9“抓” take hold of 抓着 seize紧抓 grasp 握住 scratch 抠
10“打” hit一次性的打击 beat不间断的打击 strike突然的击打/突然想到
11“扔” throw扔 drop掉; 放弃
12“送” send寄送 deliver递送 see sb off给某人送行
13“摸/抱” fold折叠 embrace拥抱 hug抱
14“踢/碰” kick踢 knock敲 tip 轻敲
15“行” skip 单腿跳 slip溜 crawl 匍匐前进
16“坐” stand站，耸立/ lean斜靠
17“睡/休息” take a nap打盹 turn over翻身 rest
18“笑” burst into laughter burst out laughing
19“哭” shed tears 留泪 weep呜咽地哭 sob抽泣 burst into tears /burst out crying
20“找/查” discover/explore 发现 seek for寻找 in search of寻找
examine 考察发现问题/体检 inspect视察
21“穿” make-up化装 take off 脱 remove 去除
22“吃/喝” sip吮吸 toast 祝酒 help oneself to 随便吃
23“得” obtain acquire获得知识和技能 gain possess
24“失” die out 灭绝 die away 逐渐消失
25“有 occupy占有=possess 拥有
26“无” disappear be gone
27“增/减” rise / go up /raise 上升 bring down /reduce 减少 increase/decrease上升、减少
28“买/卖” purchase pay off on sale bargain
cash credit card notes/ coins discounts
29“存在/消失come into being exist turn up die out pass away be out of sight
30“变化” develop go+ bad /wrong reform
31“认识的过程” be familiar with 熟悉 recall 重新想起来
32“成功/失败” make it failure defeat beat
33“努力” attempt 尝试
34祝贺 congratulations on sb celebrate observe 庆祝
35赞美/批评 think highly of blame sb for sth sb is to blame
criticize /scold sb. for sth. speak ill of
36喜/恶 be fond of be keen on adore in favor of disgusting讨厌的 ignore 忽视
37判断 judge 判断 infer 猜测
38到达 upon one’s arrival on doing sth
39受伤 injured wound bleed suffer from
40损坏 damage destroy ruin break down
41修复 rebuild restore recover oneself
42支持/反对 turn down vote for/ against
43 做饭 steam cooker
44 建议 urge propose demand persuade 说服
45 花费 at one’s expense
46 省/存钱 set aside put away
47 参加 participate in
48控告 accuse sb. of charge sb. with sth
49 救治 save /rescue sb from sth. cure sb. of sth
aid sb in doing sth / to do sth assist sb in doing sth
50敬佩 admire adore envy /be jealousy in honor of
51逃避 escape from flee
52 阻止/禁止 forbid doing sth. ban prohibit
53 对付/处理 handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth settle
54 效仿 imitate
54 爆发/发生 come about go off explosion
55安装/装备 be equipped with装备有
56 追求 pursuit seek after chase catch up with赶上 keep up with跟上
57 想/考虑 think over仔细考虑
58 打算 intend to do sth
59 似乎/好象 as if as though
60 开办/关闭 set up close down

名词类“
1假期 have two days off
2旅游 voyage 航行
3职务人员 secretary host hostess assistant customer staff crew
conductor tailor sailor inventor guard
4餐馆/定餐/就餐 menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table napkin
5诊所/看病/服药 clinic physician surgeon specialist
6车站/机场 on board
7身体部位 waist back shoulder pulse wrist
8意志 ambition
9才能/品质 potential intelligent promising knowledgeable
10优缺点 strength weakness
11目标 aim goal intention purpose belief faith
12方式 means method manner approach
13身体素质 put on weight
14图表 draw a sketch 划草图
15文章 journal 日志
16课堂 lecture scholarship degree
17 学校活动 hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony
18建议/观点 proposal recommendation
19气候/天气 climate freezing/warmth
20交通 give sb. a lift/ride
21习惯 custom regular有规律的（形容词） practice惯例（名词）
22感觉 sight hearing touch smell sense
23情感 emotion delight sadness sorrow
24 财富 possessions fortunes be rich/well-off
25 运动比赛 coach judge jogging weightlifting
26衣服 clothes, cloth, clothing　
27事件 incident, accident　 incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故

形容词类
1人的各种感受
乐 delighted to one’s joy amused
悲 painful bitter
平静 silent/still peaceful
烦 be fed up with
震惊 astonished shocked
怕 in fear be frightened
失望desperate disappointed be depressed
满意be content to do
生气 annoyed disgusting burst into rage

2 表程度的副词类
extremely 极度地
once in a while occasionally 偶尔地
however/ therefore/so/thus




【典例1 2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）】
