人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions导学案

Unit4重点词形转换积累：

1. individual--   (n.)individuality个性；个人特征；个人的嗜好
2. puzzle (n.谜vt. 迷惑;)→  puzzling →puzzled adj.
3. Philosophy哲学--(adj.) philosophical / philosophic哲学的--(n.) philosopher哲学家
4. defend (v.保护; 保卫)→defence (n.防御; 保卫)→defensive (adj. 防御性的)
5. fascinate--(adj.) fascinating迷人的；吸引人的--(adj.)fascinated着迷的；被深深吸引的
6. surround (vt.围绕;包围)→surrounding (adj.周围的;附近的)→surroundings (n. (pl. )周围的事物; 环境)
7. evident (adj.明显的)→evidence (n.证据; 证明)
8. achieve (vt.取得;完成;达到)→achievement (n.成就; 成绩; 达到)
9. locate (v.找出……的位置) →located (adj.位于; 坐落在)→location (n.地方; 地点; 位置)
10. announce--(n.) announcement宣布；通知；声称--(n.) announcer 广播员；宣告者
11. generous (adj.慷慨的;大方的)→generously (adv.慷慨地;大方地)----(n.) generosity 慷慨，大方
12. greet (vt. 问候; 迎接)→greeting (n. 问候; 招呼)
13. poet--(n.) poem 诗；诗歌(可数)--(n.) poetry (总称)诗歌(不可数)
14. crowd (n.人群;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤)→crowded(adj. 拥挤的; 挤满的)
15. eager--(n.) eagerness--急切的，迫切的----急切，迫切
16. energy (n.能量;精力) → energetic (adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的)
17. perform--(n.) performer表演者；演员--(n.) performance表演；演技；表现
18. able--(v.) enable使能够；使可能--(n.) ability--(反义词) disability残疾

Unit4重点单词短语知识延伸

1.if any如果有的话

 So what is the difference between them,if any?

那么如果有区别的话,那区别是什么呢?

知识延伸

if any在句中是if there is any difference的省略形式。if any为省略句式,意为“如果有的话”,if 用作连词。

if any 即使有,如果有的话

if so 如果这样的话

if not 如果不这样的话

if ever 如果有过/发生过的话

if necessary 如果有必要的话

if possible 如果有可能的话

知识运用

(1)下周你会有一个晚上有空吗?如果有,让我们一起吃顿饭吧。

Will you get a free evening next week?　　　　　 　　　　　,let’s have a dinner. 

(2)大家感到冷吗?如果不冷,让我们把窗户打开吧。

Is everybody feeling cold?　　　　　 　　　　　,let’s open the window. 

(3)如果有必要的话,你可以向我求助。

　　　 　　　　　,you can turn to me for help. 

(4)试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有,请说出来。

Please try to find out the differences between the two words.　　　 　　　,speak it out. 

2.break away(from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱

 Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,导致了我们现在的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

知识延伸

break into强行闯入;忽然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等)

break off断开;停顿;中断

break in强行进入;打断;插嘴

break out(战争等)突然发生,爆发

break up分解;打碎;破裂;分手

break down发生故障;垮掉;失败;失控崩溃

知识运用

(1)She is trying to 　　　　　the bad habit,which makes her parents happy. 

(2)As the President’s car arrived,the crowd 　　　　　loud applause. 

(3)When the news came that the war 　　　　　,he decided to serve in the army. 

(4)Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers 　　　　　your house. 

3.belong vi.应在(某处);适应

 The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.

属于联合王国的这四个国家在一些地方共同工作。

知识延伸

belong to属于;是……的一员

belongings n.(pl.)所有物;财物

知识运用

(1)那些书是图书馆的,但这本是我自己的。

Those books　　　　　 　　　　　the library but this is my own. 

(2)任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。

Anyone has no right to take the land 　　　　　　　　　　the state as their own. 

(3)出租车司机常在乘客下车时提醒他们带好自己的物品。

The taxi driver often reminds passengers 　　　　　　　　when they get off the car. 

(4)As is known to us,China is a country which belongs to developing countries.

→As is known to us,China is a country 　　　　　　　　　　developing countries. 

4.as well as同(一样也);和;还

 They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence

它们用同样的英国国旗,还分享同样的货币和军事防御。

知识延伸

as well也,置于肯定句句末

as well as...同……一样

may/might as well do sth最好做某事

知识运用

(1)The basketball coach,as well as his team,　　　　　 (interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. 

(2)As well as 　　　　　(write) stories,I love reading and listening to music. 

(3)对中国人来说,想把英语说得像以英语作为母语的人一样好,并不是件容易的事。

It is not easy for a Chinese to speak English 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a native English speaker. 

(4)我会说流利的英语,也会说法语。

I can speak fluent English and I can speak French　　　　　 　　　　　. 

5.defence n.防御;保卫

 They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.