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second_____21_____. He learned the value and beauty of ____22____ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something ____23____ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the ____24____ it caused had driven away a number of birds. ____25____, the number of snakes had declined as well. He ____26____ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the ____27____. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____28____ during the daytime. He turned to the ____29____ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _____30_____a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
____31____ young plants in the dry season was ______32______for a lone boy. Molai built at the _____33_____ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to______34______ rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai _____35_____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
21. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
23. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
24. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
26. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
27. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
28. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
30. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
31. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
32. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
34. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
35. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
【答案】
21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与……保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。



（山东省2021届高三上学期期中考试英语试题）
Pennsylvania is full of mysterious places! One of those is an old turnpike （收费高速公路） ___41___ for decades. My dad loves history, and he learned it was open to the public. ___42___, when I was 14, we took a bike trip to ___43___ this road!
My dad chose a 16-mile ___44___ of the road for us to ride. Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long! To ___45___, we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries. In the morning, we loaded our bikes into the car and set off. As we approached the tunnel, I felt ___46___ as it was absolutely black inside! But Dad encouraged me. He said he would be beside me. He reminded me to stay ___47___ and keep my light on!
When we ___48___ the tunnel, the sound of our bikes was heard through the darkness. I shined my flash light around and saw walls ___49___in graffiti （涂鸦）.And I felt like I was being _____50_____! I was pretty scared, but _____51_____ on following Dad helped me relax. After riding half-way through, I could see light coming from the other end, motivating me to keep going. And I was so delighted to ride out into the bright afternoon!
Whenever going through _____52_____ in life, I remember this trip. It reminds me that my father is always beside me. He turns on the light of hope in my _____53_____, as well as gives me _____54_____ to keep riding through life's _____55_____ tunnels.
41. A. designed B. destroyed C. abandoned D. locked
42. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
43. A. explore B. construct C. protect D. repair
44. A. tunnel B. section C. block D. course
45. A. participate B. register C. cooperate D. prepare
46. A. excited B. nervous C. annoyed D. exhausted
47. A. silent B. curious C. cautious D. positive
48 A. approached B. observed C. constructed D. entered
49. A. covered B. buried C. absorbed D. dressed
50. A. forced B. watched C. abused D. judged
51. A. depending B. surviving C. calling D. focusing
52. A. accidents B. hardships C. regulations D. incidents
53. A. chest B. trip C. work D. heart
54. A. courage B. pride C. excitement D. enthusiasm
55. A. difficult B. distant C. dark D. long
【答案】CCABD BCDAB DBDAC