它们用同样的英国国旗,还分享同样的货币和军事防御。

知识延伸

(1)defend vt.保护;保卫

defend against抵御

defend oneself自卫;为……辩护

defend...from/against...保卫……免受……伤害

(2)in defence保卫,防守

in defence of...为了保卫……

in sb’s defence为某人辩护

(3)defensive adj.防御的,保护的

知识运用

(1)What was especially important for Tim’s successful 　　　　　(defend) in the football game? 

(2)Students should be trained to defend themselves 　　　　　some attacks. 

(3)He has hired a lawyer 　　　　　(defend) himself against his action. 

(4)He made a long speech 　　　　　(defend) his views from objections. 

6.everywhere 引导地点状语从句

 Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.

你无论走到英国的哪个地方,你会被曾在历史上不同时期占领英国的四个国家的痕迹所环绕。

知识延伸

(1)everywhere作连词,引导地点状语从句。

(2)everywhere用作副词,意为“到处”。

(3)everywhere可用作表语,表示某种情况很普遍。

(4)everywhere用作名词,在句中作主语。

知识运用

(1)人们无论朝哪里看,那里的一切几乎都被毁了。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　nearly everything was destroyed. 

(2)不管到哪里,我们周围都是空气。

There is air around us 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

(3)我哪儿都找过了,但没有找到。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but didn’t find it. 

(4)万籁俱寂。

　　　 seemed to be silent. 

7.surround vt.围绕;包围

 Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history

 你无论走到英国的哪个地方,你会被曾在历史上不同时期占领英国的四个国家的痕迹所环绕。

知识延伸

surround...with...用……包围……

be surrounded by/with...被……包围

surrounding adj.周围的;附近的

surroundings n.周围的事物;环境

知识运用

(1)The　　　　(surround) area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks. 

(2)　　　　　 (surround) by a group of young people,the old man felt happy. 

(3)They built themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded 　　　　　(surround) of the town. 

(4)Looking around,I found myself 　　　　　(surround) by a group of children full of curiosity. 

(5)从前,在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王,他对邻邦十分友好。

Once upon a time,a king who was polite to　　　　　 countries lived in a castle 　　　　　by a large forest and having wonderful 　　　　　. 

8.achievement n.成就;成绩;达到

 Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.(P40) 他们的一些伟大的成就包括建造城镇和道路。

知识延伸

(1)a sense of achievement成就感

(2)achieve vt.完成;达到　vi.成功

achieve one’s success获得成功

achieve one’s goal达到目标

知识运用

(1)Because of his hard work,the boy has made much 　　　　(achieve) in his academics. 

(2)She hoped 　　　　　(achieve) her goal to become a singer. 

(3)那无疑给了我们很大的成就感。

That surely gave us　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

(4)要取得最终的成功需要努力工作。

It takes hard work　　　　　 　　　　　the final success. 

9.charge n.收费;指控;主管　vt.收费;控告;充电

 Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged

朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的地下停车场,在那里我们能给我们的车充电。

知识延伸

(1)charge for...收……的费用

charge sb money for sth因某事向某人收费

charge sb with(doing) sth=accuse sb of(doing) sth控告某人(做)某事

(2)free of charge(=for free)免费

take charge of...接管/负责……

in charge of...负责/主管……(主语通常为人)

in the charge of...由……管理(主语通常为物)

知识运用

(1)我想知道你们收取多少服务费。

I wonder how much 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 your services. 

(2)被警察拘留的男子被指控盗窃。

The man arrested by the police 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

(3)一个星期以后,我自愿负责班里的英语学习。

A week later,I volunteered to 　　　　　　　　　　English study in my class. 

当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。

(4)The company is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Tom when the boss is away. 

(5)Tom is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the company when the boss is away. 

10.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称

 When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.(P42) 最后,当我们到服务台去寻找音频指南时,我们听到通知说没有音频指南了。

知识延伸

(1)announce sth to sb=announce to sb sth向某人宣布某事

It is/was announced that...据宣布……

announce that...宣布……;通知……

(2)announcement n.公告;发表;宣告;通告

make an announcement发布通告

announcer n.播音员,广播员

知识运用

(1)After the president made an official 　(announce),she expressed her personal opinion. 

(2)Then the bell rang,　　　　　 (announce) the end of the class. 

(3)It has 　　　　　(announce) that railway fare will be raised by 10 percent on and after March 1st. 

(4)他说有幸得到这张机票的女士将在网站上公布出来,整个旅行也会在线分享。

He said the lucky woman who got the ticket 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on the website and the trip will be shared online. 

11.amount n.金额;数量

 We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.

在国家美术馆入口处,大量的游客和吵闹声着实让我们吃了一惊。

知识延伸

“a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。“large amounts of +不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数

知识运用

(1)Some countries in Europe obtain 　　　　　large amount of money from tourism. 

(2)Large amounts of land in the area 　　　　　(have) been reserved for national parks these years. 

(3)So far,a huge amount of money 　　　　　(have) been spent on his slimming gym. 