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我和爸爸的一次公路探险让我终生难忘——每当生活中遇到困难时，它总会提醒我，爸爸总是在我身边，给我战胜困难的希望和勇气。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一个是废弃了几十年的收费公路。A. designed设计；B. destroyed破坏；C. abandoned遗弃、废弃；D. locked锁住。根据空后的“My dad loves history…”可知，因为爸爸喜欢历史，我们才去探险，因此这条收费公路应该是废弃了几十年，故C项正确。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸喜欢历史，他了解到这条公路是对公众开放的，因此，在我14岁时，爸爸带我骑自行车去探索这条公路！A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据句意可知前后是因果关系，此处表示结果，故C项正确。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. explore探索；B. construct建造；C. protect保护；D. repair修理。空前说爸爸喜欢历史，再结合下文我们在这条公路上的经历可知，爸爸带我骑自行车去探索这条公路，故A项正确。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸选了一个16英里长的路段。A. tunnel隧道；B. section部分、路段；C. block街区；D. course过程。空后一句说该路段包括一条超过一英里长的、名为锡岭山的古老隧道，因此此处是指“一个16英里长的路段”，故B项正确。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了做好准备，我们检查了车胎，并确保车灯里装了电池。A. participate参与；B. register登记；C. cooperate合作；D. prepare准备。空后一句说我们检查了车胎，并确保车灯里装了电池，这些都是公路探险前的准备工作，故D项正确。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们接近隧道时，我非常紧张，因为里面一片漆黑！A. excited兴奋的；B. nervous紧张的；C. annoyed生气的；D. exhausted筋疲力尽的。空后一句说隧道里面一片漆黑，因此我非常紧张，故B项正确。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他提醒我要保持小心谨慎，让车灯开着！A. silent安静的；B. curious好奇的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. positive积极的。空前一句说隧道里一片漆黑，因此爸爸提醒我要保持小心谨慎，故C项正确。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们进入隧道时，我们骑车的叮当声在黑暗中回响。A. approached靠近；B. observed观察； C. constructed建造；D. entered进入。根据上文中的“we approached the tunnel”可知此处发生在“接近隧道”之后，是说我们进入了隧道，故D项正确。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我用闪光灯照了照四周，看到墙上满是涂鸦。A. covered覆盖；B. buried埋葬；C. absorbed吸收；D. dressed穿衣。根据空后的“graffiti”可知，我发现墙壁被涂鸦所覆盖（墙上满是涂鸦），故A项正确。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉自己被墙上的画像注视着。A. forced强迫；B. watched注视；C. abused虐待；D. judged审判。根据常识可知，涂鸦多是表情夸张或面目狰狞的人物画像，因此我感觉自己被墙上的画像注视着，故B项正确。
【51题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很害怕，但集中精力跟着爸爸走能让我放松下来。A. depending on依靠；B. surviving on靠……活下来；C. calling on号召；D. focusing on集中精力于。根据空后的“on following Dad helped me relax”可知，集中精力跟着爸爸走能让我放松下来，故D项正确。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当生活中遇到困难时，我都会想起这次旅行。A. accidents事故；B. hardships艰难困苦；C. regulations条例；D. incidents事件。空后说这次旅行提醒我，爸爸总是在我身边，他点亮了我心中的希望之光，也给了我勇气，让我继续穿过生命的黑暗隧道，此处用隧道比喻生活中的困难，说的是每当生活中遇到困难时，我都会想起这次旅行，故B项正确。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它提醒我，爸爸总是在我身边。他点亮了我心中的希望之光，也给了我勇气，让我继续穿过生活中的黑暗隧道。A. chest胸；B. trip旅行；C. work工作；D. heart内心。根据空前的“the light of hope”可知此处是指“心中的希望之光”，故D项正确。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. courage勇气；B. pride自豪；C. excitement兴奋；D. enthusiasm热情。根据上文中“But Dad encouraged me.”可知，在我紧张害怕时，爸爸鼓励我，因此此处是指“给我勇气”，故A项正确。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. difficult困难的；B. distant遥远的；C. dark黑暗的；D. long长的。根据上文中的“it was absolutely black inside!”可知，隧道里面一片漆黑，因此此处是指“生活中的黑暗隧道”，故C项正确。



第一篇:
The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the 41 ‘Legless Man’. 42 of the time will go something like this: in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to 43 people walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were spoiled by the 44 of large car parks.
The future history books might also record that we were 45 of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world - or less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a 46 image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, 47 , are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly 48 in the words of the old song: ‘I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.’ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there.’ You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is 49 to say ‘I’ve been there-meaning, ‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else.’
When you travel at high speeds，the present means 50 : you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is 51 , is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you 52 all experience; the present ceases to be a reality. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and 53 are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical 54 . He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just 55 of all true travelers.