(4)虽然这份工作要花大量的时间,但大多数学生都同意这次经历是值得的。

Although the job takes　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　time,most students agree that the experience is worth it. 

12.approach n.方法;途径;接近　vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 　vi.靠近

 It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.

因为周围人太多了,所以很难靠近画。

知识延伸

(1)(an) approach to...(一个)……的方法

at the approach of...……的来临/临近

make approaches to sth/sb对……进行探讨;与某人打交道

with sth approaching随着……的临近

(2)approachable adj.可接近的;友好的

知识运用

(1)All the approaches　　　　　 the airport were blocked by the police. 

(2)　　　　　(approach) the vehicle,they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. 

(3)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to 　　　　　(work) things out. 

(4)As the Spring Festival is approaching,some students are getting more and more excited.

→With the Spring Festival　　　　　,some students are getting more and more excited.(升级为with的复合结构) 

13.eager adj.热切的;渴望的

 I was eager to see that... 我急切地想看到……

知识延伸

(1)be eager for...急于得到……

be eager to do sth渴望做某事

be eager that...热切希望……(从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)

(2)eagerly adv.急切地;渴望地;热心地

eagerness n.渴望;热心

with eagerness热切地

知识运用

(1)Jules was not eager 　　　　　classroom learning.He hungered for adventure. 

(2)She was very eager　　　　　(learn) more words and use them as much as she could. 

(3)I couldn’t hide my　　　　　(eager) to get back home. 

(4)I’m 　　　　　(eager) looking forward to meeting my good friends. 

14.“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构

 The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(P44)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。

知识延伸

知识运用

(1)她来到了一个两岸长着绿草红花的小河边。

She came to a river　　　　　 green grass and red flowers on both sides. 

(2)有这个男孩带路,我们找到他的家没有困难。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the way,we had no difficulty in finding his home. 

(3)由于钥匙丢了,他只好在门外等。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he had to wait outside the door. 

(4)有那么多工作要做,我没有时间去度假。

With so much work　　　　　 　　　　　,I have no time for a holiday. 

巩固训练1

一：单句填空

1.Every day,the sun rises,　　　　　 (announce) the beginning of a new day. 

2.At the meeting they discussed three different approaches 　　　　　the study of mathematics. 

3.All of the villagers were fighting against the flood in defence 　　　　　their own homes. 

4.　　　　　(surround) by rows of trees,our school stands out from all the other buildings. 

5.In order to prove that he is innocent,some new　　　　　(evident) is needed. 

6.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for her great　　　　　(achieve). 

7.In 　　　　　(strike) contrast to their brothers,the girls were both intelligent and charming. 

8.Children under sixteen are not　　　　　(legal) allowed to buy cigarettes. 

9.I’d like to express my gratitude to you for your 　　　　　(generous) during my stay there. 

10.How many adults,who complain about the long drives to work,　　　　　(eager) drove for hours at a time when they first got the licenses? 

二：选词填空

keep one’s eyes open,leave behind,add to,break away from,write down,result in,belong to,date back to,join to

1.Perhaps you think you could easily　　　　　 your happiness with more money. 

2.In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales was 　　　　　the Kingdom of England. 

3.Only then did I realise that it was foolish of me to　　　　　all of my friends. 

4.You might learn that haste makes waste if you do something so fast,　　　　　mistakes. 

5.As is known to all,cultural relics　　　　　human beings rather than individuals. 

6.　　　　　 1933,the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city. 

7.If you 　　　　　,you will be surprised to find many beautiful ancient wooden towers. 

8.If we let the fastest runner set the pace,the others will be　　　　　. 

9.Sometimes I would 　　　　　my thoughts and feelings and share them with my father. 

巩固训练4

1. individual--   (n.)__________________
2. puzzle (n.谜vt. 迷惑;)→  _________________ →_________________ adj.
3. Philosophy哲学--(adj.) _________________哲学的--(n.) _________________哲学家
4. defend (v.保护; 保卫)→_________________(n.)→_________________ (adj. )
5. fascinate--(adj.) _____________--(adj.)_________________
6. surround (vt.围绕;包围)→_________________(adj.)→_________________(n. )
7. evident (adj.明显的)→_________________ (n.)
8. achieve (vt.取得;完成;达到)→_________________(n.)
9. locate (v.找出……的位置) →_________________(adj.)→_________________(n.)
10. announce--(n.)_________________宣布；通知；声称--(n.) _________________广播员；宣告者
11. generous (adj.慷慨的;大方的)→_________________(adv.)----(n.) _________________
12. greet (vt. 问候; 迎接)→_________________(n. )
13. poet--(n.) _________________(可数)--(n.)_________________(总称)诗歌(不可数)
14. crowd (n.人群;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤)→_________________(adj. )
15. eager--(n.) _________________
16. energy (n.能量;精力) → _________________ (adj.)
17. perform--(n.) _________________表演者；演员--(n.) _________________表演；演技；表现
18. able--(v.) _________________使能够；使可能--(n.) _________________--(反义词) _________________残疾

巩固训练5