41．A．title B．nickname C．term D．label
42．A．Folks B．Inscriptions C．Histories D．Documents
43．A．facilitate B．relieve C．prevent D．motivate
44．A．area B．presence C．comfort D．alternative
45．A．assured B．deprived C．convinced D．denied
46．A．unique B．picturesque C．passing D．blurred
47．A．in particular B．for instance C．on the other hand D．as a result
48．A．acted as B．summed up C．reflected on D．set up
49．A．ready B．reluctant C．bound D．thrilled
50．A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing
51．A．achieved B．administrated C．processed D．declared
52．A．expand B．suspend C．adventure D．depict
53．A．exercising B．relaxing C．arriving D．judging
54．A．initiation B．currency C．relief D．weariness
55．A．reward B．award C．demand D．Evaluation
【答案】DCCBB DABCD ABCDA
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。作者认为，在20世纪，各种电梯、车辆等让人们几乎不再使用腿，人们也忽略了旅行的真正意义。作者批判了这种现象，并提出真正的旅行应该如何。
41．D【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当人类学家把注意力转向20世纪的时候，他们肯定会选择“无腿人”这个标签。A.title标题；B.nickname绰号；C.term术语；D.label标签。根据“The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. ”（人类学家都对人类过去的时代作过仔细的标记。）可知，此处是指为20世纪贴标签。故选D。
42．C【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：这个时代的历史大致是这样的：在20世纪，人们忘记了如何使用他们的腿。A.Folks民间音乐，民谣；B.Inscriptions题词；C.Histories历史；D.Documents文件。根据“in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs”可知，此处是指这个时代的历史。故选C。
43．C【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：所有大型建筑里都有电梯和自动扶梯，以防止人们走路。A.facilitate促进；B.relieve缓解；C.prevent防止；D.motivate刺激，使有动机。根据“There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings”可知，此处是指防止人们走路。故选C。
44．B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：地球上所有的风景区都被大型停车场破坏了。A.area地区；B.presence存在；C.comfort安慰；D.alternative供替代的选择。根据“All the beauty spots on earth were spoiled”可知，此处是指大型停车场的出现。故选B。
45．B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：未来的历史书还会记载，我们的眼睛也不用了。A.assured保证；B.deprived使丧失，剥夺；C.convinced使相信；D.denied否认。根据“we failed to see anything on the way”（我们在路上什么也看不到）可知，此处是指我们的眼睛也被剥夺了。故选B。
46．D【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：当你乘汽车或火车旅行时，模糊的乡村景象不断地映在车窗上。A.unique独特的；B.picturesque如画的；C.passing经过的，过往的；D.blurred模糊的。根据“smears the windows”可知，此处是指模糊的乡村景象。故选D。
47．A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：尤其是汽车司机，他们的头脑永远被“前进，前进”的冲动所占据：他们从来都不想停下来。A.in particular尤其；B.for instance例如；C.on the other hand另一方面；D.as a result结果。根据“When you travel by car or train”可知，此处是指尤其是汽车司机。故选A。
48．B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这首老歌的歌词完美地总结了它……A.acted as担当；B.summed up总结；C.reflected on反思；D.set up建立。根据“I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.”（我加入海军是为了看世界，我看到了什么？我看到了大海。）可知，这首老歌的歌词完美地总结了它。故选B。
49．C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：你提到世界上最遥远、最引人遐思的地名，比如埃尔多拉多、喀布尔、伊尔库茨克，定有人说“我去过那儿——意思是：我在去另外一个地方的路上以100英里的时速路过那儿。”A.ready准备好的；B.reluctant勉强的；C.bound一定，必然；D.thrilled兴奋的。根据“The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there.”（最典型的24世纪旅行者总是说“我已经去过那里了”。）可知，你提到世界上最遥远、最引人遐思的地名，比如埃尔多拉多、喀布尔、伊尔库茨克，定有人说“我去过那儿”。故选C。
50．D【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：当你以很高的速度旅行时，“现在”就什么都不是：你主要活在未来，因为你多半时间在盼望赶到别的一个地方去。A.everything一切； B.anything任何东西；C.something某物；D.nothing没有什么。根据“you live mainly in the future”可知，“现在”就什么都不是。故选D。
51．A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：但是当你真的到达了目的地，你的到达也没有什么意义。A.achieved获得；B.administrated管理；C.processed加工；D.declared宣布。根据“You want to move on again.”（你想再次出发。）可知，此处是指当你真的到达了目的地。故选A。
52．B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：像这样旅行，你什么都没有经历；现在不再是现实。A.expand扩大；B.suspend使暂停；使悬浮；C.adventure冒险；D.depict描述。根据“the present ceases to be a reality”可知，此处是指暂停了所有经历，引申为什么都没有经历。故选B。
53．C【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：对他来说，旅行和到达是同一件事：他每走一步就到达一个地方。A.exercising锻炼；B.relaxing放松；C.arriving到达；D.judging判断。根据“he arrives somewhere with every step he makes”可知，此处是指旅行和到达是同一件事。故选C。
54．D【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：在旅途结束时，他感到一种愉悦的身体疲惫。A.initiation启蒙，传授；B.currency货币；C.relief减轻，解除；D.weariness疲惫。根据“Satisfying sleep”（令人满意的睡眠）可知，在身体疲惫后睡眠会很好。故选D。
55．A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：他会得到令人满意的睡眠：这是对一切真正旅行者的酬报。A.reward报酬；B.award奖；C.demand要求；D.evaluation评估。根据“Satisfying sleep”可知，这是对一切真正旅行者的酬报。故选A。

第二篇：
Some kids dream of being superheroes that can save our planet from evil but believe it or not, even a small kid like YOU can help save our planet.
When I was a 41 , my mom and dad would push me in a baby jogger. We would pick up soda cans while my mom and dad ran. Before I could 42 , whenever I saw a can I would point to it. It was fun picking up cans. We ran a lot miles and 43 up many cans.
When I was five, I went 44 with my mom, dad, and a friend at Bastrop State Park. The first night we went for a bike ride. I 45 on my dad's bike. There was so much 46 that the road did not look pretty. The second day, when we went for a 47 along the same road, we picked up all the cans—about one hundred of them. The road looked much 48 when we went home.
I am now too 49 for the baby jogger. But I still pick up cans wherever we go, and my mom and dad still bring back cans from their walks. We 50 the cans behind and inside our garage. When I was very young, we would 51 the cans to a can cruncher in a store park. It was fun 52 all the cans crunching(压碎), but it was untidy.
Now we store the cans 53 we get a lot of them, then we take them on our friend's big truck to the recycling place. One time, I sold 410 pounds 54 .
I have sold over 1, 000 pounds of cans, and I am only nine years old. I 55 the world by making the roads, the lakes, and the trails prettier, and because all my cans are recycled.
41．A．baby B．student C．son D．boy
42．A．move B．run C．talk D．cry
43．A．picked B．gave C．looked D．took
44．A．camping B．shopping C．fishing D．swimming
45．A．insisted B．rode C．stood D．turned
46．A．grass B．plastic C．noise D．waste
47．A．visit B．rest C．walk D．product
48．A．farther B．prettier C．wider D．longer
49．A．big B．tired C．fat D．dangerous
50．A．hide B．make C．recycle D．store
51．A．throw B．deliver C．take D．send
52．A．feeling B．keeping C．hearing D．preventing
53．A．before B．after C．unless D．until
54．A．right away B．at once C．right now D．once again
55．A．arrange B．love C．help D．clear
【答案】ACAAB DCBAD CCDBC
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位少年从很小的时候起就养成了爱护环境的好习惯——随时随地捡易拉罐，从而启发人们增强环保意识。
41．A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个婴儿的时候，我爸妈会把我放进婴儿推车里。A. baby婴儿；B. student学生；C. son儿子；D. boy男孩。根据“my mom and dad would push me in a baby jogger.”可知，当作者还是幼儿的时候，父母会把他放在放进婴儿推车里，随他们去散步，沿途捡易拉罐。故选A。
42．C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我能说话之前，每当我看到一个易拉罐，我就会指着它。A. move移动；B. run跑；C. talk交谈；D. cry哭。根据“I would point to it”可知，作者儿时还不会说话的时候，看到易拉罐就会伸出手去指。故选C。
43．A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们跑了很多英里，捡了很多易拉罐。A. picked捡到；B. gave给；C. looked看；D. took带走。由上句中的“It was fun picking up cans.”提示可知，他们走了很远，捡到了许多易拉罐。故选A。
44．A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我五岁的时候，我和爸爸妈妈，还有一个朋友去巴斯多普州立公园露营。A. camping野营；B. shopping购物；C. fishing钓鱼；D. swimming游泳。根据后文中的“Bastrop State Park”以及“went for a bike ride”可知，作者和他的爸爸妈妈以及一个朋友是去野营。故选A。
45．B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我骑我爸爸的自行车。A. insisted坚持；B. rode骑；C. stood站；D. turned变成。根据空前的“we went for a bike ride”可知，作者骑在爸爸的自行车上。故选B。
46．D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有这么多的废物，这条路看起来不漂亮。A. grass草地；B. plastic塑料；C. noise噪音；D. waste废物。由“...the road did not look pretty”可知，沿途他们看到了很多垃圾。故选D。
47．C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，当我们沿着同一条路散步时，我们捡起了所有的易拉罐——大约一百个。A. visit参观；B. rest休息；C. walk行走；D. product产品。联系空后的“along the same road”可知，他们沿着昨天的路去散步。go for a walk散步。 故选C。
48．B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们回家时，这条路看起来漂亮多了。A. farther更远的；B. prettier更漂亮的；C. wider更宽的；D. longer更长的。与前一天的“...the road did not look pretty”相比，捡过易拉罐的沿途，景色优美多了。故选B。
49．A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我现在太大了，不适合婴儿推车了。A. big大的；B. tired累的；C. fat胖的；D. dangerous危险的。联系空后的“for the baby jogger”可知，如今的作者已经长大了， 不能再坐婴儿推车了。故选A。
50．D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们把罐子储存在车库里。A. hide隐藏；B. make制作；C. recycle循环；D. store储存。根据“behind and inside our garage”可知，这里指把捡来的易拉罐暂时储存在车库后面或里面。故选D。
51．C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我很小的时候，我们会把易拉罐拿到商店公园的易拉罐压缩机那里。A. throw扔；B. deliver递送；C. take带；D. send送。根据“to a can cruncher in a store park”可知， 作者把易拉罐带到公园里的一台易拉罐压缩机那里。故选C。
52．C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：听着罐头嘎吱嘎吱的声音很有趣，但很不整齐。A. feeling感觉；B. keeping保存；C. hearing听到；D. preventing阻止。联系空后的“all the cans crunching”可知，孩提时的作者认为听易拉罐被压碎的声音很好玩。故选C。
53．D【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：现在我们储存这些罐子，直到我们有很多，然后我们把它们放在我们朋友的大卡车去回收处。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. unless除非；D. until直到。从下文“One time, I sold 410 pounds”卖掉大批易拉罐可知，他们一直积攒捡到的易拉罐，直到数量多起来再把它们运到废品回收站。故选D。
54．B【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意：有一次，我一次卖了410英镑。A. right away立刻；B. at once马上；一次；C. right now立刻；D. once again再一次。联系空前的“One time”可知，表示一次卖掉410 磅易拉罐。故选B。
55．C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我帮助这个世界，让道路、湖泊和小路变得更漂亮，因为我所有的易拉罐都被回收利用了。A. arrange安排；B. love爱；C. help帮助；D. clear清扫。作者的环保行为， 无疑有助于(help)我们拥有一个干净美丽的世界。故选C。